EP2047118B1 - Procédé de localisation de défaut et de diagnostic d'une installation fluidique - Google Patents
Procédé de localisation de défaut et de diagnostic d'une installation fluidique Download PDFInfo
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- EP2047118B1 EP2047118B1 EP07703456A EP07703456A EP2047118B1 EP 2047118 B1 EP2047118 B1 EP 2047118B1 EP 07703456 A EP07703456 A EP 07703456A EP 07703456 A EP07703456 A EP 07703456A EP 2047118 B1 EP2047118 B1 EP 2047118B1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002023 somite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B19/00—Testing; Calibrating; Fault detection or monitoring; Simulation or modelling of fluid-pressure systems or apparatus not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B19/00—Testing; Calibrating; Fault detection or monitoring; Simulation or modelling of fluid-pressure systems or apparatus not otherwise provided for
- F15B19/005—Fault detection or monitoring
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for defect limitation and diagnosis on a fluidic system according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a method is known DE 10 2005 016 786 known.
- the air consumption curve is evaluated for error localization.
- the air consumption curve is evaluated for error localization.
- the time of the deviation on the faulty subsystem (for example valve actuator unit) or the faulty component is concluded from the time of the deviation on the faulty subsystem (for example valve actuator unit) or the faulty component.
- Such errors which can occur in fluidic systems, have their causes, for example, in the wear of the components, in improper mounting, loose fittings, porous hoses, process disturbances and the like, resulting in the movements of the fluidic drives outer, and other leaks of various kinds.
- diagnostic errors due to the change of certain boundary conditions, such as pressure and temperature avoid this document mentions the possible correction of air consumption with pressure and temperature.
- in large fluidic systems in which a plurality of subsystems are sometimes active simultaneously, can not be determined with the known method, which of these components is faulty.
- An object of the present invention is thus to improve the method of the type mentioned so that even with simultaneously active components and subsystems, an error, in particular a leak, can be unambiguously associated with a particular component or a particular subsystem.
- the leakage location can be delimited stepwise in an advantageous manner, so that the fault location can be determined in a simple manner even with a large number of simultaneously active components or subsystems.
- This is all the more a special advantage, as a strictly sequential sequence in fluidic systems, especially in large fluidic systems, is relatively rare.
- Another advantage is that only the Aktorstellsignale and a volume flow sensor for determining the leakage location are required, that is, limit switches to actuators are not mandatory.
- the stored references are fluid consumption reference curves formed from integrated volume flow values or conductance reference curves formed from integrated conductivity values (Q / P), which are compared with corresponding measured-value curves.
- a plurality of parameter-dependent or parameter-dependent compensated fluid consumption reference curves or conductance reference curves are stored in a selection matrix and can be selected or specified for the respective cycle, for example, by checking them successively for correlation with the respective work cycle.
- the reference curves are expediently detected in a learning mode, in particular also during the later operation of the fluidic system.
- a curve comparison with respect to possible temporal displacements is preferably carried out before the diagnosis of leakage, with a tolerance value exceeding time shift is switched to other stored reference curves for their verification or an error message and / or a stop of another leakage diagnosis is triggered.
- differential values or a difference curve between the measured variable curve and the reference curve are formed for particularly advantageous evaluation.
- This difference curve is expediently filtered in a frequency-dependent manner by means of an integrator, which in particular has a phase shift of -90 ° in order to filter out interference signals and interference peaks.
- a filtered compensation curve is then formed by calculating the slope of the integral of the difference values or the difference curve, which then enables a particularly simple, purposeful evaluation.
- FIG. 1 a pneumatic system is shown schematically, which could in principle also be another fluidic system, such as a hydraulic system, act.
- the pneumatic system consists of five subsystems 10-14 or components, which may each be actuators, such as valves, cylinders, linear actuators and the like, as well as combinations of the same. These subsystems 10-14 are fed by a pressure source 15, wherein in a common supply line 16, a flow meter 17 for measuring the flow or the flow rate is arranged.
- An electronic control device 18 is used to specify the process of the system and is electrically connected to the subsystems 10-14 via corresponding control lines.
- the subsystems 10-14 receive control signals from the electronic control device 18 and send sensor signals back to them.
- sensor signals are for example position signals, limit switch signals, pressure signals, temperature signals and the like, which are not absolutely necessary in the simplest case.
- the flowmeter 17 is connected to an electronic diagnostic device 19, in addition to the signals of a temperature sensor 20 and a pressure sensor 21 for measuring the temperature T and the pressure P in the supply line 16, ie the temperature and the pressure of the fluid supplied. Furthermore, a fluid sensor 23 for detecting the kind the fluid used and a moisture and / or particle sensor 24 for detecting the moisture content and the particle content of the fluid connected to the diagnostic device 19. This has in addition access to the sequence program of the electronic control device 18. The diagnostic results are supplied to a display 22, these diagnostic results of course also stored, printed, visually and / or audibly displayed or a central office via lines or wirelessly can be transmitted.
- the sensors 20, 21 and 23 and 24 may also be omitted in a simplest embodiment, although at least one temperature sensor 20 and one pressure sensor 21 may be expediently provided.
- the diagnostic device 19 can also be integrated in the electronic control device 18, which may contain, for example, a microcontroller for carrying out the sequence program and optionally for diagnosis.
- each group has its own flow meter 17 to independently diagnose the subregions of the system associated with the groups, as described in the prior art mentioned above.
- the diagnosis can be made in the simplest case by comparing stored and selected fluid consumption reference curves be carried out with corresponding measured value curves, wherein the fluid consumption reference curves are formed from integrated or totalized volumetric flow values.
- diagnostic control values where the diagnostic control value is a characteristic variable of a fluidic system or of a fluidic system that consists of a variety of subsystems.
- the conductance characterizes the behavior of the entire system over a defined cycle.
- Conductance reference curves are formed in the simplest case of integrated conductivity values Q / P, where Q is the respective volume flow value and P is the measured working pressure. These conductance reference curves are compared with corresponding measured value curves, ie with measured value curves formed from integrated conductance variables.
- the Leitwertiere essentialn or Leitwertkurven and Leitwert-reference curves can be compensated and refined by other measurement parameters, for example by the measured operating temperature T, the moisture content and / or the particle content of the fluid, the type of fluid and of each time or event-dependent operating conditions.
- Such operating states are, for example, the warm-up, the operation after a long standstill, the reclosure when retrofitting or the operation after predetermined time intervals, so for example after a one-hour or ten-hour or several hours of operation.
- the following discussion of fault isolation and diagnosis is based on conductance, and fluid consumption values could be used accordingly.
- Non-cyclic processes can be subdivided into subcycles, to which the diagnostic procedure is then applied.
- Different operating conditions in a process can be considered by taking and storing a set of reference curves in a selection matrix. This also applies to the influence of different parameters.
- the respective measured curve must now be synchronized with the selected or selected reference curve, that is, without leakage, the two curves are congruent, with leakage they run synchronously in time, but show deviations in the amplitude.
- the two curves to be compared must therefore first be checked for correlation, that is, it must be checked whether temporal shifts have occurred, for example due to changes in processes within a cycle. If temporal shifts have been detected over a defined tolerance, the further evaluation of leaks is stopped and a message regarding changes in the times of subsystems is generated. A time error is detected when the value of the air consumption at the end of the cycle is within a tolerance range, but the cycle time is different, as in FIG. 2 is shown.
- the two curves run synchronously until the time ta, and from this point on a time difference ⁇ t occurs between the curve Km and the reference curve Kref, which remains constant until the end of the cycle at the point in time tb. If a time error increases more and more as the cycle progresses, an attempt can be made to correlate by choosing another reference curve. Only when all stored reference curves have been checked and no correlation could be achieved, is there a faulty time shift, and a subsequent leak diagnosis is omitted. A corresponding message can then be displayed, saved or forwarded.
- the formed difference curve which in FIG. 3 , shown below, defines at each instant the summed distance of the measured quantity curve from the reference curve.
- the time points of leaks show the staircase increases in the difference. In the following evaluations, these increases in the difference are assigned to the leak-causing subsystems or components or actuator chambers.
- the calculated difference or difference curve can be filtered.
- the change in the phase position and the amplitude is frequency-dependent.
- an integrator is used, which has a fixed phase shift of -90 °. Thus, no different phase shift is to be considered in the later evaluation of the signals.
- the amplitude response can be adjusted by changing the sampling time so that there is a constant attenuation of the amplitude in the desired frequency range, while other frequencies are filtered.
- a compensation function of the integral of the calculated difference is subsequently formed.
- the choice of the corresponding compensation function can be made according to the Gaussian least squares principle. It must be determined which curve best suits the calculated measurement points of the difference.
- a compensation straight line is selected as the simplest possibility of a compensation function. Of course, other compensation functions are possible. Any occurring leakage leads to a change in the slope and the center distance of the regression line to the abscissa.
- determining the slope from the integral of the difference a representation is obtained which corresponds to that in FIG. 3 shown difference curve, but is phase-shifted by minus 90 °.
- the center distance from the integral of the difference there is also a representation that corresponds to the in FIG.
- leakage would occur only at time t0, to which chamber A of subsystem 10, chamber B of subsystem 11, and chamber A of subsystem 12 are vented, and subsequently at a later time Chamber B of subsystem 11 and chamber A of subsystem 12 vented while chamber A of subsystem 10 is not involved, and then leakage does not occur, then chamber B of subsystem 11 and chamber A of subsystem 12 may be causative Components are excluded, and it can then finally the chamber A of the subsystem 10 are recognized as causing leakage.
- a particularly suitable type of evaluation in particular in the case of a very large number of subsystems or components, is that each chamber of an actuator, that is, for example, two chambers in a working cylinder, are each assigned two counters. Furthermore, each chamber is assigned a timer. The timer is used to exclude additional actuator chambers or components from the consideration of a leak. If a chamber or a component is under pressure and no leakage occurs within a preselected time value of the timer, then this chamber is also treated as not involved in the leakage and excluded for further leak detection.
- the electrical components, ie counters and timers are located, for example, in the diagnostic device 19.
- the timers When starting an operating cycle, the timers are now started, and when a leak occurs, they are each reset to the value zero and there until the end kept the leakage. Now, if the chamber in question during the reset state of the timer or at least during a part of the reset state under pressure, this chamber comes as responsible for the leakage into consideration, and it is checked whether the slope and the center distance of the straight line or other Compensation function has increased by a predeterminable value or by a predefinable percentage (based, for example, on the respective maximum value of or one of the preceding cycles). In this case, the counter responsible for the grade and / or the counter associated with the offset will be incremented by the value 1.
- the associated counters are incremented by a further counter value, depending on the increase in the slope and / or the center distance.
- the counts of both counters of a chamber or component are added together at the end of the cycle.
- the chamber with the highest total count at the end of an operating cycle is most likely to be responsible for the leakage.
- the chamber or component with the second highest total count is involved in the leakage with the second highest probability. This is important if several leaks occur in the system.
- a single timer may be provided for all chambers or components, each reset to zero during the occurrence of a leak and held there during the occurrence of the leakage. During this period, it is then checked which chambers or which components are active, that is to say are pressurized.
Claims (14)
- Procédé pour la délimitation des défauts et le diagnostic sur une installation fluidique, selon lequel le débit volumétrique fluidique dans l'ensemble de l'installation ou dans au moins une partie de celle-ci ou une grandeur dépendant de celui-ci, en tant que grandeur de mesure, sont enregistrés respectivement pendant un cycle de fonctionnement et sont comparés à des références stockées en mémoire, et selon lequel respectivement à l'instant d'une divergence ou modification de la divergence par rapport à la référence, il est constaté sur quel composant ou sur quels composants de l'installation s'est produit un processus influant sur la consommation de fluide, afin d'identifier ensuite celui-ci comme composant défectueux, un procédé d'exclusion étant mis en oeuvre en présence d'une telle divergence ou modification de la divergence et d'une apparition simultanée de plusieurs activités, influant sur la consommation de fluide, de plusieurs composants (10- 14), lequel procédé d'exclusion, en présence d'activités consécutives auxquelles participe au moins un de ces composants (10 - 14), contrôle dans des étapes de contrôle supplémentaires si une divergence ou modification de la divergence s'est produite à nouveau et dans chacune de ces étapes de contrôle supplémentaires, les composants participants sont exclus respectivement du contrôle suivant en tant que composants non défectueux lorsque aucune divergence ou modification de la divergence ne se produit, les références stockées en mémoire étant des courbes de référence de la consommation de fluide formées à partir de valeurs (Q) du débit volumétrique intégrées ou des courbes de référence de valeur repère formées à partir des grandeurs de valeur repère (Q/P) intégrées, P étant la pression de travail mesurée, lesquelles courbes sont comparées à des courbes de grandeurs de mesure correspondantes, caractérisé en ce que dans chacune des étapes de contrôle supplémentaires, dans le cas d'une divergence ou modification de divergence se produisant à nouveau, les composants ne participant pas activement à cet instant sont exclus du contrôle consécutif, en tant que composants non défectueux.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs de débit volumétrique (Q) ou les grandeurs de valeur repère (Q/P) sont compensées en fonction des paramètres, en particulier en fonction de la température et/ou en fonction du fluide et/ou en fonction de l'humidité et/ou en fonction de la teneur en particules du fluide et/ou en fonction du temps ou de l'événement pour les différents états de fonctionnement.
- Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs courbes de référence de la consommation de fluide ou courbes de référence de valeur repère en fonction de paramètres donnés sont stockées dans une matrice de sélection.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les courbes de référence sont enregistrées en mode adaptatif, en particulier aussi au cours du fonctionnement ultérieur de l'installation fluidique.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'avant le diagnostic destiné à détecter une fuite, il est effectué une comparaison des courbes pour analyser les éventuels décalages dans le temps, et lorsqu'un décalage dans le temps est supérieur à une valeur de tolérance, le contrôle est appliqué à d'autres courbes de référence stockées en mémoire ou un message d'erreur et/ou un arrêt d'un diagnostic de fuite supplémentaire sont déclenchés.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pour le diagnostic d'une fuite, des valeurs de différence ou une courbe de différence (ΔK) entre la courbe des grandeurs de mesure (Km) et la courbe de référence (Kref) sont formées.
- Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la courbe de différence (ΔK) est filtrée en fonction de la fréquence au moyen d'un intégrateur, qui présente en particulier un décalage de phase de -90°.
- Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est formé une fonction d'équilibre de l'intégrale des valeurs de différence calculées ou de la courbe de différence, laquelle coïncide le mieux avec les points de mesure calculés de la différence.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la fonction d'équilibre est calculée selon le principe de Gauss des moindres carrés.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pendant la durée d'une divergence ou modification de divergence, un relais temporisateur est mis à une valeur prédéfinissable et une comparaison est effectuée pour déterminer quel composant ou quels composants étaient actifs pendant au moins un intervalle de temps pendant cette durée.
- Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'à chaque composant (10 - 14) ou à chaque chambre d'un composant est associé au moins un compteur, dont la position est incrémentée respectivement d'une valeur numérique lorsque le composant (10 - 14) ou la chambre du composant est sous pression pendant au moins un intervalle de temps pendant la présence de la valeur appliquée au relais temporisateur.
- Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'à chaque composant ou à chaque chambre est associé un compteur de pente, dont la position de compteur est incrémentée dans chaque cas seulement lorsque la pente de la fonction d'équilibre est incrémentée d'au moins une valeur ou d'un pourcentage prédéfinissables pendant la présence de la valeur appliquée au relais temporisateur ou de l'état actif de ce composant ou de cette chambre pendant la présence de cette valeur appliquée.
- Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce qu'à chaque composant ou à chaque chambre est associé un compteur d'entraxe, dont la position de compteur est incrémentée dans chaque cas seulement lorsque l'entraxe de la fonction d'équilibre est incrémenté d'au moins une valeur ou d'un pourcentage prédéfinissables pendant la présence de la valeur appliquée au relais temporisateur ou de l'état actif de ce composant ou de cette chambre pendant la présence de cette valeur appliquée.
- Procédé selon les revendications 12 et 13, caractérisé en ce qu'à la fin d'un cycle de fonctionnement, les positions du compteur de pente et du compteur d'entraxe sont additionnées pour chaque composant ou chaque chambre d'un composant, la position de compteur totale la plus élevée ou les positions de compteur totales les plus élevées sont évaluées comme la plus grande probabilité de fuite pour le composant concerné ou la chambre concernée d'un composant.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2007/001269 WO2008098589A1 (fr) | 2007-02-14 | 2007-02-14 | Procédé de localisation de défaut et de diagnostic d'une installation fluidique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2047118A1 EP2047118A1 (fr) | 2009-04-15 |
EP2047118B1 true EP2047118B1 (fr) | 2011-10-19 |
Family
ID=38544143
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07703456A Active EP2047118B1 (fr) | 2007-02-14 | 2007-02-14 | Procédé de localisation de défaut et de diagnostic d'une installation fluidique |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7917325B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2047118B1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20100014067A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101427033A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE529643T1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW200846275A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008098589A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011012558B3 (de) * | 2011-02-26 | 2012-07-12 | Festo Ag & Co. Kg | Druckluft-Wartungsgerät und damit ausgestattete Verbrauchersteuervorrichtung |
CN102606559B (zh) * | 2012-02-22 | 2016-01-20 | 安徽金达利液压有限公司 | 液压故障检测仪 |
CN106576060B (zh) * | 2014-03-11 | 2020-03-24 | 英国气体贸易有限公司 | 用于确定家用流体加热系统的操作状态的方法、设备和装置 |
DE102014016820A1 (de) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-05-19 | Abb Technology Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Durchflussmessers |
FI128394B (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2020-04-30 | Hydroline Oy | Monitoring device and method for determining the condition of a pressure medium device |
EP3243608B1 (fr) * | 2016-05-09 | 2022-04-06 | J. Schmalz GmbH | Procede de surveillance des etats de fonctionnement d'un actionneur commande par pression et actionneur commande par pression |
DE102017221723A1 (de) | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-06 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bremsanlage für Kraftfahrzeuge sowie Bremsanlage |
EP3699498A1 (fr) * | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-26 | E.ON Sverige AB | Procédé et appareil permettant de déterminer une déviation dans un circuit d'énergie thermique |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3870814B2 (ja) | 2002-03-29 | 2007-01-24 | 株式会社デンソー | 圧縮エア監視システム |
DE502004005786D1 (de) | 2003-07-28 | 2008-02-07 | Wabco Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erkennen eines defektes oder ausfalls eines druckluftverbraucherkreises in einer elektronischen druckluftanlage für fahrzeuge |
US7031850B2 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2006-04-18 | Festo Ag & Co. Kg | Method and apparatus for diagnosing leakage in a fluid power system |
CN1973136B (zh) * | 2004-04-16 | 2014-09-24 | 费斯托股份有限两合公司 | 在流体装置中进行故障定位和诊断的方法 |
WO2005111453A1 (fr) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-24 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Actionneur d'embrayage de transmission automatique |
-
2007
- 2007-02-14 EP EP07703456A patent/EP2047118B1/fr active Active
- 2007-02-14 KR KR1020087022800A patent/KR20100014067A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-02-14 WO PCT/EP2007/001269 patent/WO2008098589A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-02-14 US US12/085,341 patent/US7917325B2/en active Active
- 2007-02-14 CN CNA2007800134396A patent/CN101427033A/zh active Pending
- 2007-02-14 AT AT07703456T patent/ATE529643T1/de active
-
2008
- 2008-02-12 TW TW097104879A patent/TW200846275A/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008098589A1 (fr) | 2008-08-21 |
TW200846275A (en) | 2008-12-01 |
US7917325B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 |
ATE529643T1 (de) | 2011-11-15 |
CN101427033A (zh) | 2009-05-06 |
KR20100014067A (ko) | 2010-02-10 |
US20100153026A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
EP2047118A1 (fr) | 2009-04-15 |
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