EP2030381A1 - Procede de routage de paquets de donnees dans un reseau de noeuds mobiles et terminal associe - Google Patents
Procede de routage de paquets de donnees dans un reseau de noeuds mobiles et terminal associeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2030381A1 EP2030381A1 EP07766053A EP07766053A EP2030381A1 EP 2030381 A1 EP2030381 A1 EP 2030381A1 EP 07766053 A EP07766053 A EP 07766053A EP 07766053 A EP07766053 A EP 07766053A EP 2030381 A1 EP2030381 A1 EP 2030381A1
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- intersection
- vehicle
- destination intersection
- intersections
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/34—Modification of an existing route
- H04W40/38—Modification of an existing route adapting due to varying relative distances between nodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
- H04L45/06—Deflection routing, e.g. hot-potato routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/20—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on geographic position or location
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
Definitions
- a method of routing data packets in a mobile node network and associated terminal is a method of routing data packets in a mobile node network and associated terminal.
- the invention lies in the field of ad-hoc communication networks.
- Ad-hoc networks are communication networks, using the radio medium. They consist of mobile and / or fixed nodes having the property of constituting automatically and dynamically a network capable of conveying packets from one point of the network to another when a radio communication is established between a node and his neighbors.
- packets are transmitted directly between the source node and the destination node if the destination node is in the source node's connectivity area or via neighboring intermediate nodes if the destination node is out of range of the source node.
- ad-hoc networks enable the instant deployment of communication networks without pre-existing infrastructure or centralized management.
- the formation of the network is done dynamically, the set of management tasks being distributed among all the nodes of the network.
- ad-hoc networks The main characteristic of ad-hoc networks is that the nodes belonging to this network play, or can play, the role of routers. The nodes are therefore themselves responsible for establishing and maintaining network connectivity in a continuous manner. This is achieved through the use of specific routing protocols that allow the nodes to exchange routing information between neighboring nodes and calculate communication paths to all other nodes in the network. These routing protocols emit messages periodically to update the topology of the ad-hoc network (ie to identify the nodes and the links between the nodes).
- the invention relates to a routing method for transmitting data packets between a source node and a target node belonging to an ad-hoc network formed by mobile nodes moving along the lanes of a geographical network. wherein the nodes are used as vectors to route the data packets to the target node.
- the invention finds a privileged but nonlimiting use in the vehicular ad-hoc networks commonly called VANETs ("Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks”) and in urban environments.
- IVC inter-vehicular wireless communication
- each vehicle is equipped with a short-range wireless transmission technology, enabling it to receive and transmit radio frequency signals so as to form, in cooperation with the other vehicles, a temporary communication network.
- the routing of data packets from a source vehicle to a target vehicle is provided by a routing protocol in which the data packets are successively relayed by one or more vehicle (s) moving along the paths of the vehicle. road network between the source vehicle and the target vehicle.
- Most of the existing routing protocols are based on a geographic routing that exploits local information about the explicit geographical position of the nodes of the network in order to make a decision to transfer the data packets.
- GSR Geographic Source Routing
- a source vehicle wishing to transmit a data packet to a target vehicle calculates the shortest routing path to reach that target vehicle, based on the geographical information of a road map. Note that the routing path in question is calculated in its entirety, using for example the algorithm of Jikstra.
- the source vehicle selects a sequence of intersections through which the data packet must pass in order to reach the target vehicle.
- This sequence of intersections is constituted by a set of fixed geographical points of passage of the data packet.
- a disadvantage of the GSR protocol is that, in some cases, the selection of the sequence of intersections involves roads on which there are not enough vehicles to ensure good connectivity, which has the detrimental effect of increasing the packet loss rate.
- the step of determining the routing path in its entirety to reach the target vehicle is a computationally heavy operation. This operation being carried out only at the source node, the GSR protocol does not allow to follow the revolution of a target vehicle on the move.
- a packet-carrying node always tries to relay this packet to a neighboring node that is closer to the target vehicle than the carrier node itself.
- the neighboring node Upon receipt of the data packet, the neighboring node in turn becomes a carrier node which in turn seeks to relay the packet to a neighboring node and so on.
- this relay strategy may fail in the particular case where no neighboring node of the bearer node is closer to the target node than the bearer node itself. This situation is called "local optimum" and requires a recovery solution.
- a second routing protocol called A-STAR Automated Street and Traffic Aware Routing
- GSR Global System for Mobile Communications
- these traffic data are static (for example based on statistics) and are therefore not adapted to an urban network in which road traffic is constantly changing over time.
- the existing routing protocols in the context of inter-vehicular communications do not currently take into account the spatio-temporal variations in the density of road traffic, nor the presence of multi-directional and multi-directional lanes.
- the present invention makes it possible to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above, by proposing a method for routing at least one data packet between a source node and a target node in an ad-hoc network comprising a network. plurality of mobile nodes. These nodes move along traffic lanes of a given geographical network, in which the lanes form between them a plurality of intersections. This process comprises:
- the routing method according to the invention allows a progressive routing of the data packets, by successive transfer of node in node, to the target node, each node selecting an intermediate destination intersection through which the data packets are to transit.
- we progressively trace the route of the data packets through the determined geographical network, thus making it possible to follow, almost instantaneously, the evolution of the topology of the ad hoc network in which the mobile nodes are in motion. perpetual.
- the method of the invention allows transmissions of packets over much greater distances than those permitted by existing routing protocols. Indeed, the greater the distance to be traveled between the source node and the target node, the greater the transmission time between these two nodes. The higher the transmission time, the higher the probability of changes in the topography of the ad-hoc network. Without frequent calculation of the routing path, the loss rate of packets to be transmitted to the target node quickly becomes important, as in the case of existing protocols.
- the routing method of the invention can route data packets from a source node to a target node by minimizing end-to-end delay while providing a low rate of packet loss.
- the target node can be fixed (for example, reception point in a service station) or mobile (for example, a moving vehicle).
- the routing method according to the invention is particularly suitable for ad-hoc networks in which the nodes move constantly and rapidly, the network topology changes are frequent, and the connection lifetimes of the short mobile nodes (especially in the case of multi-hop paths).
- the step of selecting a new destination intersection is executed if the node carrying the data packet is located at the selected intersection of destination, called current intersection.
- the mobile node carrying the data packets selects a destination intersection among the candidate intersections as a function of at least real-time traffic conditions on a signal path. traffic connecting the candidate intersection to the current intersection.
- the carrier mobile node selects the destination intersection among the candidate intersections as a function of the proximity of the candidate intersection to the target node.
- the carrier mobile node selects the destination intersection which is located geographically closest to the target node and to which the traffic conditions are optimal.
- each node keeps up to date at least one of the parameters belonging to the group comprising the position, the speed and the direction of movement of its neighboring neighboring nodes.
- the carrier node selects a neighboring mobile node as a function of the speed and / or the advancement position of the neighboring node towards the selected destination intersection.
- the latter determines, by an estimation calculation, the neighboring node that is closest to the destination intersection.
- the neighbor node selected by the carrier node is the one that is closest to the destination intersection and moves toward it at a higher speed.
- each node maintains up-to-date measurements relating to the position, the speed and the direction of movement of its neighboring nodes and in that the step of searching for at least one neighboring mobile node of the data packet carrying node and closer to the selected destination intersection than the bearer node, comprises a prediction step, in which, from these measurements, the current position of a node is predicted at a current time neighbour.
- T 1J represents the traffic density of moving nodes between the current intersection and the destination intersection
- D 3 represents the curvimetric distance of the routing path that links the destination intersection to the target node; ⁇ and ⁇ represent correction factors; f is a road traffic density function and is such that 0 ⁇ UCT 0 ) ⁇ 1; and
- the invention also relates to a communication terminal intended to be used by a mobile node of an ad-hoc network for routing data packets to a target node of the ad-hoc network, said ad-hoc network comprising a plurality mobile nodes moving along roads of a given geographical network, the traffic lanes forming between them a plurality of intersections.
- the terminal according to the invention comprises:
- the terminal according to the invention comprises means for selecting the destination intersection as a function of the proximity thereof to the target node.
- the terminal according to the invention comprises means for keeping up to date the position, the speed and the direction of movement of its neighboring neighboring nodes.
- the terminal according to the invention comprises means for selecting a neighboring mobile node as a function of the speed and / or the advancing position of this node towards the selected destination intersection. .
- the invention also relates to a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of mobile nodes interconnected according to an ad-hoc structure, these nodes moving along traffic lanes of a given geographical network forming between them a plurality of intersections, in which nodes equipped with a communication terminal as described above.
- a data packet to be routed to a target node will be routed progressively to it in successive node-to-node jumps on traffic lanes on which enough mobile nodes are moving in order to provide a node. adequate connectivity rate.
- the various steps of the data packet routing method described above are determined by computer program instructions.
- the invention is also directed to a computer program comprising instructions for executing the steps of the data packet routing method described above, when this program is executed by a computer.
- This program can use any programming language and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other form desirable shape.
- the invention also relates to a computer-readable recording medium on which is recorded a computer program comprising instructions for performing the steps of the method of routing data packets described above.
- the information carrier may be any entity or device capable of storing the program.
- the medium may comprise storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or a magnetic recording medium, for example a floppy disk or a disk. hard.
- the information medium may be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which may be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
- the program according to the invention can be downloaded in particular on an Internet type network.
- the information carrier may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method of routing data packets according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a road network in which vehicles of an ad-hoc network circulate
- FIG. 2 illustrates in flowchart form, an iteration of the method of routing data packets according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates in flowchart form, the steps for selecting a destination intersection, according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an example of implementation of a selection of a destination intersection, in a particular configuration of an urban inter-vehicular ad-hoc network
- FIG. 5A and 5B illustrate in time and schematically, an implementation of the data packet relay P between two successive intersections, according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B schematically illustrate an example of implementation of the recovery strategy in the presence of a local optimum, according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the invention will now be described in detail in the context of an ad-hoc inter-vehicular network intended in particular to provide services with a high degree of connectivity, such as web browsing, instant messaging, file sharing or the games in real time.
- the protocol according to the invention is also suitable for applications such as road safety or cooperative driving.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents an ad hoc network comprising a plurality of vehicles 1 to 14 moving along lanes L1, L2, L3, C1, C2 of a determined road network, a source vehicle S transmitting data packets P, and a target vehicle to which the packet P of data is intended.
- the road network 10 comprises a plurality of "horizontal" lanes Ll, L2, L3 and “vertical” C1, C2 in the plane of Figure 1, these lanes Ll, L2, L3, C1, C2 forming between them a plurality intersections II, 12, 13, 14, 15.
- traffic lanes intersecting at right angles.
- the present invention applies equally to any configuration of traffic plan comprising in particular traffic lanes forming between them any angle.
- Each vehicle of the ad-hoc network is equipped, for example, with a geographical location device such as a GPS receiver ("Global Positioning System") coupled to a location service of the GLS (Grid Location Service) type, so that each vehicle of the ad-hoc network is localizable.
- a geographical location device such as a GPS receiver ("Global Positioning System") coupled to a location service of the GLS (Grid Location Service) type, so that each vehicle of the ad-hoc network is localizable.
- the GPS receiver allows a vehicle to determine its own geographical position while the GLS service provides the instant geographic position of other vehicles and in particular that of the target vehicle C.
- each vehicle is able to determine the position of neighboring intersections that are located in its immediate vicinity, from location information in combination with pre-established road maps.
- each vehicle can be equipped with a conventional on-board navigation device, on which are recorded (pre-loaded) digital road maps relating to the road network 10.
- Each vehicle is aware of road traffic around each of these neighboring intersections. This information may be for example provided by a beacon message transmitted by each vehicle to its neighbors, periodically (for example, every second). Alternatively, road traffic sensors (not shown) installed at each intersection may inform any vehicle in the vicinity of that intersection, road traffic conditions.
- FIG. 2 illustrates, in flowchart form, an iteration of the method of routing data packets according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the source vehicle S wishes to transmit, during an initial step EO, the data packets P to the target vehicle C.
- the source vehicle S selects, during a selection step E3, a destination intersection to which the data packets P will be routed.
- This selection step E3 will be described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 3.
- the data packets P are relayed in the direction of this destination intersection, such that described in the following steps of the method.
- the source node is hereinafter referred to as the carrier node of the data packet.
- the data packets P are marked, for example in their header, by the geographical position of the selected destination intersection.
- Each vehicle of the ad hoc network maintains a table called “neighborhood table”, in which are recorded information relating to its close neighbors, such as their position, speed (amplitude) and direction of travel at a given time.
- the Updating these neighborhood tables can be done for example, by sending a beacon message issued by each vehicle to its neighbors periodically.
- a “neighbor” is a vehicle that is within the radio range range of the vehicle carrying the data packets P.
- a “near neighbor” will be considered to be a neighbor vehicle which is at a sufficiently short distance from the carrier vehicle to ensure transmission or service quality (for example by respecting a predetermined threshold signal-to-noise ratio parameter).
- the process then proceeds to a step E7 of searching for nearby neighbors.
- step E5 if the carrier vehicle is located at the destination intersection.
- the carrier vehicle is within a predefined area encompassing the destination intersection, for example a circle having as a center the destination intersection and for radius a predetermined value.
- the carrier vehicle selects, at the selection step E3, a destination intersection to which the packages P of data will be routed and the relay of P packets of data, towards this destination intersection. The process then proceeds to the search step E7.
- the neighbors of the carrier vehicle of the packets P to be relayed are searched. During this same step, it is possible to update the aforementioned neighborhood tables.
- a prediction step E9 it is estimated from the information recently recorded at a time t1 and contained in the aforementioned neighborhood tables (speed, direction of movement and position known lastly at time t1), the position at the first time. instant current t2 and posterior to tl, neighboring vehicles.
- the current position that is to say the position at the current instant t2, of the neighboring vehicles detected during the search step E7 is predicted.
- each vehicle moves at a constant speed equal to that previously detected and recorded at time tl.
- the set of steps E7 and E9 therefore aims to find at least one mobile node, neighbor 2, 3 of the carrier node 1 of the data packet P and closer to the selected destination intersection than the carrier node.
- a test step EI1 it is determined, from the positions estimated during the preceding prediction step E9, whether there is at least one neighbor vehicle to which the carrier vehicle can transfer its packets P, so that at time t2, the distance that separates it from the destination intersection is less than the distance that separates the same intersection from the carrier vehicle.
- the carrier vehicle transmits the data packets P, during a transmission step E13, thus marking the end of an iteration of the method according to the invention (step E15).
- the carrier vehicle of the packet P is sufficiently close to the destination intersection.
- an upper limit of reference travel time corresponding to a fixed time, which is compared to the travel time of the estimated carrier vehicle to reach the destination intersection. This upper limit is set so as to cause an acceptable delay depending on the quality of service required.
- this vehicle carries, during a step E19, the packet P up to the level thereof.
- An iteration of the routing method according to the invention ends when the carrier vehicle having carried the packets P arrives at the selected destination intersection. The process proceeds to step E15.
- step E15 the process starts a new iteration in step E1.
- the source vehicle S traveling on the traffic lane L2 wishes to emit a packet P for the target vehicle C traveling on the taxiway C2. For this, it is assumed that it transmits the packet P to a first vehicle 1 located at a first intersection II, the latter being the closest intersection of the source vehicle S. Obviously, it is also assumed that the first vehicle 1 is within the radio range range of the source vehicle S.
- the first vehicle 1 receives the packet P. Since the first vehicle is located at an intersection called first intersection II (positive response to the test E5), the latter selects at the same time. selection step E3, a destination intersection.
- the destination intersection selected by the first vehicle 1 is constituted by a second intersection referenced 12, since it is closer to the target vehicle C and the road traffic between the first II and second 12 intersections is dense.
- the first vehicle 1 After selecting the second intersection 12 as the destination intersection, the first vehicle 1 marks the packet P by the position of the second intersection 12. The first vehicle 1 then proceeds to transfer the packet P of data to a second vehicle 2 according to step E13.
- the first Vehicle 1 calculates the positions of the second 2 and third 3 vehicles at a later time t2 from the position and speed information relating to these two vehicles 2, 3 and contained in its neighborhood table which is kept up to date. In this example, it is assumed that the traveling speed of the third vehicle 3 is lower than that of the second vehicle 2.
- the first vehicle 1 decides to transmit its packet P to the second vehicle 2 although, depending on the information contained in the neighborhood table, the latter 2 is farther from the second intersection 12 than the third choice of vehicle 3.
- This choice is motivated by the fact that the third vehicle 3 progresses towards the second intersection 12 less rapidly than the second vehicle 2 and that, therefore, after prediction of the current positions, it is very likely that the second vehicle 2 is closer to the second intersection 12 than the third vehicle 3.
- a first iteration of the method according to the invention ends (step E15).
- the method is then reiterated for each vehicle relaying the packet P of data.
- the packet P is received by the second vehicle 2 during the initial step El which initiates a new iteration of the method described above now applying to the second vehicle 2.
- the second vehicle 2 transfers the packet P to a fourth vehicle 4 located at the second intersection 12. Being located at an intersection, the fourth vehicle 4 selects in the selection step E3 a new destination intersection (fifth intersection 15) and transfers in step E13 the packet P to a fifth vehicle 5 traveling on the taxiway C2 towards the target vehicle C.
- the fifth vehicle 5 is the only vehicle to move between the fourth 14 and fifth 15 intersections towards the latter 15. Therefore, the fifth vehicle 5 detects no nearest neighbor, which is closer to the fifth intersection 15 as the fifth vehicle 5.
- the recovery strategy according to the invention applies in accordance with the recovery phase P3 comprising the steps E17, E19 or E17, E21 already described.
- the fifth vehicle 5 carries the packet P to the level of the fifth intersection 15.
- FIG. 3 illustrates in flowchart form the steps taken to allow a vehicle carrying a data packet P to select a destination intersection.
- the carrier vehicle of the packet P arrives at an intersection, hereinafter referred to as the "current intersection" denoted by Ii.
- the vehicle determines the position of neighboring intersections located in its close vicinity. This determination step E32 is performed, for example, from the geographical information of a digital road map pre-loaded on a conventional on-board navigation apparatus, taking into account the instantaneous position of the vehicle in question and the position of the vehicle. target vehicle C.
- a calculation phase P1 is performed, so as to determine a score noted Sj described below and intended to be used to select the destination intersection to which the packet P is to be routed.
- the calculation phase P1 is repeated as many times as there are neighboring intersections detected.
- the score Sj calculated for each destination intersection Ij candidate depends in particular on two parameters: a road traffic density and a geometric distance.
- the calculation phase P1 comprises a first step E34 which consists of obtaining information relating to the existing road traffic on the taxiway connecting the current intersection Ii to a neighboring destination intersection Ij. This information is the density of road traffic in real time on this channel, thus constituting a first parameter to be taken into account in calculating the score Sj of a destination intersection Ij candidate, this parameter being noted T t] thereafter.
- the distance separating the target vehicle C from the destination intersection Ij candidate is determined.
- This distance which will be noted by the following Dj, is a second parameter to take into account to calculate the score Sj of the destination intersection Ij.
- this distance Dj is calculated from the geographical information of a digital road map pre-loaded on a conventional on-board navigation apparatus and correlated with the position information of the target vehicle C which is regularly updated. .
- a third step E38 the score Sj of the destination intersection Ij candidate is calculated.
- This score Sj comprises a first component denoted f (T u ) related to the road traffic density (T n ) and a second component denoted g (D j ). (Distance score) related to the distance (D 3 ), these two components respectively being referred to as “Traffic score” and “Distance score”.
- Ti- represents the road traffic density on the taxiway connecting the current intersection Ii to the intersection of candidate destination Ij;
- D j represents the curvimetric distance of the routing path that links the destination intersection Ij to the target vehicle C; and ⁇ and ⁇ represent correction factors, making it possible to assign a specific weight to each of the two components of the score Sj.
- the Traffic score f (T, j ) is obtained by comparing the current number X of vehicles traveling between the current intersection Ii and the destination intersection Ij, with a minimum reference number N of vehicles that would make it possible to ensure continuity transmission of data packets.
- This reference number corresponds to N vehicles of identical radio range and regularly distributed between the current intersection Ii and the destination intersection Ij, so that two successive vehicles are separated by a distance equal to twice the radius of radio range of a vehicle.
- the reference number N can be defined as follows:
- Dy represents the distance between the current intersection Ii and the destination intersection Ij;
- R represents the radio range radius of a vehicle (assumed to be identical for each vehicle);
- Int ⁇ is the function that determines the integer part of its argument.
- Different traffic score values are defined which each correspond to a traffic density level, as shown in Table 1 below. According to this table, if the number of vehicles X is between N and 2.N, the traffic score attributed is 0.6, which corresponds to a moderately high traffic density.
- the Distance score is determined by the following formula:
- the selected destination intersection is the intersection that is geographically closest to the target vehicle C and has the highest road traffic level (or density).
- FIG. 4 schematically represents a road network 10 similar to that of FIG. 1, comprising a plurality of lanes L1, L2, L3, C1, C2, C3 forming intersections I1, 110, 120, 130 between them.
- the entities represented on these traffic routes are vehicles forming an ad-hoc network and which relay the packet P of data between the source vehicle S and the target vehicle C. It is considered that the source vehicle S arriving at the level of an intersection Ii wishes to transmit to the target vehicle C, the data packet P. Equivalently, one could, of course, consider a carrier vehicle of the data packet P to relay.
- the source vehicle S must choose a routing direction of the packet P by selecting a destination intersection.
- the source vehicle S detects three intersections of destination: first, second and third intersections, respectively referenced 110, 120, 130 in FIG. instant, candidate destination intersections for routing the packet P of data.
- the source vehicle S calculates the score Sj of these three intersections, in accordance with the steps of the calculation phase P1 described above. Subsequently, we will note Sl, S2, S3 the respective score of the first, second and third destination intersections 110, 120, 130 candidates.
- the traffic conditions in this example are such that the road traffic Ti2 (shaded area in FIG. 4) on the portion of the traffic lane L2 connecting the current intersection Ii to the second destination intersection 120 is denser than the road traffic Ti3 on the portion of the taxiway C1 connecting the current intersection Ii to the third destination intersection 130, which itself is denser than the road traffic Ti2 on the portion of the track circulation
- the second destination intersection 120 is the closest destination intersection of the target vehicle C.
- the curvimetric distance D2 separating the second destination intersection 120 is smaller than the curvimetric distance D3 separating the third intersection 130 of the target vehicle C, which itself is less than the curvimetric distance D1 separating the first destination intersection 110 of the target vehicle C.
- the following relation is: D2 ⁇ D3 ⁇ D1.
- the second destination intersection 120 obtains the highest score S2 (S2> S3> S1), since it is the closest to the target vehicle C and has the highest traffic density. It is therefore towards this intersection 120 that the packet P of data will be routed through the many vehicles that move towards it 120.
- FIG. 5A represents a channel V of circulation between two consecutive intersections denoted respectively I n and I n + i at a given instant Ni.
- Figure 5B shows the same flow path V as that shown in Figure 5A, but at a later time noted N 2 (such as N 2 > Ni).
- N 2 such as N 2 > Ni.
- This new configuration is obtained by the prediction step E9 of FIG. 2, this step making it possible to estimate the current position of the vehicles traveling on this lane of traffic from the position and speed information of these registered and maintained. updated by each mobile node.
- a carrier vehicle RO of the data packet P traveling on the V-channel towards the destination intersection referenced I n + 1, wishes to relay the latter towards the destination intersection I n + i .
- the carrier vehicle RO will use vehicles moving on the track V and to the destination intersection I n + i, according to the invention.
- R1, R2, R3, R4 are located within a range of radio range of the carrier vehicle RO, this domain being referenced by K.
- the carrier vehicle RO is able to communicate with one or more of these vehicles in order to route the packet P of data to the destination intersection I n + 1.
- the carrier vehicle RO is able to communicate with one or more of these vehicles in order to route the packet P of data to the destination intersection I n + 1.
- a first and second vehicle respectively referenced by R1 and R2 move on the taxiway V in the same direction and in the same direction as the carrier vehicle RO, that is to say in the direction of the destination intersection I n + I ;
- the first vehicle R1 has a higher travel speed than the second vehicle R2;
- a third and fourth vehicles respectively referenced R3 and R4 move on the taxiway V, but in a traffic direction opposite to that of the carrier vehicle RO.
- the carrier vehicle RO transfers the packet P of data to the first vehicle
- the carrier vehicle RO would have chosen to transfer its packet P to the fourth vehicle R4 since at the instant Ni , the vehicle closest to the destination intersection I n + i is the fourth vehicle R4.
- the prediction step according to the invention takes into account the fact that the fourth R4 and third R3 vehicles move in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the carrier vehicle RO.
- the carrier vehicle RO excludes these two vehicles for the relay of the packet P.
- FIG. 6A illustrates the case where, at time Ni, the carrier vehicle RO seeking to relay its packet P finds no neighboring vehicle moving between the carrier vehicle RO and the destination intersection I n + I .
- a recovery solution according to the method according to the invention is used to prevent the packet P from being blocked.
- the carrier vehicle RO being the vehicle closest to the destination intersection I n + I.
- This solution consists of carrying the packet P by the carrier vehicle RO to the level of the destination intersection I n + i.
- This strategy can be envisaged provided that the carrier vehicle RO is not too far from this destination intersection I n + i (step E19 of FIG. 2).
- FIG. 6B illustrates the implementation of a variant of the above-mentioned overlay solution, according to which the carrier vehicle RO carries the packet P until a suitable vehicle enters its radio range domain. so that the packet P can be transferred to it.
- This variant is used in particular, in the case where the carrier vehicle RO is not sufficiently close to the destination intersection I n + I (step 21 of FIG. 2).
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Abstract
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FR0604737 | 2006-05-24 | ||
PCT/FR2007/051279 WO2007135321A1 (fr) | 2006-05-24 | 2007-05-15 | Procede de routage de paquets de donnees dans un reseau de noeuds mobiles et terminal associe |
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EP (1) | EP2030381A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4908585B2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007135321A1 (fr) |
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CN109526016A (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-26 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | 一种Ad Hoc网络虚拟骨干节点识别系统 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2007135321A1 (fr) | 2007-11-29 |
US20090274093A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
JP2009538076A (ja) | 2009-10-29 |
JP4908585B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 |
US8270347B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
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