EP2030242A1 - Halbleiterbauelement und gleichrichteranordnung - Google Patents
Halbleiterbauelement und gleichrichteranordnungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2030242A1 EP2030242A1 EP07729378A EP07729378A EP2030242A1 EP 2030242 A1 EP2030242 A1 EP 2030242A1 EP 07729378 A EP07729378 A EP 07729378A EP 07729378 A EP07729378 A EP 07729378A EP 2030242 A1 EP2030242 A1 EP 2030242A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diodes
- silicon
- hjd
- heterojunction
- semiconductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D8/00—Diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/82—Heterojunctions
- H10D62/822—Heterojunctions comprising only Group IV materials heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge heterojunctions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D8/00—Diodes
- H10D8/20—Breakdown diodes, e.g. avalanche diodes
- H10D8/25—Zener diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D8/00—Diodes
- H10D8/60—Schottky-barrier diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D10/00—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT]
- H10D10/80—Heterojunction BJTs
- H10D10/821—Vertical heterojunction BJTs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
- H10D62/8325—Silicon carbide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D8/00—Diodes
- H10D8/20—Breakdown diodes, e.g. avalanche diodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a semiconductor component according to the feature combination of claim 1 and a rectifier arrangement comprising a number of such semiconductor components.
- Rectifier AC bridges which are usually composed of at least six semiconductor diodes with a pn junction made of silicon. These silicon semiconductor diodes are designed for operation at high currents, for example at a current density of more than 500 A / cm.sup.2 and high temperatures. For example, the junction temperature can be up to 225 ° C. Typically, the voltage drop in such conventional diodes in the flow direction, ie the so-called forward voltage UF at the high currents occurring is about 1 volt. When operating in the reverse direction generally only a very small reverse current IR flows up to a breakdown voltage UZ.
- Voltage and Zener diodes with reverse voltages which are approximately in the range of 20 to 40 V depending on the vehicle electrical system voltage of the vehicle.
- the high-blocking diodes (HS diodes) must not be operated in breakdown.
- Zener diodes can also be operated in breakdown mode and, for a short time, even loaded with very high currents. They are therefore usually used to limit the overshooting generator voltage during load changes, so used in the load-dump case.
- Rectifier bridge for an alternator leads to deterioration of the efficiency of the generator, not negligible. Since an average of two diodes are always connected in series, the average forward losses for a 100 A generator are about 200 watts. The associated heating of the diodes and the rectifier must be reduced by complex cooling measures. In the DE
- HED high-efficiency diodes
- Diodes are referred to as high-efficiency diodes or high-efficiency Schottky diodes (HEDs) which, unlike conventional diodes or Schottky diodes, have no barrier lowering effect (BL effect) caused by the blocking voltage and therefore have very low reverse currents.
- BL effect barrier lowering effect
- High efficiency Schottky diodes consist of a combination of conventional Schottky diodes monolithically integrated on a semiconductor chip with other elements such as field plates, pn junctions or different barrier metals. These are often implemented in trench technology, a high-efficiency Schottky diode then contains at least some trench or trench structures.
- the trenches are typically about 1-3 microns deep and about 0.5 to 1 microns wide. With such high-efficiency Schottky diodes significantly lower forward voltages UF of about 0.5 to 0.6 volts can be realized.
- HED high-efficiency Schottky diodes
- Hetero-junction can be used in a particularly advantageous manner for the rectification of the output voltage or the output current of generators, in particular three-phase generators for vehicles.
- a heterojunction of two different Semiconductor materials may consist of a p-doped layer or a p-doped region
- Silicon germanium (Si j _ x Ge x ) and an n-doped layer or an n-doped region of silicon (Si) are formed.
- the index x designates the germanium content.
- x 0.3 corresponds to a germanium content of 30% in the silicon-germanium layer.
- Heterogeneous transitions are exploited in various components of semiconductor technology in order to achieve certain advantages.
- AIQ 2 Gag ⁇ As / GaAs As an example of such semiconductors with heterojunctions, let AIQ 2 Gag ⁇ As / GaAs.
- diodes can be achieved by means of suitable composition of the particular advantage that the forward voltage UF is smaller than in a conventional diode, which consists only of a semiconductor material which is doped differently.
- Diodes with such structures in which the pn junction or the pn junctions consist of different materials are referred to as heterojunction diodes (HJD).
- HED high-efficiency Schottky diodes
- the hetero-junction diodes are very easy to produce, since they do not have to have fine structures.
- the cost of cooling the heterojunction diodes can be reduced over the use of conventional pn diodes.
- the low temperatures of the hetero-junction diodes increase the
- Heterojunction diodes denote diodes which have a heterojunction instead of a customary pn junction made of differently doped silicon.
- a heterojunction is formed from two different semiconductor materials. For example, a hetero-junction of a p-doped layer or a p-doped region of silicon germanium (Si j _ x Ge x) and an n-doped layer and an n-doped region of silicon (Si) are formed.
- the heterojunction is designed in such a way that the forward voltage UF of the diode is smaller than the forward voltage of a comparable pn diode, in which the p and n regions consist of the same semiconductor material but are doped differently.
- UF means: forward voltage
- IF flow current
- IR reverse current
- UR blocking voltage
- the typical forward voltage UF of a conventional silicon diode with a pn junction set only by different doping is about 1 volt, it can be seen from the above equation that when replacing a conventional diode with a heterojunction diode (HJD) a forward voltage UF between 0.5 and 0.7 volts, the power loss can be reduced by 30 to 50%, provided that the barrier losses IR * UR are kept small.
- HJD heterojunction diode
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the energy band of a silicon-germanium / silicon transition (SiGe / Si transition) with a germanium content of 30% at room temperature in the equilibrium state. Silicon germanium is p-doped and silicon is n-doped. The energy distribution in electron volts is plotted
- Ec, Ev and EF denote the lower edge of the conduction band, upper edge of the valence band and Fermi energy.
- the energy barrier for electrons is denoted by ⁇ bn.
- the energy barrier ⁇ bn for electrons is about 0.79 eV, for holes is the
- the energy barrier can be influenced by the germanium content.
- a barrier as in the heterojunction illustrated in FIG. 2 is less dependent on the applied blocking voltage UR, only a small barrier lowering BL is present. Therefore, the reverse currents in hetero-transitions or in hetero-
- HJD Junction diodes
- HJD heterojunction diode
- This heterojunction diode has a flux voltage of about 650 mV at a flux density of 500 AJc ⁇ c? on.
- the so-called avalanche breakdown voltage UZ is about 22 V.
- the hetero-junction diode (HJD) consists of a, about 200 micron thick substrate 1 of n-doped silicon. Above this there is an n-doped silicon epitaxial layer 2 with a thickness of approximately 1.1 ⁇ m.
- the doping concentration is, for example 4.5 * I "cm ⁇ - ⁇ Over this layer is the silicon-germanium layer 3 mm with a germanium content of 10 to 40% of the silicon-germanium layer 3 is between 10 and 50 thick and. doped with boron at a concentration of more than 10 * "cm ⁇ ->. If higher dopings are desired, a stepped p-doping profile is advantageous. The pn junction is located within the silicon germanium region.
- Both the silicon germanium layer 3 at the top and the substrate 1 at the bottom are each provided with a metallic contact 4 and 5, respectively.
- a metallic contact 4 and 5 for example, a layer sequence of chromium, nickel and silver can be used.
- the contacts 4 and 5 form the anode and cathode of
- Heterojunction diode At the edge of the structure according to FIG. 1, structures which increase the blocking capability of the component on the chip edge (for example by means of a guard ring or field plates, etc.) are applied by conventional photolithographic processes and by diffusion. In the example of the heterojunction diode (HJD) according to FIG. 1, the edge structure is not explicitly illustrated.
- heterojunction diode In the production of the structure of a heterojunction diode (HJD) shown in FIG. 1, after the individual process steps have been carried out, the semiconductor wafer is divided in the usual way into individual diode chips. The diode chips can then be soldered, for example, in a known standardized Einpressdiodengephase and enclosed with a plastic compound.
- Such heterojunction diodes (HJD) can be mounted in the rectifier, in particular for a three-phase generator for a vehicle such as the usual pn diodes in the press-fit housing by pressing into the heat sink or bearing plates of the generator.
- the forward voltage UF and the reverse current IR can be set in the desired manner.
- the desired values for the forward voltage UF and reverse current IR are selected such that after installation in the rectifier, the properties desired for the rectifier are obtained.
- FIG. 3 shows typical dependencies of forward voltage UF and reverse current density JR for a 22 volt heterojunction diode (HJD) as a function of germanium content in the silicon germanium layer and as a function of the silicon germanium layer thickness at room temperature. It can be seen that the forward voltage UF and the blocking current density JR and thus also the reverse current IR can be adjusted by selecting the germanium content.
- HJD heterojunction diode
- heterojunction diodes HJD
- HJD heterojunction diodes
- Arrangements or structures or rectifier arrangements are also possible which, for example, have additionally integrated a further pn junction which determines the value of the breakdown voltage.
- the arrangement is such that the hetero-junction diodes used have additionally integrated further pn junctions, which then determine the value of the forward voltage.
- circuits are possible in which only the plus diodes or alternatively only the negative diodes by
- Hetero-junction diodes are replaced.
- a series connection of conventional pn diodes with heterojunction diodes is used. Although this reduces the power increase of the generator, but on the other hand, the leakage currents of the generator are lower because the reverse currents of conventional pn diodes are generally lower than the blocking currents of heterojunction diodes.
- the proportion of load-dump energy between the heterojunction diodes (HJD) and the pn diodes, which consist only of Si, can advantageously be distributed or influenced.
- hetero-junction diodes for use in rectifiers of generators, the additional structures such as Schottky junctions, pn structures and Field plates are possible. These can be configured in a planar arrangement or else with trench structures or trench structures.
- the combination of the structures described above with heterojunction diodes (HJD) are particularly suitable for use in rectifiers for generators in motor vehicles.
- heterojunction diodes materials other than SI and Ge can also be used. In particular, these are different materials from the group of III / V compounds. Then, for example, a layer of silicon (Si) and a layer, for example, instead of silicon germanium (SiGe) on a silicon-carbon (SiC) compound.
Landscapes
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006024850A DE102006024850A1 (de) | 2006-05-24 | 2006-05-24 | Halbleiterbauelement und Gleichrichteranordnung |
| PCT/EP2007/054939 WO2007135146A1 (de) | 2006-05-24 | 2007-05-22 | Halbleiterbauelement und gleichrichteranordnung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2030242A1 true EP2030242A1 (de) | 2009-03-04 |
Family
ID=38352984
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07729378A Ceased EP2030242A1 (de) | 2006-05-24 | 2007-05-22 | Halbleiterbauelement und gleichrichteranordnung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2030242A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102006024850A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2007135146A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007045184A1 (de) | 2007-09-21 | 2009-04-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Halbleitervorrichtung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| DE102010031640A1 (de) | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Energieversorgungseinheit für ein Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
| CN102569334A (zh) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | 阻变随机存储装置及系统 |
| ES2819849T3 (es) | 2017-08-09 | 2021-04-19 | Ae 111 Autarke Energie Gmbh | Componente semiconductor optoelectrónico |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5168328A (en) | 1990-07-03 | 1992-12-01 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Heterojunction impatt diode |
| GB2362263A (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-14 | Juses Chao | Amorphous and polycrystalline growth of gallium nitride-based semiconductors |
| JP3572268B2 (ja) | 2001-04-03 | 2004-09-29 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 半導体装置の作製方法 |
| US6770918B2 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2004-08-03 | Sarnoff Corporation | Electrostatic discharge protection silicon controlled rectifier (ESD-SCR) for silicon germanium technologies |
| JP2003249642A (ja) | 2002-02-22 | 2003-09-05 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | ヘテロ接合半導体素子及びその製造方法 |
| US7138668B2 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2006-11-21 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Heterojunction diode with reduced leakage current |
| JP2005303027A (ja) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-27 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 半導体装置 |
-
2006
- 2006-05-24 DE DE102006024850A patent/DE102006024850A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-05-22 EP EP07729378A patent/EP2030242A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-05-22 WO PCT/EP2007/054939 patent/WO2007135146A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2007135146A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102006024850A1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
| WO2007135146A1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
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| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20090709 |
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| REG | Reference to a national code |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| 18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 20151213 |