EP2031043A2 - Fuel composition - Google Patents
Fuel composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2031043A2 EP2031043A2 EP08011970A EP08011970A EP2031043A2 EP 2031043 A2 EP2031043 A2 EP 2031043A2 EP 08011970 A EP08011970 A EP 08011970A EP 08011970 A EP08011970 A EP 08011970A EP 2031043 A2 EP2031043 A2 EP 2031043A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel composition
- volume
- vol
- advantageously
- alkanes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 39
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 11
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 C 4 alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylhexyl Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FLTJDUOFAQWHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)(C)C FLTJDUOFAQWHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKVWYBALHQFVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trimethylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(C)C OKVWYBALHQFVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLPGDEORIPLBNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trimethylpentane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)C(C)C RLPGDEORIPLBNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HDGQICNBXPAKLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CCC(C)CC(C)C HDGQICNBXPAKLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical class CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- JXPOLSKBTUYKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N xi-2,3-Dimethylhexane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C(C)C JXPOLSKBTUYKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGECXQBGLLYSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-2,3-dimethyl-pentane Natural products CCC(C)C(C)C WGECXQBGLLYSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTDQDBVBDLYELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trimethylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C(C)(C)C XTDQDBVBDLYELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)C GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical class CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel composition of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- a fuel composition consisting exclusively of alkanes is known.
- Fuels which consist largely of alkanes, are used for example in the forestry sector.
- Normal gasoline contains, in addition to alkanes, considerable amounts of aromatics, oxygenates, olefins and naphethenes. Also, other ingredients may be included.
- the invention has for its object to provide a fuel composition of the generic type, with a good acceleration behavior and a good rich come down behavior of an internal combustion engine is achieved.
- Known fuel compositions with a high alkane content have a boiling range different from normal petrol. From about 100 ° C, the boiling range of known fuel compositions with high alkane content is very flat, since these fuels usually have a Isooktananteil of about 70%. By contrast, the boiling range of regular gasoline continues to rise above 100 ° C. Below 100 ° C, however, the boiling range of fuels with high alkane content is steeper than the boiling range of normal gasoline.
- At least 30% by volume of the fuel composition evaporates at temperatures above 110 ° C. All information on the evaporation of the fuel composition refers to a determination of the distillation process according to DIN EN ISO 3405.
- At least 20% by volume of the fuel composition evaporates at temperatures above 130 ° C., in particular at at least 140 ° C. At least 10% by volume of the fuel composition expediently evaporate at temperatures above 165 ° C.
- Known high alkane fuel compositions contain little or no components boiling above 165 ° C. The design of the boiling line such that at least 10 vol .-% of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures above 165 ° C, the performance of the internal combustion engine can be significantly improved.
- At least 20% by volume of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures below 70 ° C., in particular at temperatures below 65 ° C.
- at least 30% by volume of the fuel composition evaporates at temperatures below 85 ° C.
- the isoalkane content of the fuel composition is more than 85% by volume.
- the fuel composition contains up to about 97% by volume of C4 to C14 isoalkanes.
- the fuel composition about 7 vol .-% to about 57 vol .-%, in particular about 12 vol .-% to about 45 vol .-%, suitably about 18 vol .-% to about 30 vol .-%, advantageously about 25 vol .-% C10 to C14 alkanes.
- the rich come-down behavior is improved over known fuels having a high isoalkane content.
- an improved acceleration and starting behavior can be achieved, in particular with a C 10 to C 14 alkane content of about 18% by volume to about 30% by volume.
- C10 to C14 alkanes are alkanes having 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the fuel composition about 10 vol .-% to about 40 vol .-%, preferably about 13 vol .-% to about 30 vol .-%, preferably about 15 vol .-% to contains about 25 vol .-%, in particular about 20 vol .-% C4 and C5-isoalkanes.
- C4 and C5 alkanes are alkanes with 4 or 5 carbon atoms, ie butanes and pentanes. Compared with known high alkane fuel compositions, the proportion of C4 and C5 alkanes is increased.
- the fuel composition does not contain more than 60% by volume of C6 to C9 alkanes.
- C6- to C9-alkanes are alkanes having 6 to 9 carbon atoms, ie hexanes, heptanes, octanes and nonanes.
- the fuel composition contains about 30% to about 60% by volume, more preferably about 40% to about 55% by volume of C6 to C9 alkanes.
- the C6 to C9 alkanes are advantageously isoalkanes.
- the fuel composition may contain up to about 20% by volume of oxygen-containing organic compounds.
- the proportion of biogenic substances that is to say of the substances of biological or organic origin, in the fuel composition can be up to about 20% by volume.
- the proportion of the oxygen-containing organic compounds is up to about 10 vol .-%., In particular up to about 6 vol .-%. With a proportion of oxygen-containing organic compounds of up to about 6% by volume, the result is a comparatively small amount of lean-burn of the fuel / air mixture which is formed during operation of an internal combustion engine from the fuel composition and combustion air.
- the proportion of oxygen-containing organic components increases the octane number of the fuel composition.
- a content of oxygen-containing organic components of about 6 vol .-% to about 10 vol .-%
- the octane number continues to increase.
- the fuel / air mixture continues to lean. This leads to an increased operating temperature of the internal combustion engine, so that with an increase in the proportion of oxygen-containing organic components suitable measures must be taken to avoid an excessive operating temperature of the internal combustion engine.
- the oxygen-containing organic compounds may include methanol, ethanol, ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and / or butanol. It is envisaged that the proportion of C6 to C9 alkanes will be reduced in favor of the oxygen-containing organic compounds.
- the proportion of the C6 to C9 alkanes and the oxygen-containing organic compounds in the fuel composition is advantageously together about 30 vol .-% to about 60 vol .-%, in particular about 40 vol .-% to about 55 vol .-%.
- the fuel composition has an engine octane number of more than 87, in particular more than 90. It is envisaged that the fuel composition is suitable for a two-stroke engine or for a compound-lubricated four-stroke engine.
- the fuel composition contains two-stroke oil for lubrication of the two-stroke engine or mixture-lubricated four-stroke engine.
- the proportion of two-stroke oil is advantageously less than about 5 vol .-%, suitably about 1% to about 3% by volume, more preferably about 2% by volume of the fuel composition.
- the fuel composition contains aromatics, wherein the proportion of aromatics is advantageously less than about 5 vol .-%, in particular less than about 1 vol .-%. It is contemplated that the fuel composition contains benzene, wherein the proportion of benzene in the fuel composition is advantageously less than about 0.2% by volume, more preferably less than about 0.1% by volume.
- the fuel composition contains olefins wherein less than about 5% by volume, more preferably less than about 1% by volume of olefins are included in the fuel composition. It is contemplated that the fuel composition contains naphthenes, advantageously containing less than about 5% by volume, more preferably less than about 1% by volume of naphthenes.
- Fig. 1 is the boiling range of different fuel compositions shown.
- the temperature T in ° C above the vaporized at this temperature fuel fraction V in Vol .-% is applied.
- the boiling line is measured and plotted in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3405.
- Curve 1 shows the boiling range of regular gasoline. The boiling line rises comparatively constant. There are components that evaporate above 180 ° C.
- the curve 2 shows the boiling range for conventional special fuel containing a high proportion of alkanes. The boiling range of this fuel runs steeper than the boiling range of normal fuel below 100 ° C and then has a very flat course.
- Curve 3 shows an exemplary boiling curve for the new fuel composition. The course of the boiling line is aligned with the course of the boiling line of regular gasoline.
- the course of the boiling line is flatter than the curve of curve 2 of conventional special fuel, so fuel, which has a high isoalkane content and is used for example in the forestry sector.
- the subsequent course of the boiling line is considerably steeper than with conventional special fuel.
- the new fuel composition also includes higher boiling components.
- the boiling range of the new fuel composition is designed so that at least 25% by volume, in particular at least 30% by volume, of the fuel composition evaporates at temperatures T above 110 ° C.
- the point of the boiling line, at which evaporates 70% by volume of a sample is about 116 ° C to about 125 ° C. At least 20% by volume of the fuel composition will evaporate at temperatures T above 130 ° C, especially at least 140 ° C.
- the boiling point point at which 80% by volume of a sample has evaporated is from about 140 ° C to about 152 ° C. 10 vol .-% of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures T above 165 ° C.
- the point of the boiling line to which 90% by volume of a sample has evaporated is from about 168 ° C to about 178 ° C.
- the boiling end is about 200 ° C.
- at least 20% by volume of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures T below about 70 ° C., in particular at temperatures T below 65 ° C.
- the point of the boiling line to which 20% by volume of a sample has evaporated is from about 59 ° C to about 68 ° C.
- the boiling point point at which 30% by volume of a sample has evaporated is from about 65 ° C to about 85 ° C.
- An advantageous fuel composition having a boiling line corresponding to curve 3 has about 5% by volume C 4 alkanes, about 20% by volume C 5 alkanes, about 48% by volume C 8 alkanes, about 6% by volume. C11 alkanes and about 17% by volume C12 alkanes.
- the fuel may be about 4.8% by volume of n-butane, about 19.7% by volume of 2-methylbutane, about 32.5% by volume of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, about 1% by volume. % 2,2-dimethylhexane, about 1.5 vol.% 2,2,3-trimethylpentane, about 1.4 vol.% 2,4-dimethylhexane, about 6.2% by volume of 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, about 3.3% by volume of 2,3,3-trimethylpentane, about 1.5% by volume of 2,3-dimethylhexane, about 17.2% by volume % C12 iso-paraffin and a total of about 6% by volume of different isomers of C11 iso-paraffin and about 2% two-cycle oil.
- the proportion of aromatics, olefins and naphthenes is in each case below 1% by volume.
- the proportion of benzene is less than 0.1% by volume.
- a proportion of 0.5 vol .-% aromatic and 0.05 vol .-% benzene may be provided.
- the proportion of olefins may be about 0.2% by volume and the proportion of naphthenes about 0.1% by volume.
- no oxygen-containing organic compounds are included.
- a second fuel composition containing oxygen-containing organic compounds may be composed as follows: 4.0% by volume of n-butane, 21.1% by volume of 2-methylbutane, 38.8% by volume of 2,2,4- Trimethylpentane, 7.1% by volume of 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 5.2% by volume of 2,3,3-trimethylpentane, 18.2% by volume of C12 iso-paraffin and 5.5 vol. -% ethanol.
- a third fuel composition also contains oxygen-containing organic compounds. The proportion of C6 to C9 alkanes is reduced accordingly.
- the third fuel composition contains 23.1% by volume of 2-methylbutane, 51.3% by volume of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 18.1% by volume of C12 isoparaffin, 5.5% by volume of ethanol and 2% by volume of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE).
- MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether
- a fourth fuel composition containing no oxygen-containing organic compounds may be 29.9% by volume of 2-methylbutane, 57.3% by volume of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 3.0% by volume of isoundekane, 6.2 Vol .-% isododecane and 3.6 vol .-% p-xylene.
- a fifth fuel composition contains 11.2% by volume of 2-methylbutane, 30.2% by volume of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 45% by volume of isodecane, 2.0% by volume of two-cycle oil, for example, HP Super of Fa. Stihl, 2.5% by volume of ethanol, 2.0% by volume of MTBE, 4.8% by volume of p-xylene and 2.3% by volume of cyclopentane.
- FIG. 2 shows the acceleration behavior of a proposed new fuel composition with adjusted boiling range compared to a previous special fuel with high alkane content.
- the speed n is plotted against the time t.
- Curve 4 shows the acceleration behavior of conventional special fuel.
- the rotational speed n does not increase uniformly, but first rises to a plateau, from which the rotational speed n initially rises slowly up to the maximum rotational speed.
- uniform acceleration is achieved up to the maximum speed. The maximum speed is reached earlier than with conventional special fuel.
- the speed n drops to a minimum speed n 1 , although still below the idle speed n L , the speed n 1 , however, is significantly above the speed n 0 .
- the overshoot of the speed curve is significantly mitigated by the new fuel composition.
- the speed n increases again with the new fuel composition to the idle speed n L.
- the increased proportion of low-boiling components such as C4 and C5 alkanes also improves the starting behavior of the engine, resulting in a better performance.
- All described fuel compositions advantageously have an engine octane number which is greater than 87, in particular greater than 90.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftstoffzusammensetzung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung.The invention relates to a fuel composition of the type specified in the preamble of
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Kraftstoffzusammensetzung der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, mit der ein gutes Beschleunigungsverhalten und ein gutes Rich Come Down-Verhalten eines Verbrennungsmotors erreicht wird.The invention has for its object to provide a fuel composition of the generic type, with a good acceleration behavior and a good rich come down behavior of an internal combustion engine is achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Kraftstoffzusammensetzung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a fuel composition having the features of
Bekannte Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit einem hohen Alkananteil weisen eine von Normalbenzin abweichende Siedelinie auf. Ab etwa 100°C verläuft die Siedelinie von bekannten Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit hohem Alkananteil sehr flach, da diese Kraftstoffe üblicherweise einen Isooktananteil von über 70 % aufweisen. Die Siedelinie von Normalbenzin steigt dagegen auch oberhalb von 100°C weiter an. Unterhalb von 100°C verläuft die Siedelinie von Kraftstoffen mit hohem Alkananteil dagegen steiler als die Siedelinie von Normalbenzin.Known fuel compositions with a high alkane content have a boiling range different from normal petrol. From about 100 ° C, the boiling range of known fuel compositions with high alkane content is very flat, since these fuels usually have a Isooktananteil of about 70%. By contrast, the boiling range of regular gasoline continues to rise above 100 ° C. Below 100 ° C, however, the boiling range of fuels with high alkane content is steeper than the boiling range of normal gasoline.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich durch geeignete Anpassung der Siedelinie von Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit hohem Alkananteil an die Siedelinie von Normalbenzin das Betriebsverhalten eines mit dieser Kraftstoffzusammensetzung betriebenen Verbrennungsmotors deutlich verbessern lässt.It has been found that by suitable adaptation of the boiling range of fuel compositions with high alkane content to the boiling range of normal gasoline, the operating behavior of an internal combustion engine operated with this fuel composition can be significantly improved.
Um insbesondere beim Verzögern des Verbrennungsmotors aus Volllast, also beim "Rich Come Down", ein verbessertes Betriebsverhalten zu erreichen, ist vorgesehen, dass mindestens 25 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 110°C verdampfen. Dabei wir der Destillationsverlauf nach DIN EN ISO 3405 bestimmt. Der Destillationsverlauf soll dabei im Rahmen der mit dem angegebenen Verfahren erzielbaren Messgenauigkeit den angegebenen Wert erreichen. Diese gegenüber bekannten Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit hohem Alkananteil höhere Temperatur liegt näher an der für Normalbenzin geltenden Temperatur. So lässt sich ein verbessertes Betriebsverhalten erreichen.In order to achieve an improved operating behavior, in particular when decelerating the internal combustion engine from full load, ie during the "rich come down", it is provided that at least 25% by volume of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures above 110 ° C. In doing so we determine the course of distillation according to DIN EN ISO 3405. The distillation process should reach the specified value within the scope of the measurement accuracy achievable with the stated method. This higher temperature compared to known fuel compositions with high alkane content is closer to that for normal gasoline applicable temperature. This achieves improved performance.
Insbesondere verdampfen mindestens 30 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 110°C. Alle Angaben über die Verdampfung der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung beziehen sich dabei auf eine Bestimmung des Destillationsverlaufs nach DIN EN ISO 3405.In particular, at least 30% by volume of the fuel composition evaporates at temperatures above 110 ° C. All information on the evaporation of the fuel composition refers to a determination of the distillation process according to DIN EN ISO 3405.
Vorteilhaft verdampfen mindestens 20 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 130°C, insbesondere bei mindestens 140°C. Zweckmäßig verdampfen mindestens 10 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 165°C. Bei bekannten Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit hohem Alkananteil sind keine oder kaum Komponenten enthalten, die oberhalb von 165°C sieden. Durch die Auslegung der Siedelinie derart, dass mindestens 10 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 165°C verdampfen, lässt sich das Betriebsverhalten des Verbrennungsmotors deutlich verbessern.Advantageously, at least 20% by volume of the fuel composition evaporates at temperatures above 130 ° C., in particular at at least 140 ° C. At least 10% by volume of the fuel composition expediently evaporate at temperatures above 165 ° C. Known high alkane fuel compositions contain little or no components boiling above 165 ° C. The design of the boiling line such that at least 10 vol .-% of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures above 165 ° C, the performance of the internal combustion engine can be significantly improved.
Um das Beschleunigungsverhalten eines mit der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung betriebenen Verbrennungsmotors zu verbessern, ist vorgesehen, dass mindestens 20 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 70°C, insbesondere bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 65°C verdampfen. Zweckmäßig verdampfen mindestens 30 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 85°C.In order to improve the acceleration behavior of an internal combustion engine operated with the fuel composition, it is provided that at least 20% by volume of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures below 70 ° C., in particular at temperatures below 65 ° C. Preferably, at least 30% by volume of the fuel composition evaporates at temperatures below 85 ° C.
Um den Einsatz der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung beispielsweise auch im Forstbereich zu ermöglichen, ist vorgesehen, dass der Isoalkananteil der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung mehr als 85 Vol.-% beträgt. Vorteilhaft enthält die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bis zu etwa 97 Vol.-% C4- bis C14-Isoalkane.In order to enable the use of the fuel composition, for example in the forestry sector, it is provided that the isoalkane content of the fuel composition is more than 85% by volume. Advantageously, the fuel composition contains up to about 97% by volume of C4 to C14 isoalkanes.
Zur Anpassung der Siedelinie ist vorgesehen, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung etwa 7 Vol.-% bis etwa 57 Vol.-%, insbesondere etwa 12 Vol.-% bis etwa 45 Vol.-%, zweckmäßig etwa 18 Vol.-% bis etwa 30 Vol.-%, vorteilhaft etwa 25 Vol.-% C10- bis C14-Alkane enthält. Bei einem Anteil von etwa 7 Vol.-% bis etwa 57 Vol.-% C10- bis C14-Alkanen, insbesondere Isoalkanen ist das Rich Come Down-Verhalten gegenüber bekannten Kraftstoffen mit hohem Isoalkananteil verbessert. Zusätzlich ein verbessertes Beschleunigungs- und Startverhalten lassen sich insbesondere bei einem C10- bis C14-Alkananteil von etwa 18 Vol.-% bis etwa 30 Vol.-% erreichen. C10- bis C14-Alkane sind dabei Alkane mit 10 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatomen. Zur Anpassung der Siedelinie im unteren Bereich ist vorgesehen, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung etwa 10 Vol.-% bis etwa 40 Vol.-%, zweckmäßig etwa 13 Vol.-% bis etwa 30 Vol.-%, vorteilhaft etwa 15 Vol.-% bis etwa 25 Vol.-%, insbesondere etwa 20 Vol.-% C4-und C5-Isoalkane enthält. C4- und C5-Alkane sind dabei Alkane mit 4 oder 5 Kohlenstoffatomen, also Butane und Pentane. Gegenüber bekannten Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit hohem Alkananteil ist der Anteil der C4- und C5-Alkane erhöht. Dadurch siedet ein größerer Teil der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bereits bei niedrigeren Temperaturen. Dadurch lässt sich ein verbessertes Startverhalten und Beschleunigungsverhalten erreichen. Bei einem C4- und C5-Alkananteil von etwa 15 Vol.-% bis etwa 25 Vol.-% lässt sich das Beschleunigungs- und Startverhalten weiter verbessern.To adjust the boiling range, it is provided that the fuel composition about 7 vol .-% to about 57 vol .-%, in particular about 12 vol .-% to about 45 vol .-%, suitably about 18 vol .-% to about 30 vol .-%, advantageously about 25 vol .-% C10 to C14 alkanes. With a proportion of about 7% by volume to about 57% by volume of C10 to C14 alkanes, in particular isoalkanes, the rich come-down behavior is improved over known fuels having a high isoalkane content. In addition, an improved acceleration and starting behavior can be achieved, in particular with a C 10 to C 14 alkane content of about 18% by volume to about 30% by volume. C10 to C14 alkanes are alkanes having 10 to 14 carbon atoms. To adjust the boiling range in the lower range, it is provided that the fuel composition about 10 vol .-% to about 40 vol .-%, preferably about 13 vol .-% to about 30 vol .-%, preferably about 15 vol .-% to contains about 25 vol .-%, in particular about 20 vol .-% C4 and C5-isoalkanes. C4 and C5 alkanes are alkanes with 4 or 5 carbon atoms, ie butanes and pentanes. Compared with known high alkane fuel compositions, the proportion of C4 and C5 alkanes is increased. As a result, a larger part of the fuel composition already boils at lower temperatures. As a result, an improved starting behavior and acceleration behavior can be achieved. At a C4 and C5 alkane content of about 15% by volume Up to about 25% by volume, the acceleration and starting behavior can be further improved.
Es ist vorgesehen, den Anteil der C6- bis C9-Alkane zu Gunsten der höher siedenden C10- bis C14-Alkane und zu Gunsten der niedrig siedenden C4- und C5-Alkane zu verringern. Vorteilhaft enthält die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung nicht mehr als 60 Vol.-% C6- bis C9-Alkane. C6- bis C9-Alkane sind dabei Alkane mit 6 bis 9 Kohlenstoffatomen, also Hexane, Heptane, Oktane und Nonane. Vorteilhaft enthält die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung etwa 30 Vol.-% bis etwa 60 Vol.-%, insbesondere etwa 40 Vol.-% bis etwa 55 Vol.-% C6- bis C9-Alkane. Bei einem C6- bis C9-Alkananteil ergibt sich ein gutes Rich Come Down-Verhalten und bei einem C6- bis C9-Alkananteil von etwa 40 Vol.-% bis etwa 55 Vol.-% ist auch das Beschleunigungs- und Startverhalten weiter verbessert. Die C6- bis C9-Alkane sind vorteilhaft Isoalkane.It is envisaged to reduce the proportion of C6 to C9 alkanes in favor of the higher boiling C10 to C14 alkanes and in favor of the low boiling C4 and C5 alkanes. Advantageously, the fuel composition does not contain more than 60% by volume of C6 to C9 alkanes. C6- to C9-alkanes are alkanes having 6 to 9 carbon atoms, ie hexanes, heptanes, octanes and nonanes. Advantageously, the fuel composition contains about 30% to about 60% by volume, more preferably about 40% to about 55% by volume of C6 to C9 alkanes. With a C6 to C9 alkane content, a good rich come down behavior results and with a C6 to C9 alkane content of about 40% by volume to about 55% by volume, the acceleration and starting behavior is further improved. The C6 to C9 alkanes are advantageously isoalkanes.
Es kann vorteilhaft sein, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bis zu etwa 20 Vol.-% sauerstoffhaltige organische Verbindungen enthält. Dadurch kann der Anteil biogener Substanzen, also der Substanzen biologischen oder organischen Ursprungs an der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bis zu etwa 20 Vol.-% betragen. Zweckmäßig beträgt der Anteil der sauerstoffhaltigen organischen Verbindungen bis zu etwa 10 Vol.-%., insbesondere bis zu etwa 6 Vol.-%. Bei einem Anteil sauerstoffhaltiger organischer Verbindungen von bis zu etwa 6 Vol.-% ergibt sich eine vergleichsweise geringe Abmagerung des Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemischs, das im Betrieb eines Verbrennungsmotors aus der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung und Verbrennungsluft gebildet wird.It may be advantageous for the fuel composition to contain up to about 20% by volume of oxygen-containing organic compounds. As a result, the proportion of biogenic substances, that is to say of the substances of biological or organic origin, in the fuel composition can be up to about 20% by volume. Suitably, the proportion of the oxygen-containing organic compounds is up to about 10 vol .-%., In particular up to about 6 vol .-%. With a proportion of oxygen-containing organic compounds of up to about 6% by volume, the result is a comparatively small amount of lean-burn of the fuel / air mixture which is formed during operation of an internal combustion engine from the fuel composition and combustion air.
Gleichzeitig steigt durch den Anteil sauerstoffhaltiger organischer Komponenten die Oktanzahl der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung. Bei einem Anteil sauerstoffhaltiger organischer Komponenten von etwa 6 Vol.-% bis etwa 10 Vol.-% steigt die Oktanzahl weiter an. Gleichzeitig magert das Kraftstoff/LuftGemisch weiter ab. Dies führt zu einer erhöhten Betriebstemperatur des Verbrennungsmotors, so dass bei einer Erhöhung des Anteils sauerstoffhaltiger organischer Komponenten geeignete Maßnahmen getroffen werden müssen, um eine zu hohe Betriebstemperatur des Verbrennungsmotors zu vermeiden.At the same time, the proportion of oxygen-containing organic components increases the octane number of the fuel composition. With a content of oxygen-containing organic components of about 6 vol .-% to about 10 vol .-%, the octane number continues to increase. At the same time, the fuel / air mixture continues to lean. This leads to an increased operating temperature of the internal combustion engine, so that with an increase in the proportion of oxygen-containing organic components suitable measures must be taken to avoid an excessive operating temperature of the internal combustion engine.
Die sauerstoffhaltigen organischen Verbindungen können dabei Methanol, Ethanol, Ethyltertiärbutylether (ETBE), Methyltertiärbutylether (MTBE) und/oder Butanol umfassen. Es ist vorgesehen, dass der Anteil der C6- bis C9-Alkane zu Gunsten der sauerstoffhaltigen organischen Verbindungen verringert wird. Der Anteil der C6- bis C9-Alkane und der sauerstoffhaltigen organischen Verbindungen an der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung beträgt zusammen vorteilhaft etwa 30 Vol.-% bis etwa 60 Vol.-%, insbesondere etwa 40 Vol.-% bis etwa 55 Vol.-%.The oxygen-containing organic compounds may include methanol, ethanol, ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and / or butanol. It is envisaged that the proportion of C6 to C9 alkanes will be reduced in favor of the oxygen-containing organic compounds. The proportion of the C6 to C9 alkanes and the oxygen-containing organic compounds in the fuel composition is advantageously together about 30 vol .-% to about 60 vol .-%, in particular about 40 vol .-% to about 55 vol .-%.
Um Selbstzündungen des Kraftstoffs im Betrieb zu vermeiden, ist vorgesehen, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung eine Motor-Oktanzahl von mehr als 87, insbesondere von mehr als 90 aufweist. Es ist vorgesehen, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung für einen Zweitaktmotor oder für einen gemischgeschmierten Viertaktmotor geeignet ist. Vorteilhaft enthält die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Zweitaktöl zur Schmierung des Zweitaktmotors oder gemischgeschmierten Viertaktmotors. Der Anteil des Zweitaktöls beträgt dabei vorteilhaft weniger als etwa 5 Vol.-%, zweckmäßig etwa 1 Vol.-% bis etwa 3 Vol.-%, insbesondere etwa 2 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung.In order to avoid autoignition of the fuel during operation, it is provided that the fuel composition has an engine octane number of more than 87, in particular more than 90. It is envisaged that the fuel composition is suitable for a two-stroke engine or for a compound-lubricated four-stroke engine. Advantageously, the fuel composition contains two-stroke oil for lubrication of the two-stroke engine or mixture-lubricated four-stroke engine. The proportion of two-stroke oil is advantageously less than about 5 vol .-%, suitably about 1% to about 3% by volume, more preferably about 2% by volume of the fuel composition.
Vorteilhaft enthält die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Aromaten, wobei der Anteil der Aromaten vorteilhaft weniger als etwa 5 Vol.-%, insbesondere weniger als etwa 1 Vol.-% beträgt. Es ist vorgesehen, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Benzol enthält, wobei der Anteil des Benzols an der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung vorteilhaft weniger als etwa 0,2 Vol.-%, insbesondere weniger als etwa 0,1 Vol.-% beträgt. Zweckmäßig enthält die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Olefine, wobei weniger als etwa 5 Vol.-%, insbesondere weniger als etwa 1 Vol.-% Olefine in der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung enthalten sind. Es ist vorgesehen, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Naphthene enthält, wobei vorteilhaft weniger als etwa 5 Vol.-%, insbesondere weniger als etwa 1 Vol.-% Naphthene enthalten sind.Advantageously, the fuel composition contains aromatics, wherein the proportion of aromatics is advantageously less than about 5 vol .-%, in particular less than about 1 vol .-%. It is contemplated that the fuel composition contains benzene, wherein the proportion of benzene in the fuel composition is advantageously less than about 0.2% by volume, more preferably less than about 0.1% by volume. Suitably, the fuel composition contains olefins wherein less than about 5% by volume, more preferably less than about 1% by volume of olefins are included in the fuel composition. It is contemplated that the fuel composition contains naphthenes, advantageously containing less than about 5% by volume, more preferably less than about 1% by volume of naphthenes.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein Diagramm, das die Siedelinie unterschiedlicher Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen zeigt,
- Fig. 2
- das Beschleunigungsverhalten eines Verbrennungsmotors mit einer herkömmlichen Kraftstoffzusammensetzung und mit einer Kraftstoffzusammensetzung nach der Erfindung,
- Fig. 3
- das Rich Come Down-Verhalten eines Verbrennungsmotors mit einer herkömmlichen Kraftstoffzusammensetzung und mit einer Kraftstoffzusammensetzung nach der Erfindung.
- Fig. 1
- a diagram showing the boiling range of different fuel compositions,
- Fig. 2
- the acceleration behavior of an internal combustion engine with a conventional fuel composition and with a fuel composition according to the invention,
- Fig. 3
- the rich come-down behavior of an internal combustion engine with a conventional fuel composition and with a fuel composition according to the invention.
In
Die Siedelinie der neuen Kraftstoffzusammensetzung ist so ausgelegt, dass mindestens 25 Vol.-%, insbesondere mindestens 30 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen T oberhalb von 110°C verdampfen. Der Punkt der Siedelinie, bei dem 70 Vol.-% einer Probe verdampft sind, liegt bei etwa 116°C bis etwa 125°C. Mindestens 20 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung verdampfen bei Temperaturen T oberhalb von 130°C, insbesondere bei mindestens 140°C. Der Punkt der Siedelinie, bei dem 80 Vol.-% einer Probe verdampft sind, liegt bei etwa 140°C bis etwa 152°C. 10 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung verdampfen bei Temperaturen T oberhalb von 165°C. Der Punkt der Siedelinie, zu dem 90 Vol.-% einer Probe verdampft sind, liegt bei etwa 168°C bis etwa 178°C. Das Siedeende liegt bei etwa 200°C. Im niedrig siedenden Bereich ist vorgesehen, dass mindestens 20 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen T unterhalb von etwa 70°C, insbesondere bei Temperaturen T von unter 65°C verdampfen. Der Punkt der Siedelinie, zu dem 20 Vol.-% einer Probe verdampft sind, liegt bei etwa 59°C bis etwa 68°C. Der Punkt der Siedelinie, bei dem 30 Vol.-% einer Probe verdampft sind, liegt bei etwa 65°C bis etwa 85°C.The boiling range of the new fuel composition is designed so that at least 25% by volume, in particular at least 30% by volume, of the fuel composition evaporates at temperatures T above 110 ° C. The point of the boiling line, at which evaporates 70% by volume of a sample is about 116 ° C to about 125 ° C. At least 20% by volume of the fuel composition will evaporate at temperatures T above 130 ° C, especially at least 140 ° C. The boiling point point at which 80% by volume of a sample has evaporated is from about 140 ° C to about 152 ° C. 10 vol .-% of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures T above 165 ° C. The point of the boiling line to which 90% by volume of a sample has evaporated is from about 168 ° C to about 178 ° C. The boiling end is about 200 ° C. In the low-boiling range, it is provided that at least 20% by volume of the fuel composition evaporate at temperatures T below about 70 ° C., in particular at temperatures T below 65 ° C. The point of the boiling line to which 20% by volume of a sample has evaporated is from about 59 ° C to about 68 ° C. The boiling point point at which 30% by volume of a sample has evaporated is from about 65 ° C to about 85 ° C.
Um diesen Verlauf der Siedelinie zu erreichen, wird der Anteil der C10- bis C14-Alkane zu Lasten des Anteils der C6- bis C9-Alkane erhöht. Außerdem wird der Anteil der C4- bis C5-Alkane zu Lasten des Anteils der C6- bis C9-Alkane erhöht. Eine vorteilhafte Kraftstoffzusammensetzung, die eine der Kurve 3 entsprechende Siedelinie aufweist, besitzt etwa 5 Vol.-% C4-Alkane, etwa 20 Vol.-% C5-Alkane, etwa 48 Vol.-% C8-Alkane, etwa 6 Vol.-% C11-Alkane und etwa 17 Vol.-% C12-Alkane. Im Einzelnen kann der Kraftstoff etwa 4,8 Vol.-% n-Butan, etwa 19,7 Vol.-% 2-Methylbutan, etwa 32,5 Vol.-% 2,2,4-Trimethylpentan, etwa 1 Vol.-% 2,2-Dimethylhexan, etwa 1,5 Vol.-% 2,2,3-Trimethylpentan, etwa 1,4 Vol.-% 2,4-Dimethylhexan, etwa 6,2 Vol.-% 2,3,4-Trimethylpentan, etwa 3,3 Vol.-% 2,3,3-Trimethylpentan, etwa 1,5 Vol.-% 2,3-Dimethylhexan, etwa 17,2 Vol.-% C12-Iso-Paraffin sowie insgesamt etwa 6 Vol.-% unterschiedlicher Isomere von C11-Iso-Paraffin und etwa 2 % Zweitaktöl enthalten. Weitere Bestandteile, deren Anteil an der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung weniger als 1 Vol.-% beträgt, sind nicht im Einzelnen aufgeführt. Der Anteil von Aromaten, Olefinen und Naphthenen beträgt jeweils unter 1 Vol.-%. Der Anteil von Benzol beträgt unter 0,1 Vol.-%. Hier kann ein Anteil von 0,5 Vol.-% Aromaten und 0,05 Vol.-% Benzol vorgesehen sein. Der Anteil von Olefinen kann etwa 0,2 Vol.-% betragen und der Anteil von Naphthenen etwa 0,1 Vol.-%. In dieser ersten Kraftstoffzusammensetzung sind keine sauerstoffhaltigen organischen Verbindungen enthalten.To achieve this course of the boiling line, the proportion of C10 to C14 alkanes is increased at the expense of the proportion of C6 to C9 alkanes. In addition, the proportion of C4 to C5 alkanes is increased at the expense of the proportion of C6 to C9 alkanes. An advantageous fuel composition having a boiling line corresponding to
Eine zweite Kraftstoffzusammensetzung, die sauerstoffhaltige organische Verbindungen enthält, kann folgendermaßen zusammengesetzt sein: 4,0 Vol.-% n-Butan, 21,1 Vol.-% 2-Methylbutan, 38,8 Vol.-% 2,2,4-Trimethylpentan, 7,1 Vol.-% 2,3,4-Trimethylpentan, 5,2 Vol.-% 2,3,3-Trimethylpentan, 18,2 Vol.-% C12-Iso-paraffin und 5,5 Vol.-% Ethanol.A second fuel composition containing oxygen-containing organic compounds may be composed as follows: 4.0% by volume of n-butane, 21.1% by volume of 2-methylbutane, 38.8% by volume of 2,2,4- Trimethylpentane, 7.1% by volume of 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 5.2% by volume of 2,3,3-trimethylpentane, 18.2% by volume of C12 iso-paraffin and 5.5 vol. -% ethanol.
Eine dritte Kraftstoffzusammensetzung enthält ebenfalls zusätzlich sauerstoffhaltige organische Verbindungen. Der Anteil der C6- bis C9-Alkane ist entsprechend reduziert. Die dritte Kraftstoffzusammensetzung enthält 23,1 Vol.-% 2-Methylbutan, 51,3 Vol.-% 2,2,4-Trimethylpentan, 18,1 Vol.-% C12-Isoparaffin, 5,5 Vol.-% Ethanol und 2 Vol.-% Methyltertiärbutylether (MTBE).A third fuel composition also contains oxygen-containing organic compounds. The proportion of C6 to C9 alkanes is reduced accordingly. The third fuel composition contains 23.1% by volume of 2-methylbutane, 51.3% by volume of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 18.1% by volume of C12 isoparaffin, 5.5% by volume of ethanol and 2% by volume of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE).
Eine vierte Kraftstoffzusammensetzung, die keine sauerstoffhaltigen organischen Verbindungen enthält, kann 29,9 Vol.-% 2-Methylbutan, 57,3 Vol.-% 2,2,4-Trimethylpentan, 3,0 Vol.-% Isoundekan, 6,2 Vol.-% Isododekan sowie 3,6 Vol.-% p-Xylol enthalten.A fourth fuel composition containing no oxygen-containing organic compounds may be 29.9% by volume of 2-methylbutane, 57.3% by volume of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 3.0% by volume of isoundekane, 6.2 Vol .-% isododecane and 3.6 vol .-% p-xylene.
Eine fünfte Kraftstoffzusammensetzung enthält 11,2 Vol.-% 2-Methylbutan, 30,2 Vol.-% 2,2,4-Trimethylpentan, 45 Vol.-% Isodekan, 2,0 Vol.-% Zweitaktöl, beispielsweise HP Super von Fa. Stihl, 2,5 Vol.-% Ethanol, 2,0 Vol.-% MTBE, 4,8 Vol.-% p-Xylol und 2,3 Vol.-% Cyclopentan.A fifth fuel composition contains 11.2% by volume of 2-methylbutane, 30.2% by volume of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 45% by volume of isodecane, 2.0% by volume of two-cycle oil, for example, HP Super of Fa. Stihl, 2.5% by volume of ethanol, 2.0% by volume of MTBE, 4.8% by volume of p-xylene and 2.3% by volume of cyclopentane.
Die Darstellung in
Beim Verzögerungsvorgang, wenn die Drosselklappe im Ansaugkanal des Verbrennungsmotors schlagartig geschlossen wird, also dem sogenannten Rich Come Down, erfolgt eine starke Anfettung des Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisches im Verbrennungsmotor.During the deceleration process, when the throttle valve is suddenly closed in the intake passage of the internal combustion engine, so-called rich come down, there is a strong enrichment of the fuel / air mixture in the internal combustion engine.
Dies bewirkt einen sehr starken Drehzahlabfall. Bei der neuen Kraftstoffzusammensetzung ist der Drehzahlabfall weniger stark als bei herkömmlichen Sonderkraftstoffen. Dies ist in
Der erhöhte Anteil der niedrig siedenden Komponenten wie C4-und C5-Alkane verbessert außerdem das Startverhalten des Motors, so dass sich ein besseres Betriebsverhalten ergibt.The increased proportion of low-boiling components such as C4 and C5 alkanes also improves the starting behavior of the engine, resulting in a better performance.
Alle beschriebenen Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen besitzen vorteilhaft eine Motor-Oktanzahl, die größer als 87, insbesondere größer als 90 ist.All described fuel compositions advantageously have an engine octane number which is greater than 87, in particular greater than 90.
Claims (11)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Bestimmung des Destillationsverlaufes nach DIN EN ISO 3405 mindestens 25 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen (T) oberhalb von 110°C verdampfen.A fuel composition containing at least 75% by volume of C4 to C14 isoalkanes,
characterized in that in the determination of the distillation process according to DIN EN ISO 3405 at least 25 vol .-% of the fuel composition at temperatures (T) above 110 ° C evaporate.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens 30 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen (T) oberhalb von 110°C verdampfen, wobei insbesondere mindestens 20 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen (T) oberhalb von 130°C, insbesondere bei mindestens 140°C verdampfen, und wobei vorteilhaft mindestens 10 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen (T) oberhalb von 165°C verdampfen.A fuel composition according to claim 1,
characterized in that at least 30 vol .-% of the fuel composition at temperatures (T) above 110 ° C evaporate, in particular at least 20 vol .-% of the fuel composition at temperatures (T) above 130 ° C, in particular at least 140 ° C evaporate, and wherein advantageously at least 10 vol .-% of the fuel composition at temperatures (T) above 165 ° C evaporate.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens 20 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen (T) unterhalb von 70°C, insbesondere bei Temperaturen (T) unterhalb von 65°C verdampfen, wobei vorteilhaft mindestens 30 Vol.-% der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bei Temperaturen (T) unterhalb von 85°C verdampfen.A fuel composition according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that at least 20 vol .-% of the fuel composition at temperatures (T) below 70 ° C, in particular at temperatures (T) below Evaporate at 65 ° C, advantageously at least 30 vol .-% of the fuel composition at temperatures (T) below 85 ° C evaporate.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Alkananteil der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung mehr als 85 Vol.-% beträgt.A fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the alkane content of the fuel composition is more than 85% by volume.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung insbesondere bis zu etwa 97 Vol.-% C4- bis C14-Isoalkane enthält, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung etwa 7 Vol.-% bis etwa 57 Vol.-%, vorteilhaft etwa 25 Vol.-% C10- bis C14-Alkane enthält, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung vorteilhaft etwa 10 Vol.-% bis etwa 40 Vol.-% C4- und C5-Alkane enthält und dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung vorteilhaft nicht mehr als 60 Vol.-% C6- bis C9-Alkane, insbesondere etwa 30 Vol.-% bis etwa 60 Vol.-% C6- bis C9-Alkane enthält.A fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the fuel composition contains in particular up to about 97% by volume of C4 to C14 isoalkanes, that the fuel composition is about 7% to about 57% by volume, preferably about 25% by volume of C10 to C14 alkanes include that the fuel composition advantageously contains from about 10% to about 40% by volume of C4 and C5 alkanes, and that the fuel composition is advantageously not more than 60% by volume C6 to C9 alkanes, especially about 30 vol .-% to about 60 vol .-% C6 to C9 alkanes.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung bis zu etwa 20 Vol.-% sauerstoffhaltige organische Verbindungen enthält, wobei die sauerstoffhaltigen organischen Verbindungen vorteilhaft Methanol, Ethanol, Ethyltertiärbutylether (ETBE), Methyltertiärbutylether (MTBE) und/oder Butanol umfassen und wobei insbesondere der Anteil C6- bis C9-Alkane und der sauerstoffhaftigen organischen Verbindungen an der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung zusammen etwa 30 Vol.-% bis etwa 60 Vol.-% beträgt.A fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the fuel composition contains up to about 20% by volume of oxygen-containing organic compounds, the oxygen-containing organic compounds advantageously comprising methanol, ethanol, ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and / or butanol and wherein in particular the proportion C6- to C9 alkanes and the oxygenated organic compounds in the fuel composition together is about 30% to about 60% by volume.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung eine Motor-Oktanzahl von mehr als 87, insbesondere von mehr als 90 aufweist und dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung insbesondere Zweitaktöl enthält, wobei der Anteil des Zweitaktöls an der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung vorteilhaft weniger als etwa 5 Vol.-%, insbesondere etwa 2 Vol.-% beträgt.A fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the fuel composition has an engine octane rating of greater than 87, more preferably greater than 90 and in particular that the fuel composition contains two-stroke oil, wherein the proportion of the two-stroke oil in the fuel composition is advantageously less than about 5% by volume, more preferably about 2% Vol .-% is.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Aromaten enthält, wobei die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung vorteilhaft weniger als etwa 5 Vol.-%, insbesondere weniger als etwa 1 Vol.-% Aromaten enthält.A fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the fuel composition contains aromatics, wherein the fuel composition advantageously contains less than about 5% by volume, more preferably less than about 1% by volume of aromatics.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Benzol enthält, wobei die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung vorteilhaft weniger als etwa 0,2 Vol.-%, insbesondere weniger etwa als 0,1 Vol.-% Benzol enthält.A fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that the fuel composition contains benzene, wherein the fuel composition advantageously contains less than about 0.2% by volume, more preferably less than about 0.1% by volume of benzene.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Olefine enthält, wobei die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung vorteilhaft weniger als etwa 5 Vol.-%, insbesondere weniger als etwa 1 Vol.-% Olefine enthält.A fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that the fuel composition contains olefins, wherein the fuel composition advantageously contains less than about 5% by volume, more preferably less than about 1% by volume of olefins.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Naphthene enthält, wobei die Kraftstoffzusammensetzung vorteilhaft weniger als etwa 5 Vol.-%, insbesondere weniger als etwa 1 Vol.-% Napthene enthält.A fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that the fuel composition contains naphthenes, wherein the fuel composition advantageously contains less than about 5% by volume, more preferably less than about 1% by volume of naphthenes.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13005474.5A EP2700702B1 (en) | 2007-07-28 | 2008-07-03 | Isoalkane rich fuel composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007035500A DE102007035500A1 (en) | 2007-07-28 | 2007-07-28 | Fuel composition |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13005474.5A Division EP2700702B1 (en) | 2007-07-28 | 2008-07-03 | Isoalkane rich fuel composition |
EP13005474.5 Division-Into | 2013-11-22 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2031043A2 true EP2031043A2 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
EP2031043A3 EP2031043A3 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
EP2031043B1 EP2031043B1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
Family
ID=40042536
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13005474.5A Active EP2700702B1 (en) | 2007-07-28 | 2008-07-03 | Isoalkane rich fuel composition |
EP08011970.4A Active EP2031043B1 (en) | 2007-07-28 | 2008-07-03 | Fuel composition |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13005474.5A Active EP2700702B1 (en) | 2007-07-28 | 2008-07-03 | Isoalkane rich fuel composition |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8419811B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2700702B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007035500A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010014501A1 (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-02-04 | Shell Oil Company | High octane unleaded fuel compositions and methods for increasing the maximum torque output value produced burning same |
EP2700702A1 (en) | 2007-07-28 | 2014-02-26 | Andreas Stihl AG & Co. KG | Isoalkane rich fuel composition |
US9074153B2 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2015-07-07 | Shell Oil Company | Unleaded fuel compositions |
US9163189B2 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2015-10-20 | Shell Oil Company | Balanced unleaded fuel compositions |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
HUP1000005A2 (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2011-07-28 | Prowerdose Kutato | Fuel additive composition |
US9752087B1 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-09-05 | Johann Haltermann Limited | Process for preparing Tier 3 reference fuel |
FI20165785A (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2018-04-14 | Neste Oyj | Alkylaattibensiinikoostumus |
FR3119625B1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-02-17 | Totalenergies Marketing Services | Composition of fuel rich in aromatic compounds, paraffins and ether, and its use in motor vehicles |
Citations (4)
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GB465459A (en) | 1934-08-04 | 1937-05-03 | Int Hydrogenation Patents Co | Improvements in motor fuels |
FR1415911A (en) | 1963-10-18 | 1965-10-29 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Isoparaffin alkylation process |
GB1293085A (en) | 1970-03-12 | 1972-10-18 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Process for producing high-octane motor fuel |
US20060131209A1 (en) | 2004-12-21 | 2006-06-22 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Integrated alkylation process using ionic liquid catalysts |
Family Cites Families (6)
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GB1159295A (en) | 1966-09-12 | 1969-07-23 | Shell Int Research | Improvements in or relating to Two-Stroke Fuels |
US20050044778A1 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2005-03-03 | Orr William C. | Fuel compositions employing catalyst combustion structure |
US6353143B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2002-03-05 | Pennzoil-Quaker State Company | Fuel composition for gasoline powered vehicle and method |
US20060101712A1 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2006-05-18 | Burnett Don E | Small off-road engine green fuel |
WO2006083699A2 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin oligomerization and compositions therefrom |
DE102007035500A1 (en) | 2007-07-28 | 2009-01-29 | Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg | Fuel composition |
-
2007
- 2007-07-28 DE DE102007035500A patent/DE102007035500A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2008
- 2008-07-03 EP EP13005474.5A patent/EP2700702B1/en active Active
- 2008-07-03 EP EP08011970.4A patent/EP2031043B1/en active Active
- 2008-07-24 US US12/178,666 patent/US8419811B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB465459A (en) | 1934-08-04 | 1937-05-03 | Int Hydrogenation Patents Co | Improvements in motor fuels |
FR1415911A (en) | 1963-10-18 | 1965-10-29 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Isoparaffin alkylation process |
GB1293085A (en) | 1970-03-12 | 1972-10-18 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Process for producing high-octane motor fuel |
US20060131209A1 (en) | 2004-12-21 | 2006-06-22 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Integrated alkylation process using ionic liquid catalysts |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9074153B2 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2015-07-07 | Shell Oil Company | Unleaded fuel compositions |
EP2700702A1 (en) | 2007-07-28 | 2014-02-26 | Andreas Stihl AG & Co. KG | Isoalkane rich fuel composition |
WO2010014501A1 (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-02-04 | Shell Oil Company | High octane unleaded fuel compositions and methods for increasing the maximum torque output value produced burning same |
US9163189B2 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2015-10-20 | Shell Oil Company | Balanced unleaded fuel compositions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090277078A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
EP2700702A1 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
US8419811B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 |
DE102007035500A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
EP2031043B1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
EP2031043A3 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
EP2700702B1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
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