EP2047537A2 - Composant émetteur de rayonnement - Google Patents

Composant émetteur de rayonnement

Info

Publication number
EP2047537A2
EP2047537A2 EP07785590A EP07785590A EP2047537A2 EP 2047537 A2 EP2047537 A2 EP 2047537A2 EP 07785590 A EP07785590 A EP 07785590A EP 07785590 A EP07785590 A EP 07785590A EP 2047537 A2 EP2047537 A2 EP 2047537A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
scattering
film
component according
radiation
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP07785590A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Braun
Markus Klein
Klaus Meyer
Ralph Pätzold
Heinz Pudleiner
Wiebke Sarfert
Florian Schindler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro Deutschland AG
Osram Oled GmbH
Original Assignee
Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Bayer MaterialScience AG filed Critical Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Publication of EP2047537A2 publication Critical patent/EP2047537A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K50/854—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising scattering means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
    • G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
    • G02B5/0247—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of voids or pores
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
    • G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0051—Diffusing sheet or layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
    • H10K2102/331—Nanoparticles used in non-emissive layers, e.g. in packaging layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiation-emitting component, in particular an optoelectronic component.
  • the application WO 2005/018010 describes organic electroluminescent products with improved light extraction, which have an adjacently arranged, light-scattering medium.
  • the application EP 1 406 474 describes a light extraction OLED device
  • an organic EL element disposed over the transparent first electrode layer, wherein the electrode layer comprises one or more organic layers but at least one luminescent layer in which light is generated; (e) a transparent second electrode layer disposed over the organic EL element;
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved device.
  • a radiation-emitting component which is improved with regard to the coupling-out efficiency and / or the homogeneity of the coupling-out radiation power distribution should be specified.
  • a radiation-emitting component according to the invention comprises an active layer designed for generating radiation and a radiation outcoupling side.
  • an active layer designed for generating radiation and a radiation outcoupling side.
  • a scattering film is arranged and connected to the device.
  • the component is preferably designed as an organic radiation-emitting component, in particular as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).
  • the active layer is expediently formed by means of an organic layer which contains an organic (semi) conductive material.
  • the organic layer contains for example at least one (semi) conducting polymer and / or comprises at least one layer with a (semi) conducting molecule, in particular a low molecular weight molecule.
  • Radiation generated in the component can be scattered by means of the scattering film.
  • a more homogeneous distribution of the radiation power can be achieved with respect to a corresponding component without scattering film from the radiation outcoupling side of the component.
  • the beam path can be disturbed by scattering events on or in the scattering film. This leads advantageously to an increase in the decoupled during operation of the device radiation power.
  • an undesirable waveguide in the component which can occur, for example due to (multiple) reflection, in particular total reflection in the component, disturbed and the decoupled from the component radiant power over this be increased advantageous.
  • the scattering film is preferably applied to an already prefabricated, functional component and attached to the component. It is therefore particularly not necessary to equip all components of a production batch with a scattering film. Rather, application-specific only selected components can be provided with a scattering film.
  • the retrofitting of components with the scattering film has the advantage that it can be provided as needed. For example, already prefabricated components can first be tested with respect to a criterion, for example with regard to the functionality of the component, the color locus of the generated radiation or a minimum nominal value of the decoupled radiation power. Subsequently, only those components that meet the criterion can be provided with a scattering film.
  • the production costs of a composite component with component and scattering film which has an advantageously increased coupling-out efficiency, can thereby be advantageously reduced, since defective components can be discarded and are not provided with the scattering film.
  • a prefabricated OLED may in particular comprise electrodes for the electrical contacting and, alternatively or additionally, an encapsulation protecting the organic layer, which protects the organic layer, for example, from moisture.
  • the scattering film is formed as a transmission scattering film, which scatters through the scattering film passing and in particular generated in the active layer radiation. Opposite one
  • Reflective scattering film which reflects scattered radiation back into the component, offers the advantage of a transmission scattering film that beam deflection and absorption in the component are avoided.
  • a surface of the scattering film facing away from the component can be designed as a decoupling surface of radiation from the composite component comprising the component and the scattering film.
  • the device includes a substrate on which the active layer is disposed.
  • the active layer can be applied to the substrate during the production of the component.
  • the substrate mechanically stabilizes the active layer.
  • the substrate may in particular be formed by a layer on which the organic layer and optionally electrodes for electrical contacting and / or further elements of the component are applied.
  • the scattering film is preferably arranged on the side of the substrate remote from the active layer and connected to the " substrate." Due to the generally high mechanical stability of the substrate compared to a film, the scattering film can be attached to the substrate in a particularly simple stable manner and preferably permanently. Conveniently, the substrate is cantilevered.
  • the substrate may be flexible.
  • a film is suitable; in particular a plastic film, e.g. a PMMA film.
  • the scattering film can increase the mechanical stability of the substrate / scattering film composite compared with a flexible substrate which is not provided with a scattering film.
  • the substrate is permeable to radiation generated in the active layer, in particular formed from a radiation-transmissive material.
  • the side of the substrate facing away from the active layer may form a radiation exit surface of the component.
  • the substrate contains a glass.
  • a glass substrate is frequently used, especially in OLEDs.
  • In conventional devices without scattering film is usually subject to a considerable proportion of radiation has penetrated into the substrate of a continuous wave len Entry in the substrate. This can be caused by total reflection at the surface of the substrate facing away from the active layer (with).
  • Continued radiation reflected in the substrate may exit from an undesired surface of the substrate, eg, a side surface.
  • the radiation power which can be output via the surface of the substrate facing away from the active layer and which can be provided as the main exit surface of the component is undesirably reduced hereby.
  • both the portion of radiation reflected back on the substrate and the waveguide in the substrate can advantageously be reduced. As a consequence, the coupling-out efficiency of the component is increased.
  • the substrate may also be designed to be electrically insulating.
  • the electrical contacting of the device takes place in this case, preferably on the side facing away from the scattering film of the substrate.
  • the substrate can furthermore be provided with the scattering film essentially over the whole area.
  • the scattering film preferably completely covers at least the active layer.
  • the scattering film comprises a mixed with local scattering zones film matrix.
  • the scattering zones preferably have a refractive index which is different from that of the matrix material of the film matrix.
  • the suitably radiation-transmissive matrix material may be provided with scattering properties for the scattering film by forming the refractive index inhomogeneities.
  • the refractive index of the scattering zones preferably deviates by 0.6% or more, more preferably by 3.0% or more and, with particular advantage, by 6% or more from the refractive index of the matrix material. The greater the deviation, the more efficient is the scattering by means of the scatter zone.
  • the scattering zones are radiation-permeable to the radiation generated in the active layer. Accordingly, the scattering of radiation in the scattering film can be effected by refraction upon entry into the film, as it passes through and / or on exiting from the scattering zones.
  • the scattering film or the film matrix contains a plastic permeable to the radiation generated in the active layer, for example a thermoplastic.
  • Suitable plastics for the films all transparent thermoplastics can be used: polyacrylates, polymethyl methacrylates (PMMA; Plexiglas ® from Rohm.), Cyclic olefin copolymers (COC; Topas ® by the company Ticona.); • Zenoex ® by the company. Nippon Zeon or Apel ® by the company. Japan Synthetic Rubber), polysulfones (Ultrason from the Fa. BASF or Udel ® by the company. Solvay), polyesters, such as PET or PEN, polycarbonate, polycarbonate / polyester blends, such as PC / PET, polycarbonate / Polycyclohexylmethanolcyclo- hexandicarboxylat ( PCCD;. Xylecs ® by the company GE) and polycarbonate / polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) blends.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylates
  • COC Cyclic olefin copolymers
  • the scattering film or the film matrix contains a polymer, for example a polycarbonate.
  • a polymer for example a polycarbonate.
  • Plastic films, in particular polycarbonate-based films, can be produced in a simple manner and inexpensively.
  • the scattering zones in particular radiation-permeable, scattering particles.
  • the scattering particles preferably comprise inorganic or organic particles, more preferably organic particles.
  • Plastic particles and / or .Polymerpelle are particularly suitable as scattering particles. ⁇
  • the beam path of (light) rays in the film can be deflected from the original direction, ie the direction before the scattering event on a scattering particle.
  • the scattering particles comprise hollow particles, in particular polymeric hollow particles.
  • refractive index inhomogeneities can be formed in the matrix material.
  • the interior of the hollow body for example, gas-filled, for example, be filled with air.
  • About polymer hollow particles can be achieved in a polymer matrix, which is provided with the polymer hollow particles, particularly high refractive index differences.
  • Radiation-permeable polymeric materials generally have refractive indices which differ relatively little from one another.
  • the polymer-free interior of the hollow body can, in simplified terms, show an increased refractive index deviation from the matrix material.
  • Such hollow spheres are e.g. described in US Patent 5053436.
  • the wall material is made of acrylate polymer and the interior is filled with ambient air.
  • the scattering particles comprise particles having a core-shell structure, in particular polymer particles having a core-shell morphology. These particles are preferably designed as full particles and not as hollow particles.
  • a material for the particle core can advantageously also be used which would be only partially or even unsuitable for direct contact with the matrix material.
  • a core material can be used which would promote the degradation of polymer chains of the matrix material and accordingly would not be suitable in the absence of spacing from the matrix material.
  • the structure as core-shell particles comes from the application as impact modifiers. For this purpose, actually rubber-elastic particles (core of the particles) are needed, which are completely immiscible and incompatible with most thermoplastics. That leads to poor mechanical properties of the mixtures.
  • the rubber particles can be "coated” with a shell, for example an acrylate shell
  • the shell can be polymerized, for example by changing the monomers, the shell then surrounds the particle core and the shell forms the shell.
  • the scattering zones in particular the scattering particles, have an average diameter (average zone diameter or size) of at least 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably of at least 1 ⁇ m up to 100 ⁇ m or even up to 120 ⁇ m, more preferably from 2 to 50 ⁇ m, most preferably from 2 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • average diameter mean zone diameter
  • the number average is to be understood
  • at least 90%, most preferably at least 95%, of the scattering zones have a diameter of greater than 1 ⁇ m and less than 100 ⁇ m
  • Such dimensions for the scattering zones and especially the scattering particles give the scattering film particularly good diffusive properties, in particular for the scattering of visible light.
  • diameters in the above sense between 0.5 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m inclusive, preferably between 2 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m inclusive, have proven particularly suitable.
  • a scattering structure in particular irregular and preferably statistically formed, is formed in a surface of the scattering film.
  • the scattering structure is expediently formed in the surface of the scattering film facing away from the component, in particular the substrate.
  • a roughness of the scattering film in particular the roughness of the surface with the scattering structure is greater than 3 microns, preferably greater than 4 microns.
  • the roughness is furthermore preferably less than 300 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 50 ⁇ m.
  • the roughness can be determined according to ISO 4288.
  • the structured surface of the scattering film preferably has a gloss level of less than 50%, preferably less than 40%. Furthermore, the gloss level is preferably greater than 0.5%.
  • the gloss level can be determined according to EN ISO 2813 (angle 60 °).
  • the scattering film may also have a glossy surface.
  • the glossy surface is preferably formed by means of the surface of the scattering film facing the component. This surface preferably has a gloss level of more than 50%.
  • the scattering structure is provided in addition to the scattering zones.
  • the decoupling from the composite component to a particularly high extent - by volume scattering at the scattering zones and surface scattering on the scattering structure - increases and at the same time a special homogeneous radiation power distribution can be achieved on the outlet side of Verbundbaueletnents.
  • the visual impression of the composite component e.g. rather dull or rather shiny, can be adjusted.
  • the scattering film or the film matrix is adapted to the component of refractive index.
  • the radiation transfer of radiation from the device into the scattering film is thus facilitated and the reflection losses at the interface (s) between the device and the scattering film are reduced.
  • the refractive index of the scattering film or, in the case that scattering zones are formed, that of the matrix material preferably deviates by 20% or less, particularly preferably by 10% or less, from that of the matrix material
  • Refractive index of the side of the component arranged material in particular the refractive index of the substrate.
  • a suitably suitable material for the film can be used.
  • a polycarbonate is particularly suitable for the film.
  • Refractive index matching material such as an optical refractive index matching gel
  • the refractive index matching material reduces the refractive index jump from the substrate to the scattering film.
  • the scattering film is attached to the component.
  • the scattering film is preferably fastened to the component, in particular the substrate, by means of an adhesion promoter, or the scattering film is laminated onto the component, in particular onto the substrate. If an adhesion promoter is used, it can advantageously also serve as a refractive index adjustment material.
  • the scattering film has a thickness of between 1 ⁇ m and 1 mm inclusive, preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m inclusive, more preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m inclusive.
  • the thickness of the film may be greater than or equal to 30 microns.
  • a film or layer composite is to be regarded as a film which does not bear its own weight, ie is not self-supporting, and in particular is flexible.
  • a scattering layer e.g. be used with a thickness of up to 10 mm, which may no longer have foil character.
  • a scattering layer with a film character is particularly suitable, in particular because of its flexibility.
  • the composite substrate comprising the scattering film and the substrate is mechanically stabilized due to the scattering film such that the composite substrate is mechanically stabilized by the scattering film even if the substrate is damaged.
  • the substrate is formed of a fragmentable material, for example glass.
  • a splintered substrate can be held together by means of the scattering film.
  • the scattering film is expediently designed with a suitable mechanical stability and mechanically stable and preferably permanently connected to the substrate.
  • the scattering film As a result of the scattering film, the overall stability of the composite substrate and above that of the composite component can advantageously be increased. Furthermore, the risk of splinters caused by injuries in the handling of the device is reduced.
  • the scattering film is designed as Schichtverbünd with a plurality of individual layers.
  • the scattering film is designed as (co) extruded layer composite.
  • an ultraviolet radiation (UV) absorbing element is connected to the component.
  • the element is preferably arranged on the side of the substrate which is remote from the active layer.
  • the element is designed as a separate UV protection film which absorbs ultraviolet radiation.
  • the separate UV protection film can be provided in a film composite with the scattering film.
  • the two films can be designed for a film composite in particular coextruded.
  • the scattering film for example by the addition of one or a plurality of additives, UV-absorbing.
  • a UV-absorbing material can be used for the film matrix.
  • Base layer of the film composite in particular the layer with the scattering particles, as well as the optional coextrusion layer (s) of the films of the invention may additionally contain additives such as UV absorbers and / or other processing aids.
  • additives such as UV absorbers and / or other processing aids.
  • different additives or different concentrations of additives may be present.
  • the co-extrusion layer (s) contain (s) the antistatics, UV absorbers and / or mold release agents.
  • the composition of the film additionally contains 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-% of a UV absorber of the classes benzotriazole derivatives, dimer benzotriazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, dimer triazine derivatives, diaryl cyanoacrylates.
  • a UV absorber of the classes benzotriazole derivatives, dimer benzotriazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, dimer triazine derivatives, diaryl cyanoacrylates.
  • Ultraviolet radiation in particular with OLEDs, can damage the organic layer provided for the generation of radiation and accelerate a defect of the component.
  • this UV aging can be at least inhibited.
  • the component is provided for lighting, in particular for general lighting.
  • a scattering film which would cause a blurring of the individual pixels in displays, can be used in general lighting components without any significant disadvantageous effect.
  • the component can be used, for example, for interior lighting, for exterior lighting or in a signal light.
  • the component is, in particular for use in general lighting, preferably designed to generate visible radiation.
  • the decoupling side luminance can be significantly increased.
  • an antistatic element in particular on the part of the radiation outcoupling side, is connected to the component. Dirt deposits on the (composite) component can be reduced hereby. It has proved to be particularly advantageous to form the scattering film antistatic. Electrostatically caused deposits on the film, which adversely affect the exit side
  • An antistatic agent may advantageously be integrated in the scattering film.
  • the antistatic element may be provided as a separate antistatic film in a film composite coextruded in particular together with the scattering film.
  • suitable antistatic agents are cationic compounds, for example quaternary ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium salts, anionic compounds, for example alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl phosphates, carboxylates in the form of alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, nonionic compounds, for example polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, fatty acid esters, ethoxylated fatty amines.
  • Preferred antistatic agents are quaternary ammonium compounds such as dimethyldiisopropylammonium perfluorobutanesulfonate.
  • a scattering foil for a decoupling of a radiation-emitting component in particular the use of a diffusion sheet in a radiation-emitting component offers a variety of benefits above and set forth below.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a radiation-emitting component according to the invention on the basis of a schematic sectional view.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a radiation-emitting component according to the invention on the basis of a schematic sectional view.
  • FIG. 3 shows, with reference to FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C, an exemplary embodiment of a scattering film for a component according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows the results of a simulation calculation for the dependence of the gain on decoupled radiation power on the weight concentration of scattering particles.
  • FIG. 5 shows measurement results for the dependence of the increase in decoupled radiation power on the number of scattering particles.
  • FIG. 6 shows the dependence of the increase in decoupled radiation power on the observation angle 1 for a component according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows the emission characteristics of a component according to the invention, a component without scattering foil and the cosinusoidal emission characteristic of a Lambertian radiator.
  • FIG. 8 shows the dependence of the CIE color coordinates x and y on the viewing angle for a component with scattering film and a component without scattering film.
  • FIG. 9 shows, on the basis of the tables in FIGS. 9A and 9B, measured and average values determined for different operating currents as well as the increase of radiant power determined therefrom.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 each show an embodiment of a radiation-emitting device according to the invention with reference to a schematic sectional view.
  • the radiation-emitting component 1 is in each case designed as an OLED.
  • the component 1 comprises an organic layer 2 designed for generating radiation or a corresponding layer stack with a plurality of organic layers.
  • the organic layer 2 is on a first main surface 3 of a substrate 4 of the
  • Radiation-emitting device disposed and connected thereto.
  • the organic layer 2 For carrier injection into the organic layer 2, it is electrically conductive with a first electrode 5, e.g. the cathode, and a second electrode 6, e.g. the anode, connected. Via these electrodes 5, 6, charge carriers - electrons or holes - can be supplied to the organic layer for generating radiation by recombination in the organic layer 2.
  • the electrodes 5 and 6 are preferably formed in layers, the organic layer being particularly preferably arranged between the electrodes.
  • the electrodes and the organic layer -2 may be applied to the first main surface 3 of the substrate.
  • the organic layer or layers preferably contain a semiconducting organic material.
  • the organic layer contains a semiconducting polymer.
  • Suitable organic or organometallic polymers include: polyfluorenes, polythiopenes, polyphenylenes, polythiophenevinylenes, poly-p-phenylenevinylenes, polyspiro polymers and their families, copolymers, derivatives and mixtures thereof.
  • the organic layer may contain a low molecular weight material (so-called small molecules).
  • Suitable low molecular weight materials include tris-8-aluminum quinolinol complexes, Irppy (tris- (2-phenylpyridyl) iridium complexes) and / or DPVBI (4,4'-bis (2,2-diphenyl) -ethen-1-yl) -diphenyl) complexes.
  • the substrate 4 is radiation-transparent for radiation generated in the organic layer 2.
  • visible light is preferably generated.
  • a glass substrate for example, borofloat glass, or a plastic (film) substrate, e.g. from PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate)) used.
  • the organic layer 2 facing away from the second main surface 7 of the substrate 4 passing light can decouple from the component-1.
  • the second Ha ⁇ pt Structure 7 may be formed in particular the radiation exit surface of the device.
  • On the side facing away from the substrate 4 side of the organic layer 2 may further be arranged a mirror layer. This preferably reflects radiation proceeding away from the substrate in the organic layer . Back direction of the substrate 4. The radiant power exiting via the radiation exit surface during operation of the component can thus be increased.
  • the first electrode 5 is designed as a reflective electrode and thus at the same time as a mirror layer.
  • the electrode 5 is preferably made metallic or based on alloy. A separate mirror layer is not explicitly shown in the figures.
  • the electrode 5 may be configured as a multilayer structure.
  • one of the layers for the charge carrier injection into the organic layer 2 and a further layer of the electrode is formed as a mirror layer.
  • the layer for the charge carrier injection is expediently arranged between the mirror layer and the organic layer.
  • the mirror layer and / or the carrier injection layer may be a metal, e.g. Au, Al, Ag or Pt, contain or consist of, wherein the two layers suitably contain different metals.
  • an alloy preferably with at least one of the above-mentioned metals for the (multi-layer) electrode 5 is suitable.
  • the second electrode 6 is arranged between the substrate 4 and the organic layer 2.
  • the electrode contains an indium tin oxide (ITO: indium tin oxide) for this purpose.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • a .Streufolie 8 is attached to the substrate.
  • an encapsulation for the organic layer 2 which is preferably arranged on the side facing away from the scattering foil 8 side of the substrate 4, has been omitted for reasons of clarity.
  • Such encapsulation encapsulates the organic layer harmful external influences, such as moisture.
  • the encapsulation may be formed, for example, as a roof construction.
  • the component may also comprise a plurality of, preferably structured, separate organic layers or layer stacks.
  • the various layers may be used to produce differently colored light, e.g. red, green or blue light, be formed.
  • the scattering film 8 is laminated onto the second main surface of the substrate 4, whereas in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 a separate adhesion-promoting layer 9, for example an adhesive layer, is provided, via which the scattering film is attached to the substrate 4 is.
  • a primer is for example a Norland Optical Adhesive, such as the type designation LOT no. 68th
  • the scattering film -8 is embodied as a transmission scattering film, so that radiation coming from the substrate 4 into the scattering film is scattered by means of the scattering film and emerges from the scattering film as scattered radiation via the surface 10 of the scattering film facing away from the substrate.
  • the scattering film can from the composite component shown in Figures 1 and 2, in addition to the device the includes attached to this scattered scattering film, coupled out in operation radiation power.
  • the scattering film serves in particular as a coupling-out layer of the composite component.
  • the radiation power distribution .. on the. Radiation decoupling side of the composite component by means of the scattering film can be homogenized simplified.
  • a defective region of the organic layer, which would appear on the decoupling side as a dark region in the absence of scattering film, can be compensated for by means of diffusive light scattering by means of the scattering film. ..
  • a scattering film 8 can be attached to the respective, found suitable components after a variety of components, such as functionality or sufficient radiation performance, tested and unsuitable components were sorted out. In contrast to one in the respective components already in the Manufacture integrated scattering element so the manufacturing cost can be reduced due to the reduced Committee.
  • the component 1 is preferably designed for illumination, in particular for general lighting. Compared with an application in displays in which the selectivity between individual pixels must be maintained, a scattering film, which would cause a blurring of the individual pixels in displays, can be used in general lighting components without any significant disadvantageous effect.
  • the component can be used, for example, for interior lighting, for exterior lighting or in a signal light. ' -
  • the component is expediently designed to generate visible radiation, in particular for use in general lighting.
  • the decoupling luminance, the decoupling side specific luminous emission and / or the decoupling side brightness can be considerably increased via the scattering film.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C each show an exemplary embodiment of a scattering film 8. These scattering films can be used in the components according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the scattering film 8 comprises a film matrix 82 offset with scattering particles 81.
  • the film matrix 82 is preferably formed of a radiation-transmissive plastic, for example polycarbonate.
  • the scattering particles are suitable in particular organic plastic particles.
  • the scattering particles are designed as polymer particles.
  • the scattering particles 81 are preferably designed to be transparent to radiation.
  • the scattering particles expediently have a different refractive index than the refractive index of the film matrix material. With radiation-permeable. Accordingly, scattering particles can be scattered by reflection at the interface with the film matrix and / or by refraction when entering, passing through and / or leaving the scattering particle.
  • the scattering particles can be added to a molding composition for the film matrix before production, the film in random distribution.
  • the proportion of scattering particles in the scattering film is preferably 50% by weight or less.
  • the refractive index of the scattering particles preferably deviates by 0.6% or more, more preferably by 3.0% or more and, with particular advantage, by 6% or more from the refractive index of the matrix material.
  • the scattering particles are, for example, polymer hollow particles, wherein a scattering by refraction here mainly due to the relatively high refractive index difference between hollow body interior and Hollow body wall is done. If polymeric materials are used both for the film matrix 82 and for the transformation of the cavity of the hollow particle, they usually have a comparatively small amount
  • the refractive index difference between the material of the walling and the interior which may be filled with gas, for example air, for example, can be made larger in a simplified manner.
  • gas for example air
  • FIG. 3B Such a polymeric hollow particle with the gas-filled cavity 12 and the cavity wall 13 is schematically indicated in FIG. 3B.
  • the surface 10 facing away from the component is provided with a scattering structure of the scattering foil 8 shown in FIG. 3B.
  • the scattering structure can be scattered in addition to the volume scattering of the particles on the surface of the film.
  • an irregular structure of the surface in particular a structure according to a statistical pattern.
  • the optical impression of the component can be set in the switched-off state.
  • the component may appear more shiny or rather dull.
  • FIG. 3C shows a scattering film 8 which has a scattering structure but is not offset with scattering particles 81.
  • This scattering film thus has only a surface structuring.
  • the use of the volume of the film for scattering the use of scattering particles is preferred.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C exemplarily symbolize beam paths in the scattering film 8, wherein in the case of the films provided with scattering articles 81 according to FIGS. 3A and 3B, a representation of a radiation passage through the particles has been dispensed with for reasons of clarity.
  • the roughness of the structured surface 10 is greater than 3 ⁇ m, preferably larger, for efficient scattering than 4 microns and less than 300 microns, more preferably greater than 4 microns and less than 50 microns.
  • a scattering film according to FIG. 3B is particularly suitable for increasing the decoupled radiation power. By means of such a scattering film, it was possible to achieve an increase in luminance of more than 20% compared to a similar component without scattering film.
  • the surface 11 of the scattering film facing the component is expediently planar and, in particular, unstructured.
  • a scattering foil with a structured surface 11 can be used.
  • the matrix material In order to facilitate the radiation transfer from the substrate 4 into the scattering film 8, in a scattering film provided with scattering particles, the matrix material and in a. Scattering film with only one surface structuring the material of the film to the substrate appropriately refractive index-matched. ⁇
  • the matrix material is particularly suitable for this polycarbonate. Polycarbonates have a refractive index of about 1.59. This material is well indexed to a glass substrate, particularly a borofloate glass substrate having a refractive index of about 1.54.
  • Refractive index matching material such as an optical gel
  • the primer layer for refractive index adjustment executed.
  • the adhesion promoter preferably has a refractive index which is not more than 20%, preferably not more than 10% outside a limited by the refractive indices of the substrate 4 and the film material or the matrix material interval. Preferably, this has
  • Refractive index matching material has a refractive index, .. which lies between that of the substrate and the scattering film or the film matrix.
  • a waveguide in the substrate can be reduced in the direction of the substrate side surfaces, which increases, for example, at a substrate-air interface.
  • films are described which are suitable for a component according to the invention, in particular a visible light-emitting component,. especially suitable, is ... , ,
  • acrylates in particular core-shell acrylates
  • These preferably have a sufficiently high thermal stability, • polycarbonate not to be decomposed, for example, up to at least 300 0 C at the processing temperatures of the transparent plastic is preferred.
  • the scattering pigments should have no functionalities that lead to a degradation of the polymer chain of the polycarbonate.
  • Paraloid ® can Fa. Rohm & Haas or Techpolymer® ® from. Sekisui good for pigmentation tion of transparent plastics. From these product lines a variety of different types are available. Preferably, core-shell acrylates from the tech polymer series are used.
  • the film in particular on the structured side facing away from the component, preferably has a degree of gloss (measured according to EN ISO 2813 (angle 60 °)) of less than 50%, preferably less than 40% and / or more than 0.5%. on.
  • a roughness (measured according to ISO 4288) on the structured side is advantageously greater than 3 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 4 ⁇ m and / or smaller than 300 ⁇ m, preferably smaller than 50 ⁇ m.
  • the gloss level of the film surface is particularly important and influences the optical properties of the film.
  • the visual impression of the non-driven component can be adjusted hereby.
  • the film is preferably designed as a plastic film, which consists of at least one layer. At least one layer of the film contains transparent polymeric particles having a different refractive index from the matrix material.
  • the layer contains from 50 to 99.99% by weight, preferably from 70 to 99.99% by weight, of a transparent plastic, in particular polycarbonate, and from 0.01 to 50% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 30% by weight. %, polymeric particles.
  • the particles preferably have an average particle size essentially between 1 and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 and 50 ⁇ m.
  • the film furthermore preferably has at least one structured side, the surface of the structured side having a degree of gloss (measured in accordance with EN ISO 2813 (angle 60 °)) of less than 50%, preferably less than 40% and more than 0.5%. and a roughness (measured according to ISO 4288) of greater than 3 microns, preferably greater than 4 microns and • less than 50 microns, preferably less than 300 microns on the structured side has.
  • a degree of gloss measured in accordance with EN ISO 2813 (angle 60 °)
  • a roughness measured according to ISO 4288
  • the scattering film may also have a glossy surface.
  • the glossy surface is preferably formed by means of the device-facing 1 surface of the scattering film. This surface preferably has a gloss level of more than 50%.
  • heated rubber rolls are used, as disclosed in DE 32 28 002 (or the US equivalent 4,368,240) of the company Nauta Roll Corporation.
  • the film is also preferably produced by thermoplastic processing.
  • the structuring of the film surfaces is preferably carried out with the aid of rollers, more preferably 3 rolls of a calender.
  • rollers more preferably 3 rolls of a calender.
  • the structures of the two rolls which form the nip into which the melt (so-called melt curtain) enters after leaving the extruder die are preferred.
  • melt curtain the melt
  • Key procedural parameters for the molding of the structures are the temperature of the rubber roller and the pressure in the nip, which is exerted on the melt curtain between the rollers. The process parameters can be quickly determined by simple experiments.
  • a smooth and / or shiny surface is preferably made with polished metal rollers.
  • the film preferably has a thickness of 25 ⁇ m, preferably 30 ⁇ m, to 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the film may also be a multilayer composite of at least two films.
  • This composite can be made by extrusion.
  • separately prefabricated films can be arranged on top of each other and joined together (so-called laminating or laminating).
  • the plastic granules for example, the polycarbonate granules fed to a hopper of an extruder and passes through this in the plasticizing consisting of screw and cylinder.
  • the conveying and melting of the plastic material takes place.
  • the plastic melt is forced through a slot die.
  • a filter device for one-sided structuring of the film surface, a rubber roller can be used.
  • the final shaping takes place.
  • the rubber rollers preferably used for the structuring of the film surface are described in US 4,368,240.
  • the mold is finally fixed by cooling and that alternately on the smoothing rollers and in the ambient air.
  • the other devices of the plasticizing system are used for transport, the possibly desired application of protective films and the winding of the extruded films.
  • Suitable plastics for the films all transparent thermoplastics can be used: polyacrylates, polymethyl methacrylates (PMMA; Plexiglas ® from Rohm.), Cyclic olefin copolymers (COC; Topas ® by the company Ticona.); Zenoex ® by the company. Nippon Zeon or Apel ® by the company. Japan Synthetic Rubber), polysulfones (Ultrason from the Fa. BASF or Udel ® by the company.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylates
  • COC Cyclic olefin copolymers
  • Zenoex ® by the company. Nippon Zeon or Apel ® by the company. Japan Synthetic Rubber
  • polysulfones Ultrason from the Fa. BASF or Udel ® by the company.
  • polyesters such as PET or PEN
  • polycarbonate such as PC / PET
  • polycarbonate / polyester blends such as PC / PET
  • PCCD Polycyclohexylmethanolcyclo- hexandicarboxylat
  • PBT Polycarbohat / polybutylene terephthalate
  • a polycarbonate is used. This is, as explained above, particularly suitable for refractive index matching to an OLED.
  • Suitable polycarbonates for the production of the film are all known polycarbonates. These are homopolycarbonates, copolycarbonates and thermoplastic polyestercarbonates.
  • a suitable polycarbonate preferably has a middle one
  • Molecular weight M w of from 18,000 to 40,000, preferably from 26,000 to 36,000 and in particular from 28,000 to 35,000, determined by measuring the relative solution viscosity in dichloromethane or in mixtures of equal amounts by weight phenol / o-dichlorobenzene calibrated by light scattering.
  • the preparation of the polycarbonates is preferably carried out by the phase boundary process or the melt transesterification process and is described below by way of example of the phase interface process.
  • Suitable diphenols are. for example, in US Pat. Nos. 2,999,835, 3,148,172, 2,991,273, 3,271,367, 4,982,014 and 2,999,846, in German Offenlegungsschriften 1,570,703, 2,063,050, 2,036,052, 2,211 Nos. 956 and 3,832,396, French Patent 1,561,518, in the monograph "H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Interscience Publishers, New York 1964, p28ff; p.102ff", and in “DG Legrand, JT Bendler, Handbook of Polycarbonates Science and Technology, Marcel Dekker New York 2000, p. 72ff. " described.
  • Phenylester snake for example in the US-A 34 94 885, 43 86 186, 46 61 580, 46 80 371 and 46 80 372, in EP-A 26 120, 26 121, 26 684, 28 030, 39 845, 39 845 , 91 602, 97 970, 79 075, 14 68 87, 15 61 03, 23 49 13 and 24 03 01 as well as in DE-A 14 95 626 and 22 32 977 described.
  • copolycarbonates Both homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates are suitable.
  • copolycarbonates it is also possible to use from 1 to 25% by weight, preferably from 2.5 to 25% by weight (based on the total amount of diphenols to be used) of hydroxyl-aryloxy endblocked polydiorganosiloxanes. These are known (see, for example, US Patent 3,419,634) or produced by literature methods.
  • the preparation of polydiorganosiloxane-containing copolycarbonates is z. B. in DE-OS 33 34 782 described.
  • Aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides for the preparation of aromatic polyester carbonates are preferably the diacid dichlorides of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, diphenyl ether-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and naphthalene-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid.
  • the aromatic polyester carbonates can be branched both linearly and in a known manner (see also DE-OS 29 40 024 and DE-OS 30 07 934).
  • the polydiorganosiloxane-polycarbonate block polymers may also be a mixture of polydiorganosiloxane-polycarbonate block copolymers with conventional polysiloxane-free thermoplastic polycarbonates, the total content of polydiorganosiloxane structural units in this mixture being about 2.5 to 25% by weight.
  • Such polydiorganosiloxane-polycarbonate block copolymers are e.g. from U.S. Patent Nos. 3,189,662, 3,821,325 and 3,832,419.
  • Preferred polydiorganosiloxane-polycarbonate block copolymers are prepared by adding alpha, omega-Bishydroxyaryloxyend phenomenon-containing polydiorganosiloxanes together with other diphenols, optionally with the concomitant use of branching agents in the usual amounts, eg. B. by the two-phase interface method (see H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonate Polymer Rev. Vol. IX, page 27 et seq., Interscience Publishers New York 1964), wherein in each case the ratio of the bifunctional phenolic reactants is selected such that This results in a suitable content of aromatic carbonate structural units and diorganosiloxy units. •
  • Such alpha, omega-bishydroxyaryloxy end-group-containing polydiorganosiloxanes are e.g. from US 3,419,634.
  • the polymeric particles have a core of a rubbery vinyl polymer.
  • the rubbery vinyl polymer may be a homo- or copolymer of any of the monomers having at least one " have ethylenically unsaturated group and which undergo an addition polymerization - as is well known - under the conditions of emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium.
  • Such monomers are listed in US 4,226,752, column 3, lines 40-62.
  • the polymeric particles contain a rubbery alkyl acrylate polymer core wherein the alkyl group has 2 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally copolymerized with 0 to 5% crosslinker and 0 to 5% graft crosslinker, based on the total weight of the core.
  • the rubbery alkyl acrylate is preferably copolymerized with up to 50% of one or more copolymerizable vinyl monomers, for example those mentioned above. Suitable crosslinking and graft-crosslinking monomers are described, for example, in EP-A 0 269 324.
  • the polymeric particles contain one or more coats.
  • This one coat or coats are preferably made from a vinyl homo- or copolymer. Suitable monomers for preparing the sheath (s) are described in US Pat. 4-226752, column '4, lines 20-46,' with reference being made to the disclosures herein.
  • One or more sheaths are preferably a polymer. from a methacrylate, acrylate, vinylarene, vinyl carboxylate, acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid.
  • the polymeric particles are useful to impart light scattering properties to the transparent plastic, preferably polycarbonate.
  • the polymeric particles preferably have an average particle diameter (average particle diameter or size) of at least 0.5 microns, preferably at least 1 microns to at most 100 microns, more preferably from 2 to 50 microns, most preferably from 2 to 30 microns. Preferably, at least 90%, most preferably at least 95% of the polymeric particles have a diameter of greater than 1 micrometer and less than 100 microns,
  • the polymeric particles are preferably a free flowing powder , preferably in compacted form.
  • At least one monomer component of the core polymer is subjected to emulsion polymerization to form emulsion polymer particles.
  • the emulsion polymer particles are swollen with the same or one or more other monomer components of the core polymer, and the monomer (s) are polymerized within the emulsion polymer particles.
  • the steps of swelling and polymerisation can be repeated until the particles have grown to the desired core size.
  • the core polymer particles are suspended in a 'second aqueous monomer emulsion, and a polymer sheath of the monomer / monomers is polymerized in the polymer particles in the second emulsion.
  • One or more coats may be polymerized on the core polymer.
  • the preparation of core / shell polymer particles is described in EP-A .0 269 324 and in U.S. Patents 3,793,402 and 3,808,180.
  • the film is preferably produced by extrusion.
  • a polycarbonate granules are fed to the extruder and melted in the plasticizing system of the extruder.
  • the plastic melt is replaced by a Pressed slot die and thereby deformed, brought in the nip of a smoothing calender in the desired final shape and fixed in shape by mutual cooling on smoothing rollers and the ambient air.
  • the polycarbonates used for the extrusion of high melt viscosity are conventionally processed at melt temperatures of 260-320 0 C, corresponding to the cylinder temperatures of the plasticizing cylinder and the die temperatures be adjusted.
  • polycarbonate melts of different composition can be superimposed and thus produce multilayer films (see, for example, EP-A 0 110 221 and EP-A 0 110 238).
  • Both the base layer, in particular the layer with the scattering particles, and the optionally present coextrusion layer (s) of the films according to the invention may additionally contain additives, for example UV absorbers and / or other processing aids.
  • additives for example UV absorbers and / or other processing aids.
  • different additives or different concentrations of additives may be present.
  • the co-extrusion layer (s) contain (s) the antistatics, UV absorbers and / or mold release agents.
  • the composition of the film additionally contains 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-% of a UV absorber of the classes benzotriazole derivatives, dimer benzotriazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, dimer triazine derivatives, diaryl cyanoacrylates.
  • Suitable stabilizers are, for example, phosphines, phosphites or Si-containing stabilizers and further compounds described in EP-A 0 500 496.
  • triphenyl phosphites examples which may be mentioned are triphenyl phosphites, diphenylalkyl phosphites, phenyldialkyl phosphites, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, and bis (2,4-dicumylphenyl) petaerythritol diphosphite and triarylphosphite.
  • triphenylphosphine and tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite Particular preference is given to triphenylphosphine and tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.
  • Suitable mold release agents are, for example, the esters or partial esters of monohydric to hexahydric alcohols, in particular of glycerol, of pentaerythritol or of Guerbet alcohols.
  • Monohydric alcohols are, for example, stearyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol and Guerbet alcohols
  • a dihydric alcohol is, for example, glycol
  • a tetrahydric alcohol is, for example, glycerol
  • tetrahydric alcohols are, for example, pentaerythritol and mesoerythritol
  • pentavalent alcohols are, for example, arabitol, ribitol and xylitol
  • hexahydric alcohols are, for example, mannitol, glucitol ( Sorbitol) and dulcite.
  • the esters are preferably the Monoester, diesters, triesters, Tetraester, Pentaester and hexaesters or mixtures thereof, particularly random mixtures, of saturated, ⁇ aliphatic C 0 to C 36 monocarboxylic acids' and optionally hydroxy-monocarboxylic acids, preferably with saturated aliphatic Ci 4 to C 32 -monocarboxylic acids and optionally hydroxy-monocarboxylic acids.
  • Obtainable fatty acid esters in particular of pentaerythritol and glycerol, may contain less than 60% of different partial esters.
  • Saturated, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 10 to 36 carbon atoms are, for example, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid and möntanklaren.
  • antistatic agents examples include cationic compounds, for example quaternary ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium salts, anionic compounds, for example alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl phosphates, carboxylates in the form of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, nonionic compounds, for example polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, fatty acid esters, ethoxylated fatty amines.
  • Preferred antistatic agents are quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. Dimethyldiisopropylammonium perfluorobutanesulfonate.
  • the preparation of the master batch is carried out using conventional twin-screw compounding extruders (eg ZSK 32) at processing temperatures of 250 to 33O 0 C, which are customary for polycarbonate.
  • conventional twin-screw compounding extruders eg ZSK 32
  • a masterbatch with the following composition was prepared:
  • Butadiene / styrene core and a methyl methacrylate shell (Techpolymer 0 MBX 5 from Sekisui) with a particle size of 2 to 15 microns and an average particle size of 8 microns.
  • the equipment used for the production of the films consists of
  • a main extruder with a screw of 105 mm diameter (D) and a length of 4IxD; the screw has a degassing zone;
  • the granules of the light-scattering material were fed to the hopper of the main extruder.
  • the plasticizing cylinder / screw of the extruder the melting and conveying of the material took place.
  • the molten material was fed to the smoothing calender whose rolls had the temperature given in the table below.
  • On the smoothing calender (consisting of three rolls) was the final shaping and cooling of the film.
  • the structuring The rubber roller used in the film surface is disclosed in U.S. 4,368,240 to Nauta Roll Corporation.
  • the film was transported through a trigger. After that, a protective film. be applied on both sides of PE and carried out a winding of the film.
  • the following light-scattering composition was fed to the main extruder:
  • & is the intermediate angle between a beam incident on the scattering film and this beam after scattering.
  • a transmission scattering film 3 is formed between the (imaginary) continuation of the incident beam on the exit side and the outgoing beam.
  • the scattering anisotropy factor g (g-factor) describes the scattering properties of the scattering film. This g-factor is between -1 and 1, where a value of -1 mirror-like backscatter, a value of ⁇ 0 isotropic scattering and a value of 1 does not correspond to a change in the beam path. g-factors greater than 0 indicate forward scattering. The g-factor is experimentally accessible.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ ' here denote the angle of the incident radiation and the angle of the scattered Radiation relative to the respective surface normal, where & is determined by the difference of these angles.
  • the suitable selection of a scattering film which is mixed with scattering particles and preferably has a scattering structure on a film surface, can have a considerable influence on the maximum gain to be achieved for the radiation power coupled out of the component relative to a corresponding component without scattering film.
  • the scattering film 8, in particular with respect to the component is formed such that the g-factor is between 0.3 inclusive and 0.9 inclusive, more preferably between 0.5 and 0.7 inclusive.
  • FIG. 4 graphically shows the results of a simulation calculation relating thereto.
  • Various g-factors were assumed for the scattering film. It became the dependence of the increase in coupled radiation power on the proportion of scattering particles of a given type in weight percent for a scattering film determined a predetermined thickness. For the different g-factors, the growth has a pronounced maximum.
  • the scattering film is formed for a given component such that the gain is close to or at the maximum.
  • FIG. 5 shows measurement results for the dependence of the increase in coupled-radiation power of the 'by number of scattering particles in the volume per unit area in plan view of the film for scattering particles of a given type, and optionally a predetermined scattering structure of the film.
  • the absolute number of particles in volume, per. Unit surface in a plan view of the film in a film are each chosen such that the increase in the range of the maximum achievable gain or the gain is equal to the maximum achievable increase.
  • the number of particles can be varied in particular the frequency of scattering events in the film.
  • the thickness of the scattering film can be varied for a given particle size (distribution).
  • the particle number density in the film is expediently. designed such that the growth is optimal.
  • FIG. 6 shows the dependence of the increase in decoupled radiation power on the observation angle for an OLED which has been provided with a 300 ⁇ m thick polymer scattering film as coupling-out layer.
  • the observation angle was measured relative to the surface normal of the decoupling surface of the scattering film.
  • a white light emitting device was used as the organic radiation emitting device.
  • the increase in the measured angular range is always over twenty percent and. has a maximum at about 43 percent.
  • the average increase is about 35 percent.
  • the component with the scattering foil has a substantially unchanged emission characteristic compared to a corresponding component without scattering foil.
  • the emission characteristic at least • in the range between 0 ° and 70 ° essentially corresponds to that of a Lambertian radiator and thus runs cosinusoidal (cf. FIG. 7).
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show, for OLEDs with different radiation-generating polymers, the gains achieved by means of the scattering film at different operating currents I for two components of different types. In each case OLEDs were used with visible light emitting polymers. In FIG. 9A, a field emitting in the yellow spectral range was . Material and in Figure 9B, a white light-emitting material was examined.
  • the specific light emission in lm / (m 2 ) was measured with and without scattering foil for otherwise identical components (columns: max., Min. And center). Under the respective measured values, the respective increase compared to the comparative component is given in percent.
  • the individual columns show the maximum (max.) And minimum (min.) Specific light emission and the specific light emission in the central area of the decoupling area (center) as well as the average specific light emission or the corresponding increase.
  • the invention is not limited by the description with reference to the embodiments. Rather, the invention encompasses any novel feature as well as any combination of features, including in particular any combination of features in the claims, even if this feature or combination itself is not explicitly stated in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un composant émetteur de rayonnement organique (1) comprenant une couche organique (2) servant à produire un rayonnement et une face de sortie de rayonnement. La face de sortie de rayonnement du composant comporte une feuille de dispersion (8) connectée au composant.
EP07785590A 2006-07-31 2007-07-04 Composant émetteur de rayonnement Ceased EP2047537A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006035628 2006-07-31
DE102006059129A DE102006059129A1 (de) 2006-07-31 2006-12-14 Strahlungsemittierendes Bauelement
PCT/DE2007/001180 WO2008014739A2 (fr) 2006-07-31 2007-07-04 Composant émetteur de rayonnement

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EP2047537A2 true EP2047537A2 (fr) 2009-04-15

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EP07785590A Ceased EP2047537A2 (fr) 2006-07-31 2007-07-04 Composant émetteur de rayonnement

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US (1) US20090311512A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2047537A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006059129A1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI524571B (fr)
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TW200814391A (en) 2008-03-16
DE102006059129A1 (de) 2008-02-07
WO2008014739A3 (fr) 2008-05-08
US20090311512A1 (en) 2009-12-17
WO2008014739A2 (fr) 2008-02-07

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