EP2032316B1 - Percussion equipment driven by a pressurized incompressible fluid - Google Patents

Percussion equipment driven by a pressurized incompressible fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2032316B1
EP2032316B1 EP20070803791 EP07803791A EP2032316B1 EP 2032316 B1 EP2032316 B1 EP 2032316B1 EP 20070803791 EP20070803791 EP 20070803791 EP 07803791 A EP07803791 A EP 07803791A EP 2032316 B1 EP2032316 B1 EP 2032316B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
piston
channel
spool
control device
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20070803791
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2032316A2 (en
Inventor
Bernard Piras
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Montabert SAS
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Montabert SAS
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Publication of EP2032316A2 publication Critical patent/EP2032316A2/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14—Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14—Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • B25D9/145—Control devices for the reciprocating piston for hydraulically actuated hammers having an accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14—Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • B25D9/16—Valve arrangements therefor
    • B25D9/18—Valve arrangements therefor involving a piston-type slide valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14—Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • B25D9/26—Control devices for adjusting the stroke of the piston or the force or frequency of impact thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2217/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
    • B25D2217/0011—Details of anvils, guide-sleeves or pistons
    • B25D2217/0023—Pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/221—Sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure.
  • the percussion apparatus moved by an incompressible fluid under pressure is supplied with fluid, so that the resultant of the hydraulic forces successively applied to the striking piston, moves it alternately in one direction and then in the other.
  • the piston moves alternately inside a bore or cylinder in which are arranged at least two opposing chambers of different sections.
  • One, constantly supplied with pressurized fluid, called the lower chamber ensures the rise of the piston and another antagonist of larger section, called upper chamber, is alternately fed with pressurized fluid during the accelerated stroke of the piston for striking and connected to the return circuit of the device during the ascent of the piston.
  • the devices are also provided with a chamber, called a braking chamber, which serves to hydraulically stop the piston stroke when the tool is not resting on the material to be destroyed. There is never any metal shock between the striking piston and the cylinder.
  • This braking chamber can be advantageously formed in the extension of the annular recovery chamber.
  • the energy per stroke is the kinetic energy given to the piston, which depends on the stroke stroke and the supply pressure.
  • the patent EP 0 214 064 describes an apparatus which makes it possible to obtain an automatic adaptation of the percussion parameters, thanks to the presence in the cylinder of apparatus of a channel supplied with fluid according to the position of the piston after the impact and the eventual rebound of the latter on the 'tool.
  • the patent EP 0 256 955 describes an apparatus which makes it possible to obtain the same result as a function of the pressure variations in the upper chamber or the lower chamber, consecutive to the rebound effect of the piston on the tool, thanks to the presence of the sensitive hydraulic element to these variations.
  • the patent EP 0 715 932 describes a simplified system that can equip small and medium power devices. This system consists, during the rebound phase of the piston after the impact, to determine the possible existence of an instantaneous flow of fluid flowing from the upper chamber to the feed circuit and to use this signal to control the percussion parameters such as typing pressure or frequency of the device.
  • the document WO 2005/058550 discloses a percussion apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure which is simple, reliable and inexpensive, while allowing protection of the apparatus against vacuum strikes.
  • the invention relates to a percussion apparatus powered by an incompressible fluid under pressure according to claim 1.
  • the first face of the spool of the control device is subjected to the action of a spring while the second face is subjected to the pressure prevailing in the braking chamber, the latter being in communication with an adjacent annular chamber formed in the cylinder, as the piston has not exceeded its theoretical strike position, the annular chamber being connected to the high pressure.
  • a calibrated orifice constituted by a nozzle, is arranged on the channel connecting the braking chamber and the second chamber of the control device.
  • a non-return valve is arranged on the channel connecting the braking chamber and the second chamber of the control device, and this second chamber is connected by a channel comprising a calibrated orifice constituted by a nozzle, the channel connecting the control device to the distributor.
  • the first chamber of the control device is permanently connected to a high pressure circuit by a channel comprising a calibrated orifice constituted by a nozzle.
  • the first chamber of the control device is permanently connected to the high pressure circuit by a channel opening into the lower chamber of the cylinder of the striking piston.
  • the first chamber of the control device is permanently connected to the high pressure circuit by a channel connected to the high pressure fluid supply source.
  • the cylinder of the control device comprises several successive different sections
  • the drawer comprises several successive different sections
  • the drawer and the cylinder defining an annular chamber permanently connected to the distributor, the drawer being arranged to allow, during its displacement under the effect of fluid from the braking chamber, the communication of the annular chamber with the other channel (s) opening into the cylinder of the striking piston.
  • the slide of the control device comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston comprising two successive sections of different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the first chamber and a small diameter on the side of the second chamber, an annular chamber being formed in the central zone of the slide, between the latter and the central piston, this annular chamber being permanently connected to the annular chamber of the slide connected to the distributor, the latter also being connected to the second chamber by a channel having a calibrated orifice, and the small section end of the piston being disposed facing the channel connecting the second chamber to the braking chamber.
  • the slide of the control device comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston comprising two successive sections of different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the first chamber and a small diameter on the side of the second chamber, an annular chamber being formed in the central region of the drawer, between the latter and the central piston, this annular chamber being permanently connected to an annular chamber of the connected drawer; constant to the low pressure circuit, the latter also being connected to the second chamber by a channel having a calibrated orifice, and the small section end of the piston being disposed facing the channel connecting the second chamber to the braking chamber.
  • the slide of the control device comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston comprising two successive sections of different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the first chamber and a small diameter on the side.
  • the second chamber, an annular chamber (60) being formed in the central zone of the slide, between the latter and the central piston, this annular chamber being permanently connected to an annular chamber of the slide connected constantly to the low pressure circuit, the second chamber being connected to the first chamber by a channel having a calibrated orifice, and the small section end of the piston being arranged facing the channel connecting the second chamber to the braking chamber.
  • the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 4 is a percussion device driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure, between a long stroke and a short stroke and vice versa.
  • the percussion apparatus comprises a stepped piston 1 alternately movable inside a stepped bore or cylinder formed in the body 2 of the apparatus, and coming to strike each cycle a tool 3 slidably mounted in a bore in the body 2 coaxially with the cylinder.
  • the piston 1 defines with the cylinder 2 a lower annular chamber 4 and a higher chamber 5 of larger section formed above the piston.
  • a main distributor 6 mounted in the body 2 makes it possible to put the upper chamber 5, alternatively in connection with a supply of high pressure fluid 7 during the accelerated descent stroke of the piston for striking, as shown in FIG. figure 2 , or with a low pressure circuit 8 during the ascent of the piston, as shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the annular chamber 4 is permanently supplied with fluid under high pressure through the channel 9, so that each position of the spool of the distributor 6 causes the strike stroke of the piston 1, then the return stroke.
  • the piston 1 also forms with the body 2, an annular chamber 10, called the braking chamber, formed in the extension of the lower chamber 4 and supplied with fluid under high pressure by the latter.
  • the braking chamber allows, by the principle of "DASH POT", to dissipate the striking energy of the piston 1 when the tool 3 is not close to its theoretical position of operation, ie in support on the conical part 11 of the body 2.
  • the choice of small or large stroke is established from a steering device.
  • the control device comprises a slide 12 mounted in a cylinder formed in the body 2 and into which, axially offset, two channels 13 and 14 open out into the cylinder of the piston 1.
  • the channel 13 is connected to a control section of the piston. main distributor 6 through an annular groove 15 and a channel 16.
  • the channel 14 opens into the cylinder containing the piston 1 and serves as control channel of the main distributor 6 in case of short stroke.
  • the control device may connect the channels 13 and 14 or keep them isolated from one another.
  • the drawer 12 defines with the body 2 three separate chambers.
  • a chamber 17 constantly connected to the fluid under high pressure through the channel 18 containing a calibrated orifice 19, the annular chamber 4 and the channel 9.
  • An annular chamber 20 subjected to the piloting pressure of the channel 13 and finally a chamber 21 opposed to the chamber 17 and connected to the braking chamber 10 by a channel 22.
  • the pilot pressure transmitted by the channel 16 to the main distributor 6 is equal to the supply pressure during the accelerated descent of the striking piston 1 and equal to the return pressure during the ascent of the same piston.
  • the pressure changes are effected thanks to the edges of the striking piston 1, these pressures are maintained during the movement of the piston by calibrated orifices (not shown) being an integral part of the main distributor 6.
  • the tool 3 When the apparatus works in homogeneous hard ground, the tool 3 remains close to its support 11 under the effect of the thrust exerted by the carrier on the device. At each impact, the edge 23 of the piston 1 does not cross the edge 24 of the lower chamber 4.
  • the pressures established in the annular chambers 4 and 10 are identical and equal to the supply pressure.
  • the pressure that is established in the chamber 20 is therefore either equivalent to or less than that established in the chambers 17 and 21.
  • the drawer 12 is in compression or pushed down and thus takes a position which isolates the circuits 13 and 14. Only the long stroke controlled directly by the channel 16 is possible.
  • the figure 1 represents the apparatus when the piston 1 has made an impact and starts its climb stroke.
  • the channel 16 When the piston makes an impact on the tool, the channel 16 is connected to the low pressure circuit 8 via the channel 25 and the annular groove 15, which causes a movement of the distributor valve 6 in the position shown in FIG. the figure 1 . As a result, the upper chamber 5 is connected to the low pressure circuit 8. The resultant hydraulic forces applying to the striking piston therefore moves it in the upward direction.
  • the figure 2 represents the aircraft when the piston 1 has completed its climb and begins its descent run.
  • the channel 16 is connected to the high pressure circuit 7 via the channel 9 and the lower chamber 4, which causes a displacement of the distributor valve 6 in the position shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the upper chamber 5 is connected to the high pressure circuit 7. The resultant hydraulic forces on the plunger piston moves it in the direction of typing.
  • the tool 3 when the apparatus works in very soft terrain or with a lack of support of the carrier, the tool 3 is no longer close to its theoretical strike position, forcing the striking piston 1 to naturally lengthen its strike stroke.
  • the edge 23 of the striking piston 1 crosses the edge 24 of the lower chamber 4, the chamber 10 is then isolated and its pressure will increase considerably (the fluid under pressure can escape only by the very small functional clearances) causing a sudden slowing of the striking piston and a rise in pressure in the chamber 21 via the channel 22.
  • the slide 12 is then unbalanced upwards and creates a communication between the channels 13 and 14 when the edge 26 of the slide 12 discovers the channel 14.
  • the short stroke controlled by the channel 14 is then selected, as shown in FIG. figure 3 when the piston 1 begins its rise.
  • the channel 16 is connected to the low pressure circuit 8 via the channel 25 and the groove 15, which causes a displacement of the distributor valve 6 in the position represented at figure 3 .
  • the upper chamber 5 is connected to the low pressure circuit 8 and thus the striking piston initiates its accelerated recovery.
  • the orifice 19 positioned on the circuit 18 has the function of limiting the speed of movement of the slide 12, thus avoiding any end-of-stroke shocks.
  • the Figures 5 to 8 represent a variant of the apparatus which has a different stroke selection drawer.
  • the figures 5 and 6 represent respectively the apparatus when the tool 3 is close to its zone its striking with the piston 1 initiating its ascent and the piston initiating its accelerated descent.
  • the figures 7 and 8 represent respectively the apparatus when the tool 3 is moved away from its theoretical striking zone with the beginning of raising of the piston 1 and the beginning of the descent of the piston 1.
  • the drawer 30 delimits with the body 2 four chambers. Two opposite chambers 31 and 32 and of identical section, the chamber 32 being constantly connected to the supply circuit by the channel 18 and the chamber 31 constantly connected to the braking chamber 10 by the channel 22. Finally the drawer 30 delimits with the body 2 two annular chambers of identical sections 33 and 34 opposite.
  • the chamber 33 is constantly connected to the low pressure circuit 8 of the apparatus.
  • the chamber 34 is connected to the control circuit of the main distributor 6 by the channels 13 and 16.
  • the spool 30 will be displaced by the pressure created in the chamber 10 when the piston 1 extends its stroking stroke in soft terrain, thus determining the short stroke operation.
  • the return to the low position of the spool 30 will be done at each cycle when the chamber 34 is supplied with pressurized fluid by the control circuit 16, 13.
  • the chambers 31 and 32 subjected to the same pressure and of sections Similarly, the respective pressures of the annular chambers 33 and 34 allow the unbalance of the slide 30 downwards according to the schematic representation.
  • the Figures 9 to 12 represent a variant of the apparatus with a piston assembly 1 and body 2 which delimit three distinct chambers including the annular braking chamber 10 constantly connected to the return circuit 8.
  • the Figures 9 to 12 respectively representing the beginnings of upward and downward acceleration of the piston 1 in cases of homogeneous hard or soft heterogeneous terrains.
  • the travel selector drawer 37 delimits, with the body 2, four distinct chambers, of which two opposite chambers 38 and 39 and of equivalent sections, the chamber 38 being always connected to the return circuit 8, and the chamber 39 being connected to the braking chamber 10 by the channel 22.
  • the other two annular chambers 40 and 41 are as previously, respectively connected to the return circuit and the control circuit. The pressurization of the control circuit at each cycle ensures the reinitialization of the system.
  • the figure 13 represents three phases of operation of a variant of the stroke control valve 12 described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 .
  • the drawer 42 always determines three chambers 17, 20 and 21 with the bore in which it is mounted, as was the case for the drawer 12.
  • the drawer 42 comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston 43 comprising two sections successive successive diameters, a large diameter on the side of the chamber 17 and a small diameter on the side of the chamber 21.
  • An annular chamber 44 is formed in the central region of the drawer, between the latter and the piston 43, this annular chamber being permanently connected to the annular chamber 20 via an orifice 45.
  • the annular chamber 20 is also connected to the chamber 21 by a channel 46 having a calibrated orifice 47, and the end of small section of the piston is disposed facing the channel 22 connecting the chamber 21 to the braking chamber 10.
  • the piston 43 acts as a non-return valve which allows the injection of pressurized fluid between the channel 22 and the chamber 21 and constrains, when it bears against the body 2, the fluid contained in the chamber 21 at s escape through the channel 46 and the orifice 47 to the annular chamber 20. This provides a system independent of any negative pressure waves transmitted by the channel 22 during repeated impacts on the tool 3.
  • annular sections of the slide 42 and the piston 43 are dimensioned so that they move in the same pressure conditions as the slide 12 described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 .
  • the figure 14 represents the operation of another variant of the stroke control slide 12 described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 .
  • the slide 48 comprises a first face subjected to the action of a spring 49 and a second face subjected to the pressure prevailing in the braking chamber 10.
  • a calibrated orifice 50 constituted by a nozzle, is disposed on the channel 22 connecting the braking chamber and the slide 48. The speed of the slide 48 is limited in both directions by the calibrated orifice 50, and the return of the slide to its original position is provided by the spring 49.
  • the figure 15 represents a variant of the apparatus of the figure 14 in which the spring 49 has been replaced by a hydraulic return powered by a channel 51 having a calibrated orifice 52 which limits the speed of movement of the slide 48.
  • the figure 16 represents another variant of the apparatus of the figure 14 in which a movement of the slide 48 is generated by an oil flow in the channel 22 through a check valve 53 and whose return is provided by a spring 49.
  • the speed of the slide 48 is limited by a nozzle 54 located on a channel 55 connecting the control chamber 56 of the slide 12 to the channel 13.
  • the Figures 17 and 18 represent two variants of the regulation slide 30 described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 .
  • the drawers 57 and 58 always determine four chambers 31, 32, 33 and 34 with the bores in which they are mounted, as was the case for the drawer 30.
  • the spool 57 comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston 59 comprising two successive sections of different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the chamber 32 and a small diameter on the side of the chamber 31.
  • An annular chamber 60 is provided in the central zone of the slide, between the latter and the piston 59, this annular chamber being permanently connected to the annular chamber 33 via an orifice 61.
  • the annular chamber 33 is also connected to the chamber 31 by a channel 62 having a calibrated orifice 63, and the end of small section of the piston is disposed facing the channel 22 connecting the chamber 31 to the braking chamber 10.
  • the drawer 58 differs from the drawer 57 essentially in that the chamber 31 is not connected to the chamber 33 by the channel 62 but is connected to the chamber 32 by a channel 64 having a calibrated orifice 65.
  • the piston 59 acts as a non-return valve which allows the injection of fluid under pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un appareil à percussions mû par un fluide incompressible sous pression.The present invention relates to a percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure.

Les appareils à percussion mûs par un fluide incompressible sous pression sont alimentés en fluide, de telle manière que la résultante des forces hydrauliques s'appliquant successivement sur le piston de frappe, déplace celui-ci alternativement dans un sens puis dans l'autre.The percussion apparatus moved by an incompressible fluid under pressure is supplied with fluid, so that the resultant of the hydraulic forces successively applied to the striking piston, moves it alternately in one direction and then in the other.

Dans les appareils de ce type, le piston se déplace alternativement à l'intérieur d'un alésage ou cylindre dans lequel sont aménagées au moins deux chambres antagonistes de sections différentes. L'une, alimentée constamment en fluide sous pression, appelée chambre basse, assure la remontée du piston et une autre antagoniste de section plus importante, appelée chambre haute, est alimentée alternativement en fluide sous pression lors de la course accélérée du piston pour la frappe et reliée au circuit retour de l'appareil lors de la remontée du piston. En règle générale, les appareils sont aussi munis d'une chambre, appelée chambre de freinage, qui sert à stopper hydrauliquement la course du piston lorsque l'outil n'est pas en appui sur le matériau à détruire. Il n'y a donc jamais de choc métallique entre le piston de frappe et le cylindre. Cette chambre de freinage peut être avantageusement ménagée dans le prolongement de la chambre annulaire de remontée.In devices of this type, the piston moves alternately inside a bore or cylinder in which are arranged at least two opposing chambers of different sections. One, constantly supplied with pressurized fluid, called the lower chamber, ensures the rise of the piston and another antagonist of larger section, called upper chamber, is alternately fed with pressurized fluid during the accelerated stroke of the piston for striking and connected to the return circuit of the device during the ascent of the piston. In general, the devices are also provided with a chamber, called a braking chamber, which serves to hydraulically stop the piston stroke when the tool is not resting on the material to be destroyed. There is never any metal shock between the striking piston and the cylinder. This braking chamber can be advantageously formed in the extension of the annular recovery chamber.

Il est connu, lorsque l'appareil travaille dans un terrain dur homogène, qu'il est préférable de privilégier l'énergie par coup par rapport à la fréquence afin d'obtenir une productivité optimum.It is known, when the apparatus works in a homogeneous hard ground, that it is preferable to favor the energy per blow compared to the frequency in order to obtain an optimum productivity.

En revanche, il est aussi connu que si l'outil n'est pas correctement appuyé sur le matériau à détruire ou si le matériau est trop tendre, l'appareil aura tendance à frapper sur l'outil des « coups à vide » très destructeurs pour l'outil et l'appareil lui-même. La puissance de l'appareil étant exprimée par le produit de la valeur de la fréquence de frappe et de la valeur de l'énergie par coup, à puissance hydraulique d'entrée constante, il est avantageux de réduire l'énergie par coup et par voie de conséquence d'augmenter la fréquence de frappe lorsque l'appareil à tendance à frapper à vide.On the other hand, it is also known that if the tool is not correctly pressed on the material to be destroyed or if the material is too soft, the apparatus will tend to strike on the tool very destructive "empty shots". for the tool and the device itself. The power of the apparatus being expressed by the product of the value of the striking frequency and the value of the energy per shot, at constant input hydraulic power, it is advantageous to reduce the energy per shot and by As a consequence of increasing the frequency of typing when the device tends to hit empty.

L'énergie par coup est l'énergie cinétique donnée au piston, qui dépend de la course de frappe et de la pression d'alimentation.The energy per stroke is the kinetic energy given to the piston, which depends on the stroke stroke and the supply pressure.

Pour ajuster la fréquence de frappe et l'énergie par coup convenant à la dureté d'un terrain donné, il existe au moins trois solutions connues décrites dans les brevets EP 0 214 064 , EP 0 256 955 et EP 0 715 932 au nom de la Demanderesse.To adjust the hit frequency and the energy per shot suited to the hardness of a given terrain, there are at least three known solutions described in the patents EP 0 214 064 , EP 0 256 955 and EP 0 715 932 in the name of the Claimant.

Le brevet EP 0 214 064 décrit un appareil qui permet d'obtenir une adaptation automatique des paramètres de percussion, grâce à la présence dans le cylindre de appareil d'un canal alimenté en fluide selon la position du piston après l'impact et le rebond éventuel de ce dernier sur l'outil.The patent EP 0 214 064 describes an apparatus which makes it possible to obtain an automatic adaptation of the percussion parameters, thanks to the presence in the cylinder of apparatus of a channel supplied with fluid according to the position of the piston after the impact and the eventual rebound of the latter on the 'tool.

Le brevet EP 0 256 955 décrit un appareil qui permet d'obtenir le même résultat en fonction des variations de pression dans la chambre haute ou la chambre basse, consécutives à l'effet de rebond du piston sur l'outil, grâce à la présence de l'élément hydraulique sensible à ces variations.The patent EP 0 256 955 describes an apparatus which makes it possible to obtain the same result as a function of the pressure variations in the upper chamber or the lower chamber, consecutive to the rebound effect of the piston on the tool, thanks to the presence of the sensitive hydraulic element to these variations.

Le brevet EP 0 715 932 décrit un système simplifié pouvant équiper les appareils de petites et moyennes puissances. Ce système consiste, lors de la phase de rebond du piston consécutive à l'impact, à déterminer l'existence éventuelle d'un débit instantané de fluide s'écoulant de la chambre haute vers le circuit d'alimentation et à se servir de ce signal pour piloter les paramètres de percussions tels que la pression de frappe ou la fréquence de l'appareil.The patent EP 0 715 932 describes a simplified system that can equip small and medium power devices. This system consists, during the rebound phase of the piston after the impact, to determine the possible existence of an instantaneous flow of fluid flowing from the upper chamber to the feed circuit and to use this signal to control the percussion parameters such as typing pressure or frequency of the device.

Il s'agit, dans ces trois cas, de systèmes bien adaptés à des matériels sophistiqués qui évoluent dans des terrains très hétérogènes et très variés mais qui sont jugés trop coûteux pour des utilisation d'un appareil en terrains homogènes.In these three cases, these are systems that are well adapted to sophisticated equipment that operates in very heterogeneous and varied terrains, but which are deemed too expensive to use a device in homogeneous terrain.

Le document WO 2005/058550 décrit un appareil à percussion selon le préambule de la revendication 1. Le but de l'invention est de fournir un appareil à percussions mû par un fluide incompressible sous pression qui soit simple, fiable et peu onéreux, tout en permettant une protection de l'appareil contre les frappes à vide.The document WO 2005/058550 discloses a percussion apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1. The object of the invention is to provide a percussion apparatus driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure which is simple, reliable and inexpensive, while allowing protection of the apparatus against vacuum strikes.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un appareil à percussion mû par un fluide incompressible sous pression selon la revendication 1.For this purpose, the invention relates to a percussion apparatus powered by an incompressible fluid under pressure according to claim 1.

Il s'agit, en fait, de mettre à profit la chambre de freinage afin qu'elle remplisse une nouvelle fonction consistant à agir sur les moyens de pilotage de la course du piston. Il en résulte qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir des moyens spécifiques pour agir sur les moyens de pilotage de la course du piston. De ce fait, l'appareil selon l'invention est plus simple, fiable et moins onéreux.It is, in fact, to take advantage of the braking chamber to fulfill a new function of acting on the piston stroke control means. As a result, it is not necessary to provide specific means for acting on the piston stroke control means. As a result, the apparatus according to the invention is simpler, more reliable and less expensive.

Avantageusement, la première face du tiroir du dispositif de pilotage est soumise à l'action d'un ressort tandis que la seconde face est soumise à la pression régnant dans la chambre de freinage, cette dernière étant en communication avec une chambre annulaire adjacente ménagée dans le cylindre, tant que le piston n'a pas dépassé sa position théorique de frappe, la chambre annulaire étant reliée à la haute pression.Advantageously, the first face of the spool of the control device is subjected to the action of a spring while the second face is subjected to the pressure prevailing in the braking chamber, the latter being in communication with an adjacent annular chamber formed in the cylinder, as the piston has not exceeded its theoretical strike position, the annular chamber being connected to the high pressure.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, un orifice calibré, constitué par un gicleur, est disposé sur le canal reliant la chambre de freinage et la seconde chambre du dispositif de pilotage.According to another characteristic of the invention, a calibrated orifice, constituted by a nozzle, is arranged on the channel connecting the braking chamber and the second chamber of the control device.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, un clapet anti-retour est disposé sur le canal reliant la chambre de freinage et la seconde chambre du dispositif de pilotage, et cette seconde chambre est reliée par un canal comportant un orifice calibré constitué par un gicleur, au canal reliant le dispositif de pilotage au distributeur.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, a non-return valve is arranged on the channel connecting the braking chamber and the second chamber of the control device, and this second chamber is connected by a channel comprising a calibrated orifice constituted by a nozzle, the channel connecting the control device to the distributor.

Selon une autre alternative de l'invention, la première chambre du dispositif de pilotage est reliée en permanence à un circuit haute pression par un canal comportant un orifice calibré constitué par un gicleur.According to another alternative of the invention, the first chamber of the control device is permanently connected to a high pressure circuit by a channel comprising a calibrated orifice constituted by a nozzle.

Avantageusement, la première chambre du dispositif de pilotage est reliée en permanence au circuit haute pression par un canal débouchant dans la chambre inférieure du cylindre du piston de frappe.Advantageously, the first chamber of the control device is permanently connected to the high pressure circuit by a channel opening into the lower chamber of the cylinder of the striking piston.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la première chambre du dispositif de pilotage est reliée en permanence au circuit de haute pression par un canal relié à la source d'alimentation en fluide sous haute pression.According to a feature of the invention, the first chamber of the control device is permanently connected to the high pressure circuit by a channel connected to the high pressure fluid supply source.

De préférence, le cylindre du dispositif de pilotage comporte plusieurs sections successives différentes, et le tiroir comporte plusieurs sections successives différentes, le tiroir et le cylindre délimitant une chambre annulaire reliée en permanence au distributeur, le tiroir étant agencé pour permettre, lors de son déplacement sous l'effet de fluide en provenance de la chambre de freinage, la mise en communication de la chambre annulaire avec le ou les autres canaux débouchant dans le cylindre du piston de frappe.Preferably, the cylinder of the control device comprises several successive different sections, and the drawer comprises several successive different sections, the drawer and the cylinder defining an annular chamber permanently connected to the distributor, the drawer being arranged to allow, during its displacement under the effect of fluid from the braking chamber, the communication of the annular chamber with the other channel (s) opening into the cylinder of the striking piston.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le tiroir du dispositif de pilotage comprend un alésage central dans lequel est monté coulissant un piston comportant deux tronçons successifs de diamètres différents, un grand diamètre du côté de la première chambre et un petit diamètre du côté de la seconde chambre, une chambre annulaire étant ménagée dans la zone centrale du tiroir, entre celui-ci et le piston central, cette chambre annulaire étant en permanence en liaison avec la chambre annulaire du tiroir reliée au distributeur, cette dernière étant également reliée à la seconde chambre par un canal comportant un orifice calibré, et l'extrémité de faible section du piston étant disposée en regard du canal reliant la seconde chambre à la chambre de freinage.According to another characteristic of the invention, the slide of the control device comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston comprising two successive sections of different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the first chamber and a small diameter on the side of the second chamber, an annular chamber being formed in the central zone of the slide, between the latter and the central piston, this annular chamber being permanently connected to the annular chamber of the slide connected to the distributor, the latter also being connected to the second chamber by a channel having a calibrated orifice, and the small section end of the piston being disposed facing the channel connecting the second chamber to the braking chamber.

Selon une autre alternative de l'invention, le tiroir du dispositif de pilotage comprend un alésage central dans lequel est monté coulissant un piston comportant deux tronçons successifs de diamètres différents, un grand diamètre du côté de la première chambre et un petit diamètre du côté de la seconde chambre, une chambre annulaire étant ménagée dans la zone centrale du tiroir, entre celui-ci et le piston central, cette chambre annulaire étant en permanence en liaison avec une chambre annulaire du tiroir reliée constamment au circuit basse pression, cette dernière étant également reliée à la seconde chambre par un canal comportant un orifice calibré, et l'extrémité de faible section du piston étant disposée en regard du canal reliant la seconde chambre à la chambre de freinage.According to another alternative of the invention, the slide of the control device comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston comprising two successive sections of different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the first chamber and a small diameter on the side of the second chamber, an annular chamber being formed in the central region of the drawer, between the latter and the central piston, this annular chamber being permanently connected to an annular chamber of the connected drawer; constant to the low pressure circuit, the latter also being connected to the second chamber by a channel having a calibrated orifice, and the small section end of the piston being disposed facing the channel connecting the second chamber to the braking chamber.

Selon encore une autre alternative de l'invention, le tiroir du dispositif de pilotage comprend un alésage central dans lequel est monté coulissant un piston comportant deux tronçons successifs de diamètres différents, un grand diamètre du côté de la première chambre et un petit diamètre du côté de la seconde chambre, une chambre annulaire (60) étant ménagée dans la zone centrale du tiroir, entre celui-ci et le piston central, cette chambre annulaire étant en permanence en liaison avec une chambre annulaire du tiroir reliée constamment au circuit basse pression, la seconde chambre étant reliée à la première chambre par un canal comportant un orifice calibré, et l'extrémité de faible section du piston étant disposée en regard du canal reliant la seconde chambre à la chambre de freinage.According to yet another alternative of the invention, the slide of the control device comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston comprising two successive sections of different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the first chamber and a small diameter on the side. the second chamber, an annular chamber (60) being formed in the central zone of the slide, between the latter and the central piston, this annular chamber being permanently connected to an annular chamber of the slide connected constantly to the low pressure circuit, the second chamber being connected to the first chamber by a channel having a calibrated orifice, and the small section end of the piston being arranged facing the channel connecting the second chamber to the braking chamber.

De toute façon l'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, plusieurs formes d'exécution de cet appareil.

  • Figure 1 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un premier appareil.
  • Figures 2, 3 et 4 représentent des vues en coupe longitudinale de cet appareil dans d'autres positions de fonctionnement.
  • Figure 5 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une variante du même appareil.
  • Figures 6, 7 et 8 représentent des vues en coupe longitudinale de l'appareil de la figure 5 dans d'autres positions de fonctionnement.
  • Figure 9 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une autre variante du même appareil.
  • Figures 10, 11 et 12 représentent des vues en coupe longitudinale de l'appareil de la figure 9 dans d'autres positions de fonctionnement.
  • Figure 13 représente des vues en coupe longitudinale d'une variante du tiroir de régulation de course décrit dans les figures 1 à 4 dans trois phases de fonctionnement différentes.
  • Figures 14 à 16 représentent des vues en coupe longitudinale d'autres variantes du même appareil.
  • Figures 17 et 18 représentent des vues en coupe longitudinale de deux variantes du tiroir de régulation décrit dans les figures 5 à 8.
In any case the invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows with reference to the appended schematic drawing showing, by way of non-limiting examples, several embodiments of this apparatus.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first device.
  • Figures 2 , 3 and 4 are longitudinal sectional views of this apparatus in other operating positions.
  • Figure 5 represents a longitudinal sectional view of a variant of the same apparatus.
  • Figures 6 , 7 and 8 represent longitudinal sectional views of the apparatus of the figure 5 in other operating positions.
  • Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of another variant of the same apparatus.
  • Figures 10 , 11 and 12 represent longitudinal sectional views of the apparatus of the figure 9 in other operating positions.
  • Figure 13 represents longitudinal sectional views of a variant of the stroke control slide described in FIGS. Figures 1 to 4 in three different operating phases.
  • Figures 14 to 16 represent longitudinal sectional views of other variants of the same apparatus.
  • Figures 17 and 18 represent longitudinal sectional views of two variants of the regulation slide described in Figures 5 to 8 .

L'appareil représenté aux figures 1 à 4, est un appareil à percussion mû par un fluide incompressible sous pression, entre une course longue et une course courte et inversement.The apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 4 , is a percussion device driven by an incompressible fluid under pressure, between a long stroke and a short stroke and vice versa.

L'appareil à percussion comprend un piston étagé 1 déplaçable de façon alternative à l'intérieur d'un alésage ou cylindre étagé ménagé dans le corps 2 de l'appareil, et venant percuter à chaque cycle un outil 3 monté coulissant dans un alésage ménagé dans le corps 2 coaxialement au cylindre. Le piston 1 délimite avec le cylindre 2 une chambre annulaire basse 4 et une chambre haute 5 de section plus importante ménagée au dessus du piston.The percussion apparatus comprises a stepped piston 1 alternately movable inside a stepped bore or cylinder formed in the body 2 of the apparatus, and coming to strike each cycle a tool 3 slidably mounted in a bore in the body 2 coaxially with the cylinder. The piston 1 defines with the cylinder 2 a lower annular chamber 4 and a higher chamber 5 of larger section formed above the piston.

Un distributeur principal 6 monté dans le corps 2 permet de mettre la chambre haute 5, alternativement en relation avec une alimentation en fluide haute pression 7 lors de la course de descente accélérée du piston pour la frappe, comme montré à la figure 2, ou avec un circuit basse pression 8 lors de la remontée du piston, comme montré à la figure 1.A main distributor 6 mounted in the body 2 makes it possible to put the upper chamber 5, alternatively in connection with a supply of high pressure fluid 7 during the accelerated descent stroke of the piston for striking, as shown in FIG. figure 2 , or with a low pressure circuit 8 during the ascent of the piston, as shown in FIG. figure 1 .

La chambre annulaire 4 est alimentée en permanence en fluide sous haute pression par le canal 9, de manière à ce que chaque position du tiroir du distributeur 6 provoque la course de frappe du piston 1, puis la course de remontée.The annular chamber 4 is permanently supplied with fluid under high pressure through the channel 9, so that each position of the spool of the distributor 6 causes the strike stroke of the piston 1, then the return stroke.

Le piston 1 forme également avec le corps 2, une chambre annulaire 10, appelée chambre de freinage, ménagée dans le prolongement de la chambre basse 4 et alimentée en fluide sous haute pression par cette dernière. La chambre de freinage permet, par le principe du « DASH POT », de dissiper l'énergie de frappe du piston 1 lorsque l'outil 3 n'est pas à proximité de sa position théorique de fonctionnement, c'est à dire en appui sur la partie conique 11 du corps 2.The piston 1 also forms with the body 2, an annular chamber 10, called the braking chamber, formed in the extension of the lower chamber 4 and supplied with fluid under high pressure by the latter. The braking chamber allows, by the principle of "DASH POT", to dissipate the striking energy of the piston 1 when the tool 3 is not close to its theoretical position of operation, ie in support on the conical part 11 of the body 2.

Le choix de la petite ou de la grande course de frappe est établi à partir d'un dispositif de pilotage. Le dispositif de pilotage comporte un tiroir 12 monté dans un cylindre ménagé dans le corps 2 et dans lequel débouchent, décalés axialement, deux canaux 13 et 14 débouchant également dans le cylindre du piston 1. Le canal 13 est relié à une section de pilotage du distributeur principal 6 par l'intermédiaire d'une gorge annulaire 15 et d'un canal 16. Le canal 14 débouche dans le cylindre contenant le piston 1 et sert de canal de pilotage du distributeur principal 6 en cas de course courte. Le dispositif de pilotage peut, selon la position du tiroir sélecteur de course 12, relier les canaux 13 et 14 ou les tenir isolés l'un de l'autre.The choice of small or large stroke is established from a steering device. The control device comprises a slide 12 mounted in a cylinder formed in the body 2 and into which, axially offset, two channels 13 and 14 open out into the cylinder of the piston 1. The channel 13 is connected to a control section of the piston. main distributor 6 through an annular groove 15 and a channel 16. The channel 14 opens into the cylinder containing the piston 1 and serves as control channel of the main distributor 6 in case of short stroke. The Depending on the position of the travel selector drawer 12, the control device may connect the channels 13 and 14 or keep them isolated from one another.

Conformément à l'invention, le tiroir 12 délimite avec le corps 2 trois chambres distinctes. Une chambre 17 constamment reliée au fluide sous haute pression par l'intermédiaire du canal 18 contenant un orifice calibré 19, de la chambre annulaire 4 et du canal 9. Une chambre annulaire 20 soumise à la pression de pilotage du canal 13 et enfin une chambre 21 opposée à la chambre 17 et reliée à la chambre de freinage 10 par un canal 22.According to the invention, the drawer 12 defines with the body 2 three separate chambers. A chamber 17 constantly connected to the fluid under high pressure through the channel 18 containing a calibrated orifice 19, the annular chamber 4 and the channel 9. An annular chamber 20 subjected to the piloting pressure of the channel 13 and finally a chamber 21 opposed to the chamber 17 and connected to the braking chamber 10 by a channel 22.

Dans le schéma représentatif de l'appareil, la pression de pilotage transmise par le canal 16 au distributeur principal 6 est égale à la pression d'alimentation lors de la descente accélérée du piston de frappe 1 et égale à la pression du retour lors de la remontée du même piston. Les changements de pression s'opèrent grâce aux arêtes du piston de frappe 1, ces pressions sont maintenues lors du mouvement du piston par des orifices calibrés non représentés car faisant partie intégrante du distributeur principal 6.In the representative diagram of the apparatus, the pilot pressure transmitted by the channel 16 to the main distributor 6 is equal to the supply pressure during the accelerated descent of the striking piston 1 and equal to the return pressure during the ascent of the same piston. The pressure changes are effected thanks to the edges of the striking piston 1, these pressures are maintained during the movement of the piston by calibrated orifices (not shown) being an integral part of the main distributor 6.

Lorsque l'appareil travaille en terrain homogène dur, l'outil 3 reste à proximité de son appui 11 sous l'effet de la poussée exercée par l'engin porteur sur l'appareil. A chaque choc, l'arête 23 du piston 1 ne croise pas l'arête 24 de la chambre basse 4. Les pressions établies dans les chambres annulaires 4 et 10 sont donc identiques et égales à la pression d'alimentation.When the apparatus works in homogeneous hard ground, the tool 3 remains close to its support 11 under the effect of the thrust exerted by the carrier on the device. At each impact, the edge 23 of the piston 1 does not cross the edge 24 of the lower chamber 4. The pressures established in the annular chambers 4 and 10 are identical and equal to the supply pressure.

La pression qui s'établit dans la chambre 20 est donc soit équivalente soit inférieure à celle établies dans les chambres 17 et 21.The pressure that is established in the chamber 20 is therefore either equivalent to or less than that established in the chambers 17 and 21.

Le tiroir 12 est en équipression ou poussé vers le bas et prend donc une position qui isole les circuits 13 et 14. Seule la course longue pilotée directement par le canal 16 est possible.The drawer 12 is in compression or pushed down and thus takes a position which isolates the circuits 13 and 14. Only the long stroke controlled directly by the channel 16 is possible.

La figure 1 représente l'appareil lorsque le piston 1 a effectué un impact et commence sa course de montée.The figure 1 represents the apparatus when the piston 1 has made an impact and starts its climb stroke.

Lorsque le piston effectue un impact sur l'outil, le canal 16 est relié au circuit basse pression 8 par l'intermédiaire du canal 25 et de la gorge annulaire 15, ce qui entraîne un déplacement du tiroir du distributeur 6 dans la position représentée à la figure 1. Il en résulte que la chambre haute 5 se retrouve reliée au circuit basse pression 8. La résultante des forces hydrauliques s'appliquant sur le piston de frappe déplace donc celui-ci dans le sens de remontée.When the piston makes an impact on the tool, the channel 16 is connected to the low pressure circuit 8 via the channel 25 and the annular groove 15, which causes a movement of the distributor valve 6 in the position shown in FIG. the figure 1 . As a result, the upper chamber 5 is connected to the low pressure circuit 8. The resultant hydraulic forces applying to the striking piston therefore moves it in the upward direction.

La figure 2 représente l'appareil lorsque le piston 1 a terminé sa montée et commence sa course de descente.The figure 2 represents the aircraft when the piston 1 has completed its climb and begins its descent run.

Lorsque le piston termine sa montée, le canal 16 est relié au circuit haute pression 7 par l'intermédiaire du canal 9 et de la chambre basse 4, ce qui entraîne un déplacement du tiroir du distributeur 6 dans la position représentée à la figure 2. Il en résulte que la chambre haute 5 se retrouve reliée au circuit haute pression 7. La résultante des forces hydrauliques s'appliquant sur le piston de frappe déplace celui-ci dans le sens de frappe.When the piston completes its rise, the channel 16 is connected to the high pressure circuit 7 via the channel 9 and the lower chamber 4, which causes a displacement of the distributor valve 6 in the position shown in FIG. figure 2 . As a result, the upper chamber 5 is connected to the high pressure circuit 7. The resultant hydraulic forces on the plunger piston moves it in the direction of typing.

Il doit être noté que, lorsque l'appareil travaille en terrain homogène dur, le tiroir 12 isole les canaux 13 et 14.It should be noted that when the apparatus is working in homogeneous hard ground, the drawer 12 isolates the channels 13 and 14.

En revanche, comme représenté aux figures 3 et 4, lorsque l'appareil travaille en terrain très tendre ou avec un manque d'appui de l'engin porteur, l'outil 3 n'est plus à proximité de sa position théorique de frappe, obligeant le piston de frappe 1 à allonger naturellement sa course de frappe. Dans ce cas, l'arête 23 du piston de frappe 1 croise l'arête 24 de la chambre basse 4, la chambre 10 se trouve alors isolée et sa pression va croître considérablement (le fluide sous pression ne peut s'échapper que par les jeux fonctionnels très réduits) provoquant un brusque ralentissement du piston de frappe et une montée en pression dans la chambre 21 par l'intermédiaire du canal 22. Le tiroir 12 est alors déséquilibré vers le haut et crée une communication entre les canaux 13 et 14 lorsque l'arête 26 du tiroir 12 découvre le canal 14. La course courte pilotée par le canal 14 est alors sélectionnée, comme représenté à la figure 3 lorsque le piston 1 amorce sa montée.On the other hand, as represented figures 3 and 4 when the apparatus works in very soft terrain or with a lack of support of the carrier, the tool 3 is no longer close to its theoretical strike position, forcing the striking piston 1 to naturally lengthen its strike stroke. In this case, the edge 23 of the striking piston 1 crosses the edge 24 of the lower chamber 4, the chamber 10 is then isolated and its pressure will increase considerably (the fluid under pressure can escape only by the very small functional clearances) causing a sudden slowing of the striking piston and a rise in pressure in the chamber 21 via the channel 22. The slide 12 is then unbalanced upwards and creates a communication between the channels 13 and 14 when the edge 26 of the slide 12 discovers the channel 14. The short stroke controlled by the channel 14 is then selected, as shown in FIG. figure 3 when the piston 1 begins its rise.

Ensuite, au cours de sa montée, l'arête 23 du piston découvre la gorge annulaire 27 qui se retrouve reliée au circuit haute pression 7 par l'intermédiaire du canal 9 et de la chambre basse 4. Les canaux 13, 14 et 16 se retrouvent ainsi également reliés au circuit haute pression, ce qui entraîne un déplacement du tiroir du distributeur 6 dans la position représentée à la figure 4. Il en résulte que la chambre haute 5 se retrouve reliée au circuit haute pression 7 et donc que le piston amorce sa descente accélérée, comme cela est représenté à la figure 4.Then, during its rise, the edge 23 of the piston discovers the annular groove 27 which is connected to the high pressure circuit 7 via the channel 9 and the lower chamber 4. The channels 13, 14 and 16 are thus find also connected to the high pressure circuit, which causes a movement of the distributor valve 6 in the position shown in FIG. figure 4 . As a result, the upper chamber 5 is connected to the high pressure circuit 7 and therefore the piston begins its accelerated descent, as shown in FIG. figure 4 .

Puis, lorsque l'arête 28 du piston découvre la gorge annulaire 15, le canal 16 est relié au circuit basse pression 8 par l'intermédiaire du canal 25 et de la gorge 15, ce qui entraîne un déplacement du tiroir du distributeur 6 dans la position représenté à la figure 3. Il en résulte que la chambre haute 5 se retrouve reliée au circuit basse pression 8 et donc que le piston de frappe amorce sa remontée accélérée.Then, when the edge 28 of the piston discovers the annular groove 15, the channel 16 is connected to the low pressure circuit 8 via the channel 25 and the groove 15, which causes a displacement of the distributor valve 6 in the position represented at figure 3 . As a result, the upper chamber 5 is connected to the low pressure circuit 8 and thus the striking piston initiates its accelerated recovery.

L'orifice 19 positionné sur le circuit 18 a pour fonction de limiter la vitesse de déplacement du tiroir 12, évitant ainsi d'éventuels chocs en fin de course.The orifice 19 positioned on the circuit 18 has the function of limiting the speed of movement of the slide 12, thus avoiding any end-of-stroke shocks.

Le rappel en position basse du tiroir 12 se produit progressivement sur plusieurs cycles, lorsque l'arête 23 du piston 1 ne croise plus l'arête 24 de la chambre basse 4, à chaque fois que le canal de pilotage 13 est relié à la basse pression soit par le piston de frappe 1, soit par le système de distribution principal 6.The return to the lower position of the slide 12 occurs gradually over several cycles, when the edge 23 of the piston 1 no longer intersects the edge 24 of the lower chamber 4, each time the control channel 13 is connected to the bass pressure either by the striking piston 1 or by the main distribution system 6.

Les figures 5 à 8 représentent une variante de l'appareil qui comporte un tiroir de sélection de courses 30 différent. Les figures 5 et 6 représentent respectivement l'appareil lorsque l'outil 3 est proche de sa zone sa frappe avec le piston 1 amorçant sa remonté et le piston amorçant sa descente accélérée. Les figures 7 et 8 représentent respectivement l'appareil lorsque l'outil 3 est éloigné de sa zone théorique de frappe avec le début de remontée du piston 1 et le début de descente du piston 1.The Figures 5 to 8 represent a variant of the apparatus which has a different stroke selection drawer. The figures 5 and 6 represent respectively the apparatus when the tool 3 is close to its zone its striking with the piston 1 initiating its ascent and the piston initiating its accelerated descent. The figures 7 and 8 represent respectively the apparatus when the tool 3 is moved away from its theoretical striking zone with the beginning of raising of the piston 1 and the beginning of the descent of the piston 1.

Selon cette variante de l'appareil, le tiroir 30 délimite avec le corps 2 quatre chambres. Deux chambres 31 et 32 opposées et de section identique, la chambre 32 étant constamment reliée au circuit d'alimentation par le canal 18 et la chambre 31 constamment reliée à la chambre de freinage 10 par le canal 22. Enfin le tiroir 30 délimite avec le corps 2 deux chambres annulaires de sections identiques 33 et 34 opposées. La chambre 33 est constamment reliée au circuit basse pression 8 de l'appareil. La chambre 34 est reliée au circuit de pilotage du distributeur principal 6 par les canaux 13 et 16.According to this variant of the apparatus, the drawer 30 delimits with the body 2 four chambers. Two opposite chambers 31 and 32 and of identical section, the chamber 32 being constantly connected to the supply circuit by the channel 18 and the chamber 31 constantly connected to the braking chamber 10 by the channel 22. Finally the drawer 30 delimits with the body 2 two annular chambers of identical sections 33 and 34 opposite. The chamber 33 is constantly connected to the low pressure circuit 8 of the apparatus. The chamber 34 is connected to the control circuit of the main distributor 6 by the channels 13 and 16.

Comme précédemment, le tiroir 30 sera déplacé par la pression créée dans la chambre 10 lorsque le piston 1 allonge sa course de frappe en terrain tendre, déterminant ainsi le fonctionnement en course courte. En revanche, le retour en position basse du tiroir 30 se fera à chaque cycle lorsque la chambre 34 est alimentée en fluide sous pression par le circuit de pilotage 16, 13. En effet les chambres 31 et 32 soumises à la même pression et de sections égales n'exercent pas de forces sur le tiroir 30, en revanche les pressions respectives des chambres annulaires 33 et 34 permettent le déséquilibre du tiroir 30 vers le bas suivant la représentation schématique.As before, the spool 30 will be displaced by the pressure created in the chamber 10 when the piston 1 extends its stroking stroke in soft terrain, thus determining the short stroke operation. On the other hand, the return to the low position of the spool 30 will be done at each cycle when the chamber 34 is supplied with pressurized fluid by the control circuit 16, 13. In fact the chambers 31 and 32 subjected to the same pressure and of sections Similarly, the respective pressures of the annular chambers 33 and 34 allow the unbalance of the slide 30 downwards according to the schematic representation.

Les figures 9 à 12 représentent une variante de l'appareil avec un ensemble piston 1 et corps 2 qui délimitent trois chambres distinctes dont la chambre annulaire de freinage 10 constamment reliée au circuit de retour 8. Les figures 9 à 12 représentant respectivement les débuts de remontée et de descente accélérée du piston 1 dans des cas de terrains homogènes durs ou hétérogènes tendres.The Figures 9 to 12 represent a variant of the apparatus with a piston assembly 1 and body 2 which delimit three distinct chambers including the annular braking chamber 10 constantly connected to the return circuit 8. The Figures 9 to 12 respectively representing the beginnings of upward and downward acceleration of the piston 1 in cases of homogeneous hard or soft heterogeneous terrains.

Comme précédemment, lorsque l'arête 35 du piston 1 croise l'arête 36 de la chambre 10, la pression dans la chambre 10 augmente puisque le fluide ne peut plus s'écouler que par les jeux fonctionnels.As before, when the edge 35 of the piston 1 crosses the edge 36 of the chamber 10, the pressure in the chamber 10 increases since the fluid can flow only by the functional clearances.

Dans cette configuration, le tiroir sélecteur de course 37 délimite avec le corps 2 quatre chambres distinctes dont deux chambres 38 et 39 opposées et de sections équivalentes, la chambre 38 étant toujours reliée au circuit de retour 8, et la chambre 39 étant reliée à la chambre de freinage 10 par le canal 22. Les deux autres chambres annulaires 40 et 41 sont comme précédemment, respectivement reliées au circuit de retour et au circuit de pilotage. La mise en pression du circuit de pilotage à chaque cycle assure la réinitialisation du système.In this configuration, the travel selector drawer 37 delimits, with the body 2, four distinct chambers, of which two opposite chambers 38 and 39 and of equivalent sections, the chamber 38 being always connected to the return circuit 8, and the chamber 39 being connected to the braking chamber 10 by the channel 22. The other two annular chambers 40 and 41 are as previously, respectively connected to the return circuit and the control circuit. The pressurization of the control circuit at each cycle ensures the reinitialization of the system.

La figure 13 représente trois phases de fonctionnement d'une variante du tiroir de régulation de course 12 décrit en référence aux figures 1 à 4. Le tiroir 42 détermine toujours trois chambres 17, 20 et 21 avec l'alésage dans lequel il est monté, comme tel était le cas pour le tiroir 12. Le tiroir 42 comprend un alésage central dans lequel est monté coulissant un piston 43 comportant deux tronçons successifs de diamètres différents, un grand diamètre du côté de la chambre 17 et un petit diamètre du côté de la chambre 21. Une chambre annulaire 44 est ménagée dans la zone centrale du tiroir, entre celui-ci et le piston 43, cette chambre annulaire étant en permanence en liaison avec la chambre annulaire 20 par l'intermédiaire d'un orifice 45. La chambre annulaire 20 est également reliée à la chambre 21 par un canal 46 comportant un orifice calibré 47, et l'extrémité de faible section du piston est disposée en regard du canal 22 reliant la chambre 21 à la chambre de freinage 10.The figure 13 represents three phases of operation of a variant of the stroke control valve 12 described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 . The drawer 42 always determines three chambers 17, 20 and 21 with the bore in which it is mounted, as was the case for the drawer 12. The drawer 42 comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston 43 comprising two sections successive successive diameters, a large diameter on the side of the chamber 17 and a small diameter on the side of the chamber 21. An annular chamber 44 is formed in the central region of the drawer, between the latter and the piston 43, this annular chamber being permanently connected to the annular chamber 20 via an orifice 45. The annular chamber 20 is also connected to the chamber 21 by a channel 46 having a calibrated orifice 47, and the end of small section of the piston is disposed facing the channel 22 connecting the chamber 21 to the braking chamber 10.

Le piston 43 agit comme un clapet anti-retour qui permet l'injection de fluide sous pression entre le canal 22 et la chambre 21 et contraint, lorsqu'il est en appui sur le corps 2, le fluide contenu dans la chambre 21 à s'échapper par le canal 46 et l'orifice 47 vers la chambre annulaire 20. On obtient ainsi un système indépendant des éventuelles ondes de pression négatives transmises par le canal 22 lors des chocs répétés sur l'outil 3.The piston 43 acts as a non-return valve which allows the injection of pressurized fluid between the channel 22 and the chamber 21 and constrains, when it bears against the body 2, the fluid contained in the chamber 21 at s escape through the channel 46 and the orifice 47 to the annular chamber 20. This provides a system independent of any negative pressure waves transmitted by the channel 22 during repeated impacts on the tool 3.

Bien entendu les sections annulaires du tiroir 42 et du piston 43 sont dimensionnées de manière à ce que ces derniers se déplacent dans les mêmes conditions de pressions que le tiroir 12 décrit en référence aux figures 1 à 4.Of course the annular sections of the slide 42 and the piston 43 are dimensioned so that they move in the same pressure conditions as the slide 12 described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 .

La figure 14 représente le fonctionnement d'une autre variante du tiroir de régulation de course 12 décrit en référence aux figures 1 à 4. Dans ce cas, le tiroir 48 comporte une première face soumise à l'action d'un ressort 49 et une seconde face soumise à la pression régnant dans la chambre de freinage 10. Un orifice calibré 50, constitué par un gicleur, est disposé sur le canal 22 reliant la chambre de freinage et le tiroir 48. La vitesse du tiroir 48 est limitée dans les deux sens par l'orifice calibré 50, et le rappel du tiroir dans sa position d'origine est assuré par le ressort 49.The figure 14 represents the operation of another variant of the stroke control slide 12 described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 . In this case, the slide 48 comprises a first face subjected to the action of a spring 49 and a second face subjected to the pressure prevailing in the braking chamber 10. A calibrated orifice 50, constituted by a nozzle, is disposed on the channel 22 connecting the braking chamber and the slide 48. The speed of the slide 48 is limited in both directions by the calibrated orifice 50, and the return of the slide to its original position is provided by the spring 49.

La figure 15 représente une variante de l'appareil de la figure 14 dans laquelle le ressort 49 a été remplacé par un rappel hydraulique alimenté par un canal 51 comportant un orifice calibré 52 qui limite la vitesse de déplacement du tiroir 48.The figure 15 represents a variant of the apparatus of the figure 14 in which the spring 49 has been replaced by a hydraulic return powered by a channel 51 having a calibrated orifice 52 which limits the speed of movement of the slide 48.

La figure 16 représente une autre variante de l'appareil de la figure 14 dans laquelle un mouvement du tiroir 48 est engendré par une circulation d'huile dans le canal 22 à travers un clapet anti-retour 53 et dont le rappel est assuré par un ressort 49. La vitesse du tiroir 48 est limitée par un gicleur 54 situé sur un canal 55 reliant la chambre de pilotage 56 du tiroir 12 au canal 13.The figure 16 represents another variant of the apparatus of the figure 14 in which a movement of the slide 48 is generated by an oil flow in the channel 22 through a check valve 53 and whose return is provided by a spring 49. The speed of the slide 48 is limited by a nozzle 54 located on a channel 55 connecting the control chamber 56 of the slide 12 to the channel 13.

Les figures 17 et 18 représentent deux variantes du tiroir de régulation 30 décrit en référence aux figures 5 à 8. Les tiroirs 57 et 58 déterminent toujours quatre chambres 31, 32, 33 et 34 avec les alésages dans lesquels ils sont montés, comme tel était le cas pour le tiroir 30.The Figures 17 and 18 represent two variants of the regulation slide 30 described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 . The drawers 57 and 58 always determine four chambers 31, 32, 33 and 34 with the bores in which they are mounted, as was the case for the drawer 30.

Le tiroir 57 comprend un alésage central dans lequel est monté coulissant un piston 59 comportant deux tronçons successifs de diamètres différents, un grand diamètre du côté de la chambre 32 et un petit diamètre du côté de la chambre 31. Une chambre annulaire 60 est ménagée dans la zone centrale du tiroir, entre celui-ci et le piston 59, cette chambre annulaire étant en permanence en liaison avec la chambre annulaire 33 par l'intermédiaire d'un orifice 61. La chambre annulaire 33 est également reliée à la chambre 31 par un canal 62 comportant un orifice calibré 63, et l'extrémité de faible section du piston est disposée en regard du canal 22 reliant la chambre 31 à la chambre de freinage 10.The spool 57 comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston 59 comprising two successive sections of different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the chamber 32 and a small diameter on the side of the chamber 31. An annular chamber 60 is provided in the central zone of the slide, between the latter and the piston 59, this annular chamber being permanently connected to the annular chamber 33 via an orifice 61. The annular chamber 33 is also connected to the chamber 31 by a channel 62 having a calibrated orifice 63, and the end of small section of the piston is disposed facing the channel 22 connecting the chamber 31 to the braking chamber 10.

Le tiroir 58 diffère du tiroir 57 essentiellement par le fait que la chambre 31 n'est pas reliée à la chambre 33 par le canal 62 mais est reliée à la chambre 32 par un canal 64 comportant un orifice calibré 65.The drawer 58 differs from the drawer 57 essentially in that the chamber 31 is not connected to the chamber 33 by the channel 62 but is connected to the chamber 32 by a channel 64 having a calibrated orifice 65.

Comme pour le piston 43, le piston 59 agit comme un clapet anti-retour qui permet l'injection de fluide sous pression.As for the piston 43, the piston 59 acts as a non-return valve which allows the injection of fluid under pressure.

Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas aux seules formes d'exécution de cet appareil, décrites ci-dessus à titre d'exemples, elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes de réalisation dans le cadre des revendications.As goes without saying, the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this apparatus, described above as examples, it encompasses all the variants within the scope of the claims.

Claims (11)

  1. Percussion equipment driven by a pressurized incompressible fluid, including:
    - a body (2) inside which two coaxial bores are formed: a bore in which a tool (3) is slidably mounted and a stepped bore, i.e. including different successive sections, forming a cylinder for a stepped piston (1), the piston being movable alternatingly inside the cylinder (2) and, during each cycle, striking the tool (3), the piston defining, with the cylinder, at least one top chamber (5) and one bottom chamber (4) sequentially supplied with incompressible fluid under high pressure, under the action of a directional control valve (6),
    - a network of channels emerging in the cylinder, some of which can, depending on their function, be connected through the directional control valve (6) to the high-pressure (7) and/or low-pressure (8) networks, depending on the considered moment of the operating cycle,
    - a control device arranged to vary the stroke of the striking piston between a long stroke and a short stroke and vice versa, the control device comprising a cylinder, in which a spool (12, 30, 37, 42, 48, 57, 58) is mounted, and in which at least one channel (13) emerges that is connected to the directional control valve (6) and a channel (14) also emerging in the cylinder of the striking piston (1) and capable of being put in communication with the bottom chamber (4) during the upward movement of the striking piston,
    - a braking chamber (10) positioned in an area of the cylinder for the stepped piston (1) situated on the tool side, closable by a shoulder (23) of the piston when the piston (1) exceeds its theoretical striking position,
    where a first face of the spool (12, 30, 37, 42, 48, 57, 58) mounted in the cylinder of the control device is situated in a first chamber (17, 32, 38) and where the second face of the spool (12, 30, 37, 42, 48, 57, 58) mounted in the cylinder of the control device is situated in a second chamber (21, 31, 39, 56) connected to the braking chamber (10), characterized in that the first chamber (17, 32, 38) is continuously subjected to a determined pressure.
  2. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the first face of the spool of the control device is subjected to the action of the spring (49) while the second face is subjected to the pressure prevailing in the braking chamber (10), the latter being in communication with an adjacent annular chamber (4) formed in the cylinder, as long as the piston has not exceeded its theoretical striking position, the annular chamber being connected under high pressure.
  3. The equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that a calibrated port (50), formed by a nozzle, is positioned on the channel (22) connecting the braking chamber (10) and the second chamber of the control device.
  4. The equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that a check valve (53) is positioned on the channel (22) connecting the braking chamber (10) and the second chamber (56) of the control device, and said second chamber is connected by a channel (55) including a calibrated port (54) formed by a nozzle to the channel (13) connecting the control device to the directional control valve (6).
  5. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the first chamber of the control device is continuously connected to a high-pressure circuit by a channel (18, 51) including a calibrated port (19, 52) formed by a nozzle.
  6. The equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that the first chamber (17, 32) of the control device is continuously connected to the high-pressure circuit by a channel (18) emerging in the bottom chamber (4) of the cylinder of the striking piston (1).
  7. The equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that the first chamber of the control device is continuously connected to the high-pressure circuit by a channel (51) connected to the high-pressure fluid supply source (7).
  8. The equipment according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cylinder of the control device includes several different successive sections, and the spool (12, 13, 37, 42, 57, 58) includes several different successive sections, the spool and the cylinder delimiting an annular chamber (20, 34, 41) continuously connected to the directional control valve (6), the spool (12, 30, 37, 42, 57, 58) being arranged to allow, when it is moved under the effect of fluid coming from the braking chamber (10), communication between the annular chamber (20, 34, 41) and the other channel(s) (13, 14) emerging in the cylinder of the striking piston.
  9. The equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that the spool (42) of the control device comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston (43) including two successive sections with different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the first chamber and a small diameter on the side of the second chamber, an annular chamber (44) being formed in the central area of the spool, between the latter and the central piston (43), said annular chamber being continuously connected with the annular chamber (20) of the spool connected to the directional control valve (6), the latter also being connected to the second chamber (21) by a channel (46) including a calibrated port (47), and the end of the piston with a small cross-section being positioned across from the channel (22) connecting the second chamber to the braking chamber (10).
  10. The equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that the spool (57) of the control device comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston (59) including two successive sections with different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the first chamber and a small diameter on the side of the second chamber, an annular chamber (60) being formed in the central area of the spool, between the latter and the central piston (59), this annular chamber being continuously connected with an annular chamber (33) of the spool constantly connected to the low-pressure circuit (8), the latter also being connected to the second chamber (31) by a channel (62) including a calibrated port (63), and the end of the piston with a small cross-section being positioned across from the channel (22) connecting the second chamber to the braking chamber (10).
  11. The equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that the spool (58) of the control device comprises a central bore in which is slidably mounted a piston (59) including two successive sections with different diameters, a large diameter on the side of the first chamber and a small diameter on the side of the second chamber, an annular chamber (60) being formed in the central area of the spool, between the latter and the central piston (59), said annular chamber being continuously connected with an annular chamber (33) of the spool constantly connected to the low-pressure circuit (8), the second chamber (31) being connected to the first chamber (32) by a channel (64) including a calibrated port (65), and the end of the piston with a small cross-section being positioned across from the channel (22) connecting the second chamber to the braking chamber (10).
EP20070803791 2006-06-27 2007-06-27 Percussion equipment driven by a pressurized incompressible fluid Active EP2032316B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0605764A FR2902684B1 (en) 2006-06-27 2006-06-27 METHOD FOR SWITCHING THE STROKE STROKE OF A MU-PERCUSSION APPARATUS BY AN INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID UNDER PRESSURE, AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD
PCT/FR2007/001082 WO2008000958A2 (en) 2006-06-27 2007-06-27 Percussion equipment driven by a pressurized incompressible fluid

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2032316A2 EP2032316A2 (en) 2009-03-11
EP2032316B1 true EP2032316B1 (en) 2013-05-08

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EP20070803791 Active EP2032316B1 (en) 2006-06-27 2007-06-27 Percussion equipment driven by a pressurized incompressible fluid

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US (1) US8151900B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2032316B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101383219B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101500761B (en)
AU (1) AU2007264799A1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0714073A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2654547A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2424361T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2902684B1 (en)
IL (1) IL195012A0 (en)
NO (1) NO20090380L (en)
WO (1) WO2008000958A2 (en)

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CA2654547A1 (en) 2008-01-03
KR101383219B1 (en) 2014-04-09
AU2007264799A1 (en) 2008-01-03
BRPI0714073A2 (en) 2012-12-18
KR20090021349A (en) 2009-03-03
WO2008000958A3 (en) 2008-02-21
NO20090380L (en) 2009-01-26
US8151900B2 (en) 2012-04-10
IL195012A0 (en) 2009-08-03
CN101500761A (en) 2009-08-05
FR2902684B1 (en) 2010-02-26
FR2902684A1 (en) 2007-12-28
ES2424361T3 (en) 2013-10-01
WO2008000958A2 (en) 2008-01-03
CN101500761B (en) 2012-01-25
EP2032316A2 (en) 2009-03-11
US20090250234A1 (en) 2009-10-08

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