EP2025481A2 - Press device and method for producing laminated timber - Google Patents

Abstract

The press arrangement (10) has at least one feeder (13) for stacks (15) of wood or material, at least two pressing areas (11) and at least one operating device (17) that is independent of the feeder for pressed stacks. The pressing areas, the feeder and the operating device can be moved relative to each other.

Description

The invention relates to a press arrangement with the preamble features of claim 1 and a method for producing laminated beams according to the preamble of claim 15.

In the production of layer-glued components several wood or material lamellae are glued together first, then stacked and pressed in appropriate presses to form stable carriers. From these layer stacks or binders, large structural components can be made with complex constructions because the binders can be made in almost any length and shape. Traditionally, the binders are made of wood or wood-based materials. If the binders are made of glued laminated timber, then pre-sorted and liberated woods are used here. By connecting the wood to glued laminated timber elements, based on identical cross-sections, a load-bearing capacity of up to 80 percent can be achieved compared to solid wood. In comparison to solid wood, larger cross-sections and the production of curved beams are also possible. Compared to pure steel and prestressed concrete constructions, the glued laminated timber elements offer advantages in terms of weight and chemical resistance at a similar price.

To produce the glued laminated timber elements, the lumbers or lamellae are first subjected to a quality sorting and package formation. It can also be a wedge galvanizing of the slats are carried out in order to realize larger margins of the finished glued laminated timber elements. The slats are then glued inserted into a special press and pressed. After setting the glue, the removal of the glued laminated timber element from the press and the final planing, packaging and removal of the finished binder takes place.

Cycle time determining during the production of the binder is the processing and curing time of the glue used in each case. As adhesives are used condensation resins such as melamine or Resorcinharze, but also one- or multi-component, moisture-curing polyurethane or emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives. The liquid adhesives cure under the influence of material and humidity and / or ambient and material temperature to a high-strength, water-resistant and permanent adhesive joint. Of particular importance is the processing time, the so-called. "open time" of the adhesive, which is between 20 minutes and two hours for previously used adhesives. During this period, stacking and alignment of the slats, the introduction of the stacks into the press and the pressurization of the stacks is possible. Immediately after the processing time, the curing time follows, which is between one and seven hours. During this time, the laminated beam must remain in the press under pressure, so that the splices meet the initial strength requirements after the completion of the curing time. The ultimate strength is usually reached after several hours, with a whereabouts of the workpieces in the press is no longer mandatory. By using one-component adhesives, the set-up times are already significantly shortened and, in addition, mis-gluing due to mixing and metering errors is ruled out. In addition, modern adhesives require no temperature addition and thus enable economical production processes.

Recently, however, adhesives are offered with processing times of two to five minutes and curing times between eight and 15 minutes, which further shorten the cycle times in the production of glulam elements accordingly. In order to be able to use this cycle time reduction for production increases in the production of glulam or laminated beams, in addition to an accelerated formation of the lamella stack also a rapid loading of the press within the short processing time and the use of several, also on the shortened curing times of the adhesives tuned presses in Be caught.

The DE 102 24 793 proposes a plant for the production of glued laminated timber, in which two presses are arranged in parallel in the production line and in which the laminated wood leaving the gluing station is selectively fed to one of the two presses via a turnout device. After the pressing process, the pressed workpieces are in turn fed via a turnout device for further processing.
A disadvantage of this system is to be considered that no linear transfer of the prepared wood or material stack within the production line is possible, but always a deflection of the stack takes place, which can lead to slippage of the stack components. It will therefore require an additional alignment step before closing the press, which can be difficult to clock in the very short "open" processing time of the adhesive and leads to any accumulation of material leads to the entire wood or material stack must be discarded.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a press arrangement which overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages, enables a rapid and flexible loading of several presses with glued and aligned wood or material stacks within the processing and curing times of the adhesives used and which due to a linear conveyance of the wood or material stacks or finished pressed workpieces in the transfer direction does not necessitate a realignment of the wood or material stacks in the press room. In addition, a corresponding method should be specified.

This object is achieved by a press arrangement with the features of claim 1 and a method according to claim 15. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The press arrangement according to the invention, in particular of presses for the production of glued laminated timber or laminated beams of pressed wood or material stacks, is characterized in that at least one feeder for wood or material stacks, at least two press rooms and at least one independent of the feeder device for pressed wood or Material stacks are provided. The press rooms and / or the supply device and / or the delivery device are arranged movable relative to each other. As a result of a movable design of the arrangement elements, these can be aligned by the cycle times, depending on the specification, so that, for example, the discharge of one press room can take place while another press room is already being loaded again. Due to the adhesive parameters such as processing time ("open time") and curing time two or more presses can be arranged side by side, wherein the time interval for loading is selected so that during the entire curing time of the first press more, preferably arranged in parallel press chambers by the movable feeder can be loaded. A discharge then takes place from the first loaded press starting in the direction of the last loaded press by a likewise movable delivery device. In a further conceivable embodiment of the arrangement, only the press rooms are arranged to be movable and are each moved in front of the feeder, loaded and continued. The discharge takes place in the opposite direction by transferring the respectively to be unloaded press room before the Ausführvorrichtung. The fact that both the press rooms and the feed / Ausführvorrichtungen are relatively movable, a variety of loading / unloading configurations can be realized and thus use the possibly short processing and curing times of the adhesives used particularly efficient. This also applies to the proposed procedure.

Preferably, at least one feed device and at least one delivery device are arranged on respective opposite end faces of the press rooms. By such an arrangement, a further reduction of the cycle times is achieved because a linear transfer of the wood or material stack to be pressed through the press rooms is possible. By a corresponding arrangement and displacement of the press rooms and / or the independently movable feed or Ausführvorrichtungen thus loading and unloading of at least two press rooms can be performed simultaneously without creating conflicts between the positions of the feeding or Ausführvorrichtungen.

In order to achieve a smooth and uninterrupted promotion of wood or material stacks and to perform the loading and unloading of the press room quickly, the feeder, the press rooms and the Ausführvorrichtung preferably synchronizable conveying elements. These have, for example, corresponding connection or coupling means, so that after the alignment of the respective arrangement members, a toothing or connection of the respective conveying elements can take place automatically. The conveying elements can be identical, i. the feeder as well as press room and execution device, for example, have a roller conveyor for transporting the wood and material stacks or the pressed workpiece. However, it is also conceivable that the arrangement members have different conveying elements, which are then synchronized via corresponding controls as soon as the elements meet in the production process.

It is considered particularly recommendable if the conveying elements have a common drive. As a result, a synchronization of the conveying elements can be done very easily and quickly.

In a preferred embodiment of the press arrangement, the feeding device has at least one frame element for aligning the wood or material stacks. The frame element of the upstream of the respective press room in the production process feeding device acts on the still unoriented wood or material stacks, for example by sliding leg, by hydraulically or pneumatically acted upon pressure elements in the frame or on rollers that are arranged in or on the frame. At least one of these rollers may be additionally driven to assist in conveying the aligned logs of wood or material into the press room. It can thus take place immediately before feeding into the press room, a flush alignment of the stack components by the corresponding frame member.

Depending on the transfer line configuration and production layout, it is considered to be particularly favorable if the feeding device and the delivery device are arranged to be stationary and the press spaces to be movable. Thus, an adjustment of the upstream of the feeder or the delivery device downstream processing stations and there is a continuous linear transfer of the prepared wood or material stack and the compressed workpieces possible.

It proves to be particularly favorable if the press spaces and / or the feed device and / or the feed device can be moved freely and / or guided. The movement of the arrangement members into their respective predetermined by the processing cycle position can be carried out in the manner of a driverless transport vehicle. The respective arrangement member is integrated into a floor-bound conveyor with its own drive, is automatically controlled and guided without contact and has a control system, a device for determining location and for position detection and facilities for data transmission. The production facility then additionally has a corresponding infrastructure and the associated peripheral facilities for operating such systems.

A simpler embodiment of the arrangement provides that the movable assembly members are moved track or rail. In addition, the use of all common Lineargleit- or linear roller guideways in conjunction with corresponding linear actuators is conceivable. The control of the movement of the press rooms and / or the delivery device and / or the delivery device is preferably carried out manually or automatically via a control device. A control device can be provided centrally in the manner of a control station for one or more plants or decentralized to each arrangement member.

It is considered particularly favorable if the press rooms, the feed device and the delivery device have a central drive and the respective movement of the individual arrangement parts takes place via a corresponding drive control. It is also considered to be recommendable if the press rooms and the feed device and / or the feed device have separate drives. The drive here is any kind of linear drive conceivable. In order to ensure the most accurate positioning of the press rooms, the feeder and / or the delivery device, positioning aids, in particular variable stop wedges, are provided for the arrangement members which are provided on or in the linear guide used in each case. An adjustment of the positioning aids takes place either manually or automatically.

In order to be able to produce as accurate a production documentation as possible, the supply device and the delivery device preferably have detection means for the parameters of the wood or material stack or of the finished workpiece. These detection means may comprise, for example, a displacement sensor which receives the dimensions of the material stack conveyed into the press space and of the executed workpiece. In addition, by optical scanning techniques, e.g. The annual ring position of the lamellas and the quality of the visible surfaces are recorded in order to be able to provide information for downstream outstations before the final planing of the workpieces. Another measuring element determines the important parameter for the curing time wood and ambient moisture as well as temperature of the material stack, in order to determine the optimal pressing time based on these values. In order to evaluate the data obtained optimally and without time delays integrated into the production cycle, the press arrangement according to the invention preferably has a memory and / or evaluation unit for the determined parameters, which is for example connected directly to the control station of the system and either information to the operator or automatically controls the system or adapts it to the determined parameters.

• Fig. 1 eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Pressenanordnung in Draufsicht.
• Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Pressenanordnung 10 umfasst insgesamt drei Pressenräume 11, die bewegbar angeordnet sind. Die Pressenräume 11 sind zu einem Zentralelement der Pressenordnung 10 zusammengefasst, fest miteinander verbunden und werden zusammen bewegt. Die Bewegung der Pressenräume 11 erfolgt senkrecht zu ihrer Längsrichtung, also quer zur hier von links nach rechts verlaufenden Transferrichtung. Die Pressenräume 11 sind dabei auf Gleise 20 aufgesetzt, die die Bewegungsrichtung festlegen. Zur Bewegung der Pressenräume 11 weist die Pressenanordnung 10 der Fig. 1 einen Linearantrieb in Form eines Elektromotors 12 mit Spindeltrieb 18 auf, der aufgrund seiner Leistung in der Lage ist, die drei Pressenräume 11 zu verschieben. Durch den Spindeltrieb 18 ist ein gut beherrschbares Anfahren und Abbremsen in einem engen Toleranzbereich möglich. Die Pressenanordnung 10 umfasst auf der in Fig. 1 linken Seite zusätzlich eine ortsfest angeordnete Zuführvorrichtung 13, die Förderelemente 14, im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 einen Gurtförderer, zum Einführen der Holzstapel 15 in den jeweils an die Zuführvorrichtung 13 angekoppelten Pressenraum 11 aufweist.
• Dem Pressenraum 11 vorgelagert ist ein mit der Zuführvorrichtung 13 verbundener Rahmen 16 zur Ausrichtung der Holzstapel 15 vor dem Pressen. Die Pressenräume 11 weisen ebenfalls Förderelemente 14 zum Transfer der Holzstapel 15 in den Pressenraum 11 und zum Ausfördern der fertig verpressten Werkstücke (in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellt) zur Ausführvorrichtung 17. Die Förderelemente 14, im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 als Rollengang ausgebildet, verfügen jeweils über einen eigenen Antrieb 19, der beim Ankoppeln der Zuführvorrichtung 13 an den Pressenraum 11 mit dem entsprechenden Antrieb 19 der Förderelemente 14 der Zuführvorrichtung 13 automatisch synchronisiert wird. Die Ausführvorrichtung 17 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 auf der rechten Seite der Pressenräume 11 angeordnet, sodass hier eine Be- bzw. Entladung der Pressenräume 11 an den jeweils gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten 21a,b der Pressenräume 11 erfolgt.

Further advantages, features and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred, but not limiting embodiment of the invention with reference to the schematic and not to scale. It shows:

• Fig. 1 a preferred embodiment of the press arrangement in plan view.
• In the Fig. 1 shown press assembly 10 comprises a total of three press rooms 11, which are arranged to be movable. The press rooms 11 are combined to form a central element of the press order 10, firmly connected to each other and moved together. The movement of the press chambers 11 takes place perpendicular to its longitudinal direction, ie transversely to the here from left to right extending transfer direction. The press rooms 11 are placed on tracks 20, which determine the direction of movement. To move the press chambers 11, the press assembly 10 of the Fig. 1 a linear drive in the form of an electric motor 12 with spindle drive 18, which is due to its power in a position to move the three press rooms 11. By the spindle drive 18 a well controllable start and deceleration in a narrow tolerance range is possible. The press assembly 10 comprises on the in Fig. 1 left side additionally a stationary arranged feed device 13, the conveying elements 14, in the embodiment of Fig. 1 a belt conveyor, for introducing the wood stack 15 in each coupled to the feeder 13 press room 11 has.
• The press room 11 is preceded by a connected to the feeder 13 frame 16 for aligning the wood stack 15 before pressing. The press rooms 11 also have conveying elements 14 for transferring the wood stacks 15 into the press room 11 and for discharging the finished pressed workpieces (in FIG Fig. 1 not shown) to the Ausführvorrichtung 17. The conveying elements 14, in the embodiment of Fig. 1 designed as a roller conveyor, each have their own drive 19, which is automatically synchronized when coupling the supply device 13 to the press room 11 with the corresponding drive 19 of the conveyor elements 14 of the feeder 13. The expander 17 is in the embodiment of Fig. 1 arranged on the right side of the press rooms 11, so that there is a loading or unloading of the press rooms 11 at the respective opposite end faces 21a, b of the press rooms 11.

It is also conceivable, however, a parallel arrangement of the feed device 13 and the Ausführvorrichtung 17 on one of the end faces 21 a, b of the press rooms 11, so that the press room to be unloaded 11 is moved in each case in front of the Ausführvorrichtung 17. The press room 11 to be unloaded is spaced so far from the next press room 11 to be loaded that simultaneously with the discharge of the one press room 11, the loading of the next can take place. The delivery device 17 also has corresponding conveying elements 14, the drive 19 of which can be synchronized with the drives 19 of the conveying elements 14 of the press spaces 11 and the feeding device 13. Due to the arrangement shown supply device 13, press chambers 11 and expander 17, a wood stack 15 and a finished workpiece can be transported in the transfer direction without deflecting and / or direction change through all production stations, whereby a significant reduction in cycle times in the glue beam production goes along with Capacity increases also lead to cost savings due to better plant utilization. These advantages also apply to the specified method, which preferably uses the press arrangement described above.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

= Press arrangement

11

= Press room

12

= Electric motor

13

= Feeder

14

= Conveying elements

15

= Woodpile

16

= Frame

17

= Expander

18

= Spindle drive

19

= Drive

20

= Track

21a, b

= Front side

Claims (15)

Press arrangement (10), in particular of presses for the production of laminated beams from pressed wood or material stacks (15),
characterized in that at least one feed device (13) for wood or material stacks (15), - At least two press rooms (11) and - At least one of the feed device (13) independent delivery device (17) for pressed wood or material stacks (15) are provided, and wherein the press rooms (11) and / or the feed device (13) and / or the delivery device (17) relative are arranged movable relative to each other. Press arrangement (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that at least one feed device (13) and at least one delivery device (17) are respectively arranged on opposite end faces (21 a, 21 b) of the press spaces (11). Press arrangement (10) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the press rooms (11) are arranged in parallel. Press arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the feed device (13), the press chambers (11) and the delivery device (17) have synchronizable conveying elements (14). Press arrangement (10) according to claim 4,
characterized in that the conveying elements (14) have a common drive (19). Press arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the feeding device (13) has at least one frame element (16) for the alignment of the wood or material stacks (15). Press arrangement (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the delivery device (13) and the delivery device (17) are stationary and the press spaces (11) are arranged to be movable. Press arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the press rooms (11) and / or the feed device (13) and / or the delivery device (17) are free and / or guided, in particular, can be moved in a track-bound manner. Press arrangement (10) according to claim 8,
characterized in that the press rooms (11), the feed device (13) and / or the delivery device (17) have a manual and / or automatic control device for the movements. Press arrangement (10) according to one of claims 7 to 9,
characterized in that the press rooms (11), the feed device (13) and the delivery device (17) have a central drive (19). Press arrangement (10) according to claim 7 to 9,
characterized in that the press rooms (11) and the feed device (13) and / or the delivery device (17) have separate drives (19). Press arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that positioning aids for the press rooms (11), the feed device (13) and / or the delivery device (17), in particular variable stop wedges are provided. Press arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the feeding device (13) and the feeding device (17) comprise detecting means for the parameters of the wood or material stacks (15) and the glue binder. Press arrangement (10) according to claim 13,
characterized in that a storage and / or evaluation unit is provided for the determined parameters. Method for producing laminated beams from pressed wood or material stacks (15) which are fed along a feed direction to a press, characterized in that the wood or material stacks (15) are alternately fed to one of two or more press spaces (11) and then the press spaces (11) and / or a feed device (13) and / or a delivery device (17) are moved relative to one another transversely to the feed direction.

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