EP2036690A1 - Comminuting apparatus for producing calibrated wood particles - Google Patents

Comminuting apparatus for producing calibrated wood particles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2036690A1
EP2036690A1 EP08290853A EP08290853A EP2036690A1 EP 2036690 A1 EP2036690 A1 EP 2036690A1 EP 08290853 A EP08290853 A EP 08290853A EP 08290853 A EP08290853 A EP 08290853A EP 2036690 A1 EP2036690 A1 EP 2036690A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
side wall
housing
chamber
wall
disk
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EP08290853A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Michel Bugnot
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/02—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood shavings or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing branches of chips, chips or particles whose dimensional qualities are acceptable for fuel use (domestic or industrial boilers).
  • the particles from these machines are of variable size, especially with regard to disk machines. Indeed, in the latter case, the detached particles of the branch through the disk and are propelled into a discharge chute by a fan which is mainly constituted by fins integral with the rear face of the disk. It is therefore not uncommon for the endings of the branches thus cross the disc without having been cut despite a length much greater than the largest dimension of a chip. These too long particles are not adapted to the destination as the wood fuel thus treated and lead to the disqualification of production for this application.
  • the present invention is an apparatus for forming disc-type wood chips in which the cutting means are arranged so that no particle has a dimension greater than those imposed by the destination of the chips as a fuel and this, without to sacrifice the performance of the machine nor to impose an overpower on it which would place it unfavorably in competition with the drum machines.
  • a plant crusher for the production of platelets or calibrated wood particles presenting itself as a conventional disk mill, in the form of a housing closed by a front wall, a bottom wall and a substantially cylindrical side wall.
  • the front wall has an inlet opening of the wood to be treated lined with at least one fixed blade, and the side wall has an outlet opening of the wafers or particles.
  • the bottom wall is traversed by a motor shaft.
  • the distance separating the side wall of the shredding chamber from the casing side wall defines the maximum size of the particles.
  • the calibration chamber is scanned by at least one cutting finger secured to the periphery of the disk so that a long particle is blocked across the calibration chamber and is sheared at the passage of the cutting finger. This finger also plays the role of a scraper discharging the particles of the calibration chamber towards the chamber of the blower.
  • the mill of the invention therefore comprises a housing 1, delimited by a front wall 2, a rear wall or floor 3 and a side wall or peripheral 4 substantially cylindrical.
  • the front wall is provided with an opening 5 comprising here a fixed blade or counter blade 6a substantially horizontal and a fixed blade or against blade 6b substantially vertical. Through this opening is introduced the end of the branch to reduce chips. Under the cutting force, this branch tends to stall in the angle formed by the two against blades.
  • the bottom wall 3 of the housing is traversed by a drive shaft 7 and a bearing 8 is provided for this purpose.
  • This wall is also provided with louvers 9 which form air inlet openings inside the housing.
  • the side wall 4 of the housing has an outlet opening 10 located in such a way that the conduit 11 which extends it forms a tube which escapes from the housing tangentially to the wall 4 of the latter.
  • a disc 12 is rotatably mounted in the direction of the arrow A of the figures, fixed on the drive shaft 7 itself supported by the bearing 8.
  • the diameter of this disc is less than the inner one of the side wall 4 of the housing for the reasons that will be explained below.
  • the front face of the disk that is to say that 12a turned towards the front wall 2 of the housing, carries a cutting tool 13 constituted by a base 13a fixed by any suitable means to the surface of the disk which forms the support of several cutting pads 13b, reported on this base by screws 13c front access.
  • the cutting inserts extend along a substantially spiral curve from the vicinity of the center of the disc to the periphery thereof. The plane swept by these pads is immediately behind the plane that contains the back edge of the blades. It is understood that the wood introduced into the opening 5 (window) is nibbled (shredded) at each passage of a line of cutting inserts 13b.
  • the plates 13b will be arranged so that the surface swept by the cutting edge of one of them overlapping with the surface swept by the cutting edge of the wafer or neighboring wafers.
  • the circle on which the innermost end of a cutting edge travels is of smaller radius than the circle traversed by the outermost end of the cutting edge of the plate which is adjacent thereto. side of the center of the disc.
  • the base 13 thus has, in the case illustrated by the attached figures, two rows of cutting inserts. At the end of each of these lines, the base has another cutting tool 13d, also in the form of inserts plate, whose attachment to the base is formed by screws 13th radial access. The surface swept by the cutting edge of these plates is of diameter equal to that of the disk.
  • the thickness of the base 13 defines the axial dimension (in the direction of the axis 7) of a shredding chamber (nibbling) delimited in the casing 1 by the front wall 2 of the latter, by the disk 12 and by a side wall secured to the front wall and shown in FIG. the figure 6 .
  • the front wall 2 is in two parts: a fixed lower portion 2a, integral with the side wall 4 of the housing and an upper portion 2b shaped like a hinged door around a hinge 2c.
  • the window 5 is reduced to a cut of the door 2b while the against blades 6a and 6b are carried by the fixed portion 2a of the front wall.
  • the side wall of the shredding chamber is, because of this construction of the front wall 2 in two portions: a portion 14a secured to the door 2b on its inner face and a portion 14b carried internally by the fixed portion 2a of the wall 2.
  • this wall 14a, 14b continues when the door is closed, constitutes the envelope of the volume swept by the base 13 and the tools 13b and 13d which it is equipped with, during the rotation of the disk 12.
  • the portion 14b of this wall is provided with a plurality of perforations 15 opposite the wall 4 of the housing while the portion 14a of this wall is devoid of it, at least in the zone where it is opposite the outlet opening 10 of the housing .
  • the distance d ( figure 6 ) which radially separates the walls 4 and 14 (a and b) defines a maximum particle size engaged in a perforation 15 and abutting the wall 4.
  • This annular space of thickness d is called the calibration chamber.
  • the disk 12 is also equipped with at least one (here two) cutting finger 16 (a and b) which, from the periphery of the disk, extends perpendicular to the latter in the calibration chamber, immediately at the -above of the wall 14a and b. It acts as a secondary knife to intersect the long particles engaged in the perforations 15 and as a sweeping finger of this calibration chamber.
  • the axial length of this finger is substantially equal to the total thickness of the base 13 and the tools it carries.
  • the disk 12 carries on its face 12b turned towards the bottom wall 3 of the casing a series of fins 17 which constitute the blades of a blower whose enclosure (blower chamber) is limited by the disc 12, the rear wall 3 and the side wall 4 of the housing for its part extending beyond the wall 14a and b.
  • the flow of air generated by these blades 15 enters the blower chamber through the openings 9 of the bottom wall of the casing and leaves this chamber through the outlet opening 10 by driving the wood particles that come from the chamber shredding through the wall 14a and b. It is understood that the air flow is not hindered by any obstacle such as a comb or sieve, the calibration of the particles having been performed upstream of the creation of this pneumatic particle transport stream.
  • the wood introduced through the window 5 is reduced to particles by the tools 13b in the chipping chamber.
  • the particles do not pass through the disc to reach the blower. Their path is thus controlled so that they can be calibrated effectively upstream of their pneumatic extraction.
  • the particles whose size is smaller, on the one hand to the diameter of the perforations 15 of the wall 14b and, on the other hand, to the thickness d of the calibration chamber, pass directly through this wall into the chamber. blower where they are driven by the flow of air. Particles that are too large are plated on this wall 14a and b where they are cut or re-shredded by the knife 16a and b to penetrate the perforations 15.
  • the finger 16 comes shear them to a good size.
  • the wall 14a is full opposite and on either side of this opening about 120 to 150 degrees.
  • the crusher according to the invention may have a wall 14 a, 14 b, removably fixed to the casing 2 so that the user can remove it. He then has an ordinary mill that he can use for the sole purpose of a reduction of a plant material without calibration constraints. The mill of the invention can thus be used more cost-effectively.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)

Abstract

The shedder has a case that is divided into a shredding chamber and a blower chamber, where the case is closed by a front wall, a base wall and a side wall (4). A front face of a disk is turned towards the front wall of the case. The blower chamber has particles propulsion blades integrated to a rear face of the disk, where the blower chamber is defined by the face, base wall and side wall of the case. A particles calibrating chamber is opened on the blower chamber at right of the disk.

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil pour réduire des branches en copeaux, plaquettes ou particules dont les qualités dimensionnelles sont acceptables pour un usage de combustible (chaudières domestiques ou industrielles).The present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing branches of chips, chips or particles whose dimensional qualities are acceptable for fuel use (domestic or industrial boilers).

ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

L'état de la technique dans ce domaine est constitué par deux types de matériels :

  • les appareils à tambour destinés à la découpe ou au déchiquetage des branches de diamètre important, typiquement supérieur à 350 millimètres, (voir WO 9413442 par exemple)
  • les appareils à disque pour traiter les branches de diamètre plus petit.
The state of the art in this field consists of two types of equipment:
  • drum machines intended for cutting or shredding branches of large diameter, typically greater than 350 millimeters, (see WO 9413442 for example)
  • disc machines to treat branches of smaller diameter.

Les particules issues de ces machines sont de taille variable, surtout pour ce qui concerne les machines à disque. En effet, dans ce dernier cas, les particules détachées de la branche traversent le disque et sont propulsées dans une goulotte de décharge par un ventilateur qui est principalement constitué par des ailettes solidaires de la face arrière du disque. Il n'est donc pas rare que les terminaisons des branchages traversent ainsi le disque sans avoir été coupées malgré une longueur bien supérieure à la plus grande dimension d'un copeau. Ces particules trop longues ne sont pas adaptées à la destination à titre de combustible du bois ainsi traité et conduisent à la disqualification de la production pour cette application.The particles from these machines are of variable size, especially with regard to disk machines. Indeed, in the latter case, the detached particles of the branch through the disk and are propelled into a discharge chute by a fan which is mainly constituted by fins integral with the rear face of the disk. It is therefore not uncommon for the endings of the branches thus cross the disc without having been cut despite a length much greater than the largest dimension of a chip. These too long particles are not adapted to the destination as the wood fuel thus treated and lead to the disqualification of production for this application.

On a tenté de remédier à ce problème en modifiant les appareils à disque pour adjoindre au ventilateur un tamis qui retient les particules les plus longues dans la chambre de propulsion où les ailettes de soufflage sont conformée en couteaux secondaires ou jouent le rôle de couteaux secondaires. Cette technique est représentée dans le document DE 20 2007 002 423U .An attempt has been made to remedy this problem by modifying the disk apparatus to add to the fan a sieve which retains the longest particles in the propulsion chamber where the blast fins are shaped as secondary knives or act as secondary knives. This technique is represented in the document DE 20 2007 002 423U .

On a constaté à l'usage une amélioration dans l'homogénéité des dimensions des particules en sortie de machine mais au prix d'une diminution importante de la puissance d'éjection de ces particules, le tamis étant très rapidement obstrué et constituant une perte de charge considérable à l'écoulement de l'air chargé de copeaux.It has been found in use an improvement in the homogeneity of the dimensions of the particles at the output of the machine but at the cost of a significant decrease in the ejection power of these particles, the screen being very quickly obstructed and constituting a considerable loss of pressure to the flow of air loaded with chips.

OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention est un appareil à former des copeaux de bois du genre à disque dans lequel les moyens de coupe sont agencés pour qu'aucune particule ne présente une dimension supérieure à celles imposées par la destination des copeaux en tant que combustible et ce, sans sacrifier les performances de la machine ni imposer une surpuissance à celle-ci qui la placerait défavorablement en concurrence avec les machines à tambour.The present invention is an apparatus for forming disc-type wood chips in which the cutting means are arranged so that no particle has a dimension greater than those imposed by the destination of the chips as a fuel and this, without to sacrifice the performance of the machine nor to impose an overpower on it which would place it unfavorably in competition with the drum machines.

A cet effet elle a pour objet un broyeur de végétaux pour la production de plaquettes ou particules de bois calibrées, se présentant comme un broyeur classique à disque, sous la forme d'un carter fermé par une paroi frontale, une paroi de fond et une paroi latérale sensiblement cylindrique. La paroi frontale comporte une ouverture d'entrée du bois à traiter bordée d'au moins une lame fixe, et la paroi latérale comporte une ouverture de sortie des plaquettes ou particules. La paroi de fond est traversée par un arbre moteur.For this purpose it relates to a plant crusher for the production of platelets or calibrated wood particles, presenting itself as a conventional disk mill, in the form of a housing closed by a front wall, a bottom wall and a substantially cylindrical side wall. The front wall has an inlet opening of the wood to be treated lined with at least one fixed blade, and the side wall has an outlet opening of the wafers or particles. The bottom wall is traversed by a motor shaft.

Selon l'invention, le carter est divisé en :

  • une chambre de déchiquetage limitée par la paroi frontale, par un disque plein logé dans le carter et porteur d'outils en relief sur sa face tournée vers la paroi frontale de manière que ces outils croisent la lame fixe lors de la rotation du disque dans le carter et par une paroi latérale formant enveloppe du volume balayé par les outils lors de la rotation du disque et perforée sur au moins une portion de sa périphérie, cette paroi latérale étant située à distance de la paroi latérale du carter pour définir entre elles une chambre de calibrage des particules et
  • une chambre de soufflerie contenant des ailettes de propulsion des particules solidaires de l'autre face du disque, limitée par cette autre face du disque, ladite paroi de fond du carter et ladite paroi latérale du carter, la chambre de calibrage s'ouvrant sur la chambre de soufflerie au droit du disque.
According to the invention, the housing is divided into:
  • a shredding chamber limited by the front wall, by a solid disk housed in the housing and carrying tools in relief on its face facing the front wall so that these tools cross the fixed blade during the rotation of the disk in the housing and by a side wall forming the volume swept by the tools during the rotation of the disk and perforated on at least a portion of its periphery, this side wall being located at a distance from the side wall of the housing to define between them a chamber of particle calibration and
  • a blower chamber containing fins for propelling the particles integral with the other face of the disk, bounded by this other face of the disk, said bottom wall of the casing and said side wall of the casing, the calibration chamber opening on the blower room to the right of the disc.

On comprend que dans cette architecture, la création du flux pneumatique de transport des particules est en aval de du calibrage de ces dernières et ce calibrage par un tamis (paroi perforée) ne peut pas constituer une perte de charge pour ce flux d'air, d'où une puissance de la machine optimisée.It is understood that in this architecture, the creation of the pneumatic particle transport stream is downstream of the calibration of the latter and this sieve calibration (perforated wall) can not constitute a pressure drop for this air flow, hence an optimized machine power.

La distance séparant la paroi latérale de la chambre de déchiquetage de la paroi latérale du carter définit la taille maximale des particules. En effet, la chambre de calibrage est balayée par au moins un doigt de coupe solidaire de la périphérie du disque si bien qu'une particule longue est bloquée en travers de la chambre de calibrage et est cisaillée au passage du doigt de coupe. Ce doigt joue également le rôle d'un racloir évacuant les particules de la chambre de calibrage en direction de la chambre de la soufflerie.The distance separating the side wall of the shredding chamber from the casing side wall defines the maximum size of the particles. Indeed, the calibration chamber is scanned by at least one cutting finger secured to the periphery of the disk so that a long particle is blocked across the calibration chamber and is sheared at the passage of the cutting finger. This finger also plays the role of a scraper discharging the particles of the calibration chamber towards the chamber of the blower.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après d'un exemple de réalisation d'un appareil selon l'invention.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description given below of an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de face (frontale) de l'appareil selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 illustre par une vue en perspective, le carter de l'appareil selon l'invention, dépourvu de tout mécanisme interne,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective de l'ensemble tournant (disque, outils de coupe, ailettes) du côté des outils,
  • la figure 4 est la vue de l'autre face de cet ensemble tournant,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective par l'arrière de l'appareil, la paroi de fond n'y étant pas représentée,
  • la figure 6 enfin est une vue de l'appareil semblable à celle de la figure 5 mais sans disque ni ailettes de soufflerie afin de faire apparaître les outils de coupe qui oeuvrent dans la chambre de déchiquetage et dans la chambre de calibrage.
Reference will be made to the appended drawings among which:
  • the figure 1 is a front (front) view of the apparatus according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 illustrates in perspective view, the housing of the apparatus according to the invention, devoid of any internal mechanism,
  • the figure 3 is a perspective view of the rotating assembly (disc, cutting tools, fins) on the tool side,
  • the figure 4 is the view of the other side of this rotating assembly,
  • the figure 5 is a perspective view from the rear of the apparatus, the bottom wall not being shown,
  • the figure 6 finally is a view of the device similar to that of the figure 5 but without disk or fan blades to reveal the cutting tools that work in the chipping chamber and in the calibration chamber.

Le broyeur de l'invention comporte donc un carter 1, délimité par une paroi frontale 2, une paroi arrière ou de fond 3 et une paroi latérale ou périphérique 4 sensiblement cylindrique.The mill of the invention therefore comprises a housing 1, delimited by a front wall 2, a rear wall or floor 3 and a side wall or peripheral 4 substantially cylindrical.

La paroi frontale est pourvue d'une ouverture 5 comportant ici une lame fixe ou contre lame 6a sensiblement horizontale et une lame fixe ou contre lame 6b sensiblement verticale. Par cette ouverture on introduit l'extrémité de la branche à réduire en copeaux. Sous l'effort de coupe, cette branche a tendance à se caler dans l'angle que forment les deux contre lames.The front wall is provided with an opening 5 comprising here a fixed blade or counter blade 6a substantially horizontal and a fixed blade or against blade 6b substantially vertical. Through this opening is introduced the end of the branch to reduce chips. Under the cutting force, this branch tends to stall in the angle formed by the two against blades.

La paroi de fond 3 du carter est traversée par un arbre d'entraînement 7 et un palier 8 est prévu à cet effet. Cette paroi est également munie d'ouïes 9 qui forment des ouvertures d'entrée d'air à l'intérieur du carter.The bottom wall 3 of the housing is traversed by a drive shaft 7 and a bearing 8 is provided for this purpose. This wall is also provided with louvers 9 which form air inlet openings inside the housing.

La paroi latérale 4 du carter possède une ouverture de sortie 10 située de manière telle que le conduit 11 qui la prolonge forme un tube qui s'échappe du carter tangentiellement à la paroi 4 de ce dernier.The side wall 4 of the housing has an outlet opening 10 located in such a way that the conduit 11 which extends it forms a tube which escapes from the housing tangentially to the wall 4 of the latter.

A l'intérieur de ce carter, un disque 12 est monté tournant dans le sens de la flèche A des figures, calé sur l'arbre d'entraînement 7 lui-même supporté par le palier 8. Le diamètre de ce disque est inférieur à celui intérieur de la paroi 4 latérale du carter pour les raisons qui seront exposées ci-après.Inside this casing, a disc 12 is rotatably mounted in the direction of the arrow A of the figures, fixed on the drive shaft 7 itself supported by the bearing 8. The diameter of this disc is less than the inner one of the side wall 4 of the housing for the reasons that will be explained below.

La face avant du disque, c'est-à-dire celle 12a tournée vers la paroi frontale 2 du carter, porte un outil de coupe 13 constitué par un socle 13a fixé par tout moyen approprié à la surface du disque qui forme le support de plusieurs plaquettes de coupe 13b, rapportées sur ce socle par des vis 13c à accès frontal. Les plaquettes de coupe s'étendent le long d'une courbe sensiblement en spirale depuis le voisinage du centre du disque jusqu'à la périphérie de ce dernier. Le plan balayé par ces plaquettes est immédiatement derrière le plan qui contient le bord arrière des contre lames. On comprend que le bois introduit dans l'ouverture 5 (fenêtre) est grignoté (déchiqueté) à chaque passage d'une ligne de plaquettes de coupe 13b. Afin que la totalité de la section du bois à traiter (la totalité de la surface de la fenêtre 5) soit balayée par les outils, on aura disposé les plaquettes 13b de sorte que la surface balayée par l'arrête de coupe de l'une d'elles soit en chevauchement avec la surface balayée par l'arrête de coupe de la plaquette ou des plaquettes voisines. En d'autres termes le cercle sur lequel circule l'extrémité la plus intérieure d'une arrête de coupe est de rayon inférieur au cercle parcouru par l'extrémité la plus extérieure de l'arrête de coupe de la plaquette qui lui est adjacente du côté du centre du disque.The front face of the disk, that is to say that 12a turned towards the front wall 2 of the housing, carries a cutting tool 13 constituted by a base 13a fixed by any suitable means to the surface of the disk which forms the support of several cutting pads 13b, reported on this base by screws 13c front access. The cutting inserts extend along a substantially spiral curve from the vicinity of the center of the disc to the periphery thereof. The plane swept by these pads is immediately behind the plane that contains the back edge of the blades. It is understood that the wood introduced into the opening 5 (window) is nibbled (shredded) at each passage of a line of cutting inserts 13b. So that the entire section of the wood to be treated (the entire surface of the window 5) is swept by the tools, the plates 13b will be arranged so that the surface swept by the cutting edge of one of them overlapping with the surface swept by the cutting edge of the wafer or neighboring wafers. In other words, the circle on which the innermost end of a cutting edge travels is of smaller radius than the circle traversed by the outermost end of the cutting edge of the plate which is adjacent thereto. side of the center of the disc.

Le socle 13 possède donc, dans le cas illustré par les figures jointes, deux lignes de plaquettes de coupe. A l'extrémité de chacune de ces lignes, le socle possède un autre outil de coupe 13d, également en forme de plaquette rapportée, dont la fixation sur le socle est réalisée par des vis 13e d'accès radial. La surface balayée par l'arrête de coupe de ces plaquettes est de diamètre égal à celui du disque.The base 13 thus has, in the case illustrated by the attached figures, two rows of cutting inserts. At the end of each of these lines, the base has another cutting tool 13d, also in the form of inserts plate, whose attachment to the base is formed by screws 13th radial access. The surface swept by the cutting edge of these plates is of diameter equal to that of the disk.

L'épaisseur du socle 13 définit la dimension axiale (dans la direction de l'axe 7) d'une chambre de déchiquetage (grignotage) délimitée dans le carter 1 par la paroi frontale 2 de ce dernier, par le disque 12 et par une paroi latérale solidaire de la paroi frontale et représentée à la figure 6. Plus précisément, il faut noter que dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la paroi frontale 2 est en deux parties : une partie inférieure 2a fixe, solidaire de la paroi latérale 4 du carter et une partie supérieure 2b conformée comme une porte articulée autour d'une charnière 2c. La fenêtre 5 se réduit à une découpe de la porte 2b alors que les contre lames 6a et 6b sont portées par la partie fixe 2a de la paroi frontale. La paroi latérale de la chambre de déchiquetage est, du fait de cette construction de la paroi frontale 2 en deux portions : une portion 14a solidaire de la porte 2b sur sa face intérieure et une portion 14b portée intérieurement par la partie fixe 2a de la paroi 2.The thickness of the base 13 defines the axial dimension (in the direction of the axis 7) of a shredding chamber (nibbling) delimited in the casing 1 by the front wall 2 of the latter, by the disk 12 and by a side wall secured to the front wall and shown in FIG. the figure 6 . More specifically, it should be noted that in the embodiment shown, the front wall 2 is in two parts: a fixed lower portion 2a, integral with the side wall 4 of the housing and an upper portion 2b shaped like a hinged door around a hinge 2c. The window 5 is reduced to a cut of the door 2b while the against blades 6a and 6b are carried by the fixed portion 2a of the front wall. The side wall of the shredding chamber is, because of this construction of the front wall 2 in two portions: a portion 14a secured to the door 2b on its inner face and a portion 14b carried internally by the fixed portion 2a of the wall 2.

On constate que cette paroi 14a, 14b, continue lorsque la porte est fermée, constitue l'enveloppe du volume balayé par le socle 13 et les outils 13b et 13d dont il est équipé, lors de la rotation du disque 12. la portion 14b de cette paroi est pourvue d'une pluralité de perforations 15 en regard de la paroi 4 du carter tandis que la portion 14a de cette paroi en est dépourvue, au moins dans la zone où elle est en regard de l'ouverture 10 de sortie du carter.It can be seen that this wall 14a, 14b, continues when the door is closed, constitutes the envelope of the volume swept by the base 13 and the tools 13b and 13d which it is equipped with, during the rotation of the disk 12. The portion 14b of this wall is provided with a plurality of perforations 15 opposite the wall 4 of the housing while the portion 14a of this wall is devoid of it, at least in the zone where it is opposite the outlet opening 10 of the housing .

La distance d (figure 6) qui sépare radialement les parois 4 et 14 (a et b) définit une dimension maximale de particule engagée dans une perforation 15 et butant contre la paroi 4. Cet espace annulaire d'épaisseur d est appelé chambre de calibrage.The distance d ( figure 6 ) which radially separates the walls 4 and 14 (a and b) defines a maximum particle size engaged in a perforation 15 and abutting the wall 4. This annular space of thickness d is called the calibration chamber.

Le disque 12 est par ailleurs équipé d'au moins un (ici deux) doigt de coupe 16 (a et b) qui, à partir de la périphérie du disque, s'étend perpendiculairement à ce dernier dans la chambre de calibrage, immédiatement au-dessus de la paroi 14a et b. Il agit comme un couteau secondaire pour recouper les particules longues engagées dans les perforations 15 et comme un doigt de balayage de cette chambre de calibrage. La longueur axiale de ce doigt est sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur totale du socle 13 et des outils qu'il porte.The disk 12 is also equipped with at least one (here two) cutting finger 16 (a and b) which, from the periphery of the disk, extends perpendicular to the latter in the calibration chamber, immediately at the -above of the wall 14a and b. It acts as a secondary knife to intersect the long particles engaged in the perforations 15 and as a sweeping finger of this calibration chamber. The axial length of this finger is substantially equal to the total thickness of the base 13 and the tools it carries.

Le disque 12 porte sur sa face 12b tournée vers la paroi de fond 3 du carter une série d'ailettes 17 qui constituent les pales d'une soufflerie dont l'enceinte (chambre de soufflerie) est limitée par le disque 12, la paroi arrière 3 et la paroi latérale 4 du carter pour sa partie qui s'étend au-delà de la paroi 14a et b. Le flux d'air engendré par ces pales 15 entre dans la chambre de soufflerie par les ouïes 9 de la paroi de fond du carter et ressort de cette chambre par l'ouverture de sortie 10 en entraînant les particules de bois qui proviennent de la chambre de déchiquetage au travers de la paroi 14a et b. On comprend que le flux d'air n'est entravé par aucun obstacle tel qu'un peigne ou un tamis, le calibrage des particules ayant été effectué en amont de la création de ce flux pneumatique de transport des particules.The disk 12 carries on its face 12b turned towards the bottom wall 3 of the casing a series of fins 17 which constitute the blades of a blower whose enclosure (blower chamber) is limited by the disc 12, the rear wall 3 and the side wall 4 of the housing for its part extending beyond the wall 14a and b. The flow of air generated by these blades 15 enters the blower chamber through the openings 9 of the bottom wall of the casing and leaves this chamber through the outlet opening 10 by driving the wood particles that come from the chamber shredding through the wall 14a and b. It is understood that the air flow is not hindered by any obstacle such as a comb or sieve, the calibration of the particles having been performed upstream of the creation of this pneumatic particle transport stream.

En fonctionnement, le bois introduit par la fenêtre 5 est réduit en particules par les outils 13b dans la chambre de déchiquetage. Contrairement aux dispositifs à disque connus, les particules ne traversent pas le disque pour atteindre la soufflerie. Leur trajet est ainsi maîtrisé pour qu'elles puissent être calibrées de manière efficace en amont de leur extraction pneumatique. Ainsi les particules dont la taille est inférieure, d'une part au diamètre des perforations 15 de la paroi 14b et, d'autre part à l'épaisseur d de la chambre de calibrage passent directement, au travers de cette paroi, dans la chambre de soufflerie où elles sont entraînées par le flux d'air. Les particules qui sont trop grosses sont plaquées sur cette paroi 14a et b où elles sont recoupées ou re-déchiquetées par le couteau 16a et b jusqu'à pénétrer dans les perforations 15. Si leur longueur est encore trop importante, le doigt 16 vient les cisailler à bonne dimension. Pour éviter qu'une particule trop grande ne passe directement de la chambre de déchiquetage dans l'ouverture de sortie 10 du carter, la paroi 14a est pleine en face et de part et d'autre de cette ouverture sur environ 120 à 150 degrés.In operation, the wood introduced through the window 5 is reduced to particles by the tools 13b in the chipping chamber. Unlike known disc devices, the particles do not pass through the disc to reach the blower. Their path is thus controlled so that they can be calibrated effectively upstream of their pneumatic extraction. Thus, the particles whose size is smaller, on the one hand to the diameter of the perforations 15 of the wall 14b and, on the other hand, to the thickness d of the calibration chamber, pass directly through this wall into the chamber. blower where they are driven by the flow of air. Particles that are too large are plated on this wall 14a and b where they are cut or re-shredded by the knife 16a and b to penetrate the perforations 15. If their length is still too great, the finger 16 comes shear them to a good size. To prevent an excessive particle from passing directly from the shredding chamber into the outlet opening 10 of the housing, the wall 14a is full opposite and on either side of this opening about 120 to 150 degrees.

Parmi les avantages de l'invention, outre l'optimisation de son fonctionnement (efficacité maximale pour une dépense d'énergie donnée), on mentionnera la facilité avec laquelle l'entretien et les réparations de la partie active du broyeur peuvent être effectués. En effet, la présence de la porte frontale 14b donne accès à tous les outils 13b et 16a et b pour les changer sans autre démontage de l'appareil. Il en est de même s'il faut intervenir sur les contre lames.Among the advantages of the invention, besides optimizing its operation (maximum efficiency for a given energy expenditure), mention will be made of the ease with which the maintenance and repairs of the active part of the mill can be carried out. Indeed, the presence of the front door 14b provides access to all tools 13b and 16a and b to change without further disassembly of the device. It is the same if it is necessary to intervene on the contre lame.

On notera en dernier lieu que le broyeur selon l'invention peut présenter une paroi 14a, 14b, fixée de manière démontable au carter 2 de manière que l'utilisateur puisse la retirer. Il dispose alors d'un broyeur ordinaire qu'il peut utiliser dans le seul but d'une réduction d'un matériau végétal sans contrainte de calibration. Le broyeur de l'invention peut ainsi être employé de manière plus rentable.It will be noted, lastly, that the crusher according to the invention may have a wall 14 a, 14 b, removably fixed to the casing 2 so that the user can remove it. He then has an ordinary mill that he can use for the sole purpose of a reduction of a plant material without calibration constraints. The mill of the invention can thus be used more cost-effectively.

Claims (9)

Broyeur de végétaux pour la production de plaquettes ou particules de bois calibrées, se présentant sous la forme d'un carter (1) fermé par une paroi frontale (2), une paroi de fond (3) et une paroi latérale (4) sensiblement cylindrique, la paroi frontale comportant une ouverture (5) d'entrée du bois à traiter bordée d'au moins une lame fixe (6a,6b), la paroi latérale (4) comportant une ouverture (10) de sortie des plaquettes ou particules et la paroi de fond (3) comportant un palier (8) pour un arbre moteur (7), caractérisé en ce que la carter est divisé en : - une chambre de déchiquetage limitée par la paroi frontale (2), par un disque plein (12) logé dans le carter (1) et porteur d'outils (13b) en relief sur sa face (12a) tournée vers la paroi frontale de manière que ces outils croisent la lame fixe (6a,b) lors de la rotation du disque (12) dans le carter et par une paroi latérale (14a,b) formant enveloppe du volume balayé par les outils lors de la rotation du disque et perforée (15) sur au moins une portion de sa périphérie, cette paroi latérale (14a, 14b) étant située à distance (d) de la paroi latérale (4) du carter pour définir entre elles une chambre de calibrage des particules et - une chambre de soufflerie contenant des ailettes (17) de propulsion des particules solidaires de l'autre face (12b) du disque (12), limitée par cette autre face du disque, ladite paroi (3) de fond du carter (1) et ladite paroi latérale (4) du carter, la chambre de calibrage s'ouvrant sur la chambre de soufflerie au droit du disque (12). Vegetable grinder for the production of calibrated wood chips or particles, in the form of a housing (1) closed by a front wall (2), a bottom wall (3) and a side wall (4) substantially cylindrical, the front wall having an opening (5) for entering the wood to be treated bordered by at least one fixed blade (6a, 6b), the side wall (4) having an opening (10) for the exit of the platelets or particles and the bottom wall (3) having a bearing (8) for a drive shaft (7), characterized in that the housing is divided into: - A shredding chamber limited by the front wall (2), by a solid disc (12) housed in the housing (1) and carrying tools (13b) in relief on its face (12a) facing the front wall of way that these tools cross the fixed blade (6a, b) during the rotation of the disk (12) in the housing and by a side wall (14a, b) forming envelope volume swept by the tools during the rotation of the disk and perforated (15) over at least a portion of its periphery, said side wall (14 a, 14 b) being located at a distance (d) of the side wall (4) of the housing to define therebetween a particle calibration chamber and a blower chamber containing fins (17) for propulsion of the particles integral with the other face (12b) of the disc (12), limited by this other face of the disc, said bottom wall (3) of the casing (1) and said side wall (4) of the housing, the calibration chamber opening on the blower chamber to the right of the disc (12). Broyeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de calibrage est balayée par au moins un doigt (16a,b) de coupe solidaire de la périphérie du disque (12).Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibration chamber is swept by at least one cutting finger (16a, b) integral with the periphery of the disk (12). Broyeur selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la paroi latérale (14b) de la chambre de déchiquetage est dépourvue de perforations (15) au voisinage de l'ouverture (10) de sortie du carter.Crusher according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the side wall (14b) of the shredding chamber is devoid of perforations (15) in the vicinity of the outlet opening (10) of the housing. Broyeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi frontale (2) du carter (1) est au moins pour partie, en forme de porte (2b) d'accès à la chambre de déchiquetage.Mill according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front wall (2) of the housing (1) is at least partly in the form of a door (2b) for access to the shredding chamber. Broyeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque outil (13b) possède une partie d'usure démontable à accès frontal.Crusher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each tool (13b) has a demountable wear part with frontal access. Broyeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la trajectoire de chaque outil (13b) et balayée à ses extrémités par la trajectoire de l'extrémité adjacente des outils (13b) qui l'encadrent.Crusher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the path of each tool (13b) and scanned at its ends by the path of the adjacent end of the tools (13b) which surround it. Broyeur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la partie (2b) de paroi frontale en forme de porte est le support d'une partie (14a) correspondante de la paroi latérale (14a,b) de la chambre de déchiquetage.Crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that the door-shaped front wall portion (2b) is the support of a corresponding part (14a) of the side wall (14a, b) of the shredding chamber. Broyeur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le doigt de coupe (16a,b) possède une partie d'usure en extrémité, démontable et à accès radial.Crusher according to claim 7, characterized in that the cutting finger (16a, b) has an end wear part, removable and radial access. Broyeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi latérale (14a, 14b) de la chambre de déchiquetage est démontable.Mill according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side wall (14 a, 14 b) of the shredding chamber is removable.
EP08290853A 2007-09-12 2008-09-11 Comminuting apparatus for producing calibrated wood particles Withdrawn EP2036690A1 (en)

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FR0706383A FR2920690B1 (en) 2007-09-12 2007-09-12 VEGETABLE MILLER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CALIBER WOOD PARTICLES

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2650050A1 (en) * 2012-04-10 2013-10-16 PC Maskiner ApS Wood chipping machine with peripheral sieving and disintegration device and corresponding method and use
FR3020969A1 (en) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-20 Michel Bugnot VEGETABLE MILLER FOR MAKING CALIBRATED PARTICLES
FR3124094A1 (en) * 2021-06-17 2022-12-23 Eric Bugnot Box for calibrating and removing particles from a plant shredder.

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2946913B1 (en) * 2009-06-23 2011-06-10 Michel Bugnot VEGETABLE MILLER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CALIBERATED WOOD PACKAGES OR PARTICLES

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3205759C1 (en) * 1982-02-18 1983-01-13 Maschinenfabrik B.Maier GmbH & Co KG, 4800 Bielefeld Knife-ring chipper for hogged wood
WO1994013442A1 (en) 1992-12-14 1994-06-23 Telcor Pty. Ltd. Size reduction machinery
DE202007002423U1 (en) 2006-12-04 2007-05-16 Müllers & Backhaus GmbH & Co. KG Crushing device for cutting wood into pieces comprises rotating cutting blades connected to units for crushing wood pieces

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3205759C1 (en) * 1982-02-18 1983-01-13 Maschinenfabrik B.Maier GmbH & Co KG, 4800 Bielefeld Knife-ring chipper for hogged wood
WO1994013442A1 (en) 1992-12-14 1994-06-23 Telcor Pty. Ltd. Size reduction machinery
DE202007002423U1 (en) 2006-12-04 2007-05-16 Müllers & Backhaus GmbH & Co. KG Crushing device for cutting wood into pieces comprises rotating cutting blades connected to units for crushing wood pieces

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2650050A1 (en) * 2012-04-10 2013-10-16 PC Maskiner ApS Wood chipping machine with peripheral sieving and disintegration device and corresponding method and use
FR3020969A1 (en) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-20 Michel Bugnot VEGETABLE MILLER FOR MAKING CALIBRATED PARTICLES
EP2949438A1 (en) * 2014-05-15 2015-12-02 Michel Bugnot Plant mill for producing gauged particles
FR3124094A1 (en) * 2021-06-17 2022-12-23 Eric Bugnot Box for calibrating and removing particles from a plant shredder.

Also Published As

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FR2920690B1 (en) 2009-10-30

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