EP2034351B1 - Beleuchtungssystem - Google Patents

Beleuchtungssystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2034351B1
EP2034351B1 EP08015480A EP08015480A EP2034351B1 EP 2034351 B1 EP2034351 B1 EP 2034351B1 EP 08015480 A EP08015480 A EP 08015480A EP 08015480 A EP08015480 A EP 08015480A EP 2034351 B1 EP2034351 B1 EP 2034351B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face
liquid
chamber
optical device
axis
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP08015480A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2034351A1 (de
Inventor
Miki Tsuboi
Yuichi Takai
Mariko Obinata
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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Publication of EP2034351A1 publication Critical patent/EP2034351A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/06—Optical design with parabolic curvature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B15/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
    • G03B15/02—Illuminating scene
    • G03B15/03—Combinations of cameras with lighting apparatus; Flash units
    • G03B15/05—Combinations of cameras with electronic flash apparatus; Electronic flash units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B2215/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
    • G03B2215/05—Combinations of cameras with electronic flash units
    • G03B2215/0514—Separate unit
    • G03B2215/0517—Housing
    • G03B2215/0525—Reflector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B2215/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
    • G03B2215/05—Combinations of cameras with electronic flash units
    • G03B2215/0564—Combinations of cameras with electronic flash units characterised by the type of light source
    • G03B2215/0567—Solid-state light source, e.g. LED, laser
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B2215/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
    • G03B2215/05—Combinations of cameras with electronic flash units
    • G03B2215/0589—Diffusors, filters or refraction means
    • G03B2215/0592—Diffusors, filters or refraction means installed in front of light emitter

Definitions

  • the present invention contains subject matter related to Japanese Patent Application JP 2007-230046 filed in the Japanese Patent Office on September 5, 2007, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention relates to a lighting system in which an optical device employing an electrowetting phenomenon is embedded.
  • electrowetting phenomenon refers to a phenomenon wherein when applying voltage between liquid having electroconductivity and an electrode, energy at the solid-liquid interface between the electrode surface and the liquid change, and the shape of the liquid surface changes.
  • Figs. 68A and 68B illustrate principle diagrams for describing electrocapillarity.
  • Fig. 68A for example, let us say that an insulating film 402 is formed on the surface of an electrode 401, and an electroconductive droplet 403 made up of an electrolytic solution is disposed on this insulating film 402.
  • the surface of the insulating film 402 is subjected to water-repellent processing, and as shown in Fig. 68A , in a state in which voltage is not applied thereto, interaction energy between the surface of the insulating film 402 and droplet 403 is low, and a contact angle ⁇ 0 is great.
  • the contact angle ⁇ 0 is an angle which includes the surface of the insulating film 402 and the tangent line of the droplet 403, and depends on physical properties such as the surface tension of the droplet 403, the surface energy of the insulating film 402, and so forth.
  • the surface shape (curvature) of the droplet 403 is changed depending on the magnitude of the voltage V to be applied between the electrode 401 and droplet 403. Accordingly, in the case of employing the droplet 403 as a lens element, an optical element of which the focal position (focal distance) can electrically be controlled can be realized.
  • a lens array for strobe device has been proposed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-356708 .
  • This lens array With this lens array, insulating liquid droplets disposed on a water-repellent film of a substrate surface in an array manner and electroconductive liquid are encapsulated, thereby making up variable-focus lenses.
  • each of the lenses is formed with an interface shape between insulating liquid and electroconductive liquid, the each lens shape is electrically controlled employing an electrowetting phenomenon, thereby changing focal distance.
  • a cylindrical lens made up of a liquid lens has been disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-162507 .
  • US 5,068,768 relates to a variable light distribution type automobile lamp capable of varying the range of diffusion of a flux of light by changing the position of one of two cylindrical lenses.
  • WO 03/071335 relates to a display apparatus comprising a switchable lenticular array having foci which can be switched.
  • EP-A-1 542 056 relates to an optical shutter for plasma display panel.
  • a lighting system includes: an optical device including a cylindrical lens made up of a liquid lens; an emission unit including an axis line in the Z-axis direction; and a reflecting mirror configured to reflect light emitted from the emission unit; with the cross-sectional shape of a light reflecting portion when cutting away the reflecting mirror at a virtual plane perpendicular to the Z axis being a part of a parabola; and with the axis line of the emission unit being positioned between the vertex of the parabola and a focal point.
  • distance between the focal point of the parabola and the axis line of the emission means unit it is desirable to set distance between the focal point of the parabola and the axis line of the emission means unit to 0.1 mm through 1 mm or 0.3 mm through 0.5 mm.
  • a lighting system includes: an optical device including a cylindrical lens made up of a liquid lens; an emission unit including an axis line in the Z-axis direction; and a reflecting mirror configured to reflect light emitted from the emission unit; with the cross-sectional shape of a light reflecting portion when cutting away the reflecting mirror at a virtual plane perpendicular to the Z axis being a part of an ellipse; and with the axis line of the emission unit being positioned between the intersection point with the long axis of the ellipse and a focal point adjacent to the intersection point.
  • distance between the focal point of the ellipse and the axis line of the emission unit it is desirable to set distance between the focal point of the ellipse and the axis line of the emission unit to 0.1 mm.through 1 mm or 0.3 mm through 0.5 mm.
  • a xenon tube, fluorescent light, lamp, semiconductor emission element such as emission diode, semiconductor laser, and so forth can be exemplified as the lighting system according to the above configurations including the above-mentioned desired arrangement.
  • a backlight unit employed for a strobe device and display device, fill light for AF of a camera, and so forth can be exemplified as specific application examples of the light system according the above configurations.
  • a reflecting mirror can be fabricated by forming a light reflecting portion (light reflecting layer) made up of aluminum, chromium, silver, or the like on the main unit made of metal or plastic based on, for example, a physical vapor deposition method (PVD method) such as the plating method, vacuum vapor deposition method, or sputtering method, and a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method), or the like.
  • PVD method physical vapor deposition method
  • CVD method chemical vapor deposition method
  • the axis line of the emission unit is disposed between the vertex of the parabola and a focal point, or disposed between the intersection point with the long axis of the ellipse and a focal point adjacent to this intersection point, whereby increase in the guide number of the lighting system can be realized.
  • the first embodiment relates to a lighting system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Conceptual diagrams of the lighting system according to the first embodiment are illustrated in Figs. 1A and 1B .
  • the lighting system according to the first embodiment includes
  • the lighting system according to the first embodiment is specifically a strobe device.
  • Fig. 1A schematically illustrates the operation of the strobe device on the telephoto side
  • Fig. 1B schematically illustrates the operation of the strobe device on the wide angle side.
  • the emission unit 2 is, for example, made up of a rod-shaped xenon tube of which the diameter is 2.0 mm.
  • the reflecting mirror is fabricated by forming a light reflecting portion (light reflecting layer) 4 made of aluminum on the main unit of made of plastic based on the vacuum vapor deposition method, the emission unit 2 is fastened on to the reflecting mirror 3 by an unshown fixing unit, and accordingly, is configured so as not to be moved.
  • the optical device 1 is fastened on to the front face portion of the reflecting mirror 3 by an unshown fixing unit.
  • a control circuit for performing control of the optical power of a cylindrical lens made up of a liquid lens of the optical device 1, and control of the operation of the emission unit 2 can be realized with a control circuit according to the related art, so detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • a later-described lighting system according to a second embodiment also has the same arrangement and configuration.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the light reflecting portion 4 when cutting away the reflecting mirror 3 at a virtual plane perpendicular to the Z axis is a part of a parabola, and the axis line of the emission unit 2 is positioned between the vertex of the parabola and a focal point.
  • a straight line connecting the vertex of the parabola and the focal point is the X axis.
  • Fig. 2A illustrates a light quantity distribution in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction) when changing the focal distance of a cylindrical lens made up of a liquid lens with the lighting system according to the first embodiment.
  • Fig. 2B illustrates a light quantity distribution in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction) when matching the focal point of the parabola and the axis line of the emission unit, and changing the focal distance of a cylindrical lens made up of a liquid lens. Note that the simulation results shown in Figs. 2A and 2B are results obtained when assuming that the optical device made up of one cylindrical lens is employed. While the first embodiment, according to Fig.
  • the guide number of the strobe device increases from 11.0 to 18.5, i.e., becomes brighter by 1.85 times
  • the guide number of the strobe device increases from 13.2 to 19.5, i.e., becomes brighter only by 1.48 times.
  • the axis line of the emission unit 2 is disposed between the vertex of the parabola and the focal point, whereby increase in the guide number of the lighting system can be realized, and increase in the variable rate of the zoom strobe can be realized.
  • the second embodiment relates to a lighting system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Conceptual diagrams of the lighting system according to the second embodiment are the same as those shown in Figs. 1A and 1B , and the arrangement and configuration of the lighting system according to the second embodiment can be regarded as the same as the arrangement and configuration of the lighting system according to the first embodiment, so detailed description will be omitted.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the light reflecting portion 4 when cutting away the reflecting mirror 3 at a virtual plane perpendicular to the Z axis is a part of an ellipse, and the axis line of the emission unit 2 is positioned between the intersection point with the long axis of the ellipse and a focal point adjacent to the intersection point.
  • a straight line connecting the intersection with the axis line of the ellipse and the focal point is the X axis.
  • variable rate of the guide number of the strobe device when changing the focal distance of the cylindrical lens made up of a liquid lens employing an electrowetting phenomenon can be increased as compared to that in the case of matching the focal point of the ellipse and the axis line of the emission unit, and increase in the variable rate of the zoom strobe can be realized.
  • the function of the light reflecting portion according to the first embodiment or second embodiment may be replaced with a function based on an aspheric function instead of employing a parabola or ellipse.
  • Expression (1) various types of curved face can be represented with the following Expression (1).
  • "c” is the value of a curvature at a vertex where the curved face intersects with the z axis, and “e” is an eccentricity.
  • An optical device having a 1-1'st configuration is an optical device including
  • the second cylindrical lens group may be configured wherein the multiple second cylindrical lenses are apposed, each of which is made up of a liquid lens of which the axis line extends in the first direction (the direction parallel to the Z axis), and in this case, the second partition plate, which extends in the first direction (the direction parallel to the Z axis), for partitioning between the second cylindrical lenses is disposed within the second chamber.
  • Such an optical device is referred to as an optical device having a 2-1'st configuration.
  • the optical device having the 1-1'st configuration or 2-1'st configuration it is desirable to employ an arrangement wherein the surface of the portion of the first partition plate where at least the interface between the first liquid and second liquid is disposed, and the surface of the portion of the second partition plate where at least the interface between the third liquid and fourth liquid is disposed are subjected to water-repellent processing. Also, it is desirable to employ an arrangement wherein the surface of the portion of the side face where at least the interface between the first liquid and second liquid is disposed, and the surface of the portion of the side face where at least the interface between the third liquid and fourth liquid is disposed are also subjected to water-repellent processing.
  • the optical device having the 1-1'st configuration or 2-1'st configuration may be configured wherein the first partition plate extends from the first face to the partition face, and the second partition plate extends from the second face to the partition face.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-1-A'th configuration or 2-1-A'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • the optical device having the 1-1'st configuration or 2-1'st configuration may be configured wherein the first partition plate extends from the first face toward the partition face, the second partition plate extends from the second face toward the partition face, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate and the top face of the second partition plate.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-1-B'th configuration or 2-1-B'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • top face of the first partition plate means a face facing the second face
  • bottom face of the first partition plate means a face facing the first face
  • top face of the second partition plate means a face facing the first face
  • bottom face of the second partition plate means a face facing the second face.
  • the optical device having the 1-1'st configuration or 2-1'st configuration may be configured wherein the first partition plate extends from the partition face toward the first face, there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate and the first face, the second partition plate extends from the partition face toward the second face, and there is a gap between the top face of the second partition plate and the second face.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-1-C'th configuration or 2-1-C'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • the top face of the first partition plate means a face facing the first face
  • the top face of the second partition plate means a face facing the second face.
  • the optical device having the 1-1'st configuration or 2-1'st configuration may be configured wherein there is a gap between the bottom face of the first partition plate and the first face, there is a gap between the bottom face of the second partition plate and the second face, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate and the top face of the second partition plate.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-1-D'th configuration or 2-1-D'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • the optical device having the 1-1'st configuration or 2-1'st configuration, including the above-mentioned various types of desired arrangement, it is desirable to employ an arrangement wherein the first liquid and second liquid are insoluble and unmixed, and the interface between the first liquid and second liquid makes up a lens face, and the third liquid and fourth liquid are insoluble and unmixed, and the interface between the third liquid and fourth liquid makes up a lens face.
  • the optical device having the 1-1'st configuration or 2-1'st configuration may be configured wherein the first liquid and third liquid have electroconductivity, the second liquid and fourth liquid have insulation properties, a first electrode adjacent to the first liquid, and a second electrode insulated from the first liquid are disposed within the first chamber, and a third electrode adjacent to the third liquid, and a fourth electrode insulated from the third liquid are disposed within the second chamber.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the second electrode is adjacent to the interface between the first liquid and second liquid through a first insulating film, and the fourth electrode is adjacent to the interface between the third liquid and fourth liquid through a second insulating film.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face, the third electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face, the second electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the fourth electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-1-a'th configuration or 2-1-a'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the second electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the partition plate making up the first chamber, and the fourth electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the partition plate making up the second chamber.
  • the first electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the third electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • first electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber
  • third electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber
  • second electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the partition plate making up the first chamber
  • fourth electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the partition plate making up the second chamber.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the third electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber, the second electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face, and the fourth electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-1-b'th configuration or 2-1-b'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the partition plate making up the first chamber, and the third electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the partition plate making up the second chamber.
  • the second electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the fourth electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • first electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the partition plate making up the first chamber
  • third electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the partition plate making up the second chamber
  • second electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber
  • fourth electrode is provided so as to extend in the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • An optical device having a 1-2'nd configuration is an optical device including
  • the second cylindrical lens group may be configured wherein the multiple second cylindrical lenses are apposed, each of which is made up of a liquid lens of which the axis line extends in the first direction (the direction parallel to the Z axis), and in this case, the second partition plate, which extends in the first direction (the direction parallel to the Z axis), for partitioning between the second cylindrical lenses is disposed within the second chamber.
  • Such an optical device is referred to as an optical device having a 2-2'nd configuration.
  • the optical device having the 1-2'nd configuration or 2-2'nd configuration it is desirable to employ an arrangement wherein the surface of the portion of the first partition plate where at least the interface between the first liquid and second liquid is disposed, and the surface of the portion of the second partition plate where at least the interface between the third liquid and second liquid is disposed are subjected to water-repellent processing. Also, it is desirable to employ an arrangement wherein the surface of the portion of the side face where at least the interface between the first liquid and second liquid is disposed, and the surface of the portion of the side face where at least the interface between the third liquid and second liquid is disposed are also subjected to water-repellent processing.
  • the optical device having the 1-2'nd configuration or 2-2'nd configuration may be configured wherein the first partition plate extends from the first face toward the second face, the second partition plate extends from the second face toward the first face, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate and the top face of the second partition plate.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-2-A'th configuration or 2-2-A'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • the optical device having the 1-2'nd configuration or 2-2'nd configuration may be configured wherein there is a gap between the bottom face of the first partition plate and the first face, there is a gap between the bottom face of the second partition plate and the second face, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate and the top face of the second partition plate.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-2-B'th configuration or 2-2-B'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • the optical device having the 1-2'nd configuration or 2-2'nd configuration including the above-mentioned various types of desired arrangement, it is desirable to employ an arrangement wherein the first liquid and second liquid are insoluble and unmixed, and the interface between the first liquid and second liquid makes up a lens face, and the third liquid and second liquid are insoluble and unmixed, and the interface between the third liquid and fourth liquid makes up a lens face.
  • the optical device having the 1-2'nd configuration or 2-2'nd configuration may be configured wherein the first liquid and third liquid have electroconductivity, the second liquid has insulation properties, a first electrode adjacent to the first liquid, and a second electrode insulated from the first liquid are disposed within the first chamber, and a third electrode adjacent to the third liquid, and a fourth electrode insulated from the third liquid are disposed within the second chamber.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the second electrode is adjacent to the interface between the first liquid and second liquid through an insulating film, and the fourth electrode is adjacent to the interface between the third liquid and second liquid through an insulating film.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face, the third electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face, the second electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the fourth electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-2- a'th configuration or 2-2-a'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • the second electrode and fourth electrode may be configured of a common electrode.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the third electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber, the second electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face, and the fourth electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-2-b'th configuration or 2-2-b'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • the first electrode and third electrode may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the optical device having the 1-2'nd configuration or 2-2'nd configuration may be configured wherein the first liquid and third liquid have electroconductivity, the second liquid has insulation properties, a second electrode adjacent to the second liquid, and a first electrode insulated from the second liquid are disposed within the first chamber, and the second electrode adjacent to the second liquid, and a third electrode insulated from the second liquid are disposed within the second chamber.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is adjacent to the interface between the first liquid and second liquid through a first insulating film, and the third electrode is adjacent to the interface between the third liquid and second liquid through a second insulating film.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the second electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face, the first electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face, and the third electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face.
  • the optical device having such a configuration will be referred to as a 1-2-c'th configuration or 2-2-c'th configuration for the sake of convenience.
  • An optical device having a 1-3'rd configuration is an optical device including
  • the size in the first direction (the direction parallel to the Z axis) of an emission area of the emission unit is L e-1
  • the size in the second direction (the direction parallel to the Y axis) is L e-2
  • the length in the first direction of an area to be lightened by the lighting system is L i-1
  • the length in the second direction is L i-2
  • a light distribution rate in the second direction of the first cylindrical lenses is P 1-2
  • a light distribution rate in the first direction of the second cylindrical lenses is P 2-1
  • k is a constant
  • the values of L e-1 and L e-2 are values automatically determined by the emission unit.
  • a lighting method employing the lighting system according to the present embodiment of the present invention including an optical device having the 1-1'st, 1-2'nd, or 1-3'rd configuration is a lighting method for controlling the light distribution rate P 1-2 in the second direction of the first cylindrical lenses, and the light distribution rate P 2-1 in the first direction of the second cylindrical lenses so as to satisfy the following expression.
  • P 2 - 1 k ⁇ P 1
  • An optical device having a 3rd configuration is an optical device where multiple cylindrical lenses each made up of a liquid lens are arrayed, including a housing including
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode adjacent to the insulating first liquid through an insulating film, and the second electrode adjacent to the electroconductive second liquid are disposed in each of the cylindrical lens chambers.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is disposed on the side face of the partition walls, and the second electrode is disposed on the second supporting member.
  • an arrangement will be referred to as an optical device having a 3-1'st configuration.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode extends onto the first supporting member from on the side face of the partition walls.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is disposed on the side face of the partition walls, and the second electrode is disposed on the first supporting member.
  • an arrangement will be referred to as an optical device having a 3-2'nd configuration.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode extends onto the second supporting member from on the side face of the partition walls.
  • optical device having the 3rd configuration including the above-mentioned various types of desired arrangements, it is desirable to subject the surface of an insulating film to water-repellent processing.
  • the optical device having the 3rd configuration, it is desirable that the first liquid and second liquid are insoluble and unmixed.
  • the optical device having the 1-1'st, 1-2'nd, or 1-3'rd configuration, though not restricted to the following, if we say that the number of first cylindrical lenses making up the first cylindrical lens group is N 1 , and the number of second cylindrical lenses making up the second cylindrical lens group is N 2 , 2 through 10 may be employed as the value of N 1 , and also 2 through 10 may be employed as the value of N 2 .
  • the value of N 1 and the value of N 2 may be the same, or may be different.
  • the optical device having the 2-1'st, 2-2'nd, or 2-3'rd configuration, though not restricted to the following, if we say that the number of first cylindrical lenses making up the first cylindrical lens group is N 1 , and the number of second cylindrical lenses making up the second cylindrical lens group is N 2 , 2 through 10 may be employed as the value of N 1 , and also 2 through 10 may be employed as the value of N 2 .
  • the value of N 1 and the value of N 2 may be the same, or may be different.
  • the projection images of the axis lines of the multiple first cylindrical lenses making up the first cylindrical lens group, and the projection images of the axis lines of the multiple second cylindrical lenses making up the second cylindrical lens group may be overlapped, or may not be overlapped.
  • the optical device having the 2-1'st, 2-2'nd, or 2-3'rd configuration
  • one light flux of light fluxes emitted from the emission unit when the one light flux passes through the axis line of a certain first cylindrical lens, an arrangement may be made wherein the one light flux passes through the axis line of the second cylindrical lens corresponding to the certain first cylindrical lens, or an arrangement may be made wherein the one light flux does not pass through that.
  • each of the cylindrical lens chambers is a rectangle with rounded four corners, but as this "rounded" shape, an arc protruding externally, a part of an ellipse, a part of a hyperbola, and a part of a parabola can be exemplified, and also a part of an arbitrary smooth curve protruding externally may be employed.
  • the normal line of the first supporting member which passes through the center of the cylindrical lens chamber is taken as the X axis
  • the axis line of the cylindrical lens chamber which passes through the center of the cylindrical lens chamber is taken as the Z axis.
  • the optical power of the cylindrical lens on the X-Z plane (or plane parallel to the X-Z plane) is substantially zero, and the optical power of the cylindrical lens on the X-Y plane exhibits a limited value.
  • an angle (contact angle) made up of the interface between the first liquid and second liquid on the side face of the partition walls on the X-Y plane, and the side face of the partition walls is (180 - ⁇ ) degrees, and the height of the interface on the side face of the partition walls is h.
  • the cylindrical lens exhibits the maximum optical power, and is in a protruding state facing the face of the second supporting member (the opposite face of the second supporting member) facing the first supporting member
  • the height h of the interface is height measured from the face of the first supporting member (the opposite face of the first supporting member) facing the second supporting member.
  • the cylindrical lens exhibits the maximum optical power, and is in a protruding state facing the opposite face of the first supporting member
  • the height h of the interface is height measured from the opposite face of the second supporting member.
  • the length along the X-Z plane of the cylindrical lens chamber is 2a
  • the length along the X-Y plane is 2b.
  • r 0 In a case wherein an arc is employed as the "rounded" shape, zero degree is enough for the contact angles at the four corners of the cylindrical lens chamber, so the maximum value of the radius r 0 of the rounded-shaped arc at the four corners of the cylindrical lens chamber is (b 2 + h 2 ), and the minimum value is b. Accordingly, it is desirable for r 0 to be within the following range. b ⁇ r 0 ⁇ b 2 + h 2 1 / 2
  • liquid having electroconductivity examples include, for example, water, electrolyte (electrolytic solution such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc.), triethylene glycol solution in which these electrolytes are dissolved, alcohols such as methyl alcohol with small molecular weight, ethyl alcohol, etc., polar liquid such as ambient temperature molten salt (ionic liquid), etc., and liquid compound of these.
  • electrolyte electrolytic solution such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc.
  • triethylene glycol solution in which these electrolytes are dissolved
  • alcohols such as methyl alcohol with small molecular weight, ethyl alcohol, etc.
  • polar liquid such as ambient temperature molten salt (ionic liquid), etc.
  • liquid compound of these examples include, for example, water, electrolyte (electrolytic solution such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc.
  • examples of solution having insulation properties include a hydrocarbon material such as deccan, dodecane, hexadecane, undecane, etc., and non-polar solvents, such as silicone oil, fluorine material, etc..
  • electroconductive liquid and insulating liquid have a mutually different refractive index, and desirably are able to exist without mixing mutually. Also, it is desirable to match the density of electroconductive liquid and the density of insulating liquid as much as possible. It is desirable that electroconductive liquid and insulating liquid are transparent liquids as to incident light, but these liquids may be colored in some cases.
  • a material making up the first face, second face, and partition face is preferably transmissive as to incident light.
  • transmissive as to incident light means that the optical transmittance of incident light is equal to or greater than 80%.
  • Specific examples of a material making up the first face, second face, partition face, first supporting member, second supporting member, and partition walls include acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin (PC), ABS resin, a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyarylate resin (PAR), polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET), and glass.
  • the same material may be employed as a material making up the partition plate and side face.
  • silicone rubber and cellophane may be employed as a material making up the partition face, and this may be a sheet shape or film shape.
  • the material making up each member may be the same or may be different.
  • Electroconductive metallic oxide such as ITO material, silver-added ITO, IZO material, and SnO 2 material, In 2 O 3 material, Sb 2 O 5 material, ZnO material, In 2 O 3 -ZnO material, Ga-added ZnO, In 4 Sn 3 O 12 , InGaZnO, etc., transparent electrodes made up of metal, alloy, semiconductor material, etc., and electrodes made up of opaque metal or alloy may be employed as the electrodes, depending on the portion to be used, and desired properties.
  • metal such aluminum (Al), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), gold (Au), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), iron (Fe), platinum (Pt), zinc (Zn), etc., alloy including these metal (e.g., MoW) or compound (e.g., nitride such as TiN, etc., silicide such as WSi 2 , MoSi 2 , TiSi 2 , TaSi 2 , etc.), semiconductor such as silicon (Si), etc., and carbon thin film such as diamond, etc..
  • metal such aluminum (Al), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), gold (Au), silver (Ag), titanium (
  • Examples of a method for forming these electrodes include, for example, a combination of vapor depositing method such as electron beam evaporation method and hot filament vapordepositing method, CVD method, or ion plating method and etching method, screen printing method, plating method (electroplating and electroless deposition method), liftoff method, laser ablation method, and sol-gel method.
  • vapor depositing method such as electron beam evaporation method and hot filament vapordepositing method, CVD method, or ion plating method and etching method
  • screen printing method such as plating method and electroless deposition method
  • liftoff method such as laser ablation method, and sol-gel method.
  • the first insulating film, second insulating film, and insulating film are not restricted to a particular substance as long as a substance to be employed has insulation properties, and it is desirable to select a substance having relatively high specific inductive capacity. Also, in order to obtain relatively great capacitance, it is desirable to reduce the film thickness of the first insulating film, second insulating film, and insulating film, but it is preferable for the film thickness to be equal to or greater than film thickness whereby insulating strength can be ensured.
  • Examples of a material making up the first insulating film, second insulating film, and insulating film include an SiOx material, SiO2 material such as SiN, SiON, oxidized fluoride silicon, polyimide resin, spin-on glass, low-melt glass, and glass paste, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), chromic oxide (CrO X ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), and vanadium oxide (VO X ).
  • SiOx material SiO2 material such as SiN, SiON, oxidized fluoride silicon, polyimide resin, spin-on glass, low-melt glass, and glass paste
  • TiO 2 titanium oxide
  • Ta 2 O 5 tantalum oxide
  • Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
  • CrO X
  • Examples of a method for forming the first insulating film, second insulating film, and insulating film include processes according to the related art, such as the CVD method, coating method, sputtering method, screen printing method, plating, electrodeposition method, and dipping method, and so forth.
  • the surface of the portion of the first partition plate where at least the interface between the first liquid and second liquid are positioned (specifically, the surface of the portion of the first partition plate positioned on the interface between the first liquid and second liquid, and the neighborhood of the interface thereof, and further, the surface of the portion of the side face where the interface between the first liquid and second liquid, and the neighborhood of the interface are positioned), and the surface of the portion of the second partition plate where at least the interface between the third liquid and fourth liquid are positioned (specifically, the surface of the portion of the second partition plate positioned on the interface between the third liquid and fourth liquid, and the neighborhood of the interface thereof, and further, the surface of the portion of the side face where the interface between the third liquid and fourth liquid, and the neighborhood of the interface are positioned), alternatively, the surface of the portion of the first partition plate where at least the interface between the first liquid and second liquid are positioned (specifically, the surface of the portion of the first partition plate positioned on the interface between the first liquid and second liquid, and the neighborhood of the interface thereof,
  • water-repellent processing examples include a method for subjecting polyparaxylylene to film formation using the CVD method, and a method for subjecting a material such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) which is fluorine polymer, PTF (polytetrafluoroethylene), etc., to coating.
  • a material such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) which is fluorine polymer, PTF (polytetrafluoroethylene), etc.
  • the surface of the partition plate may be subjected to coating with a layered structure of a combination between a high dielectric constant material and a water-repellent material.
  • length L CL-1 in the second direction (the direction parallel to the Y axis) of the first cylindrical lens
  • length L CL-2 in the first direction (the direction parallel to the Z axis) of the second cylindrical lens
  • the optical device having the 1-1'st, 1-2'nd, 1-3'rd, 2-1'st, 2-2'nd, or 2-3'rd configuration, or length 2b along the X-Y plane of the cylindrical lens with the optical device having the 3rd configuration to equal to or smaller than capillary tube length ⁇ -1 .
  • the capillary tube length ⁇ -1 represents the maximum length wherein influence of gravity can be ignored as to interface tension, and specifically, if we say that the interface tension between electroconductive liquid and insulating liquid is ⁇ , the density difference between the electroconductive liquid and insulating liquid.is ⁇ , and gravitational acceleration is g, the capillary tube length ⁇ -1 can be represented with the following Expression (B).
  • ⁇ - 1 ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ g 1 / 2
  • the capillary tube length ⁇ -1 differs depending on the types of the two media making up the interface.
  • the interface tension, density difference, and capillary tube length in each case of a case wherein the two media are water and air, and a case wherein the two media are water and oil are shown in the following Table 1.
  • the capillary tube length ( ⁇ -1 ) is 2.7 mm in the case of water and air
  • the capillary tube length ( ⁇ -1 ) is 15.2 mm in the case of water and oil. Accordingly, the density difference between the electroconductive liquid and insulating liquid ( ⁇ ) is reduced to 0.0129, whereby the length L CL-1 , L CL-1 , and 2b can be set to the maximum 15.2 mm.
  • the intensity distribution state of light can be changed by employing an electrowetting phenomenon, and moreover, the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group of which the axes extend in a different direction are disposed in three dimensions, so an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped serves as a lens, thereby preventing a problem wherein the aberrations at the four corner portions of the liquid lens element become great, as with the related art, from occurring. Also, the occupied area of the lens can be readily increased, and also great optical power can be obtained. Further, the cylindrical lens groups are disposed in an array manner, whereby a thin optical device can be realized. Also, the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group of which the axes extend in a different direction are disposed in three dimensions, whereby the intensity distribution of light can be controlled in multiple directions independently.
  • the intensity distribution state of light can be changed by employing an electrowetting phenomenon, and moreover, the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group of which the axes extend in a different direction are disposed in three dimensions, so an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped serves as a lens, whereby greater optical power than that in the related art can be obtained, and the change amount of optical power can be increased. Also, the cylindrical lens groups are disposed in an array manner, whereby a thin optical device can be realized.
  • the optical device having the 3rd configuration is an optical device wherein the multiple cylindrical lenses each made up of a liquid lens are arrayed, so the occupied areas of the lenses can be readily increased, and great optical power can be obtained.
  • the plane shape of each cylindrical lens chamber is a rectangle with four rounded corners, whereby the aberrations at the four corners of the cylindrical lens can be reduced.
  • the multiple cylindrical lenses are disposed in an array manner, whereby a thin optical device can be realized.
  • the optical device having the 3rd configuration providing a driving unit such as a motor or the like is not indispensable, whereby reduction in the number of components, reduction in size, reduction in thickness, and low cost of the optical device can be realized, and further, there is no component to which mechanical force is applied, thereby providing advantages such as longer operating life, high reliability, and occurrence of no sound at all, and with voltage control as well, almost no electric current flows, whereby low consumption power can be realized.
  • the third embodiment relates to the optical device having the 1-1'st or 1-3'rd configuration, and specifically relates to the optical device having the 1-1-A'th or 1-1-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 3A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the third embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 3B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the third embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the third embodiment further includes a housing 30 having
  • a first chamber 13 is configured of the first face 31, partition face 34, and a portion of the side face 33
  • a second chamber 14 is configured of the second face 32, partition face 34, and the remaining portion of the side face 33
  • a first partition plate 35 is disposed within the first chamber 13, which extends in the first direction (the direction parallel to the Z axis), and partitions between the first cylindrical lenses 11
  • a second partition plate 37 is disposed within the second chamber 14, which extends in the second direction (the direction parallel to the Y axis), and partitions between the second cylindrical lenses 12,
  • the first chamber 13 is occupied with first liquid 21 and second liquid 22 which make up a liquid lens serving as the first cylindrical lens 11
  • the second chamber 14 is occupied with third liquid 23 and fourth liquid 24 which make up a liquid lens serving as the second cylindrical lens 12.
  • the surface of the portion of the first partition plate 35 where at least the interface between the first liquid 21 and second liquid 22 are positioned (specifically, the surface of the portion of the first partition plate 35 positioned on the interface between the first liquid 21 and second liquid 22, and the neighborhood of the interface thereof, and further, the surface of the portion of the side face 33 where the interface between the first liquid 21 and second liquid 22, and the neighborhood of the interface are positioned), and the surface of the portion of the second partition plate 37 where at least the interface between the third liquid 23 and fourth liquid 24 are positioned (specifically, the surface of the portion of the second partition plate 37 positioned on the interface between the third liquid 23 and fourth liquid 24, and the neighborhood of the interface thereof, and further, the surface of the portion of the side face 33 where the interface between the third liquid 23 and fourth liquid 24, and the neighborhood of the interface are positioned) have been subjected to water-repellent processing.
  • a water-repellent processing layer 36 is formed on the side face of the first partition plate 35 (further more specifically, on a first insulating film 45 formed on the side face of the first partition plate 35), and a water-repellent processing layer 38 is formed on the side face of the second partition plate 37 (further more specifically, on a second insulating film 46 formed on the side face of the second partition plate 37).
  • the water-repellent processing layer 36 is formed on the first insulating film 45 formed on the side face 33
  • the water-repellent processing layer 38 is formed on the second insulating film 46 formed on the side face 33.
  • a water-repellent processing layer may be formed on the entire area of the first insulating film 45 and second insulating film 46. This is true for later-described fourth through ninth embodiments, and sixteenth through twenty-second embodiments.
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 to the partition face 34
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 to the partition face 34.
  • the optical device according to the third embodiment the first liquid 21 and third liquid 23 have electroconductivity, and the second liquid 22 and fourth liquid 24 have insulation properties. This is true for later-described fourth through ninth embodiments, and sixteenth through twenty-second embodiments.
  • a first electrode 41 adjacent to the first liquid 21, and a second electrode 42 insulated from the first liquid 21 are disposed within the first chamber 13.
  • a third electrode 43 adjacent to the third liquid 23, and a fourth electrode 44 insulated from the third liquid 23 are disposed within the second chamber 14.
  • the second electrode 42 is adjacent to the interface between the first liquid 21 and second liquid 22 through the first insulating film 45
  • the fourth electrode 44 is adjacent to the interface between the third liquid 23 and fourth liquid 24 through the second insulating film 46.
  • the first electrode 41 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face 31
  • the third electrode 43 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face 32.
  • the second electrode 42 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making the first chamber 13 in a state covered with the first insulating film 45, and the fourth electrode 44 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making the second chamber 14 in a state covered with the second insulating film 46. Further, the second electrode 42 is also provided on the side face of the first partition plate 35 in a state covered with the first insulating film 45, and the fourth electrode 44 is also provided on the side face of the second partition plate 37 in a state covered with the second insulating film 46. Thus, the second electrode 42 is covered with the first insulating film 45, and the fourth electrode 44 is covered with the second insulating film 46.
  • the second electrode 42 may be provided extending on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the first chamber 13 in a state covered with the first insulating film 45
  • the fourth electrode 44 may be provided extending on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the second chamber 14 in a state covered with the fourth insulating film 46.
  • the first liquid 21 and second liquid 22 are insoluble and unmixed, and separated at the interface, and this interface makes up a lens face.
  • the third liquid 23 and fourth liquid 24 are insoluble and unmixed, and separated at the interface, and this interface makes up a lens face.
  • the first face 31, second face 32, and partition face 34 are made of glass or a resin such as an acrylic resin or the like
  • the side face 33, first partition plate 35, and second partition plate 37 are made of glass or a resin such as an acrylic resin or the like
  • the first liquid 21 and third liquid 23 are made of lithium-chloride solution, the density thereof is 1.06 g/cm 3 , and the refractive index thereof is 1.34
  • the second liquid 22 and fourth liquid 24 are made of silicone oil (TSF437, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials Japan LLC (former name: GE TOSHIBA Silicone Co.
  • the water-repellent processing layers 36 and 38 are made up of polyparaxylylene or fluorine polymer.
  • the transparent electrodes (the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 with the third embodiment and later-described sixteenth embodiment) are made of ITO, and in a case wherein transparency is not indispensable, the electrodes are made of a metal electrode such as gold, aluminium, copper, silver, or the like.
  • the first insulating film 45 and second insulating film 46 are made of metal oxides, such as polyparaxylylene, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, or the like.
  • the plane shape of the housing 30 (or later-described housing 130) is a square. The above-mentioned matters are true for later-described fourth through twenty-eighth embodiments as long as there is no notice otherwise in particular.
  • first electrode 41, second electrode 42, third electrode 43, and fourth electrode 44 are connected to an external control circuit through an unshown connection unit, and desired voltage is applied thereto. Subsequently, upon voltage being applied between the first electrode 41 and second electrode 42, a lens face made up of the interface between the first liquid 21 and second liquid 22 is changed from the state protruding upward shown in Fig. 3A to a state protruding downward. On the other hand, upon voltage being applied between the third electrode 43 and fourth electrode 44, a lens face made up of the interface between the third liquid 23 and fourth liquid 24 is changed from the state protruding downward shown in Fig. 3B to a state protruding upward.
  • optical power at the first cylindrical lens group, and optical power at the second cylindrical lens group independently vary, whereby the focal distance of a lens formed by the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group (specifically, lens made up of an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped) can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided. This is true for later-described fourth through sixth embodiments.
  • the size in the first direction (the direction parallel to the Z axis) of an emission area of the emission unit 2 is L e-1
  • the size in the second direction (the direction parallel to the Y axis) is L e-2
  • the length in the first direction of an area to be lightened by the lighting system is L i-1
  • the length in the second direction (the direction parallel to the Y axis) is L i-2
  • a light distribution rate (optical magnifying power) in the second direction of the first cylindrical lenses is P 1-2
  • a light distribution rate (optical magnifying power) in the first direction of the second cylindrical lenses is P 2-1
  • k is a constant
  • the light distribution rate P 2-1 in the first direction of the second cylindrical lenses are controlled so as to satisfy the following expression.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein k is obtained from the size of a xenon tube to be used, and the value of L i-2 / L i-1 , and further, and the light distribution rate (optical magnifying power) P 1-2 in the second direction of the first cylindrical lenses, and the light distribution rate (optical magnifying power) P 2-1 in the first direction of the second cylindrical lenses are determined from the value of the obtained k. Subsequently, optical power at the first cylindrical lens group and optical power at the first cylindrical lens group whereby the light distribution rate (optical magnifying power) P 1-2 and P 2-1 can be obtained are determined by performing various types of examinations, thereby storing the voltage to be applied to the electrodes of the optical device in the strobe device.
  • control of the light distribution rates can be applied to control of a lighting system to which the optical device according to any of later-described fourth through fifteenth embodiments is embedded.
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be made common in some cases.
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the second electrode 42 may be formed integral with the fourth electrode 44.
  • the first electrode 41 may be provided extending on the inner face of the side face 33 from the inner face of the first face 31 making up the first chamber 13
  • the third electrode 43 may be provided extending on the inner face of the side face 33 from the inner face of the second face 32 making up the second chamber 14. This is true for later-described fourth through sixth, and sixteenth through nineteenth embodiments.
  • the fourth embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-1-B'th or 1-1-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 4A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the fourth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 4B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the fourth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 to the partition face 34
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 to the partition face 34.
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 toward the partition face 34
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 toward the partition face 34, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the fourth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the third embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the second electrode 42 is provided on the inner face of the partition face 34, the inner face of the side face 33, and the side face of the first partition plate 35, which make up the first chamber 13
  • the fourth electrode 44 is provided on the inner face of the partition face 34, the inner face of the side face 33, and the side face of the second partition plate 37, which make up the second chamber 14, but the optical device according to the fourth embodiment is not restricted to such an arrangement and configuration.
  • the portion of the second electrode 42 provided on the inner face of the side face 33 is formed integral with the portion of the second electrode 42 provided on the side face of the first partition plate 35 at an unshown area
  • the portion of the fourth electrode 44 provided on the inner face of the side face 33 is formed integral with the portion of the fourth electrode 44 provided on the side face of the second partition plate 37 at an unshown area.
  • the fifth embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-1-C'th or 1-1-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 6A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the fifth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 6B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the fifth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the partition face 34 toward the first face 31, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and on the other hand, the second partition plate 37 extends from the partition face 34 toward the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the fifth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the third embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the sixth embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-1-D'th or 1-1-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 7A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the sixth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 7B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the sixth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the sixth embodiment there is a gap between the bottom face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and there is a gap between the bottom face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the sixth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the third embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the optical device according to the sixth embodiment is not restricted to such an arrangement and configuration.
  • Fig. 8A of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of a modification of the optical device according to the sixth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis) and as shown in Fig.
  • the portion of the second electrode 42 provided on the inner face of the side face 33 is formed integral with the portion of the second electrode 42 provided on the side face of the first partition plate 35 at an unshown area
  • the portion of the fourth electrode 44 provided on the inner face of the side face 33 is formed integral with the portion of the fourth electrode 44 provided on the side face of the second partition plate 37 at an unshown area.
  • the seventh embodiment is a modification of the fourth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-1-B'th or 1-1-b'th configuration.
  • a point wherein the seventh embodiment or later-described eighth and ninth embodiments differ from the third embodiment, and fifth and sixth embodiments is that the layout of the first liquid 21 and third liquid 23, and the layout of the second liquid 22 and fourth liquid 24 are inverted vertically.
  • Fig. 9A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the seventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 9B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the seventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first electrode 41 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13, and the third electrode 43 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14.
  • the second electrode 42 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face 31, the inner face of the side face 33, and the side face of the first partition plate 35 in a state covered with the first insulating film 45
  • the fourth electrode 44 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face 32, the inner face of the side face 33, and the side face of the second partition plate 37 in a state covered with the second insulating film 46.
  • the first electrode 41 is provided extending on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the first chamber 13
  • the third electrode 43 is provided extending on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the second chamber 14.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the seventh embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the fourth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 toward the partition face 34
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 toward the partition face 34, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the first electrode 41 is provided extending on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the first chamber 13
  • the third electrode 43 is provided extending on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the second chamber 14,
  • the optical device according to the seventh embodiment is not restricted to such an arrangement and configuration.
  • Fig. 10A of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of a modification of the optical device according to the seventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis), and as shown in Fig.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be made common in some cases.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the first electrode 41 may be formed integral with the third electrode 43. This is true for later-described eighth and ninth embodiments.
  • Fig. 11A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of a modification of the optical device according to the seventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 11B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the modification of the optical device according to the seventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • This modification is a modification of the third embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-1-A'th or 1-1-b'th configuration.
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 to the partition face 34
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 to the partition face 34.
  • the first electrode 41 extends on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the first chamber 13
  • the third electrode 43 extends on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the second chamber 14
  • the second electrode 42 extends on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13
  • the fourth electrode 44 extends on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14.
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be made common as appropriate.
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the second electrode 42 may be formed integral with the fourth electrode 44. Also, though not shown in the drawing, an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode 41 is provided only on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13, and the third electrode 43 is provided only on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14.
  • first electrode 41, second electrode 42, third electrode 43, and fourth electrode 44 are connected to an external control circuit through an unshown connection unit, and desired voltage is applied thereto. Subsequently, upon voltage being applied between the first electrode 41 and second electrode 42, a lens face made up of the interface between.the first liquid 21 and second liquid 22 is changed from the state protruding downward shown in Figs. 9A , 10A , and 11A to a state protruding upward. On the other hand, upon voltage being applied between the third electrode 43 and fourth electrode 44, a lens face made up of the interface between the third liquid 23 and fourth liquid 24 is changed from the state protruding upward shown in Figs.
  • optical power at the first cylindrical lens group, and optical power at the second cylindrical lens group independently vary, whereby the focal distance of a lens formed by the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group (specifically, lens made up of an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped) can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided. This is true for later-described eighth and ninth embodiments.
  • the eighth embodiment is also a modification of the third embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-1-C'th or 1-1-b'th configuration.
  • Fig. 12A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the eighth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 12B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the eighth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the partition face 34 toward the first face 31, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and on the other hand, the second partition plate 37 extends from the partition face 34 toward the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the eighth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the seventh embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be made common, and the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be made common, as appropriate.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be configured of a common electrode
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the ninth embodiment is also a modification of the third embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-1-D'th or 1-1-b'th configuration, and relates to a combination of the sixth and seventh embodiments.
  • Fig. 14A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the ninth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 14B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the ninth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the ninth embodiment there is a gap between the bottom face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and there is a gap between the bottom face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the ninth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the seventh embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the optical device according to the ninth embodiment is not restricted to such an arrangement and configuration.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be made common, and the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be made common, as appropriate.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be configured of a common electrode
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the tenth embodiment relates to the optical device having the 1-2'nd or 1-3'rd configuration, and specifically relates to the optical device having the 1-2-A'th or 1-2-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 16A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the tenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 16B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the tenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the tenth embodiment further includes a housing 130 having
  • a first chamber 13 is configured of the first face 31, and a portion of the side face 33, a second chamber 14 is configured of the second face 32, and the remaining portion of the side face 33, the first chamber 13 and second chamber 14 are communicated, a first partition plate 35 is disposed within the first chamber 13, which extends in the first direction (the direction parallel to the Z axis), and partitions between the first cylindrical lenses 11, a second partition plate 37 is disposed within the second chamber 14, which extends in the second direction (the direction parallel to the Y axis), and partitions between the second cylindrical lenses 12, the first chamber 13 is occupied with first liquid 121 and second liquid 122 which make up a liquid lens serving as the first cylindrical lens 11, and the second chamber 14 is occupied with third liquid 123 and second liquid 122 which make up a liquid lens serving as the second cylindrical lens 12.
  • the surface of the portion of the first partition plate 35 where at least the interface between the first liquid 121 and second liquid 122 are positioned (specifically, the surface of the portion of the first partition plate 35 positioned on the interface between the first liquid 121 and second liquid 122, and the neighborhood of the interface thereof, and further, the surface of the portion of the side face 33 where the interface between the first liquid 121 and second liquid 122, and the neighborhood of the interface are positioned), and the surface of the portion of the second partition plate 37 where at least the interface between the third liquid 123 and second liquid 122 are positioned (specifically, the surface of the portion of the second partition plate 37 positioned on the interface between the third liquid 123 and second liquid 122, and the neighborhood of the interface thereof, and further, the surface of the portion of the side face 33 where the interface between the third liquid 123 and second liquid 122, and the neighborhood of the interface are positioned) have been subjected to water-repellent processing.
  • a water-repellent processing layer 36 is formed on the side face of the first partition plate 35 (further more specifically, on an insulating film 145 formed on the side face of the first partition plate 35), and a water-repellent processing layer 38 is formed on the side face of the second partition plate 37 (further more specifically, on the insulating film 145 formed on the side face of the second partition plate 37). Also, the water-repellent processing layer 36 is formed on the insulating film 145 formed on the side face 33. This configuration is true for later-described eleventh through fifteenth embodiments, and twenty-third through twenty-eighth embodiments. Note that a water-repellent processing layer may be formed on the entire area of the insulating film 145. This is true for later-described eleventh through fifteenth embodiments, and twenty-third through twenty-eighth embodiments.
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 to the second face 32
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 to the first face 31, and there is a gap between the top of the first partition plate 35 and the top of the second partition plate 37.
  • the first liquid 121 and third liquid 123 have electroconductivity
  • the second liquid 122 has insulation properties. This is true for later-described eleventh through thirteenth embodiments, and twenty-third through twenty-sixth embodiments.
  • a first electrode 41 adjacent to the first liquid 121, and a second electrode 42 insulated from the first liquid 121 are disposed within the first chamber 13, and a third electrode 43 adjacent to the third liquid 123, and a fourth electrode 44 insulated from the third liquid 123 are disposed within the second chamber 14.
  • the second electrode 42 is adjacent to the interface between the first liquid 121 and second liquid 122 through the insulating film 145
  • the fourth electrode 44 is adjacent to the interface between the third liquid 123 and second liquid 122 through the insulating film 145.
  • the first electrode 41 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face 31
  • the third electrode 43 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face 32.
  • the second electrode 42 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 and the side face of the first partition plate 35, which make the first chamber 13, in a state covered with the insulating film 145
  • the fourth electrode 44 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 and the side face of the second partition plate 37, which make the second chamber 14, in a state covered with the insulating film 145.
  • the first liquid 121 and second liquid 122 are insoluble and unmixed, and separated at the interface, and this interface makes up a lens face. Also, the third liquid 123 and second liquid 122 are insoluble and unmixed, and separated at the interface, and this interface makes up a lens face.
  • first electrode 41, second electrode 42, third electrode 43, and fourth electrode 44 are connected to an external control circuit through an unshown connection unit, and desired voltage is applied thereto. Subsequently, upon voltage being applied between the first electrode 41 and second electrode 42, a lens face made up of the interface between the first liquid 121 and second liquid 122 is changed from the state protruding upward shown in Fig. 16A to a state protruding downward. On the other hand, upon voltage being applied between the third electrode 43 and fourth electrode 44, a lens face made up of the interface between the third liquid 123 and second liquid 122 is changed from the state protruding downward shown in Fig. 16B to a state protruding upward.
  • optical power at the first cylindrical lens group, and optical power at the second cylindrical lens group independently vary, whereby the focal distance of a lens formed by the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group (specifically, lens made up of an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped) can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided.
  • the components disposed on the optical path can be reduced, and also improvement in optical transmittance can be realized. This is true for later-described eleventh through fifteenth embodiments.
  • the second electrode and fourth electrode may be made common.
  • the second electrode and fourth electrode may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the second electrode may be formed integral with the fourth electrode.
  • Fig. 17A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of such an optical device according to the tenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 17B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the tenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • an electrode obtained by making the second electrode and fourth electrode common is shown with the second electrode 42.
  • the eleventh embodiment is a modification of the tenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-2-B'th or 1-2-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 18A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the eleventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 18B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the eleventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the eleventh embodiment there is a gap between the bottom face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and there is a gap between the bottom face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the eleventh embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the tenth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the second electrode and fourth electrode may be made common.
  • the second electrode and fourth electrode may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the second electrode may be formed integral with the fourth electrode.
  • Fig. 19A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of such an optical device according to the eleventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 19B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the eleventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • an electrode obtained by making the second electrode and fourth electrode common is shown with the second electrode 42.
  • the twelfth embodiment is also a modification of the tenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-2-A'th or 1-2-b'th configuration.
  • Fig. 20A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twelfth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 20B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twelfth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first electrode 41 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13
  • the third electrode 43 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14
  • the second electrode 42 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face 31, the side face of the first partition plate 35, and the side face 33 in a state covered with the insulating film 145
  • the fourth electrode 44 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face 32, the side face of the second partition plate 37, and the side face 33 in a state covered with the insulating film 145.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the twelfth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the tenth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the thirteenth embodiment is a modification of the eleventh embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-2-B'th or 1-2-b'th configuration.
  • Fig. 21A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 21B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first electrode 41 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13
  • the third electrode 43 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14
  • the second electrode 42 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face 31, the side face of the first partition plate 35, and the side face 33 in a state covered with the insulating film 145
  • the fourth electrode 44 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face 32, the side face of the second partition plate 37, and the side face 33 in a state covered with the insulating film 145.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the thirteenth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the eleventh embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the fourteenth embodiment is also a modification of the tenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-2-A'th or 1-2-c'th configuration.
  • a point wherein the fourteenth embodiment or later-described fifteenth embodiment differs from the eleventh embodiment or twelfth embodiment is that the composition and layout of the first liquid, second liquid, and third liquid differ.
  • Fig. 22A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the fourteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 22B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the fourteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • first liquid 221 and third liquid 223 have insulation properties
  • second liquid 222 has electroconductivity.
  • a second electrode 42 adjacent to the second liquid 222, and a first electrode 41 insulated from the second liquid 222 are disposed within the first chamber 13, and a second electrode 42 adjacent to the second liquid 222, and a third electrode 43 insulated from the second liquid 222 are disposed within the second chamber 14.
  • the first electrode 41 is adjacent to the interface between the first liquid 221 and second liquid 222 through a first insulating film 45
  • the third electrode 43 is adjacent to the interface between the third liquid 223 and second liquid 222 through a second insulating film 46.
  • the second electrode 42 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33
  • the first electrode 41 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face 31, the side face of the first partition plate 35, and the side face 33 in a state covered with the first insulating film 45
  • the third electrode 43 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face 32, the side face of the second partition plate 37, and the side face 33 in a state covered with the second insulating film 46.
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 toward the second face 32
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 toward the first face 31, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • first electrode 41, second electrode 42, third electrode 43, and fourth electrode 44 are connected to an external control circuit through an unshown connection unit, and desired voltage is applied thereto. Subsequently, upon voltage being applied between the second electrode 42 and first electrode 41, a lens face made up of the interface between the second liquid 222 and first liquid 221 is changed from the state protruding downward shown in Fig. 22A to a state protruding upward. On the other hand, upon voltage being applied between the second electrode 42 and third electrode 43, a lens face made up of the interface between the second liquid 222 and third liquid 223 is changed from the state protruding upward shown in Fig. 22B to a state protruding downward.
  • optical power at the first cylindrical lens group, and optical power at the second cylindrical lens group independently vary, whereby the focal distance of a lens formed by the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group (specifically, lens made up of an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped) can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided. This is true for later-described fifteenth embodiment.
  • the fifteenth embodiment is a modification of the fourteenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 1-2-B'th or 1-2-c'th configuration.
  • Fig. 23A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the fifteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 23B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the fifteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the fifteenth embodiment there is a gap between the bottom face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and there is a gap between the bottom face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the fifteenth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the fourteenth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the portion of the first electrode 41 provided on the inner face of the first face 31, and the portion of the first electrode 41 provided on the side face of the first partition plate 35 are united with an unshown area, and the portion of the third electrode 43 provided on the inner face of the second face 32, and the portion of the third electrode 43 provided on the side face of the second partition plate 37 are united with an unshown area.
  • the sixteenth embodiment relates to the optical device having the 2-1'st or 2-3'rd configuration, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-1-A'th or 2-1-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 24A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the sixteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 24B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the sixteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the sixteenth embodiment is configured by the multiple cylindrical lenses 11 and 12 each made up of a liquid lens being apposed within the housing 30.
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 to the partition face 34
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 to the partition face 34.
  • first electrode 41, second electrode 42, third electrode 43, and fourth electrode 44 are connected to an external control circuit through an unshown connection unit, and desired voltage is applied thereto. Subsequently, upon voltage being applied between the first electrode 41 and second electrode 42, a lens face made up of the interface between the first liquid 21 and second liquid 22 is changed from the state protruding upward shown in Fig. 24A to a state protruding downward. On the other hand, upon voltage being applied between the third electrode 43 and fourth electrode 44, a lens face made up of the interface between the third liquid 23 and fourth liquid 24 is changed from the state protruding downward shown in Fig. 24A to a state protruding upward.
  • optical power at the first cylindrical lens group, and optical power at the second cylindrical lens group independently vary, whereby the focal distance of a lens formed by the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group (specifically, lens made up of an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped) can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided.
  • optical power at the first cylindrical lens group, and optical power at the second cylindrical lens group independently vary, whereby the focal distance of a lens formed by the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group (specifically, lens made up of an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped) can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided.
  • the seventeenth embodiment is a modification of the sixteenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-1-B'th or 2-1-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 25A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the seventeenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 25B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the seventeenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 toward the partition face 34
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 toward the partition face 34, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the seventeenth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the sixteenth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the second electrode 42 is provided on the inner face of the partition face 34, the inner face of the side face 33, and the side face of the first partition plate 35, which make up the first chamber 13
  • the fourth electrode 44 is provided on the inner face of the partition face 34, the inner face of the side face 33, and the side face of the second partition plate 37, which make up the second chamber 14, but the optical device according to the seventeenth embodiment is not restricted to such an arrangement and configuration.
  • Fig. 26A of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of a modification of the optical device according to the seventeenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • the portion of the second electrode 42 provided on the inner face of the side face 33 is formed integral with the portion of the second electrode 42 provided on the side face of the first partition plate 35 at an unshown area
  • the portion of the fourth electrode 44 provided on the inner face of the side face 33 is formed integral with the portion of the fourth electrode 44 provided on the side face of the second partition plate 37 at an unshown area.
  • the eighteenth embodiment is also a modification of the sixteenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-1-C'th or 2-1-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 27A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the eighteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 27B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the eighteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the partition face 34 toward the first face 31, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31.
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the partition face 34 toward the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32.
  • the nineteenth embodiment is also a modification of the sixteenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-1-D'th or 2-1-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 28A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the nineteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 28B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the nineteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the nineteenth embodiment there is a gap between the bottom face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and there is a gap between the bottom face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the nineteenth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the sixteenth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the optical device according to the nineteenth embodiment is not restricted to such an arrangement and configuration.
  • Fig. 29A of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of a modification of the optical device according to the nineteenth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis) and as shown in Fig.
  • the portion of the second electrode 42 provided on the inner face of the side face 33 is formed integral with the portion of the second electrode 42 provided on the side face of the first partition plate 35 at an unshown area
  • the portion of the fourth electrode 44 provided on the inner face of the side face 33 is formed integral with the portion of the fourth electrode 44 provided on the side face of the second partition plate 37 at an unshown area.
  • the first partition plate and second partition plate have the same configuration, this is true for later-described twenty-second, twenty-fourth, and twenty-sixth embodiments.
  • the twentieth embodiment is a modification of the seventeenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-1-B'th or 2-1-b'th configuration.
  • a point wherein the twentieth embodiment or later-described twenty-first and twenty-second embodiments differs from the sixteenth embodiment or eighteenth and nineteenth embodiments is that the layout of the first liquid 21 and second liquid 22 is inverted vertically from the layout of the second liquid 22 and fourth liquid 24.
  • Fig. 30A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twentieth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 30B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twentieth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first electrode 41 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13, and the third electrode 43 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14, and on the other hand, the second electrode 42 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face 31, the inner face of the side face 33, and the side face of the first partition plate 35 in a state covered with the first insulating film 45, and the fourth electrode 44 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face 32, the inner face of the side face 33, and the side face of the second partition plate 37 in a state covered with the second insulating film 46.
  • the first electrode 41 extends on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the first chamber 13
  • the third electrode 43 extends on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the second chamber 14.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the twentieth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the seventeenth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 toward the partition face 34
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 toward the partition face 34, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the optical device according to the twentieth embodiment is not restricted to such an arrangement and configuration.
  • Fig. 31A of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of a modification of the optical device according to the twentieth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis), and as shown in Fig.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be made common in some cases.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the first electrode 41 may be formed integral with the third electrode 43. This is true for later-described twenty-first through twenty-second embodiments.
  • Fig. 32A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of another modification of the optical device according to the twentieth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 32B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the other modification of the optical device according to the twentieth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • This modification is a modification of the sixteenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-1-A'th or 2-1-b'th configuration.
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 to the partition face 34
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 to the partition face 34.
  • the first electrode 41 extends on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the first chamber 13
  • the third electrode 43 extends on the inner face of the partition face 34 making up the second chamber 14
  • the second electrode 42 extends on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13
  • the fourth electrode 44 extends on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14.
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be made common as appropriate.
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the second electrode 42 may be formed integral with the fourth electrode 44. Also, though not shown in the drawing, an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode 41 is provided only on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13, and the third electrode 43 is provided only on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14.
  • first electrode 41, second electrode 42, third electrode 43, and fourth electrode 44 are connected to an external control circuit through an unshown connection unit, and desired voltage is applied thereto. Subsequently, upon voltage being applied between the first electrode 41 and second electrode 42, a lens face made up of the interface between the first liquid 21 and second liquid 22 is changed from the state protruding downward shown in Figs. 30A , 31A , and 32A to a state protruding upward. On the other hand, upon voltage being applied between the third electrode 43 and fourth electrode 44, a lens face made up of the interface between the third liquid 23 and fourth liquid 24 is changed from the state protruding upward shown in Figs.
  • optical power at the first cylindrical lens group, and optical power at the second cylindrical lens group independently vary, whereby the focal distance of a lens formed by the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group (specifically, lens made up of an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped) can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided. This is true for later-described twenty-first and twenty-second embodiments.
  • the twenty-first embodiment is also a modification of the sixteenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-1-C'th or 2-1-b'th configuration, and relates to a combination of the twentieth embodiment and eighteenth embodiment.
  • Fig. 33A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-first embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 33B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-first embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the partition face 34 toward the first face 31, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and on the other hand, the second partition plate 37 extends from the partition face 34 toward the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the twenty-first embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the twentieth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • Fig. 34B of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the modification of the optical device according to the twenty-first embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis) in the same way described with the modification of the twentieth embodiment, an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode 41 is provided only on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13, and the third electrode 43 is provided only on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14.
  • Such an arrangement is employed, whereby the electrodes disposed on the optical path can be reduced, and also improvement in optical transmittance can be realized.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be made common, and the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be made common, as appropriate.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be configured of a common electrode
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the twenty-second embodiment is also a modification of the sixteenth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-1-D'th or 2-1-b'th configuration, and relates to a combination of the twentieth and nineteenth embodiments.
  • Fig. 35A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-second embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 35B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-second embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the twenty-second embodiment there is a gap between the bottom face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and there is a gap between the bottom face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the twenty-second embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the twentieth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the optical device according to the twenty-second embodiment is not restricted to such an arrangement and configuration.
  • Fig. 36A of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of a modification of the optical device according to the twenty-second embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis), and as shown in Fig.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be made common, and the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be made common, as appropriate.
  • the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 may be configured of a common electrode
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the twenty-third embodiment relates to the optical device having the 2-2'nd or 2-3'rd configuration, and specifically relates to the optical device having the 2-2-A'th or 2-2-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 37A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-third embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 37B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-third embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 toward the second face 32
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 to the first face 31, and there is a gap between the top of the first partition plate 35 and the top of the second partition plate 37.
  • a first electrode 41 adjacent to the first liquid 121, and a second electrode 42 insulated from the first liquid 121 are disposed within the first chamber 13, and a third electrode 43 adjacent to the third liquid 123, and a fourth electrode 44 insulated from the third liquid 123 are disposed within the second chamber 14.
  • the second electrode 42 is adjacent to the interface between the first liquid 121 and second liquid 122 through the insulating film 145
  • the fourth electrode 44 is adjacent to the interface between the third liquid 123 and second liquid 122 through the insulating film 145.
  • the first electrode 41 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face 31
  • the third electrode 43 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face 32.
  • the second electrode 42 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 and the side face of the first partition plate 35, which make the first chamber 13, in a state covered with the insulating film 145
  • the fourth electrode 44 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 and the side face of the second partition plate 37, which make the second chamber 14, in a state covered with the insulating film 145.
  • first electrode 41, second electrode 42, third electrode 43, and fourth electrode 44 are connected to an external control circuit through an unshown connection unit, and desired voltage is applied thereto. Subsequently, upon voltage being applied between the first electrode 41 and second electrode 42, a lens face made up of the interface between the first liquid 121 and second liquid 122 is changed from the state protruding upward shown in Fig. 37A to a state protruding downward. On the other hand, upon voltage being applied between the third electrode 43 and fourth electrode 44, a lens face made up of the interface between the third liquid 123 and second liquid 122 is changed from the state protruding downward shown in Fig. 37A to a state protruding upward.
  • optical power at the first cylindrical lens group, and optical power at the second cylindrical lens group independently vary, whereby the focal distance of a lens formed by the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group (specifically, lens made up of an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped) can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided.
  • optical power at the first cylindrical lens group, and optical power at the second cylindrical lens group independently vary, whereby the focal distance of a lens formed by the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group (specifically, lens made up of an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped) can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided.
  • the components disposed on the optical path can be reduced, and also improvement in optical transmittance can be realized. This is true for later-described twenty-fourth through twenty-eighth embodiments
  • the second electrode and fourth electrode may be made common.
  • the second electrode and fourth electrode may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the second electrode may be formed integral with the fourth electrode.
  • Fig. 38A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of such an optical device according to the twenty-third embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 37B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-third embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • an electrode obtained by making the second electrode and fourth electrode common is shown with the second electrode 42.
  • the twenty-fourth embodiment is a modification of the twenty-third embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-2-B'th or 2-2-a'th configuration.
  • Fig. 39A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-fourth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 39B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-fourth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the twenty-fourth embodiment there is a gap between the bottom face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and there is a gap between the bottom face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the twenty-fourth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the twenty-third embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the second electrode and fourth electrode may be made common.
  • the second electrode and fourth electrode may be configured of a common electrode.
  • the second electrode may be formed integral with the fourth electrode.
  • Fig. 40A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of such an optical device according to the twenty-fourth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 40B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-fourth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • an electrode obtained by making the second electrode and fourth electrode common is shown with the second electrode 42.
  • the twenty-fifth embodiment is also a modification of the twenty-third embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-2-A'th or 2-2-b'th configuration.
  • Fig. 41A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-fifth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 41B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-fifth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first electrode 41 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13
  • the third electrode 43 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14
  • the second electrode 42 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face 31, the side face of the first partition plate 35, and the side face 33 in a state covered with the insulating film 145
  • the fourth electrode 44 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face 32, the side face of the second partition plate 37, and the side face 33 in a state covered with the insulating film 145.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the twenty-fifth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the twenty-third embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the twenty-sixth embodiment is a modification of the twenty-fourth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-2-B'th or 2-2-b'th configuration.
  • Fig. 42A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-sixth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 42B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-sixth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first electrode 41 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the first chamber 13
  • the third electrode 43 is provided on the inner face of the side face 33 making up the second chamber 14
  • the second electrode 42 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face 31, the side face of the first partition plate 35, and the side face 33 in a state covered with the insulating film 145
  • the fourth electrode 44 is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face 32, the side face of the second partition plate 37, and the side face 33 in a state covered with the insulating film 145.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the twenty-sixth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the twenty-fourth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the twenty-seventh embodiment is also a modification of the twenty-third embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-2-A'th or 2-2-c'th configuration.
  • a point wherein the twenty-seventh embodiment or later-described twenty-eighth embodiment differs from the twenty-fourth embodiment or twenty-fifth embodiment is that the composition and layout of the first liquid, second liquid, and third liquid differ.
  • Fig. 43A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-seventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 43B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-seventh embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the first partition plate 35 extends from the first face 31 toward the second face 32
  • the second partition plate 37 extends from the second face 32 toward the first face 31, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • first electrode 41, second electrode 42, and third electrode 43 are connected to an external control circuit through an unshown connection unit, and desired voltage is applied thereto. Subsequently, upon voltage being applied between the second electrode 42 and first electrode 41, a lens face made up of the interface between the second liquid 222 and first liquid 221 is changed from the state protruding downward shown in Fig. 43A to a state protruding upward. On the other hand, upon voltage being applied between the second electrode 42 and third electrode 43, a lens face made up of the interface between the second liquid 222 and third liquid 223 is changed from the state protruding upward shown in Fig. 43A to a state protruding downward.
  • optical power at the first cylindrical lens group, and optical power at the second cylindrical lens group independently vary, whereby the focal distance of a lens formed by the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group (specifically, lens made up of an area where the first cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens are overlapped) can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided. This is true for later-described twenty-eighth embodiment.
  • the twenty-eighth embodiment is a modification of the twenty-seventh embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 2-2-B'th or 2-2-c'th configuration.
  • Fig. 44A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-eighth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a second direction (direction parallel to the Y axis)
  • Fig. 44B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-eighth embodiment at a virtual vertical plane in a first direction (direction parallel to the Z axis).
  • the optical device according to the twenty-eighth embodiment there is a gap between the bottom face of the first partition plate 35 and the first face 31, and there is a gap between the bottom face of the second partition plate 37 and the second face 32, and there is a gap between the top face of the first partition plate 35 and the top face of the second partition plate 37.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the twenty-eighth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the twenty-seventh embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the portion of the first electrode 41 provided on the inner face of the first face 31, and the portion of the first electrode 41 provided on the side face of the first partition plate 35 are united with an unshown area, and the portion of the third electrode 43 provided on the inner face of the second face 32, and the portion of the third electrode 43 provided on the side face of the second partition plate 37 are united with an unshown area.
  • the twenty-ninth embodiment relates to the optical device having the third configuration, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 3-1'st configuration.
  • Fig. 45A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-ninth embodiment at an X-Z plane
  • Fig. 45B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the twenty-ninth embodiment at an X-Y plane.
  • Fig. 46 schematically illustrates an array state of a cylindrical lens chamber. Note that, in the drawing, three cylindrical lenses are illustrated for the sake of simplification of the drawing, but the number of cylindrical lenses is not restricted to this.
  • the optical device according to the twenty-ninth embodiment is an optical device where multiple cylindrical lenses 320 each made up of a liquid lens are arrayed, including a housing 310 including
  • Cylindrical lens chambers 310A are configured of the first supporting member 311, the second supporting member 312, and the partition walls 313, each of the cylindrical lens chambers 310A is occupied with a layered structure of first liquid 331 and second liquid 332 making up a liquid crystal lens, and the plane shape of each of the cylindrical lens chambers 310A is a rectangle with four rounded corners.
  • a first electrode 341 adjacent to the first liquid 331 having insulation properties through an insulating film 342, and a second electrode 344 adjacent to the second liquid 332 having electroconductivity are disposed within each of the cylindrical lens chambers 310A.
  • the first liquid 331 and second liquid 332 are insoluble and unmixed, and separated at the interface, and this interface makes up a lens face.
  • the interface between the first liquid 331 and second liquid 332 is positioned on the side face of the partition walls 313.
  • the first electrode 341 is provided on the side face of the partition walls 313, and the second electrode 344 is disposed on the second supporting member 312. Note that the first electrode 341 extends onto the opposed face of the first supporting member 311 from on the side face of the partition walls 313.
  • the above-mentioned configuration is also true for later-described thirtieth through thirty-second embodiments.
  • the surface of the insulating film 342 has been subjected to water-repellent processing.
  • a water-repellent processing layer 343 is formed on the surface of the insulating film 342.
  • a water-repellent processing layer may be formed on the entire area of the insulating film 342. This is also true for later-described thirtieth through thirty-sixth embodiments.
  • the first supporting member 311, second supporting member 312, and partition walls 313 are fabricated of glass or a resin such as an acrylic resin or the like.
  • the first liquid 331 and second liquid 332 are made of silicone oil and lithium-chloride solution.
  • the water-repellent processing layer 343 is made up of polyparaxylylene or fluorine polymer
  • the insulating film 342 is made of metal oxides, such as polyparaxylylene, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, or the like.
  • the first electrode 341 and second electrode 344 are made up of a transparent electrode made of ITO.
  • the electrodes may be made of a metal electrode such as gold, aluminum, copper, silver, or the like.
  • the plane shape of the housing 310 is a square. The above-mentioned matters are true for later-described thirtieth through thirty-sixth embodiments as long as there is no notice otherwise in particular.
  • length 2a along an X-Z plane of the cylindrical lens 320, and length 2b along an X-Y plane have been set as follows.
  • 2 ⁇ a 4 mm
  • 2 ⁇ b 1 mm
  • the "rounded" shape is an arc
  • a dashed dotted line in Fig. 59B illustrates the trajectory a point "A" located in distance r from a center point when the center point is moved to (a - b) from the origin along the Z axis.
  • a solid line in Fig. 59B illustrates the trajectory a point located in distance b from the center point when the center point is moved to (a - b) from the origin along the Z axis, but this trajectory is identical to the side face of the partition walls 313.
  • the value of r 0 may be set so as to satisfy the following relational expression in some cases.
  • a dotted line illustrates r 0 according to the rounded portion as the trajectory of r' 0 , but the length along an X-Y plane of the cylindrical lens 320 is 2b', and b' ⁇ r' 0 holds.
  • optical power at the cylindrical lens 320 independently varies, whereby the focal distance of the cylindrical lens 320 can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided. This is true for later-described thirtieth through thirty-second embodiments.
  • the thirtieth embodiment is a modification of the twenty-ninth embodiment.
  • Fig. 47A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirtieth embodiment at an X-Z plane
  • Fig. 47B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirtieth embodiment at an X-Y plane.
  • the partition walls 313 partitioning the cylindrical lens chambers 310A extends from the first supporting member 311 to the second supporting member 312.
  • the partition walls 313 partitioning the cylindrical lens chambers 310A extends from the second supporting member 312 to the first supporting member 311, but there is a gap between the top of the partition walls 313 and the first supporting member 311.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the thirtieth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the twenty-ninth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the thirty-first embodiment is also a modification of the twenty-ninth embodiment.
  • Fig. 48A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-first embodiment at an X-Z plane
  • Fig. 48B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-first embodiment at an X-Y plane.
  • the partition walls 313 partitioning the cylindrical lens chambers 310A extends from the first supporting member 311 to the second supporting member 312, and there is a gap between the top of the partition walls 313 and the second supporting member 312.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the thirty-first embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the twenty-ninth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the thirty-second embodiment is also a modification of the twenty-ninth embodiment.
  • Fig. 49A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-second embodiment at an X-Z plane
  • Fig. 49B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-second embodiment at an X-Y plane.
  • the optical device according to the thirty-second embodiment there is a gap between the bottom face of the partition walls 313 partitioning the cylindrical lens chambers 310A and the first supporting member 311, and there is a gap between the top of the partition walls 313 and the second supporting member 312.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the thirty-second embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the twenty-ninth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the thirty-third embodiment is also a modification of the twenty-ninth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 3-2'nd configuration.
  • a point wherein the optical device according to the thirty-third embodiment differs from the optical device according to the twenty-ninth embodiment is that the layout of the first liquid 331 and second liquid 332 and the layout of the first electrode 341 and second electrode 344 are inverted vertically.
  • Fig. 50A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-third embodiment at an X-Z plane
  • Fig. 50B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-third embodiment at an X-Y plane.
  • the first electrode 341 is disposed extending onto the second supporting member 312 from on the side face of the partition walls 313, and the second electrode 344 is disposed extending onto the first supporting member 311.
  • the second electrode 344 extends to the side face of a part of the partition walls 313, but the second electrode 344 may be disposed only on the opposed face of the first supporting member 311.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the thirty-third embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the twenty-ninth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • optical power at the cylindrical lens 320 independently varies, whereby the focal distance of the cylindrical lens 320 can vary, and consequently, a strobe device of which the illuminating angle varies from the wide angle side to the telephoto side can be provided. This is true for later-described thirty-fourth through thirty-sixth embodiments.
  • the thirty-fourth embodiment is a modification of the thirtieth embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 3-2'nd configuration.
  • a point wherein the optical device according to the thirty-fourth embodiment differs from the optical device according to the thirtieth embodiment is that the layout of the first liquid 331 and second liquid 332 and the layout of the first electrode 341 and second electrode 344 are inverted vertically.
  • Fig. 51A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-fourth embodiment at an X-Z plane
  • Fig. 51B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-fourth embodiment at an X-Y plane.
  • the first electrode 341 is disposed extending onto the second supporting member 312 from on the side face of the partition walls 313, and the second electrode 344 is disposed extending onto the first supporting member 311. Note that, with the example shown in Figs. 51A and 51B , the second electrode 344 extends to the side face of a part of the partition walls 313, but the second electrode 344 may be disposed only on the opposed face of the first supporting member 311.
  • the second electrode 344 is formed only on the side face of a part of the partition walls 313.
  • Such an arrangement is employed, whereby the electrodes disposed on the optical path can be reduced, and also improvement in optical transmittance can be realized.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the thirty-fourth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the thirtieth embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the thirty-fifth embodiment is a modification of the thirty-first embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 3-2'nd configuration.
  • a point wherein the optical device according to the thirty-fifth embodiment differs from the optical device according to the thirty-first embodiment is that the layout of the first liquid 331 and second liquid 332 and the layout of the first electrode 341 and second electrode 344 are inverted vertically.
  • Fig. 53A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-fifth embodiment at an X-Z plane
  • Fig. 53B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-fifth embodiment at an X-Y plane.
  • the first electrode 341 is disposed extending onto the second supporting member 312 from on the side face of the partition walls 313, and the second electrode 344 is disposed extending onto the first supporting member 311.
  • Fig. 54A of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of a modification of the optical device according to the thirty-fifth embodiment at an X-Z plane
  • Fig. 54B of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the modification of the optical device according to the thirty-fifth embodiment at an X-Y plane
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the second electrode 344 extends to the side face of a part of the partition walls 313.
  • the second electrode 344 is formed only on the side face of a part of the partition walls 313.
  • Such an arrangement is employed, whereby the electrodes disposed on the optical path can be reduced, and also improvement in optical transmittance can be realized.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the thirty-fifth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the thirty-first embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the thirty-sixth embodiment is a modification of the thirty-second embodiment, and specifically, relates to the optical device having the 3-2'nd configuration.
  • a point wherein the optical device according to the thirty-sixth embodiment differs from the optical device according to the thirty-second embodiment is that the layout of the first liquid 331 and second liquid 332 and the layout of the first electrode 341 and second electrode 344 are inverted vertically.
  • Fig. 56A illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-sixth embodiment at an X-Z plane
  • Fig. 56B illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the optical device according to the thirty-sixth embodiment at an X-Y plane.
  • the first electrode 341 is disposed extending onto the second supporting member 312 from on the side face of the partition walls 313, and the second electrode 344 is disposed extending onto the first supporting member 311.
  • Fig. 57A of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of a modification of the optical device according to the thirty-sixth embodiment at an X-Z plane
  • Fig. 57B of a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutaway of the modification of the optical device according to the thirty-sixth embodiment at an X-Y plane
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the second electrode 344 extends to the side face of a part of the partition walls 313.
  • the second electrode 344 is formed only on the side face of a part of the partition walls 313.
  • Such an arrangement is employed, whereby the electrodes disposed on the optical path can be reduced, and also improvement in optical transmittance can be realized.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the optical device according to the thirty-sixth embodiment can be regarded as the same as those of the optical device according to the thirty-second embodiment except for the above-mentioned point, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the optical device described with the fifth embodiment can be fabricated with the following method.
  • the side face 33, partition face 34, first partition plate 35, and second partition plate 37 are fabricated. Note that a pouring port for pouring liquid, and a drainage port for draining liquid are provided on the side face 33 as appropriate. Subsequently, the side face 33, partition face 34, first partition plate 35, and second partition plate 37 are assembled using an adhesive agent.
  • the second electrode 42 and fourth electrode 44 are formed on the side face 33, partition face 34, first partition plate 35, and second partition plate 37, for example, based on the sputtering method
  • the first insulating film 45 is formed on the second electrode 42
  • the second insulating film 46 is formed on the fourth electrode 44, for example, based on the sputtering method
  • the water-repellent processing layers 36 and 38 are formed on the first insulating film 45 and second insulating film 46.
  • the first face 31 and second face 32 where the first electrode 41 and third electrode 43 are formed respectively are fixed to the side face 33.
  • the second liquid 22 and fourth liquid 24 are poured into the first chamber 13 and second chamber 14 from the pouring port (not shown) provided on the side face 33 while depressurizing the first chamber 13 and second chamber 14.
  • the first liquid 21 and third liquid 23 are poured into the first chamber 13 and second chamber 14 from the pouring port provided on the side face 33 while pressurizing the first chamber 13 and second chamber 14.
  • the first liquid 21 and third liquid 23 are poured while forming an interface between the second liquid 22 and fourth liquid 24, and a part of the second liquid 22 and fourth liquid 24 is drained from the drainage port (not shown).
  • the pouring port and drainage port are sealed, the electrodes are connected to an external control circuit, whereby the optical device can be completed.
  • optical devices described with the other embodiments can also be fabricated substantially with the same method.
  • the present invention has been described so far based on the preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not restricted to those embodiments.
  • the arrangements and configurations of the optical devices and lighting system (strobe device) described with the embodiments are examples, and materials and so forth making up the optical devices are also examples, which may be changed as appropriate.
  • the plane shapes of the optical devices are not restricted to a square, and substantially arbitrary shapes (e.g., rectangle, circle, ellipse, oval, etc.) may be employed.
  • the arrangement of the first chamber and the arrangement of the second chamber may arbitrarily be combined.
  • the arrangement of the first chamber according to the third embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the fourth through ninth embodiments may be combined, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the fourth embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the third and fifth through ninth embodiments may be combined, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the fifth embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the third, fourth, sixth through ninth embodiments may be combined, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the sixth embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the third through fifth, and seventh through ninth embodiments may be combined, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the seventh embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the third through sixth, eighth, and ninth embodiments may be combined, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the eighth embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the third through seventh, and ninth embodiments may be combined, and the arrangement of the first chamber according to the ninth embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the third through eighth embodiments may be combined.
  • the arrangements of the first cylindrical lens, and first cylindrical lens group, and the arrangements of the second cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens group may be changed.
  • the arrangements, configurations, and layout status of the first electrode, second electrode, third electrode, and fourth electrode may be changed as appropriate depending on the characteristics (electroconductivity, insulation properties) of liquid adjacent to these electrodes directly or through an insulating film.
  • An arrangement may be made wherein light is input to the first cylindrical lens group or first supporting member of an optical device, and light is output from the second cylindrical lens group or second supporting member, or an arrangement may be made wherein light is input to the second cylindrical lens group or second supporting member of an optical device, and light is output from the first cylindrical lens group or first supporting member.
  • the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group have been combined, but further, a third cylindrical lens group and fourth cylindrical lens group of which the directions where the axis lines extend differ may be combined.
  • the arrangement of the first chamber and the arrangement of the second chamber may arbitrarily be combined. That is to say, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the sixteenth embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the seventeenth through twenty-second embodiments may be combined, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the seventeenth embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the sixteenth, eighteenth through twenty-second embodiments may be combined, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the eighteenth embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the sixteenth, seventeenth, nineteenth through twenty-second embodiments may be combined, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the nineteenth embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the sixteenth through eighteenth, and twentieth through twenty-second embodiments may be combined, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the twentieth embodiment, and the arrangement of the second chamber according to the sixteenth through nineteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-second embodiments may be combined, the arrangement of the first chamber according to the twenty-first embodiment, and the arrangement of the first chamber according to the twenty-first embodiment,
  • the arrangements of the first cylindrical lens, and first cylindrical lens group, and the arrangements of the second cylindrical lens and second cylindrical lens group may be changed.
  • the arrangements, configurations, and layout status of the first electrode, second electrode, third electrode, and fourth electrode may be changed as appropriate depending on the characteristics (electroconductivity, insulation properties) of liquid adjacent to these electrodes directly or through an insulating film.
  • An arrangement may be made wherein light is input to the first cylindrical lens group of an optical device, and light is output from the second cylindrical lens group, or an arrangement may be made wherein light is input to the second cylindrical lens group of an optical device, and light is output from the first cylindrical lens group.
  • the first cylindrical lens group and second cylindrical lens group have been combined, but further, a third cylindrical lens group and fourth cylindrical lens group of which the directions where the axis lines extend differ may be combined.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the second electrode making up the first cylindrical lens is divided for each first cylindrical lens, and voltage to be applied is controlled for each of the divided second electrodes, or an arrangement may be made wherein the fourth electrode making up the second cylindrical lens is divided for each second cylindrical lens, and voltage to be applied is controlled for each of the divided fourth electrodes.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode making up the first cylindrical lens is divided for each first cylindrical lens, and voltage to be applied is controlled for each of the divided first electrodes, or an arrangement may be made wherein the third electrode making up the second cylindrical lens is divided for each second cylindrical lens, and voltage to be applied is controlled for each of the divided third electrodes.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode making up a cylindrical lens is divided for each cylindrical lens, and voltage to be applied is controlled for each of the divided first electrodes.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the partition face making up the first chamber, the third electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the partition face making up the second chamber, the second electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face, and the fourth electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face.
  • the first electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber
  • the third electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the second electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the fourth electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • the second electrode is also provided on the side face of the first partition plate, and the fourth electrode is also provided on the side face of the second partition plate.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the first face, the third electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the second face, the second electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the partition face making up the first chamber, and the fourth electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face.of the partition face making up the second chamber.
  • the first electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber
  • the third electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the second electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the fourth electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, the third electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber, the second electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the partition face making up the first chamber, and the fourth electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the partition face making up the second chamber.
  • the second electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber
  • the fourth electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • _an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the third electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the partition face making up the first chamber, the third electrode is made up of a transparent electrode provided on the inner face of the partition face making up the second chamber, the second electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the fourth electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • the second electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber
  • the fourth electrode is provided extending to the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • an arrangement may be made wherein the first electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, the third electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber, the second electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the first chamber, and the fourth electrode is provided on the inner face of the side face making up the second chamber.
  • Figs. 64A, 64B , 65A, 65B , 66A, 66B , 67A, and 67B Modifications of the array of cylindrical lenses according to the twenty-ninth through thirty-sixth embodiments are exemplified in Figs. 64A, 64B , 65A, 65B , 66A, 66B , 67A, and 67B , respectively.
  • Fig. 64B cylindrical lenses are arrayed in a two-dimensional matrix manner (albeit in a zigzag manner).
  • Fig. 64B cylindrical lenses are arrayed in a two-dimensional matrix manner (albeit in a zigza
  • cylindrical lenses of which the directions of the X axis differ are arrayed.
  • Fig. 67A cylindrical lenses and ordinary lenses (plane shapes are circles) are arrayed in a mixed manner.

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Claims (10)

  1. Beleuchtungssystem, das enthält:
    Emissionsmittel (2), die eine Achslinie in Richtung der Z-Achse enthalten;
    einen Reflektorspiegel (3), der zum Reflektieren von Licht konfiguriert ist, das von den Emissionsmitteln ausgesendet wird;
    wobei die Querschnittsform eines Lichtreflexionsabschnitts beim Schnitt des Reflektorspiegels (3) in einer gedachten Ebene senkrecht zu der Z-Achse ein Teil einer Parabel ist;
    und wobei die Achslinie der Emissionsmittel (2) zwischen dem Scheitel der Parabel und einem Brennpunkt positioniert ist, wobei eine Gerade, die den Scheitel der Parabel und den Brennpunkt verbindet, die X-Achse definiert, gekennzeichnet durch
    eine optische Vorrichtung (1), die enthält: eine erste Zylinderlinsengruppe, in der mehrere erste Zylinderlinsen (11) aneinanderliegen, von denen jede aus einer Flüssiglinse besteht, deren Achslinie in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft;
    eine zweite Zylinderlinsengruppe, in der mehrere zweite Zylinderlinsen (12) aneinanderliegen, von denen jede aus einer Flüssiglinse besteht, deren Achslinie in der Richtung parallel zu der Y-Achse oder parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft, wobei Licht, das durch die erste Zylinderlinsengruppe geht, eingegeben wird, wobei die optische Vorrichtung an dem Vorderseitenabschnitt des Reflektorspiegels (3) befestigt ist.
  2. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die optische Vorrichtung (1) ferner enthält:
    ein Gehäuse (30), das enthält:
    eine erste Fläche (31), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist,
    eine zweite Fläche (32), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist, die der ersten Fläche (31) gegenüberliegt,
    eine Seitenfläche (33), die die erste Fläche (31) und die zweite Fläche (32) verbindet, und
    eine Trennfläche (34), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist;
    wobei aus der ersten Fläche (31), aus der Trennfläche (34) und aus einem Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine erste Kammer (13) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei aus der zweiten Fläche (32), aus der Trennfläche (34) und aus dem verbleibenden Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine zweite Kammer (14) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei innerhalb der ersten Kammer (13) eine erste Trennplatte (35) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den ersten Zylinderlinsen (11) trennt; und wobei innerhalb der zweiten Kammer (14) eine zweite Trennplatte (37) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Y-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) trennt, wobei die Achslinie der zweiten Zylinderlinsen in der Richtung parallel zu der Y-Achse verläuft;
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) mit einer ersten Flüssigkeit (21) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (22) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bildet, die als die erste Zylinderlinse (11) dient;
    und wobei die zweite Kammer (14) mit einer dritten Flüssigkeit (23) und mit einer vierten Flüssigkeit (24) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die zweite Zylinderlinse (12) dient.
  3. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die optische Vorrichtung (1) ferner enthält:
    ein Gehäuse (130), das enthält:
    eine erste Fläche (31), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist,
    eine zweite Fläche (32), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist, die der ersten Fläche (31) gegenüberliegt, und
    eine Seitenfläche (33), die die erste Fläche (31) und die zweite Fläche (32) verbindet;
    wobei aus der ersten Fläche (31) und aus einem Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine erste Kammer (13) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei aus der zweiten Fläche (32) und aus dem verbleibenden Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine zweite Kammer (14) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) und die zweite Kammer (14) in Verbindung stehen;
    und wobei innerhalb der ersten Kammer (13) eine erste Trennplatte (35) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den ersten Zylinderlinsen (11) trennt;
    und wobei innerhalb der zweiten Kammer (14) eine zweite Trennplatte (37) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Y-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) trennt, wobei die Achslinie der zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) in der Richtung parallel zu der Y-Achse verläuft; und wobei die erste Kammer (13) mit einer ersten Flüssigkeit (121) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (122) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die erste Zylinderlinse (11) dient;
    und wobei die zweite Kammer (14) mit einer dritten Flüssigkeit (123) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (122) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) dient.
  4. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die optische Vorrichtung (1) ferner enthält:
    ein Gehäuse (30), das enthält:
    eine erste Fläche (31), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist,
    eine zweite Fläche (32), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist, die der ersten Fläche (31) gegenüberliegt,
    eine Seitenfläche (33), die die erste Fläche (31) und die zweite Fläche (32) verbindet, und
    eine Trennfläche (34), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist;
    wobei aus der ersten Fläche (31), aus der Trennfläche (34) und aus einem Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine erste Kammer (13) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei aus der zweiten Fläche (32), aus der Trennfläche (34) und aus dem verbleibenden Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine zweite Kammer (14) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei innerhalb der ersten Kammer (13) eine erste Trennplatte (35) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den ersten Zylinderlinsen (11) trennt;
    und wobei innerhalb der zweiten Kammer (14) eine zweite Trennplatte (37) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) trennt, wobei die Achslinie der zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft,
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) mit einer ersten Flüssigkeit (21) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (22) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die erste Zylinderlinse (11) dient;
    und wobei die zweite Kammer (14) mit einer dritten Flüssigkeit (23) und mit einer vierten Flüssigkeit (24) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die zweite Zylinderlinse (12) dient.
  5. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die optische Vorrichtung (1) ferner enthält:
    ein Gehäuse (130), das enthält:
    eine erste Fläche (31), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist,
    eine zweite Fläche (32), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist, die der ersten Fläche (31) gegenüberliegt, und
    eine Seitenfläche (33), die die erste Fläche (31) und die zweite Fläche (32) verbindet;
    wobei aus der ersten Fläche (31) und aus einem Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine erste Kammer (13) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei aus der zweiten Fläche (32) und aus dem verbleibenden Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine zweite Kammer (14) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) und die zweite Kammer (14) in Verbindung stehen;
    und wobei innerhalb der ersten Kammer (13) eine erste Trennplatte (35) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den ersten Zylinderlinsen (11) trennt;
    und wobei innerhalb der zweiten Kammer (14) eine zweite Trennplatte (37) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) trennt, wobei die Achslinie der zweiten Linsen (12) in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft,
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) mit einer ersten Flüssigkeit (121) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (122) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die erste Zylinderlinse (11) dient;
    und wobei die zweite Kammer (14) mit einer dritten Flüssigkeit (123) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (122) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die zweite Zylinderlinse (12) dient.
  6. Beleuchtungssystem, das enthält:
    Emissionsmittel (2), die eine Achslinie in Richtung der Z-Achse enthalten;
    einen Reflektorspiegel (3), der zum Reflektieren von Licht konfiguriert ist, das von den Emissionsmitteln emittiert wird;
    wobei die Querschnittsform eines lichtreflektierenden Abschnitts beim Schnitt des Reflektorspiegels (3) in einer gedachten Ebene senkrecht zu der Z-Achse ein Teil einer Ellipse ist;
    und wobei die Achslinie der Emissionsmittel (2) zwischen dem Schnittpunkt mit der Längsachse der Ellipse und einem an den Schnittpunkt angrenzenden Brennpunkt positioniert ist,
    wobei eine Gerade, die den Schnittpunkt der Längsachse der Ellipse und den Brennpunkt verbindet, die X-Achse ist, gekennzeichnet durch
    eine optische Vorrichtung (1), die eine erste Zylinderlinsengruppe enthält, in der mehrere erste Zylinderlinsen (11) aneinanderliegen, von denen jede aus einer Flüssiglinse besteht, deren Achslinie in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft;
    eine zweite Zylinderlinsengruppe, in der mehrere zweite Zylinderlinsen (12) aneinanderliegen, von denen jede aus einer Flüssiglinse besteht, deren Achslinie in der Richtung parallel zu der Y-Achse oder parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und wobei Licht, das durch die erste Zylinderlinsengruppe geht, eingegeben wird, wobei die optische Vorrichtung an dem Vorderseitenabschnitt des Reflektorspiegels (3) befestigt ist.
  7. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 6, wobei die optische Vorrichtung (1) ferner enthält:
    ein Gehäuse (30), das enthält:
    eine erste Fläche (31), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist,
    eine zweite Fläche (32), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist, die der ersten Fläche (31) gegenüberliegt,
    eine Seitenfläche (33), die die erste Fläche (31) und die zweite Fläche (32) verbindet, und
    eine Trennfläche (34), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist;
    wobei aus der ersten Fläche (31), aus der Trennfläche (34) und aus einem Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine erste Kammer (13) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei aus der zweiten Fläche (32), aus der Trennfläche (34) und aus dem verbleibenden Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine zweite Kammer (14) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei innerhalb der ersten Kammer (13) eine erste Trennplatte (35) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den ersten Zylinderlinsen (11) trennt;
    und wobei innerhalb der zweiten Kammer (14) eine zweite Trennplatte (37) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Y-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) trennt, wobei die Achslinie der zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) in der Richtung parallel zu der Y-Achse verläuft,
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) mit einer ersten Flüssigkeit (21) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (22) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die erste Zylinderlinse (11) dient;
    und wobei die zweite Kammer (14) mit einer dritten Flüssigkeit (23) und mit einer vierten Flüssigkeit (24) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die zweite Zylinderlinse (12) dient.
  8. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 6, wobei die optische Vorrichtung (1) ferner enthält:
    ein Gehäuse (130), das enthält:
    eine erste Fläche (31), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist,
    eine zweite Fläche (32), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist, die der ersten Fläche (31) gegenüberliegt, und
    eine Seitenfläche (33), die die erste Fläche (31) und die zweite Fläche (32) verbindet;
    wobei aus der ersten Fläche (31) und aus einem Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine erste Kammer (13) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei aus der zweiten Fläche (32) und aus dem verbleibenden Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine zweite Kammer (14) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) und die zweite Kammer (14) in Verbindung stehen;
    und wobei innerhalb der ersten Kammer (13) eine erste Trennplatte (35) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den ersten Zylinderlinsen (11) trennt;
    und wobei innerhalb der zweiten Kammer (14) eine zweite Trennplatte (37) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Y-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) trennt, wobei die Achslinie der zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) in der Richtung parallel zu der Y-Achse verläuft,
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) mit einer ersten Flüssigkeit (121) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (122) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die erste Zylinderlinse (11) dient;
    und wobei die zweite Kammer (14) mit einer dritten Flüssigkeit (123) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (122) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die zweite Zylinderlinse (12) dient.
  9. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 6, wobei die optische Vorrichtung (1) ferner enthält:
    ein Gehäuse (30), das enthält:
    eine erste Fläche (31), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist,
    eine zweite Fläche (32), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist, die der ersten Fläche (31) gegenüberliegt,
    eine Seitenfläche (33), die die erste Fläche (31) und die zweite Fläche (32) verbindet, und
    eine Trennfläche (34), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist;
    wobei aus der ersten Fläche (31), aus der Trennfläche (34) und aus einem Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine erste Kammer (13) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei aus der zweiten Fläche (32), aus der Trennfläche (34) und aus dem verbleibenden Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine zweite Kammer (14) konfiguriert ist; und wobei innerhalb der ersten Kammer (13) eine erste Trennplatte (35) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den ersten Zylinderlinsen (11) trennt;
    und wobei innerhalb der zweiten Kammer (14) eine zweite Trennplatte (37) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) trennt, wobei die Achslinie der zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft,
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) mit einer ersten Flüssigkeit (21) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (22) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die erste Zylinderlinse (11) dient;
    und wobei die zweite Kammer (14) mit einer dritten Flüssigkeit (23) und mit einer vierten Flüssigkeit (24) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die zweite Zylinderlinse (12) dient.
  10. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 6, wobei die optische Vorrichtung (1) ferner enthält:
    ein Gehäuse (130), das enthält:
    eine erste Fläche (31), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist,
    eine zweite Fläche (32), die für einfallendes Licht durchlässig ist, die der ersten Fläche (31) gegenüberliegt, und
    eine Seitenfläche (33), die die erste Fläche (31) und die zweite Fläche (32) verbindet;
    wobei aus der ersten Fläche (31) und aus einem Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine erste Kammer (13) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei aus der zweiten Fläche (32) und aus dem verbleibenden Abschnitt der Seitenfläche (33) eine zweite Kammer (14) konfiguriert ist;
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) und die zweite Kammer (14) in Verbindung stehen;
    und wobei innerhalb der ersten Kammer (13) eine erste Trennplatte (35) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den ersten Zylinderlinsen (11) trennt;
    und wobei innerhalb der zweiten Kammer (14) eine zweite Trennplatte (37) angeordnet ist, die in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft und die zwischen den zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) trennt, wobei die Achslinie der zweiten Zylinderlinsen (12) in der Richtung parallel zu der Z-Achse verläuft,
    und wobei die erste Kammer (13) mit einer ersten Flüssigkeit (121) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (122) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die erste Zylinderlinse (11) dient;
    und wobei die zweite Kammer (14) mit einer dritten Flüssigkeit (123) und mit einer zweiten Flüssigkeit (124) gefüllt ist, die eine Flüssiglinse bilden, die als die zweite Zylinderlinse (12) dient.
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EP2034351A1 (de) 2009-03-11
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KR20090025169A (ko) 2009-03-10
US20090207622A1 (en) 2009-08-20

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