Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
  • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
  • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
  • F25B41/37—Capillary tubes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
  • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
  • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an adsorption cold generating device, in particular a refrigerating apparatus or an air conditioning installation, said device comprising, on the one hand, an insulated refrigeration chamber in which an evaporator is housed and, on the other hand an external adsorber which captures the heat of a hot source, a duct which connects said adsorber to said evaporator of the refrigerating enclosure, a condenser which is mounted on said duct at the outlet of said adsorber and a check valve which is mounted on said duct between said condenser and said evaporator.
• this adsorption cold generating device in particular a refrigerating apparatus or an air conditioning installation, said device comprising, on the one hand, an insulated refrigerating chamber in which an evaporator is housed and, d on the other hand, an external adsorber which captures the heat of a hot source, a duct which connects said adsorber to said evaporator of the refrigerating enclosure, a condenser which is mounted on said duct at the outlet of said adsorber and said check valve which is mounted on said conduit between said condenser and said evaporator.
• Adsorption cold generation is designed on the basis of a physical phenomenon, adsorption, which occurs when an equilibrium is established between a gas and a solid.
• concentration of gas molecules is greater near the surface of the solid than in the gas phase.
• the surface atoms are subject to unbalanced forces of attraction, perpendicular to the surface, which creates an imbalance.
• the equilibrium of these forces is partially restored by the adsorption of the gaseous molecules.
• the bodies used as adsorbents are bodies which have a very large external surface, such as activated aluminas, activated carbons, silica gels and zeolites.
• adsorbent is based on the desired temperature at the evaporator and the temperature available at a hot source, which may be a solar collector for example.
• the other part of the pair, the adsorbate must meet two essential conditions, namely to have a high latent heat of evaporation and to consist of easily adsorbable small molecules. Fluids possessing these characteristics include water, ammonia, methanol and carbon dioxide. In addition to these two physical conditions, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the fluid and in particular its dangerousness, including its flammability and toxicity. As examples, the following couples were used, activated carbon and methanol, silica gel and water or zeolite and water. The use of these pairs of substances imposes a mean vacuum level of the order of 10 -3 mbar in order to minimize the presence of incondensable gases that can block the passage of the adsorbate vapors.
• Cold generators of this type have four main elements, namely:
• an adsorber which is the part containing the adsorbent which is heated by the hot source with the effect of the desorption of the adsorbate
• a condenser which is the part serving to condense the adsorbate vapors desorbed in the adsorber
• an insulated refrigerating chamber which constitutes the useful part of the cold generator and which contains an evaporator comprising the adsorbate in liquid and solid form
• this type of cold generator is equipped with a manual valve, which requires a human presence, or an automatic valve controlled by motorized means and which require a power source and an electronic control of regulation.
• US Pat. No. 4,788,828 describes a flow control device in the context of a refrigeration circuit integrated in a compression type refrigerator.
• This adjusting member comprises a bellows whose expansion or contraction depending on the temperature causes the modification of the passage section of the refrigeration fluid.
• the valve of this adjustment member is linked to the bellows and is therefore not free.
• the European publication EP 1 519 128 also relates to a flow control member in a compression refrigerator device.
• This adjustment member makes it possible to play on the phase change and the pressure variations related to the temperature differences in order to obtain a variable cooling cycle in power.
• the valve ball is connected to a compression spring and is also not free.
• the international publication WO 01/06183 describes a regulator for two different charges for a CO 2 refrigerator device in which the gas contained in the membranes is condensed or not as a function of the temperature or pressure of the CO 2 .
• the valves of this regulator are linked to bellows.
• the present invention therefore proposes to provide an adsorption cold generator device equipped with a check valve, which does not require any local energy source, which blocks the passage of gases during the desorption phase, which allows to leave pass the liquid during this same phase and let the adsorbate vapors in the evaporator-adsorber direction.
• This adsorption cold generator device as defined in the preamble is characterized in that said check valve comprises a body which constitutes a buffer tank extended by at least one tubular base, provided at its upper end with at least one seat annular, said buffer tank housing at least one movable spherical ball arranged to press against said at least one annular seat for sealingly closing said buffer tank, and said at least one base containing at least one capillary tube winding communicating with said buffer tank for allowing the evacuation of the condensate contained in said buffer tank, when said at least one ball is pressed against said at least one annular seat.
• said at least one spherical ball of said check valve is made of an ultralight material. It is advantageously made of cellulose, such as table tennis balls.
• said at least one capillary tube winding connects the lower part of the circuit, namely the conduit which is in communication with the evaporator of the insulated refrigerating chamber, with the upper part of the circuit, namely the buffer tank.
• said check valve which is itself in direct communication with the condenser and the adsorber.
• Said buffer tank of said check valve is preferably closed at its upper end by a closure element arranged to cooperate with a endpiece which resists a connection to a vacuum chamber for the connection of said valve to the conduit.
• said at least one base is provided at its lower end with a tip which resists connection to a vacuum chamber for connection of said check valve to the conduit.
• the check valve as defined by the preamble equipping an adsorption cold generation device is characterized in that it comprises a body which constitutes a buffer reservoir extended by at least one tubular base, provided with its upper end of at least one annular seat, said buffer tank housing at least one movable spherical ball arranged to press against said at least one annular seat in order to seal said buffer tank, and said at least one base containing at least one capillary tube winding communicating with said buffer tank to allow evacuation of the condensate contained in said buffer tank, when said at least one ball is plated on said at least one annular seat.
• Said at least one spherical ball is preferably made of an ultralight material which may advantageously be cellulose.
• Said at least one capillary tube winding advantageously connects the lower part of the circuit, namely the conduit which is in communication with the evaporator of the insulated refrigerating enclosure, with the upper part of the circuit, namely the buffer tank which is - even in direct communication with the condenser and the adsorber.
• the buffer tank is preferably closed at its upper end by a closure element arranged to cooperate with a nozzle which is resistant to connection to a vacuum chamber for connection of said valve to the conduit.
• Said at least one base is, according to a preferred embodiment, provided at its lower end with a nozzle which resists a connection to a vacuum chamber for the connection of said check valve to the conduit.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a cold generating device, in particular a solar thermal adsorption refrigerator, according to the invention
• FIG. 2 represents an exploded perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the check valve according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 represents an elevational view of the assembled check valve of FIG. 2.
• a cold generator device in particular an adsorption solar thermal refrigerator 10 essentially comprises an isolated refrigerating enclosure 11 containing an evaporator 12 and the ice storage which is formed in said evaporator, said enclosure forming the utilitarian part of the refrigerator of the invention, an adsorber 13 which captures the heat of a hot source and which may be a solar collector, said adsorber being connected to the evaporator 12 by means of a duct 14, and a condenser 15 which is mounted on said duct 14 between a check valve 20 and the adsorber 13, the check valve 20 being disposed on the duct 14, between the evaporator 12 of the refrigerating chamber 11 and the condenser 15.
• the adsorber 13 is the element which contains the adsorbent which is heated by the hot source, formed by the solar radiation in the present case, with the effect of the desorption of the adsorbate . In a known manner, it can be of the tube type or of the flat type.
• the condenser 15 is the element which serves to condense the adsorbed vapors desorbed in the adsorber 13.
• the check valve 20 of the invention which is self-contained, does not require any independent power source, operating means or electronic control, and which equips the refrigerator 10, is designed to operate in a vacuum circuit.
• this retaining valve 20 comprises, in the embodiment described, a base 21 comprising a cylindrical upper part 22 extending downwards by a frustoconical part whose lower part is extended by an end piece. connection 23.
• the cylindrical portion 22 is provided with a spherical central bore forming an annular seat 24 for a spherical ball 25 consisting for example of an ultralight cellulose ball, such as a table tennis ball, acting as a valve .
• a buffer reservoir 26 formed of a cylindrical tube open at both ends, whose outer diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the cylindrical upper portion 22 of the base 21 and whose inner diameter is greater than the
• the upper end of this buffer tank 26 is provided with a flange 27a arranged to cooperate with a closure element 27b, composed of a pierced lid corresponding to the ISO-KF standard and provided with a central bore arranged to receive a connecting piece 29.
• the closure between the flange 27a and the closure member 27b is provided by a clamp / seal assembly 28.
• the two connecting pieces 23 and 29 are provided for connection respectively at the lower part or cold part of the refrigeration circuit, which is in communication with the evaporator 12 and at the upper part or hot part of the circuit , which is in direct communication with the condenser 15. To allow these connections to the conduit 14 of the refrigerator 10, the end pieces 23 and 29 are provided to withstand a connection to a vacuum enclosure corresponding to ISO KF.
• connection end 23 of the base 21 is also arranged to house a winding of a metal capillary tube 30 disposed under the seat of the ball 25 and laterally fixed, in a manner known per se, to the inner wall of said endpiece. 23.
• This winding 30 connects the cold part of the circuit, namely the portion of the conduit 14 which is in communication with the evaporator 12, with the hot part of the circuit, namely the portion of the conduit 14 which is in communication with the condenser 15 through the buffer tank 26.
• one end 31 of the tube opens into the upper face of the base 21, next to the seat of the ball 25, while the other end 32 opens directly in the conduit 14 connected to the valve 20 by the connecting end 23.
• the capillary tube used preferably has an inside diameter of about 1 mm and the length of the winding is of the order of 2 meters.
• the refrigerator 10 equipped with such a self-contained check valve operates as follows:
• the shutter constituted by the spherical ball 25 isolates the upper part of the circuit, consisting of the adsorber 13 and the condenser 15, of the evaporator 12, to enable it to rise in pressure and temperature.
• the check valve 20 does not allow the passage of steam because the ball 25 is pressed against its spherical seat and the capillary tube has too much resistance to the passage of steam.
• the first phase of operation corresponds to the isosteric heating during which the solar radiation heats the adsorber 13 so that the vapor pressure and the temperature increase in the system.
• the adsorbent of the adsorber 13 cools isosterically and the pressure of the upper part decreases to become lower than the pressure prevailing in the lower part containing the evaporator 12. At this time there is no more condensate in the buffer reservoir 26 of the check valve 20 and, by the effect of the pressure prevailing in the lower part, the ball 25 rises by letting the vapor produced by the evaporation of the liquid in the evaporator 12 and producing the desired cooling effect. This vapor returns to the adsorber 13 via the buffer tank 26. In practice, during this cooling, the adsorbent is physically unbalanced and will recharge by adsorbing the vapor contained in the system.
• the use of the self-contained valve described is not limited to a solar refrigerator. It can be used in any device with a vacuum circuit.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Cites Families (11)

• 2007
  • 2007-06-20 WO PCT/CH2007/000307 patent/WO2007147280A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-06-20 EP EP07720204A patent/EP2032883A2/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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