EP0121089B1 - Motor fuel - Google Patents
Motor fuel Download PDFInfo
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- EP0121089B1 EP0121089B1 EP84102024A EP84102024A EP0121089B1 EP 0121089 B1 EP0121089 B1 EP 0121089B1 EP 84102024 A EP84102024 A EP 84102024A EP 84102024 A EP84102024 A EP 84102024A EP 0121089 B1 EP0121089 B1 EP 0121089B1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- ethanol
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- water
- butanol
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
Definitions
- the invention relates to an engine fuel and a method for its production, which consists of a base fuel consisting of hydrocarbons or predominantly hydrocarbons and additions of alcohols and / or ethers and / or ketones as well as additives and optionally water and aromatics.
- ethanol In the fermentation industry, in which so-called bioethanol is obtained from natural products such as fruit, cereals, potatoes, natural products containing sugar, but also cellulose or sulfite waste liquor, ethanol, the more water, is driven off from the mash, which is often very dilute with respect to ethanol contains than the azeotrope given above.
- the stripping devices which are also referred to as burners, can work discontinuously or continuously. They often have so-called reinforcing columns at the top of the bladder. Depending on the design, the rectifying effect of these attachments results in ethanol qualities with water components of up to 25% by volume.
- Bioethanol can be obtained in burners with relatively little expenditure on equipment and energy. Since this bioalcohol also contains organic impurities, such as. B. aldehydes, ketones, acetic acid and esters, the use of this bioethanol in motor vehicles as an additive to conventional petrol fuels has not been considered feasible, and in addition the problem of complete miscibility at particularly low outside temperatures is not economical due to the high water content of the bioalcohol was held releasably.
- a typical bioethanol has e.g. B. the following data:
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a fuel which avoids the specified technical problems, meets all the requirements of the fuel standards, takes into account the availability of the additional components and can be offered to the motorist in the existing gas station distribution network without any problems.
- the object was achieved according to the invention by a new motor fuel consisting of base fuel, hydrocarbons or predominantly hydrocarbons and consisting of additions of alcohols and / or ethers and / or ketones and optionally aromatics, additional water as well as additives and compounds of the lead, characterized thereby that it contains> 0 to 10 vol.% ethanol with more than the ethanol / water azeotrope (at normal pressure) corresponding water content,> 0 to 10 vol.% butanol (s) and> 0 to 5 vol.% Methanol and / or> 0 - 15 vol .-% methyl tert-butyl ether and / or> 0 - 15 vol .-% acetone.
- the fuel according to the invention is excellently suited for the usual motor vehicle engines, can be mixed as desired with fuels already on the market, changes to the carburettors and engines and other parts that are associated with the fuel come into contact, are not necessary, all requirements of the DIN standard are met and the fuel can be made available to the driver at the existing filling stations.
- the fuel according to the invention contains from> 0 to 10% by volume of ethanol with a higher water content than the ethanol / water azeotrope, but can also contain parts of pure ethanol and / or ethanol / water azeotrope and / or ethanol or technical Contain ethanol with less water, preferably> 0 to 5 vol .-% bioethanol are used, furthermore> 0 to 5 vol .-% methanol can be contained, which can be technical, undistilled methanol or topped technical, undistilled Methanol. In the latter part of the impurities contained in technical methanol is driven off overhead.
- butanol s
- tert-butanol tert-butanol
- butanol mixtures can also be used, methyl tert-butyl ether and acetone.
- Other ethers such as e.g. B. dimethyl, diethyl, methyl tert-amyl ether and components such. B. aromatics.
- Water can also be added.
- Acetone can be added as pure or technical or bioacetone.
- the basic hydrocarbons used are preferably super gasoline or normal gasoline or mixtures thereof which comply with the fuel standards.
- the basic hydrocarbons can already contain additives or even methanol additions of> 0 to 5% by volume and / or butanols of> 0 to 10% by volume butanol (s), these being taken into account accordingly when adding bioethanol according to the invention are.
- Keropur As an additive, numerous additives that are available on the market, such as Keropur from BASF, can be used. Lead can also be added in the form of its compounds commonly used in fuels.
- the components can be mixed together by mixing a high octane hydrocarbon-based super fuel component and / or a lower octane hydrocarbon-based normal fuel component with bioethanol, methanol, butanol (s), methyl tert-butyl ether, acetone and the additives, has proven to be a preferred embodiment of mixing super fuel and / or normal fuel, which may already contain> 0-5% by volume of methanol and> 0-10% by volume of butanol (s), with a premixed component which contains bioethanol, Contains butanol (s) and / or methanol and / or methyl tert-butyl ether and / or acetone and optionally additives and lead compounds.
- a typical mixture according to the invention has e.g. B.
- This mixture was added to a mixture of 80% by volume of super fuel and 10% by volume of normal fuel, so that a mixture of 90% by volume of super / normal fuel and 10% by volume of mixture of the oxygen-containing compounds was obtained.
- This mixture was added to super fuel so that a mixture of 90% by volume of super fuel and 10% by volume of the oxygen-containing compounds was obtained
- the present invention is of great importance with regard to reducing the dependency on imported mineral oil, since it makes it possible for the first time to use fuel alcohol (bioalcohol) which can be obtained in fuels even with relatively little energy expenditure. Contrary to the prejudice of experts, the extensive investigations by the applicant have shown that the contaminants contained in this alcohol cause neither damage to motor vehicle parts nor increased environmental pollution.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Motor-Kraftstoff und ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung, der aus einem Grundkraftstoff aus Kohlenwasserstoffen oder überwiegend Kohlenwasserstoffen und Zusätzen von Alkoholen und/oder Ethern und/oder Ketonen sowie Additivs und gegebenenfalls Wasser und Aromaten besteht.The invention relates to an engine fuel and a method for its production, which consists of a base fuel consisting of hydrocarbons or predominantly hydrocarbons and additions of alcohols and / or ethers and / or ketones as well as additives and optionally water and aromatics.
Die Verwendung von Methanol und Ethanol als Zusatz zu konventionellen Kraftstoffen ist seit langem bekannt. Auch der Zusatz von Gemischen von Methanol und tert.-Butanol ist bekannt (Oil and Gas Journal, 31. Dez. 1979, S. 48).The use of methanol and ethanol as an additive to conventional fuels has long been known. The addition of mixtures of methanol and tert-butanol is also known (Oil and Gas Journal, Dec. 31, 1979, p. 48).
Die Probleme, die mit dem praktischen Gebrauch solcher Kraftstoffe verbunden sind, sind jedoch nur zum Teil gelöst, so daß die Einführung derselben in die allgemeine Fahrpraxis noch nicht möglich ist. Andererseits gewinnen aus volkswirtschaftlichen Gründen in zahlreichen Ländern alternative Kraftstoffe zunehmend an Bedeutung.However, the problems associated with the practical use of such fuels have only been partially solved, so that it cannot yet be introduced into general driving practice. On the other hand, alternative fuels are becoming increasingly important in numerous countries for economic reasons.
Probleme bestehen insbesondere noch immer bezüglich der Phasentrennung in eine Alkohol-und Kohlenwasserstoffphase, insbesondere bei tiefen Temperaturen und feuchtem Klima, obgleich hier Fortschritte erzielt wurden im Falle des Methanolzusatzes zu üblichem Kraftstoff durch gleichzeitigen Einsatz von tert.-Butanol. Butanole stehen jedoch, da sie aus C4-Schnitten von Ethylenanlagen gewonnen werden und auch dort nur dann anfallen, wenn Naphtha oder Mittelöl als Feed eingesetzt wird, nur in begrenztem Umfang zur Verfügung und zudem zu relativ hohen Kosten. Die Verfügbarkeit eines alternativen Kraftstoffes besteht daher für den Fall eines relativ großen Zumischbedarfs an Butanolen grundsätzlich in nur begrenztem Umfang.In particular, problems still exist with regard to phase separation into an alcohol and hydrocarbon phase, in particular at low temperatures and a humid climate, although progress has been made in this case in the addition of methanol to conventional fuel through the simultaneous use of tert-butanol. However, butanols are only available to a limited extent because they are obtained from C 4 cuts from ethylene plants and are only obtained there if naphtha or medium oil is used as feed, and also at relatively high costs. The availability of an alternative fuel is therefore only available to a limited extent in the event of a relatively large need to add butanols.
Weitere Probleme sind noch immer die optimale Vergasereinstellung, Zündwilligkeit, Verdichtung und Gasblasenbildung bei hohen Temperaturen. Obgleich der Einsatz von reinem Ethanol zu üblichen Kraftstoffen gegenüber Methanol zu geringeren Problemen führt, ist es bis jetzt nicht möglich, für die übliche Fahrpraxis Kraftstoffe mit Ethanolzusatz zur Verfügung zu stellen, die risikolos vom Kraftfahrer verwendet werden können und darüber hinaus die bestehenden Kraftstoff-Normen (DIN-Norm 51 600 in der Bundesrepublik) erfüllen. Insbesondere ist dies bis heute nicht bei Einsatz von nicht absolutiertem Ethanol möglich, das ca. 4,4 Gew.- % Wasser als Folge der Azeotropbildung bei der destillativen Aufarbeitung enthält und noch weniger möglich bei Ethanol, das mehr Wasser enthält als es dem Ethanol/Wasser-Azeotrop bei Normaldruck entspricht.Other problems are still the optimal carburetor setting, ignitability, compression and gas bubble formation at high temperatures. Although the use of pure ethanol leads to fewer problems than conventional fuels compared to methanol, it is not yet possible to provide fuels with added ethanol for the usual driving experience that can be used safely by the driver, as well as the existing fuel standards (DIN standard 51 600 in the Federal Republic). In particular, until today this has not been possible with the use of non-absolute ethanol, which contains approx. 4.4% by weight of water as a result of the azeotrope formation during the distillative work-up, and even less possible with ethanol, which contains more water than the ethanol / Water azeotrope at normal pressure corresponds.
Volkswirtschaftlich ist es andererseits von großem Interesse, nicht absolutiertes Ethanol, insbesondere z. B. Bioalkohol, üblichen Kraftstoffen zumischen zu können und einen leicht zugänglichen alternativen Kraftstoff auf der Basis nachwachsender heimischer Rohstoffe zur Verfügung zu haben, der allen Anforderungen genügt.Economically, on the other hand, it is of great interest to use non-absolute ethanol, especially e.g. B. Bio alcohol, conventional fuels and to have an easily accessible alternative fuel based on renewable raw materials available that meets all requirements.
Destilliert man Ethanol/Wasser-Gemische bei Normaldruck in einer Rektifizierkolonne, so erhält man bei dem Minimumsiedepunkt von 78,15° C ein Azeotrop bestehend aus 95,57 Gew.-% Ethanol und 4,43 Gew.-% Wasser.If ethanol / water mixtures are distilled at normal pressure in a rectification column, an azeotrope consisting of 95.57% by weight of ethanol and 4.43% by weight of water is obtained at the minimum boiling point of 78.15 ° C.
Im Gärungsgewerbe, in dem aus Naturprodukten wie Obst, Getreide, Kartoffeln, zuckerhaltigen Naturprodukten aber auch Zellulose oder Sulfitablaugen sog. Bioethanol gewonnen wird, treibt man aus der häufig, bezogen auf Ethanol sehr verdünnten, durch Gärung erhaltenen Maische ein Ethanol ab, das mehr Wasser enthält, als dem oben angegebenen Azeotrop entspricht. Die Abtreibvorrichtungen, die auch als Brenngeräte bezeichnet werden, können diskontinuierlich oder kontinuierlich arbeiten. Sie besitzen häufig am Kopf der Blase sogenannte Verstärkungskolonnen. Je nach Auslegung werden durch den Rektifiziereffekt dieser Aufsätze Ethanolqualitäten mit Wasseranteilen bis 25 Vol.-% erhalten.In the fermentation industry, in which so-called bioethanol is obtained from natural products such as fruit, cereals, potatoes, natural products containing sugar, but also cellulose or sulfite waste liquor, ethanol, the more water, is driven off from the mash, which is often very dilute with respect to ethanol contains than the azeotrope given above. The stripping devices, which are also referred to as burners, can work discontinuously or continuously. They often have so-called reinforcing columns at the top of the bladder. Depending on the design, the rectifying effect of these attachments results in ethanol qualities with water components of up to 25% by volume.
In Brenngeräten läßt sich unter relativ geringem apparativem Aufwand und EnergieAufwand Bioethanol erhalten. Da dieser Bioalkohol auch organische Verunreinigungen enthält, wie z. B. Aldehyde, Ketone, Essigsäure und Ester hat man bisher den Einsatz dieses Bioethanols in Kraftfahrzeugen als Zusatz zu üblichen Benzin-Kraftstoffen nicht für durchführbar gehalten, wobei zusätzlich das Problem der vollständigen Mischbarkeit bei insbesondere tiefen Außentemperaturen aufgrund des hohen Wassergehaltes des Bioalkohols nicht für wirtschaftlich lösbar gehalten wurde.Bioethanol can be obtained in burners with relatively little expenditure on equipment and energy. Since this bioalcohol also contains organic impurities, such as. B. aldehydes, ketones, acetic acid and esters, the use of this bioethanol in motor vehicles as an additive to conventional petrol fuels has not been considered feasible, and in addition the problem of complete miscibility at particularly low outside temperatures is not economical due to the high water content of the bioalcohol was held releasably.
Ein typisches Bioethanol besitzt z. B. folgende Daten:
Versuche, reines Ethanol ohne andere Komponenten, bzw. nicht absolutiertes Ethanol ohne weitere Komponenten, als Kraftstoff einzusetzen, haben insbesondere in den europäischen Ländern ebenfalls noch nicht zu einem brauchbaren Kraftstoff geführt, da einmal relativ hohe Kosten zu berücksichtigen sind und andererseits das entsprechende Verteilersystem fehlt und auch in der näheren Zukunft nicht zu erwarten ist. Zudem sind hier die Kaltstartprobleme, sicherheitstechnische Probleme, wie der relativ große Explosionsbereich in der Gasphase der Kraftstofftanks oder das Problem der Gasblasenbildung während des Fahrbetriebs bei höheren Temperaturen zu berücksichtigen. Ferner kann Ethanol in den europäischen Ländern in nur begrenzter Menge bereitgestellt werden.Attempts to use pure ethanol without other components, or non-absolute ethanol without other components, as fuel, have not yet led to a usable fuel, especially in European countries, because relatively high costs have to be taken into account and the corresponding distribution system is missing and is also not to be expected in the near future. In addition, the cold start problems, safety-related problems such as the relatively large explosion area in the gas phase of the fuel tanks or the problem of gas bubbles forming during driving are also involved higher temperatures. Furthermore, ethanol can only be supplied in limited quantities in European countries.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es daher, einen Kraftstoff zur Verfügung zu stellen, der die angegebenen technischen Probleme vermeidet, allen Anforderungen der Kraftstoff-Normen genügt, die Verfügbarkeit der Zusatzkomponenten berücksichtigt und im vorhandenen Tankstellen-Verteilungsnetz problemlos dem Kraftfahrer angeboten werden kann.The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a fuel which avoids the specified technical problems, meets all the requirements of the fuel standards, takes into account the availability of the additional components and can be offered to the motorist in the existing gas station distribution network without any problems.
Die Aufgabe wurde erfindungsgemäß durch einen neuen Motor-Kraftstoff gelöst, der aus Grundkraftstoff, aus Kohlenwasserstoffen oder überwiegend Kohlenwasserstoffen besteht und aus Zusätzen von Alkoholen und/oder Ethern und/oder Ketonen sowie gegebenenfalls Aromaten, zusätzlichem Wasser sowie Additivs und Verbindungen des Bleis, dadurch gekennzeichent, daß derselbe >0 bis 10 Vol.-% Ethanol mit mehr als dem Ethanol/Wasser-Azeotrop (bei Normaldruck) entsprechendem Wassergehalt enthält, >0 bis 10 Vol.-% Butanol (e) und >0 bis 5 Vol.-% Methanol und/oder > 0 - 15 Vol.-% Methyl-tert.-butylether und/oder > 0 - 15 Vol.-% Aceton.The object was achieved according to the invention by a new motor fuel consisting of base fuel, hydrocarbons or predominantly hydrocarbons and consisting of additions of alcohols and / or ethers and / or ketones and optionally aromatics, additional water as well as additives and compounds of the lead, characterized thereby that it contains> 0 to 10 vol.% ethanol with more than the ethanol / water azeotrope (at normal pressure) corresponding water content,> 0 to 10 vol.% butanol (s) and> 0 to 5 vol.% Methanol and / or> 0 - 15 vol .-% methyl tert-butyl ether and / or> 0 - 15 vol .-% acetone.
Durch eine Vielzahl von Labor- und motorischen Untersuchungen wurde gefunden, daß der erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoff hervorragend für die üblichen Kraftfahrzeugmotoren geeigent ist, mit bereits auf dem Markt befindlichen Kraftstoffen beliebig gemischt werden kann, Umstellungen an den Vergasern und Motoren und sonstigen Teilen, die mit dem Kraftstoff in Berührung kommen, nicht erforderlich sind, alle Anforderungen der DIN-Norm erfüllt werden und der Kraftstoff in den vorhandenen Tankstellen dem Kraftfahrer zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann.Through a large number of laboratory and engine tests, it was found that the fuel according to the invention is excellently suited for the usual motor vehicle engines, can be mixed as desired with fuels already on the market, changes to the carburettors and engines and other parts that are associated with the fuel come into contact, are not necessary, all requirements of the DIN standard are met and the fuel can be made available to the driver at the existing filling stations.
Der erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoff enthält von > 0 bis 10 Vol.-% Ethanol mit einem höheren Wassergehalt, als dem Ethanol/Wasser-Azeotrop enspricht, kann aber auch Anteile an reinem Ethanol und/oder Ethanol/Wasser-Azeotrop und/oder Ethanol bzw. technischem Ethanol mit weniger Wasser enthalten, bevorzugt werden > 0 bis 5 Vol.-% Bioethanol verwendet, ferner können > 0 bis 5 Vol.-% Methanol enthalten sein, wobei dieses technisches, nicht destilliertes Methanol sein kann, bzw. abgetopptes technisches, nicht destilliertes Methanol. Bei letzterem ist ein Teil der im technichen Methanol enthaltenen Verunreinigungen über Kopf abgetrieben. Weitere erfindungsgemäße mit Bioethanol kombinierte Zusätze sind Butanol(e), von denen tert.-Butanol bevorzugt ist, jedoch auch Butanolgemische eingesetzt werden können, Methyl-tert.-butylether und Aceton. Zugemischt sein können in gewissen Mengen auch andere Ether, wie z. B. Dimethyl-, Diethyl-, Methyl-tert.-amylether und Komponenten wie z. B. Aromaten. Auch Wasser kann zusätzlich hinzugefügt werden. Aceton kann als reines oder technisches oder Bioaceton zugemischt werden.The fuel according to the invention contains from> 0 to 10% by volume of ethanol with a higher water content than the ethanol / water azeotrope, but can also contain parts of pure ethanol and / or ethanol / water azeotrope and / or ethanol or technical Contain ethanol with less water, preferably> 0 to 5 vol .-% bioethanol are used, furthermore> 0 to 5 vol .-% methanol can be contained, which can be technical, undistilled methanol or topped technical, undistilled Methanol. In the latter part of the impurities contained in technical methanol is driven off overhead. Other additives according to the invention combined with bioethanol are butanol (s), of which tert-butanol is preferred, but butanol mixtures can also be used, methyl tert-butyl ether and acetone. Other ethers, such as e.g. B. dimethyl, diethyl, methyl tert-amyl ether and components such. B. aromatics. Water can also be added. Acetone can be added as pure or technical or bioacetone.
Gemäß Anspruch 1 kann demgemäß Bioethanol erfindungsgemäß kombiniert werden mit
- a) Butanol(en), Methanol, Methyl-tert.-butylether, Aceton
- b) Butanol(en), Methanol, Methyl-tert.-butylether
- c) Butanol(en), Methanol, Aceton
- d) Butanol(en), Methyl-tert.-butylether, Aceton
- e) Butanol(en), Methyl-tert.-butylether
- f) Butanol(en), Aceton
- g) Butanol(en)
- a) Butanol (s), methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, acetone
- b) butanol (s), methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether
- c) butanol (s), methanol, acetone
- d) butanol (s), methyl tert-butyl ether, acetone
- e) butanol (s), methyl tert-butyl ether
- f) butanol (s), acetone
- g) butanol (s)
Als Grundkohlenwasserstoffe werden bevorzugt den Kraftstoff-Normen entsprechendes Superbenzin oder Normalbenzin oder Gemische derselben verwendet. Die Grundkohlenwasserstoffe können bereits Additivierungen enthalten oder auch bereits Methanolzusätze von >0 bis 5 Vol.-% und/oder Butanole von >0 bis 10 Vol.-0/o Butanol(e), wobei diese bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Zusatz von Bioethanol entsprechend zu berücksichtigen sind.The basic hydrocarbons used are preferably super gasoline or normal gasoline or mixtures thereof which comply with the fuel standards. The basic hydrocarbons can already contain additives or even methanol additions of> 0 to 5% by volume and / or butanols of> 0 to 10% by volume butanol (s), these being taken into account accordingly when adding bioethanol according to the invention are.
Als Additivierung können zahlreiche Additivs, die auf dem Markt zur Verfügung stehen, wie Keropur der BASF verwendet werden. Ferner kann Blei in Form seiner üblicherweise in Kraftstoffen verwendeten Verbindungen zugesetzt werden.As an additive, numerous additives that are available on the market, such as Keropur from BASF, can be used. Lead can also be added in the form of its compounds commonly used in fuels.
Obgleich die Komponenten in der Weise miteinander gemischt werden können, daß man eine hochoktanige Superkraftstoffkomponente auf Kohlenwasserstoffbasis und/oder eine geringer oktanige Normalkraftstoffkomponente auf Kohlenwasserstoffbasis mit Bioethanol, Methanol, Butanol(en), Methyl-tert.-butylether, Aceton und den Additivs mischt, hat sich als bevorzugte Ausführungsform bewährt, Superkraftstoff und/oder Normalkraftstoff, die gegebenenfalls bereits > 0 - 5 Vol.-% Methanol und >0-10 Vol.-% Butanol(e) enthalten, mit einer vorgemischten Komponente zu mischen, die Bioethanol, Butanol(e) und/oder Methanol und/oder Methyl-tert.-butylether und/oder Aceton und gegebenenfalls Additive und Bleiverbindungen enthält.Although the components can be mixed together by mixing a high octane hydrocarbon-based super fuel component and / or a lower octane hydrocarbon-based normal fuel component with bioethanol, methanol, butanol (s), methyl tert-butyl ether, acetone and the additives, has proven to be a preferred embodiment of mixing super fuel and / or normal fuel, which may already contain> 0-5% by volume of methanol and> 0-10% by volume of butanol (s), with a premixed component which contains bioethanol, Contains butanol (s) and / or methanol and / or methyl tert-butyl ether and / or acetone and optionally additives and lead compounds.
Die Untersuchungen haben ergeben, daß auf diese Weise ein besonders wirkungsvolles und wirtschaftliches Mischen der Komponenten möglich ist und daß ferner bereits auf dem Markt befindliche Kraftstoffe, die bereits Methanol und/oder Butanol(e) enthalten, zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffs verwendet werden können.The investigations have shown that a particularly effective and economical mixing of the components is possible in this way and that fuels already on the market which already contain methanol and / or butanol (s) can also be used to produce the fuel according to the invention.
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer Motorkraftstoffe wird durch die folgenden Beispiele näher erläutert.The process for the production of motor fuels according to the invention is explained in more detail by the following examples.
Ein typisches erfindungsgemäßes Gemisch hat z. B. folgende Zusammensetzung:
Es wurde zu einem Superkraftstoff zugegeben, der 3 Vol: % Methanol und 2 Vol: % tert.-Butanol enthielt, wobei 2 Vol.-% des Gemischs mit 98 Vol.-% des Superkraftstoffs gemischt wurden.It was added to a super fuel containing 3% by volume of methanol and 2% by volume of tert-butanol, 2% by volume of the mixture being mixed with 98% by volume of the super fuel.
Es wurde ein Gemisch hergestellt aus folgenden Komponenten:
Dieses Gemisch wurde zu einem Superkraftstoff gegeben, der keine Methanol/Butanol-Zusätze enthielt, so daß ein Gemisch von 7 Vol.-% und 93 Vol.-% Superkraftstoff erhalten wurde.This mixture was added to a super fuel which did not contain any methanol / butanol additives, so that a mixture of 7% by volume and 93% by volume of super fuel was obtained.
Es wurde ein Gemisch hergestellt aus
Dieses Gemisch wurde zu einem Gemisch von 80 Vol.-% Superkraftstoff und 10 Vol.-% Normalkraftstoff zugesetzt, so daß ein Gemisch von 90 Vol.-% Super/Normalkraftstoff und 10 Vol.-% Gemisch der sauerstoffhaltigen verbindungen erhalten wurde.This mixture was added to a mixture of 80% by volume of super fuel and 10% by volume of normal fuel, so that a mixture of 90% by volume of super / normal fuel and 10% by volume of mixture of the oxygen-containing compounds was obtained.
Es wurde ein Gemisch hergestellt aus
Dieses Gemisch wurde zu Superkraftstoff gegeben, so daß ein Gemisch aus 90 Vol.-% Super-Kraftstoff und 10 Vol.-% der sauerstoffhaltigen Verbindungen erhalten wurdeThis mixture was added to super fuel so that a mixture of 90% by volume of super fuel and 10% by volume of the oxygen-containing compounds was obtained
92 Vol.-% Normalkraftstoff wurden mit 1,5 Vol % Ethanol (80 Gew.-%), 2,5 Vol.-% tert.-Butanol und 4 Vol.-% Methyl-tert.-butylether zu einem Kraftstoff gemischt.92% by volume of normal fuel was mixed with 1.5% by volume of ethanol (80% by weight), 2.5% by volume of tert-butanol and 4% by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether to form a fuel.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Bioethanol-Superkraftstoff hat folgende typische Kenndaten:
Es hat sich für den Fachmann überraschend gezeigt, daß mit den erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffen die Kohlenmonoxid-Emission gegenüber den üblichen Norm-Kraftstoffen deutlich gesenkt werden kann. Gleichzeitig wurde festgestellt, daß sich im unteren und mittleren Drehzahlbereich ein verbessertes Durchzugsvermögen bei gleichzeitig weicherem Motorlauf ergibt.It has surprisingly been found for the person skilled in the art that the carbon monoxide emission can be significantly reduced with the fuels according to the invention compared to the conventional standard fuels. At the same time it was found that in the lower and middle speed range there is an improved pulling power with a smoother engine running.
Die Untersuchungen der Anmelderin haben zum ersten Mal zu dem bisher unerreichten Ergebnis geführt, daß Ethanol, das einen höhere Wasseranteil besitzt als dem Ethanol/Wasser-Azeotrop bei Normaldruck entspricht, ohne daß dieses technische Ethanol einer besonderen Reinigung unterzogen werden muß, in der erfindungsgemäßen Weise üblichen Kraftstoffer zugesetzt werden kann, wobei dem Kraftfahrer neue Kraftstoffe zur Verfügung gestellt werden mit den Eigenschaften der Normgerechtigkeit, Umweltfreundlichkeit, Verfügbarkeit der Komponenten, Nutzbarkeit des vorhandenen Verteilungssystems, Nutzbarkeit in konventionellen Motoren und Kraftfahrzeugen, technisch problemlosen Herstellung und Mischung des erfinungsgemäßen Kraftstoffs, Zumischbarkeit zu allen auf dem Markt vorhandenen Norm-gerechten Kraftstoffen und einwandfreier Mischbarkeit ohne Gefahr der Phasentrennung.The investigations of the applicant have for the first time led to the previously unattainable result that ethanol, which has a higher water content than the ethanol / water azeotrope at normal pressure, without this technical ethanol having to be subjected to special cleaning, in the manner according to the invention usual fuels can be added, the driver being provided with new fuels with the properties of conformity to standards, environmental friendliness, availability of the components, usability of the existing distribution system, usability in conventional engines and motor vehicles, technically problem-free production and mixing of the fuel according to the invention, admixture everyone in the market existing standard-compliant fuels and perfect miscibility without the risk of phase separation.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist von großer Bedeutung im Hinblick auf die Verminderung der Abhängigkeit von importiertem Mineralöl, da sie es erstmalig ermöglicht, auch mit relativ geringem Energieaufwand gewinnbaren Brennalkohol (Bioalkohol) in Kraftstoffen einzusetzen. Die umfangreichen Untersuchungen der Anmelderin haben im Gegensatz zum Vorurteil der Fachwelt gezeigt, daß die in diesem Alkohol enthaltenen Verunreinigungen weder Schäden an Kraftfahrzeugteilen noch verstärkte Umweltbelastung hervorrufen.The present invention is of great importance with regard to reducing the dependency on imported mineral oil, since it makes it possible for the first time to use fuel alcohol (bioalcohol) which can be obtained in fuels even with relatively little energy expenditure. Contrary to the prejudice of experts, the extensive investigations by the applicant have shown that the contaminants contained in this alcohol cause neither damage to motor vehicle parts nor increased environmental pollution.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT84102024T ATE43625T1 (en) | 1983-03-03 | 1984-02-27 | ENGINE FUEL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3307505 | 1983-03-03 | ||
| DE3307505 | 1983-03-03 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0121089A2 EP0121089A2 (en) | 1984-10-10 |
| EP0121089A3 EP0121089A3 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
| EP0121089B1 true EP0121089B1 (en) | 1989-05-31 |
Family
ID=6192400
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84102024A Expired EP0121089B1 (en) | 1983-03-03 | 1984-02-27 | Motor fuel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0121089B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE43625T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3478465D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7014668B2 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2006-03-21 | Agrofuel Ab | Motor fuel for diesel, gas-turbine and turbojet engines |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3330165C2 (en) * | 1983-08-20 | 1985-10-03 | Union Rheinische Braunkohlen Kraftstoff AG, 5000 Köln | Engine fuel |
| IT1197464B (en) * | 1985-12-19 | 1988-11-30 | Snam Progetti | COMPOSITION FOR HIGH OCTANCY OXYGEN FUEL AND METHOD FOR ITS PREPARATION |
| WO1989005339A1 (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-06-15 | Chemical Fuels Corporation | Octane improving gasoline additives |
| GB9906214D0 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 1999-05-12 | Hamelin Holdings Limited | Surfactants |
| WO2001053436A1 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2001-07-26 | Angelica Golubkov | Motor fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines |
| US6761745B2 (en) | 2000-01-24 | 2004-07-13 | Angelica Hull | Method of reducing the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines |
| US7410514B2 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2008-08-12 | Greg Binions | Liquid fuel composition having aliphatic organic non-hydrocarbon compounds, an aromatic hydrocarbon having an aromatic content of less than 15% by volume, an oxygenate, and water |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2255371A1 (en) * | 1973-12-21 | 1975-07-18 | Basf Ag | Addn. of crude aq. methanol to IC engine fuels - allowing their lead content to be reduced |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3040062A1 (en) * | 1979-10-23 | 1981-10-08 | Leroy Pascoae R.I. Quigley jun. | Substitute gasoline mixt. for spark ignition engines - contains pref. petroleum fraction, alcohol, ether and ketone(J5 3.7.81) |
| DK148747C (en) * | 1980-06-09 | 1986-02-24 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | motor fuel |
-
1984
- 1984-02-27 DE DE8484102024T patent/DE3478465D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-27 AT AT84102024T patent/ATE43625T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-02-27 EP EP84102024A patent/EP0121089B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2255371A1 (en) * | 1973-12-21 | 1975-07-18 | Basf Ag | Addn. of crude aq. methanol to IC engine fuels - allowing their lead content to be reduced |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7014668B2 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2006-03-21 | Agrofuel Ab | Motor fuel for diesel, gas-turbine and turbojet engines |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0121089A3 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
| EP0121089A2 (en) | 1984-10-10 |
| ATE43625T1 (en) | 1989-06-15 |
| DE3478465D1 (en) | 1989-07-06 |
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