EP2024701B1 - Dryer for free-flowing material to be dried and a method for operating a dryer - Google Patents
Dryer for free-flowing material to be dried and a method for operating a dryer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2024701B1 EP2024701B1 EP07722957.3A EP07722957A EP2024701B1 EP 2024701 B1 EP2024701 B1 EP 2024701B1 EP 07722957 A EP07722957 A EP 07722957A EP 2024701 B1 EP2024701 B1 EP 2024701B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- conveyor worm
- drier according
- conveyor
- dried
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
- F26B3/092—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
- F26B3/0923—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating by mechanical means, e.g. vibrated plate, stirrer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/18—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive on or in moving dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles
- F26B11/181—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive on or in moving dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles the receptacle being a foraminous, perforated or open-structured drum or drum-like container, e.g. rotating around a substantially horizontal or vertical axis; the receptacle being multiple perforated drums, e.g. in superimposed arrangement
- F26B11/182—Arrangements for the supply or exhaust of gaseous drying medium, e.g. perforated tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/18—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive on or in moving dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles
- F26B11/181—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive on or in moving dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles the receptacle being a foraminous, perforated or open-structured drum or drum-like container, e.g. rotating around a substantially horizontal or vertical axis; the receptacle being multiple perforated drums, e.g. in superimposed arrangement
- F26B11/184—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive on or in moving dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles the receptacle being a foraminous, perforated or open-structured drum or drum-like container, e.g. rotating around a substantially horizontal or vertical axis; the receptacle being multiple perforated drums, e.g. in superimposed arrangement provided with internal means for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/18—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs
- F26B17/20—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs the axis of rotation being horizontal or slightly inclined
Definitions
- the invention relates to a dryer for pourable Trocknungsgut, with a to be traversed by the drying material conveying path with at least one rotatable screw conveyor, in which the drying material is flowed through by a gas, wherein the conveying path forming at least one rotatable screw conveyor over its full extent with a gas-permeable and well-impermeable Shell is mounted on the auger and is rotatable with the latter, wherein the screw conveyor with the jacket is arranged in a substantially gas-tight housing with at least one gas inlet and at least one gas outlet, wherein the housing in its interior in a connected to the gas inlet Gas supply and a gas outlet connected to the gas discharge is divided, wherein the gas supply and the Gasabrios Scheme radially outside the screw conveyor by two oppositely arranged in the housing separation and / or Leitwitz e are separated from each other, each abutting on its screw conveyor longitudinal edge by means of sliding seals on the outer circumference of the shell of the screw conveyor, so that the
- a dryer with the features indicated above is made FR-A-2 578 964 known.
- the gas used for drying the material to be dried flows on the inflow side only through the gas-permeable jacket of the screw conveyor into it; any means for conducting and guiding the gas are not provided on the upstream side.
- EP-B-1 110 047 For example, a method and an apparatus for drying mushy substances are known.
- This device is used to dry fiber-containing pulp, such as chemical pulp, mechanical pulp, thermomechanical pulp, TMP (Thermo Mechanical Pulp), deinked pulp or fibrous sludge, that is, from materials obtained in papermaking.
- the wet pulp is first dewatered mechanically, for example by means of a drum or screw press. Thereafter, the pulp passes through a dryer in which drying gas is blown through a sheet of the pulp to evaporate water from the pulp.
- the pulp passes through a nip-like drying space delimited by first and second cylindrical surfaces, both apertured, the pulp being forced along the first or second surface by a wing-like device in the nip-drying space becomes.
- the pulp forming the material to be dried is here of mushy consistency and fills the gap between the cylindrical surfaces during the drying process. So that the drying gas can pass through the pulp, the thickness of the layer of the pulp must not be too large; Therefore, a gap-like drying room is used here.
- a disadvantage of this known dryer the energy consumption is relatively high because the material to be dried forms a compact mass with relatively high flow resistance in the gap, so that large pressure differences must be generated. Nevertheless, the efficiency of such a drying process and dryer remains limited because the compact mass of the material to be dried in the gap space provides the drying gas flowing through only a relatively small surface, where evaporation and entrainment of moisture can take place. Due to the compactness of the material to be dried in its passage through the dryer, there is also the danger of overdrying or overheating of parts of the material to be dried, in particular the parts of the material to be dried located radially outside in the gap, where the drying gas flows in. This problem does not occur only when drying to a still relatively high residual moisture, which is sufficient for an application in papermaking, but is not sufficient for many other applications, since there often higher drying with very low residual moisture must be achieved.
- Another dryer is off CH-A-485 993 known.
- This dryer has a plurality of mutually parallel, horizontally extending augers, each auger lies in a trough-shaped tray.
- the lower area of each tub is rounded to the outer diameter of the auger and with Provided openings.
- About one or more input devices with dosing the material to be dried is fed to the screw conveyor.
- the drying material to be dried is conveyed through the dryer.
- a gas is passed from au- ⁇ en forth through the openings in the lower region of the trough-shaped trays, which flows through the drying material and this dries.
- Another dryer is off EP-A-0 165 916 known.
- a dryer is disclosed in which a screw conveyor for conveying the material to be dried is used, which is arranged above a perforated bottom. Through the bottom of a gas is passed, which flows through the drying material and this dries.
- the screw conveyor here consists of a relatively narrow helix, which is mounted radially on the outside of a tube assembly.
- the tube arrangement can be flowed through by a heat transport medium in order to additionally introduce heat as drying energy into the material to be dried in this way.
- the object is to provide a dryer of the type mentioned above, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above and which provides a reliable function with high efficiency with a simple construction and in particular improves the inflow of the gas into the screw conveyor is.
- the dryer according to the invention a particularly accurate flow control is advantageously ensured, which avoids gas and energy losses and ensures a consistently high efficiency and a consistently good, reproducible drying result.
- the gas guide contributes to a favorable for the formation of the fluidized bed in the drying material flow formation, distribution and management of the gas, which is introduced through the jacket into the screw conveyor. Disturbing and efficiency-reducing erroneous flows of the gas are thus avoided. Since the screw conveyor is arranged horizontally or inclined to the horizontal, there is a reliable and uniform promotion of the material to be dried by the screw conveyor, wherein the screw conveyor at the same time ensures a favorable forced mixing and circulation of the material to be dried. Disturbances in the Trocknungsgutierilini, as may occur, for example, in known vertical driers with gravity conveyance of the material to be dried, are avoided here safe.
- the channel is provided with holes arranged in a regular grid for the gas guided into the conveyor screw.
- the gas in particular the speed, directivity and distribution imparted to ensure a homogeneous fluidized bed.
- the channel is preferably flexible, so that it adapts well to the outer circumference of the screw conveyor or of the surrounding jacket and applies.
- the channel is preferably made of a plate or plastic film or formed from a metal sheet.
- the material of the gutter itself can also form the seals.
- the material to be dried can be taken along in the direction of rotation, depending on its Scblinigenschaften in the rotation of the screw conveyor, whereby then during the drying process, the fluidized bed occupies a position which is slightly twisted from the horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the screw conveyor.
- the channel as a whole in the circumferential direction of the screw conveyor can be rotated and fixed in desired positions.
- Another embodiment proposes that the channel in its seen in the circumferential direction of the auger extension is adjustable and can be fixed in different directions in the circumferential direction.
- the gas supply to the screw conveyor with respect to the size of the peripheral region through which the gas enters the screw conveyor can be varied and optimized for the respective application.
- the dryer is a continuous dryer with a continuously running screw conveyor. This enables a continuous drying operation, which is advantageous for many applications in continuously operating production or processing plants.
- the dryer may be a batch dryer with a feed screw running during filling and emptying of the dryer, wherein during a drying of the material to be dried the conveyor screw is stationary or rotates back and forth.
- the back and forth turning of the screw conveyor serves here to move the material to be dried during drying, without promoting it, which can be favorable for the drying process, in particular for a uniform drying of all parts of the material to be dried.
- a weighing process for determining the weight or a change in weight of the Trocknungsgutcharge is particularly simple, because there are no disturbing influences by moving dryer parts.
- Such weighing processes are also possible when the auger is running, although movements of the auger can then be disrupted, but can be sufficiently eliminated, for example, by averaging.
- the dryer is operated with identical design, either alternatively or alternately in one of two modes of operation, ie continuous drying or batch drying, whereby it can be used flexibly.
- the sheath consists of a latticed or perforated material or a woven or braided material, wherein the material is preferably metal or plastic.
- the jacket is on the one hand sufficiently permeable to the fluid which generates the fluidized bed and, on the other hand, is sufficiently impermeable to the material to be dried.
- the design of the shell and the choice of materials depend on the requirements in each case, in particular on the size of the individual particles of the material to be dried and on the temperatures to be used during the drying.
- baffles are preferred for adaptation to different drying properties provided that they are seen in the circumferential direction of the screw conveyor together and / or individually adjustable and fixed in selected positions.
- the sliding seals are expedient in the radial direction of the screw conveyor adjustable or adjustable.
- the adjustment or readjustment may e.g. if necessary by manual intervention, e.g. via adjusting screws, done or run automatically and steadily, e.g. by means of an acting on the sliding seals in the direction of the jacket and this applying against the jacket biasing force, which can be generated for example by one or more springs.
- the housing has at least one closed in the drying operation, releasable for cleaning and maintenance opening, that the screw conveyor is interchangeable and that through the at least one opening, the screw conveyor can be removed and installed.
- necessary cleaning and maintenance work can be performed easily.
- the interchangeability of the screw conveyor allows a simple and time-saving adaptation of the dryer to different drying tasks, in particular different drying goods that require different augers. If the jacket is connected to the screw conveyor, this can be replaced together with the screw conveyor in one operation. Thus, it is possible to hold for a dryer different augers or different units of auger and mantle, which then accordingly be installed in the housing of the respective drying task.
- the opening is closable by a removable or adjustable top or side hood of the housing.
- the opening can be opened and closed quickly and easily. At the same time the opening is easily accessible.
- the invention provides that the at least one gas inlet is associated with a gas conditioning or upstream.
- the gas can be optimized in its properties for the respective intended drying purpose, in particular brought to a certain temperature and / or humidity.
- the casing surrounding the conveyor screw is designed such that it is impermeable to the material to be dried. Nevertheless, however, particularly fine, dust-like particles which are contained in the drying material or which form in the dryer during drying can pass through the jacket. In order to avoid a discharge of this dust from the dryer into the environment, it is expedient to add or arrange a dust filter at least one gas outlet.
- the device according to the invention can also be used here specifically or only for the dedusting of a pourable material.
- the at least one gas inlet is a pressure fan upstream or upstream and / or that the at least one gas outlet is a suction fan or downstream.
- the blower or blowers With the blower or blowers, the gas is conveyed through the dryer.
- a pressure blower When using a pressure blower, a particularly high gas throughput is possible.
- a suction fan on the side of the gas outlet is ensured that in the interior of the housing relative to the ambient pressure during operation, a negative pressure prevails. This ensures that gas and any dust inside it can not escape into the environment, protecting the environment from potentially harmful effects of the drying gas or dust from the dryer.
- the material to be dried must be introduced into the auger from the outside.
- a first end of the screw conveyor is assigned to the environment substantially gas-tight sealed feed-in. If the pressure conditions are such that no relevant gas exchange takes place, or a certain gas exchange is not disturbing, the screw conveyor can also be designed simply open at its input.
- the feed device preferably comprises an adjustable in its capacity vibratory conveyor or adjustable in their performance input screw as metering.
- an adjustable in its capacity vibratory conveyor or adjustable in their performance input screw as metering.
- a precisely metered feeding of drying material to be dried in the screw conveyor is possible.
- the delivery rate of the input device can be changed, for example, if the type of drying material to be dried or its drying properties change.
- the feed-in device comprises a delivery pipe concentric with the feed screw in its first end, and that the first end of the feed screw is closed by an elastic annular disk sealingly surrounding the feed pipe.
- the material to be dried can get into the screw without gas from the auger to the outside or ambient air can get into the auger in disturbing extent.
- a preferred option for gas-tight design of the dispensing device is that it is formed with a lock, in particular a rotary valve.
- the good dispensing device is expediently higher than the goods input device, which facilitates, for example, the forwarding of the material to be dried to further processing facilities or the immediate packaging of the material to be dried.
- the screw conveyor has a central axis projecting on one or both sides of the end face or one or two axle stubs projecting only on the front side for screw mounting.
- the auger is expediently additionally mounted in the channel and / or on bearing rollers.
- the bearing rollers are then suitably arranged on the end remote from the projecting axle or the projecting axle stub and / or between the ends of the conveyor worm, preferably in a closed mantle end region or mantle intermediate region of the auger.
- the other end of the screw conveyor is then conveniently mounted by means of the axle or stub axle.
- this is preferably a closed shaft with an outer diameter which is small in relation to the outer diameter of the screw conveyor, so as not to hinder the desired formation of the fluidized bed of the material to be dried in the auger by the shaft or disturb.
- the screw conveyor For rotating the screw conveyor is provided that it is rotatably driven by means of at least one drive motor via a gear or Reibrad- or belt or chain transmission.
- the screw conveyor can be set reliably in rotation, wherein the rotational speed of the screw conveyor can be set to suitable values by a speed setting of the motor and thus the conveying capacity of the screw conveyor and the throughput of the dryer are adjustable in the desired manner.
- a suitable transmission ratio With a suitable transmission ratio, a relatively low drive power for the rotation of the conveyor screw and for the conveyance of the drying material in the screw is sufficient, which contributes to a low energy consumption of the dryer.
- the housing is divided into a plurality of gas-side housing sections separated, each case a separate gas flow is feasible.
- the gas streams are air streams, wherein the air can be advantageously removed from the environment and discharged into the environment after the drying process, preferably after passing through the dust filter.
- a circulation of a gas is conceivable, for example of nitrogen.
- a preferred embodiment provides that viewed in the conveying direction of the material to be dried at least a first housing portion forms a drying zone, which is traversed by a warm drying gas flow, and that at least a second housing portion forms a cooling zone, which is flowed through by a cool gas stream.
- the drying material can be dried, wherein when used the warm drying gas flow, the drying material is necessarily heated.
- the material to be dried can be cooled again in order to avoid damage caused by an excessively high temperature of the material to be dried. This also makes it possible, for example, to pack the drying material immediately after drying and after the subsequent cooling without the risk of harmful condensation forming.
- one or more temperature and / or humidity sensors are arranged in the gas feed region and / or in the gas discharge region, with which a gas temperature and / or moisture can be detected in the drying operation, and the blower (s) and / or the gas conditioning device (s) and / or a drying material input quantity and / or the screw conveyor rotational speed can be controlled or regulated in accordance with measured values detected by the sensor (s).
- a programmable electronic control unit is expediently used, which adjusts the aforementioned parameters of the drying appropriately according to the measurement signals supplied by the sensors and changed if necessary and controls the sequence and the result of the drying process and if necessary also documented.
- the dryer according to the invention can also be used as a device for other tasks in the treatment of bulk materials by means of a gaseous medium, for example, when a bulk material is to be intensively and as completely as possible brought into contact with a gas.
- a gaseous medium for example, when a bulk material is to be intensively and as completely as possible brought into contact with a gas.
- the treatment of a gas by contact with a pourable material conceivable.
- the bulk material to be dried is supplied to the screw conveyor in an amount that it only partially fills the cross section of the screw conveyor in the interior of the shell, that the gas in a lower region of the screw conveyor so is introduced through the shell in the interior of the screw conveyor, that forms a fluidized bed in the drying material and that the gas is discharged after passing through the drying material forming the fluidized bed in an upper region of the screw conveyor through the jacket.
- the high efficiency is in particular caused by the fluidized bed in the material to be dried, so that the drying process is particularly efficient, despite or just because of the only partial filling of the cross section of the screw conveyor with material to be dried.
- the bulkable material to be dried is preferably supplied to the conveyor screw in an amount such that it only fills the cross section of the conveyor screw by 30 to 60%, preferably by 40 to 50%. This ensures in any case sure that the formation of the desired fluidized bed in the drying material can be done without hindrance.
- the dryer 1 shown there has a horizontally extending screw conveyor 2, which is surrounded at its periphery by a jacket 20.
- the screw conveyor 2 has a central, in relation to the outer diameter of the screw conveyor thin axis 23, with which the screw conveyor 2 including the attached thereto shell 20 is rotatably mounted in a substantially closed housing 3.
- the jacket 20 is designed so that it is permeable to gas, but impermeable to a Trocknungsgut.
- first end portion 21 of the screw conveyor 2 projects slightly beyond the front end of the housing 3 there. At this first end region 21 of the screw conveyor 2 drying material to be dried is fed continuously and metered into the conveyor screw 2 via a feed input device 4.
- the goods input device 4 comprises, for example, an adjustable or adjustable vibratory conveyor, which introduces the feed material, which is initially poured into the input device 4, into the conveyor screw 2 via a conveyor tube 40.
- the front end of the screw conveyor 2 and the shell 20 is closed by an elastic annular disc 41 with a central opening for the delivery tube 40 here. With the delivery pipe 40, the annular disk 41 forms a simple, but here sufficient rotary seal.
- the lying outside of the housing 3 short auger and Mantelend Scheme 21 is performed well and gas tight at its periphery.
- two bearing rollers 27 are arranged in the lower region of the jacket 20 below this end region 21 of the jacket 20, on which the jacket 20 rests.
- a holding-down roller 27 'arranged above the end region 21 of the jacket 20 ensures that during operation of the dryer 1 the conveying screw 2 retains its intended position and can not escape upwards.
- a gas for example air
- a gas for example air
- the gas streams are each guided by one or more GaszuWORKS 29 so that they flow through the screw conveyor 2 with the drying material therein substantially in the transverse flow, wherein moisture contained in the Trocknungsgut is taken from the gas stream.
- the gas streams are then removed via at least one, here two gas discharge 33 and two gas outlets 34 from the dryer 1.
- the gas outlets 34 may be one or more dust filter upstream or downstream.
- blowers are e.g. designed as a pressure fan and the gas inlets 30 connected upstream or assigned. Alternatively, they are designed as a suction fan and the gas outlets 34 assigned or downstream, to generate a negative pressure in the interior of the housing 3 relative to the environment. This vacuum avoids a discharge of Staubgut from the interior of the housing 3 in the environment. It is also possible to use both types of blowers.
- the housing 3 has three housing areas, namely two first housing areas 3.1 and 3.1 'and a second housing area 3.2.
- the first two housing sections 3.1. and 3.1 ' are used to dry the material to be dried with a heated gas, such as warm air, while the second housing section 3.2 serves here for cooling the previously heated during drying drying material.
- a cool gas stream eg. B. a cooled air flow, out.
- the dried and re-cooled drying material then leaves in the second, in FIG. 1
- the screw conveyor 2 is closed, for example by the jacket 20 is gas-tight here to prevent escape of gas in this way .
- a lock such as rotary valve, integrated to avoid a gas or air passage through the Gutausgabe listening 5.
- the dried material to be dried falls down out of the good dispensing device 5 and can for example be filled directly into transport or storage containers or fed to a further conveyor line for any further processing required.
- the housing 3 of the dryer 1 is closed in order to ensure the desired gas flows.
- the housing 3 can be opened by a top-side hood 35 is pivoted or completely removed here. Through the then open top of the housing 3, the interior of the housing 3 is accessible.
- the screw conveyor 2 including its shell 20 can be replaced quickly and easily.
- the dryer 1 can be equipped with different screw conveyors 2 and different jackets 20 in order to adapt the dryer 1 to different drying tasks, in particular different dry goods.
- the dryer 1 is suitably associated with a not specifically shown in the drawing control and / or regulating device with which the operation of the dryer 1 is monitored and controlled, in particular by moisture and temperatures recorded gas temperatures, gas volumes and / or gas velocities regulated and the Conveying the donation device 4, the screw conveyor 2 and the Gutausgabe worn 5 are regulated as needed.
- FIG. 2 shows the dryer 1 in cross section through the first housing portion 3.1.
- the screw conveyor 2 In the center of the housing 3 is the screw conveyor 2 with the surrounding, rotating together with the screw 2 mantle 20.
- the Trocknungsgut 6 is shown here occupying only a less than half of the cross section Space occupied in the screw conveyor 2.
- a gas inlet 30 can be seen through which a gas, for. B. heated air, in a Gaszulite Suite 31 in the interior of the housing 3 can be introduced.
- the gas channel 31 leads, corresponding to the position of the material to be dried 6 in a lower cross-sectional part of the screw conveyor 2, to the in FIG. 2 downwardly facing peripheral region of the screw conveyor 2 and the shell 20th
- a gas guide element in the form of a perforated groove 26th arranged in this lower region of the screw conveyor 2 and the jacket 20 is directly on the outer periphery of the shell 20, a gas guide element in the form of a perforated groove 26th arranged.
- This groove 26 consists of a plate or foil made of metal or plastic with formed therein, arranged in a regular narrow grid openings.
- the channel 26 can also be used to support a storage of the screw conveyor 2, in which case the screw conveyor 2 with its jacket 20 slidably lies in the channel 26.
- the perforated channel 26 allows a passage of the gas flow from the gas supply 31 through the holes in the channel 26 and through the jacket 20 into the interior of the screw conveyor 2 and in this way through the Trocknungsgut 6 through in such a way that in the Trock Vietnamesesgut 6 forms a fluidized bed.
- the drying material 6 swirling up in the fluidized bed and partially lifting off from the inner surface of the jacket 20 because this only partially fills the cross-section of the screw 2.
- the flowing gas advantageously ensures a good contact of the channel 26 on the outer circumference of the shell 20 of the screw conveyor 2, whereby gap spaces between the channel 26 and the outer periphery of the shell 20, which could interfere with the gas flow are avoided.
- the gas supply area 31 is delimited by separation and guide walls 32.
- Shell-side edges of the separation and baffles 32 lie with the interposition of sliding seals 36 and 36 'on the outer circumference of the shell 20 in order to guide the gas flow as completely as possible through the Trocknungsgut 6.
- sliding seals 36 and 36 'end here also the two longitudinal edges of the perforated channel 26th
- the upper portion of the screw conveyor 2 is covered by the hood 35, which forms a pivotable or removable part of the housing 3.
- FIG. 3 shows the in FIG. 1 right end portion 22 of the screw conveyor 2 with the there arranged Gutausgabe Road 5.
- FIG. 3 shows the in FIG. 1 right end portion 22 of the screw conveyor 2 with the there arranged Gutausgabe disturbing 5.
- FIG. 3 shows the in FIG. 1 right end portion 22 of the screw conveyor 2 with the there arranged Gutausgabe disturbing 5.
- the central axis 23 visible.
- the dried material to be dried enters the discharge hopper 50 and falls through it by gravity downward, for example in a transport or storage container or on another conveyor line.
- FIG. 4 shows the dryer 1 in a modified version in cross-section through a first portion of the housing 3.
- the screw conveyor 2 In the center of the housing 3, the screw conveyor 2 with this surrounding, together with the screw 2 rotatable jacket 20.
- the Trocknungsgut 6 Inside the screw conveyor 2 and the shell 20 is the Trocknungsgut 6, which occupies only a less than half of the cross-section occupying space in the screw conveyor 2.
- the flowable conveyed 6 is taken in the conveying direction of the screw conveyor 2, whereby a transport of the material to be dried 6 is effected by the dryer 1.
- a gas inlet 30 can be seen through which a gas, for. B. heated air, in a Gaszulite Suite 31 in the interior of the housing 3 can be introduced.
- the gas channel 31 leads, corresponding to the position of the material to be dried 6 in a lower cross-sectional part of the screw conveyor 2, to the in FIG. 2 downwardly facing peripheral region of the screw conveyor 2 and the shell 20th
- a gas guide element in the form of a perforated channel 26 is arranged directly on the outer circumference of the jacket 20.
- This groove 26 consists of a plate or foil made of metal or plastic with formed therein, arranged in a regular narrow grid openings.
- the channel 26 can also serve to support the auger 2, wherein the auger 2 with its jacket 20 slidably lies in the channel 26.
- the perforated channel 26 allows a passage of the gas flow from the gas supply 31 through the holes in the channel 26 and through the gas-permeable jacket 20 into the interior of the screw conveyor 2 and in this way through the Trocknungsgut 6 therethrough in such a way that in Drying material 6 forms a fluidized bed. It is inside the screw conveyor 2 and the shell 20 sufficient space for alswirbelnde in the fluidized bed and partially contrasting with the inner surface of the shell 20 Trocknungsgut 6 because this only partially fills the cross section of the screw 2.
- the gas supply area 31 is delimited by separation and guide walls 32.
- Shell-side edges of the separation and baffles 32 lie with the interposition of sliding seals 36 and 36 'on the outer circumference of the shell 20 in order to guide the gas flow as completely as possible through the Trocknungsgut 6.
- the arrangement of the holes in the groove 26 may be made so that holes are present only where inside the jacket 20 drying material 6 is located, while in the two upper edge regions of the channel 26 near the walls 32 then no holes are provided.
- the upper portion of the screw conveyor 2 is covered by a hood 35, which forms a pivotable upper part of the housing 3 here.
- the hood 35 is shown in a pivoted by about 90 °, open position. For pivoting the hood 35, it only needs to be separated from a gas discharge line connected to the gas outlet 34.
- the Conveying screw 2 In the open position of the hood 35 is the Conveying screw 2 with its jacket 20 upwards and can, if necessary after disassembly of drive or coupling elements, are removed from the housing at the top without the separation and guide walls 32 and their seals 36, 36 'being removed. or dismantled.
- the screw conveyor 2 can be exchanged with the casing 20 quickly and easily, eg during wear or for adaptation of the dryer 1 to different drying goods 6 to be treated.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Trockner für schüttfähiges Trocknungsgut, mit einer vom Trocknungsgut zu durchlaufenden Förderstrecke mit mindestens einer drehbaren Förderschnecke, in der das Trocknungsgut von einem Gas durchströmbar ist, wobei die die Förderstrecke bildende mindestens eine drehbare Förderschnecke über ihren vollen Umfang mit einem gasdurchlässigen und gutundurchlässigen Mantel umgeben ist, der an der Förderschnecke angebracht und mit dieser drehbar ist, wobei die Förderschnecke mit dem Mantel in einem im Wesentlichen gasdichten Gehäuse mit wenigstens einem Gaseinlass und wenigstens einem Gasauslass angeordnet ist, wobei das Gehäuse in seinem Inneren in einen mit dem Gaseinlass verbundenen Gaszuführbereich und einen mit dem Gasauslass verbundenen Gasabführbereich unterteilt ist, wobei der Gaszuführbereich und der Gasabführbereich radial außerhalb der Förderschnecke durch zwei einander gegenüberliegend im Gehäuse angeordnete Trenn- und/oder Leitwände voneinander getrennt sind, die jeweils an ihrer der Förderschnecke zugewandten Längskante mittels Gleitdichtungen am Außenumfang des Mantels der Förderschnecke anliegen, sodass der Gaszuführbereich und der Gasabführbereich strömungsmäßig nur durch die Förderschnecke hindurch miteinander verbunden sind, wobei das Gas in einem unteren Bereich der Förderschnecke durch den Mantel in das Innere der Förderschnecke unter Ausbildung einer Wirbelschicht im Trocknungsgut einleitbar ist und wobei das Gas nach dem Durchströmen des die Wirbelschicht bildenden Trocknungsgutes in einem oberen Bereich der Förderschnecke durch deren Mantel hindurch abführbar ist.The invention relates to a dryer for pourable Trocknungsgut, with a to be traversed by the drying material conveying path with at least one rotatable screw conveyor, in which the drying material is flowed through by a gas, wherein the conveying path forming at least one rotatable screw conveyor over its full extent with a gas-permeable and well-impermeable Shell is mounted on the auger and is rotatable with the latter, wherein the screw conveyor with the jacket is arranged in a substantially gas-tight housing with at least one gas inlet and at least one gas outlet, wherein the housing in its interior in a connected to the gas inlet Gas supply and a gas outlet connected to the gas discharge is divided, wherein the gas supply and the Gasabführbereich radially outside the screw conveyor by two oppositely arranged in the housing separation and / or Leitwänd e are separated from each other, each abutting on its screw conveyor longitudinal edge by means of sliding seals on the outer circumference of the shell of the screw conveyor, so that the gas supply and the Gasabführbereich are fluidly interconnected only by the screw conveyor, wherein the gas in a lower region of the screw through the Jacket in the interior of the screw conveyor to form a fluidized bed in the drying material can be introduced and wherein the gas after passing through the drying material forming the fluidized bed in an upper region of the screw conveyor can be discharged through the shell.
Ein Trockner mit den vorstehend angegebenen Merkmalen ist aus
Aus
Nachteilig ist bei diesem bekannten Trockner der Energieaufwand relativ hoch, weil das Trocknungsgut im Spaltraum eine kompakte Masse mit relativ hohem Durchströmungswiderstand bildet, so dass große Druckdifferenzen erzeugt werden müssen. Trotzdem bleibt der Wirkungsgrad eines solchen Trocknungsverfahrens und Trockners begrenzt, weil die kompakte Masse des Trocknungsgutes im Spaltraum dem durchströmenden Trocknungsgas nur eine relativ kleine Oberfläche bietet, wo eine Verdampfung und Mitnahme von Feuchtigkeit erfolgen kann. Aufgrund der Kompaktheit des Trocknungsgutes bei seinem Durchlauf durch den Trockner besteht zudem die Gefahr einer Übertrocknung oder Überhitzung von Teilen des Trocknungsgutes, insbesondere der radial außen im Spaltraum befindlichen Teile des Trocknungsgutes, wo das Trocknungsgas einströmt. Dieses Problem tritt nur dann nicht auf, wenn eine Trocknung auf eine noch relativ hohe Restfeuchte erfolgt, was für eine Anwendung in der Papierherstellung ausreichend ist, aber für viele andere Anwendungen nicht genügt, da dort häufig höhere Trocknungsgrade mit sehr geringen Restfeuchten erzielt werden müssen.A disadvantage of this known dryer, the energy consumption is relatively high because the material to be dried forms a compact mass with relatively high flow resistance in the gap, so that large pressure differences must be generated. Nevertheless, the efficiency of such a drying process and dryer remains limited because the compact mass of the material to be dried in the gap space provides the drying gas flowing through only a relatively small surface, where evaporation and entrainment of moisture can take place. Due to the compactness of the material to be dried in its passage through the dryer, there is also the danger of overdrying or overheating of parts of the material to be dried, in particular the parts of the material to be dried located radially outside in the gap, where the drying gas flows in. This problem does not occur only when drying to a still relatively high residual moisture, which is sufficient for an application in papermaking, but is not sufficient for many other applications, since there often higher drying with very low residual moisture must be achieved.
Ein weiterer Trockner ist aus
Ein weiterer Trockner ist aus
Nachteilig ist bei beiden zuletzt beschriebenen bekannten Trocknern, dass eine relativ große Gefahr besteht, dass in unerwünschter Weise Teile des Trocknungsgutes von dem Gasstrom mitgenommen und durch den Gasauslass mitgeführt werden, was insbesondere bei leichtem Trocknungsgut zu Problemen führt. Um dies zu vermeiden, muss die Gasgeschwindigkeit auf relativ niedrige Werte begrenzt werden, was einem guten Wirkungsgrad des Trockners jedoch abträglich ist. Bei dem dritten vorbekannten Trockner ist zudem nachteilig, dass die Förderschnecke aufwendig ist, weil sie abdichtende Drehdurchführungen für die Zu- und Abführung des Wärmetransportmediums benötigt. Diese Drehdurchführungen sind Verschleißteile, die regelmäßig gewartet oder ausgetauscht werden müssen und zu erhöhten Kosten führen.A disadvantage of both known dryers last described that there is a relatively high risk that undesirably parts of the material to be dried are taken from the gas stream and entrained by the gas outlet, which leads to problems especially with light drying. To avoid this, the gas velocity must be limited to relatively low values, which, however, is detrimental to a good efficiency of the dryer. In the third prior art dryer is also disadvantageous that the auger is expensive because it requires sealing rotary unions for the supply and discharge of the heat transfer medium. These rotary unions are wear parts that are regularly maintained or have to be exchanged and lead to increased costs.
Für die vorliegende Erfindung stellt sich deshalb die Aufgabe, einen Trockner der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, der die vorstehend genannten Nachteile vermeidet und der bei einer einfachen Konstruktion eine zuverlässige Funktion mit hohem Wirkungsgrad bietet und bei dem insbesondere die Zuströmung des Gases in die Förderschnecke verbessert ist.For the present invention, therefore, the object is to provide a dryer of the type mentioned above, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above and which provides a reliable function with high efficiency with a simple construction and in particular improves the inflow of the gas into the screw conveyor is.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt erfindungsgemäß mit einem Trockner der eingangs genannten Art, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist,
- dass im Betrieb des Trockners das schüttfähige Trocknungsgut den Querschnitt der Förderschnecke innerhalb des Mantels nur zum Teil ausfüllt,
- dass innerhalb des Gehäuses in dem Gaszuführbereich zumindest in einem Umfangsbereich der Förderschnecke, in dem das Gas in die Förderschnecke eintritt, parallel zum Mantel der Förderschnecke ein an den Mantel formangepasstes, am Außenumfang des Mantels anliegendes, nichtdrehendes Gasleitelement in Form einer mit Durchbrechungen versehenen Rinne angeordnet ist, die an ihren in Umfangsrichtung der Förderschnecke voneinander beabstandeten Längskanten mittels Gleitdichtungen am Außenumfang des Mantels der Förderschnecke anliegt,
- dass jeweils die eine Längskante der Rinne und die dieser benachbarte Längskante der einen Leit- und Trennwand sowie die andere Längskante der Rinne und die dieser benachbarte Längskante der anderen Leit- und Trennwand unmittelbar nebeneinander angeordnet oder miteinander verbunden sind und mit je einer gemeinsamen Gleitdichtung versehen sind und
- dass die Förderschnecke horizontal oder zur Horizontalen geneigt angeordnet ist, wobei bei geneigter Anordnung der Winkel zur Horizontalen höchstens 45° beträgt.
- that during operation of the dryer, the pourable material to be dried only partially fills the cross-section of the conveyor screw within the casing,
- that within the housing in the Gaszuführbereich arranged at least in a peripheral region of the screw conveyor, in which the gas enters the screw conveyor, parallel to the shell of the screw conveyor to the mantle formangepasstes, applied to the outer periphery of the shell, non-rotating gas guide element in the form of a perforated groove provided with openings is, which rests at its circumferentially spaced apart from the conveyor screw longitudinal edges by means of sliding seals on the outer circumference of the shell of the screw conveyor,
- that in each case one longitudinal edge of the channel and the adjacent longitudinal edge of a guide and partition wall and the other longitudinal edge of the channel and the adjacent longitudinal edge of the other guide and partition wall are arranged directly adjacent or interconnected and are each provided with a common sliding seal and
- that the screw conveyor is arranged horizontally or inclined to the horizontal, wherein in an inclined arrangement the angle to the horizontal is at most 45 °.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Trockner wird vorteilhaft eine besonders exakte Strömungsführung gewährleistet, die Gas- und Energieverluste vermeidet und für einen gleichbleibend hohen Wirkungsgrad und ein konstant gutes, reproduzierbares Trocknungsergebnis sorgt. Das Gasleitelement trägt zu einer für die Ausbildung der Wirbelschicht im Trocknungsgut günstigen Strömungsausbildung, -verteilung und -führung des Gases bei, das durch den Mantel in die Förderschnecke eingeleitet wird. Störende und den Wirkungsgrad vermindernde Fehlströmungen des Gases werden so vermieden. Da die Förderschnecke horizontal oder zur Horizontalen geneigt angeordnet ist, ergibt sich eine zuverlässige und gleichmäßige Förderung des Trocknungsgutes durch die Förderschnecke, wobei die Förderschnecke gleichzeitig für eine günstige Zwangsdurchmischung und -umwälzung des Trocknungsgutes sorgt. Störungen in der Trocknungsgutförderung, wie sie beispielsweise in an sich bekannten vertikalen Trocknern mit Schwerkraftförderung des Trocknungsgutes auftreten können, werden hier sicher vermieden.With the dryer according to the invention a particularly accurate flow control is advantageously ensured, which avoids gas and energy losses and ensures a consistently high efficiency and a consistently good, reproducible drying result. The gas guide contributes to a favorable for the formation of the fluidized bed in the drying material flow formation, distribution and management of the gas, which is introduced through the jacket into the screw conveyor. Disturbing and efficiency-reducing erroneous flows of the gas are thus avoided. Since the screw conveyor is arranged horizontally or inclined to the horizontal, there is a reliable and uniform promotion of the material to be dried by the screw conveyor, wherein the screw conveyor at the same time ensures a favorable forced mixing and circulation of the material to be dried. Disturbances in the Trocknungsgutförderung, as may occur, for example, in known vertical driers with gravity conveyance of the material to be dried, are avoided here safe.
Bevorzugt ist die Rinne mit in einem regelmäßigen Raster angeordneten Löchern für das in die Förderschnecke geleitete Gas versehen. Auf diese Weise wird dem Gas insbesondere die Geschwindigkeit, Richtwirkung und Verteilung verliehen, um eine homogene Wirbelschicht zu gewährleisten.Preferably, the channel is provided with holes arranged in a regular grid for the gas guided into the conveyor screw. In this way, the gas in particular the speed, directivity and distribution imparted to ensure a homogeneous fluidized bed.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist die Rinne vorzugsweise flexibel, so dass sie sich gut an den Außenumfang der Förderschnecke bzw. des diese umgebenden Mantels anpasst und anlegt.According to a further embodiment, the channel is preferably flexible, so that it adapts well to the outer circumference of the screw conveyor or of the surrounding jacket and applies.
Zwecks möglichst kostengünstiger Fertigung ist die Rinne vorzugsweise aus einer Platte oder Folie aus Kunststoff oder aus einem Metallblech gebildet. Bei einer Rinne aus Kunststoff kann das Material der Rinne selbst auch die Dichtungen bilden.For the purpose of cost-effective production as possible, the channel is preferably made of a plate or plastic film or formed from a metal sheet. With a gutter made of plastic, the material of the gutter itself can also form the seals.
Das Trocknungsgut kann je nach seinen Schütteigenschaften bei der Drehung der Förderschnecke in deren Drehrichtung mitgenommen werden, wodurch dann beim Trocknungsvorgang die Wirbelschicht eine Lage einnimmt, die aus der Horizontalebene leicht in Drehrichtung der Förderschnecke verdreht ist. Um die Zuführung des Gases in die Förderschnecke daran anpassen zu können, ist vorgesehen, dass die Rinne als Ganzes in Umfangsrichtung der Förderschnecke verdrehbar und in gewünschten Positionen festlegbar ist.The material to be dried can be taken along in the direction of rotation, depending on its Schütteigenschaften in the rotation of the screw conveyor, whereby then during the drying process, the fluidized bed occupies a position which is slightly twisted from the horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the screw conveyor. In order to be able to adapt the supply of the gas in the screw conveyor, it is provided that the channel as a whole in the circumferential direction of the screw conveyor can be rotated and fixed in desired positions.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung schlägt vor, dass die Rinne in ihrer in Umfangsrichtung der Förderschnecke gesehenen Erstreckung verstellbar und in unterschiedlichen Erstreckungen in Umfangsrichtung festlegbar ist. Damit kann die Gaszuführung zur Förderschnecke hinsichtlich der Größe des Umfangsbereichs, durch den das Gas in die Förderschnecke eintritt, variiert und für den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck optimiert werden.Another embodiment proposes that the channel in its seen in the circumferential direction of the auger extension is adjustable and can be fixed in different directions in the circumferential direction. Thus, the gas supply to the screw conveyor with respect to the size of the peripheral region through which the gas enters the screw conveyor, can be varied and optimized for the respective application.
Bevorzugt ist der Trockner ein Durchlauftrockner mit einer stetig laufenden Förderschnecke. Damit wird ein stetiger Trocknungsbetrieb ermöglicht, der für viele Anwendungen in stetig arbeitenden Produktions- oder Verarbeitungsanlagen vorteilhaft ist.Preferably, the dryer is a continuous dryer with a continuously running screw conveyor. This enables a continuous drying operation, which is advantageous for many applications in continuously operating production or processing plants.
Alternativ kann der Trockner ein Chargentrockner mit einer bei einem Befüllen und Entleeren des Trockners laufenden Förderschnecke sein, wobei während eines Trocknens des Trocknungsgutes die Förderschnecke stillsteht oder hin und her dreht. Das Hin- und Herdrehen der Förderschnecke dient hier dazu, das Trocknungsgut während des Trocknens zu bewegen, ohne es zu fördern, was günstig für den Trocknungsprozess, insbesondere für eine gleichmäßige Trocknung aller Teile des Trocknungsgutes, sein kann. Bei Stillstand der Förderschnecke ist ein Wiegevorgang zur Ermittlung des Gewichts oder einer Gewichtsveränderung der Trocknungsgutcharge besonders einfach, weil keine störenden Einflüsse durch bewegte Trocknerteile vorliegen. Auch bei laufender Förderschnecke sind derartige Wiegeprozesse möglich, wobei dann zwar Bewegungen der Schnecke stören können, die aber z.B. durch Mittelung ausreichend eliminierbar sind. Dabei ist es möglich, dass der Trockner bei identischer Bauart wahlweise oder abwechselnd in einer von beiden Betriebsweisen, also Durchlauftrocknung oder Chargentrocknung, betrieben wird, wodurch er flexibel einsetzbar ist.Alternatively, the dryer may be a batch dryer with a feed screw running during filling and emptying of the dryer, wherein during a drying of the material to be dried the conveyor screw is stationary or rotates back and forth. The back and forth turning of the screw conveyor serves here to move the material to be dried during drying, without promoting it, which can be favorable for the drying process, in particular for a uniform drying of all parts of the material to be dried. At standstill of the screw conveyor a weighing process for determining the weight or a change in weight of the Trocknungsgutcharge is particularly simple, because there are no disturbing influences by moving dryer parts. Such weighing processes are also possible when the auger is running, although movements of the auger can then be disrupted, but can be sufficiently eliminated, for example, by averaging. It is possible that the dryer is operated with identical design, either alternatively or alternately in one of two modes of operation, ie continuous drying or batch drying, whereby it can be used flexibly.
Weiter ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Mantel aus einem gitterförmigen oder gelochten Material oder einem Gewebe- oder Geflechtmaterial besteht, wobei das Material bevorzugt Metall oder Kunststoff ist. Konkret ist beispielsweise ein Feinlochblech mit für den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck bzw. für das jeweilige Trocknungsgut angepassten Lochgrößen und -formen geeignet. In allen Ausführungen kann erreicht werden, dass der Mantel einerseits für das die Wirbelschicht erzeugende Gas ausreichend durchlässig und andererseits für das Trocknungsgut ausreichend undurchlässig ist. Die Gestaltung des Mantels und die Materialauswahl richten sich nach den Anforderungen im Einzelfall, insbesondere nach der Größe der einzelnen Teilchen des Trocknungsgutes sowie nach den bei der Trocknung anzuwendenden Temperaturen.Further, it is preferably provided that the sheath consists of a latticed or perforated material or a woven or braided material, wherein the material is preferably metal or plastic. Specifically, for example, a fine perforated plate with suitable for the particular application or for the respective Trocknungsgut hole sizes and shapes suitable. In all embodiments, it can be achieved that the jacket is on the one hand sufficiently permeable to the fluid which generates the fluidized bed and, on the other hand, is sufficiently impermeable to the material to be dried. The design of the shell and the choice of materials depend on the requirements in each case, in particular on the size of the individual particles of the material to be dried and on the temperatures to be used during the drying.
Auch für die Trenn- und/oder Leitwände ist zur Anpassung an unterschiedliche Trocknungsguteigenschaften bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass sie in Umfangsrichtung der Förderschnecke gesehen gemeinsam und/oder individuell verstellbar und in ausgewählten Stellungen festlegbar sind.Also for the separation and / or baffles is preferred for adaptation to different drying properties provided that they are seen in the circumferential direction of the screw conveyor together and / or individually adjustable and fixed in selected positions.
Um die Gasdichtigkeit auch über eine längere Betriebszeit oder bei nicht exakt rundem Mantel zu erhalten, sind zweckmäßig die Gleitdichtungen in Radialrichtung der Förderschnecke verstellbar oder nachstellbar. Das Verstellen oder Nachstellen kann z.B. bei Bedarf durch manuellen Eingriff, z.B. über Nachstellschrauben, erfolgen oder automatisch und stetig ablaufen, z.B. mittels einer auf die Gleitdichtungen in Richtung zum Mantel einwirkenden und diese gegen den Mantel anlegenden Vorbelastungskraft, die beispielsweise durch eine oder mehrere Federn erzeugt werden kann.In order to obtain the gas-tightness over a longer period of operation or not exactly round jacket, the sliding seals are expedient in the radial direction of the screw conveyor adjustable or adjustable. The adjustment or readjustment may e.g. if necessary by manual intervention, e.g. via adjusting screws, done or run automatically and steadily, e.g. by means of an acting on the sliding seals in the direction of the jacket and this applying against the jacket biasing force, which can be generated for example by one or more springs.
Weiter wird für den erfindungsgemäßen Trockner vorgeschlagen, dass das Gehäuse mindestens eine im Trocknungsbetrieb verschlossene, für Reinigungs- und Wartungszwecke freigebbare Öffnung aufweist, dass die Förderschnecke austauschbar ist und dass durch die mindestens eine Öffnung die Förderschnecke aus- und einbaubar ist. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung können notwendige Reinigungs- und Wartungsarbeiten problemlos durchgeführt werden. Die Austauschbarkeit der Förderschnecke erlaubt eine einfache und zeitsparende Anpassung des Trockners an unterschiedliche Trocknungsaufgaben, insbesondere unterschiedliche Trocknungsgüter, die unterschiedliche Förderschnecken erfordern. Sofern der Mantel mit der Förderschnecke verbunden ist, kann dieser zusammen mit der Förderschnecke in einem Arbeitsgang ausgewechselt werden. Somit besteht die Möglichkeit, für einen Trockner unterschiedliche Förderschnecken bzw. unterschiedliche Einheiten aus Förderschnecke und Mantel vorzuhalten, die dann entsprechend der jeweiligen Trocknungsaufgabe in das Gehäuse eingebaut werden.It is further proposed for the dryer according to the invention that the housing has at least one closed in the drying operation, releasable for cleaning and maintenance opening, that the screw conveyor is interchangeable and that through the at least one opening, the screw conveyor can be removed and installed. In this embodiment, necessary cleaning and maintenance work can be performed easily. The interchangeability of the screw conveyor allows a simple and time-saving adaptation of the dryer to different drying tasks, in particular different drying goods that require different augers. If the jacket is connected to the screw conveyor, this can be replaced together with the screw conveyor in one operation. Thus, it is possible to hold for a dryer different augers or different units of auger and mantle, which then accordingly be installed in the housing of the respective drying task.
Bevorzugt ist die Öffnung durch eine abnehmbare oder verstellbare oberseitige oder seitliche Haube des Gehäuses verschließbar. Mit dieser Ausgestaltung kann die Öffnung schnell und einfach geöffnet und verschlossen werden. Gleichzeitig ist die Öffnung gut zugänglich.Preferably, the opening is closable by a removable or adjustable top or side hood of the housing. With this configuration, the opening can be opened and closed quickly and easily. At the same time the opening is easily accessible.
Weiter ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass dem wenigstens einen Gaseinlass eine Gaskonditioniereinrichtung zugeordnet oder vorgeschaltet ist. Mittels der Gaskonditioniereinrichtung kann das Gas in seinen Eigenschaften für den jeweils vorgesehenen Trocknungszweck optimiert werden, insbesondere auf eine bestimmte Temperatur und/oder Feuchtigkeit gebracht werden.Further, the invention provides that the at least one gas inlet is associated with a gas conditioning or upstream. By means of the gas conditioning device, the gas can be optimized in its properties for the respective intended drying purpose, in particular brought to a certain temperature and / or humidity.
Wie vorstehend schon erwähnt, ist der die Förderschnecke umgebende Mantel so ausgelegt, dass er für das Trocknungsgut undurchlässig ist. Dennoch können aber besonders feine, staubförmige Partikel, die im Trocknungsgut enthalten sind oder die sich während des Trocknens im Trockner bilden, durch den Mantel hindurchtreten. Um einen Austrag dieses Staubguts aus dem Trockner in die Umgebung zu vermeiden, ist zweckmäßig dem wenigstens einen Gasauslass ein Staubfilter zu- oder nachgeordnet. Zusätzlich oder auch alternativ zur Trocknungsfunktion kann die Vorrichtung gemäß Erfindung hier auch oder nur gezielt zur Entstaubung eines schüttfähigen Gutes eingesetzt werden.As already mentioned above, the casing surrounding the conveyor screw is designed such that it is impermeable to the material to be dried. Nevertheless, however, particularly fine, dust-like particles which are contained in the drying material or which form in the dryer during drying can pass through the jacket. In order to avoid a discharge of this dust from the dryer into the environment, it is expedient to add or arrange a dust filter at least one gas outlet. In addition or as an alternative to the drying function, the device according to the invention can also be used here specifically or only for the dedusting of a pourable material.
Bevorzugt ist weiter vorgesehen, dass dem wenigstens einen Gaseinlass ein Druckgebläse zu- oder vorgeordnet ist und/ oder dass dem wenigstens einen Gasauslass ein Sauggebläse zu- oder nachgeordnet ist. Mit dem Gebläse oder den Gebläsen wird die Gasförderung durch den Trockner bewirkt. Bei Einsatz eines Druckgebläses ist ein besonders hoher Gasdurchsatz möglich. Bei der Anordnung eines Sauggebläses auf der Seite des Gasauslasses wird dafür gesorgt, dass im Inneren des Gehäuses relativ zum Umgebungsdruck im Betrieb ein Unterdruck herrscht. Hiermit wird gewährleistet, dass Gas und eventuell darin enthaltener Staub aus dem Inneren des Gehäuses nicht in die Umgebung austreten können, wodurch die Umgebung vor möglicherweise schädlichen Einflüssen durch das Trocknungsgas oder durch Staubgut aus dem Trockner geschützt wird.Preferably, it is further provided that the at least one gas inlet is a pressure fan upstream or upstream and / or that the at least one gas outlet is a suction fan or downstream. With the blower or blowers, the gas is conveyed through the dryer. When using a pressure blower, a particularly high gas throughput is possible. In the arrangement of a suction fan on the side of the gas outlet is ensured that in the interior of the housing relative to the ambient pressure during operation, a negative pressure prevails. This ensures that gas and any dust inside it can not escape into the environment, protecting the environment from potentially harmful effects of the drying gas or dust from the dryer.
Für die Trocknung muss das Trocknungsgut von außen her in die Förderschnecke eingebracht werden. Damit, falls dies störend ist, auf diesem Wege Umgebungsluft nicht in das Innere der Förderschnecke und des Gehäuses gelangt oder umgekehrt Gas und/oder Staub nicht austreten, ist bevorzugt einem ersten Ende der Förderschnecke eine zur Umgebung im wesentlichen gasdicht abgedichtete Guteingabeeinrichtung zugeordnet. Wenn die Druckverhältnisse so sind, dass kein relevanter Gasaustausch stattfindet, oder ein gewisser Gasaustausch nicht störend ist, kann die Förderschnecke an ihrem Eingang auch einfach offen ausgeführt sein.For drying, the material to be dried must be introduced into the auger from the outside. Thus, if this is annoying, in this way ambient air does not get into the interior of the screw conveyor and the housing or vice versa gas and / or dust does not escape, preferably a first end of the screw conveyor is assigned to the environment substantially gas-tight sealed feed-in. If the pressure conditions are such that no relevant gas exchange takes place, or a certain gas exchange is not disturbing, the screw conveyor can also be designed simply open at its input.
Die Guteingabeeinrichtung umfasst bevorzugt einen in seiner Förderleistung einstellbaren Schwingförderer oder eine in ihrer Leistung einstellbare Eingabeschnecke als Dosiereinrichtung. Damit ist ein exakt dosiertes Zuführen von zu trocknendem Trocknungsgut in die Förderschnecke möglich. Je nach Bedarf kann die Förderleistung der Guteingabeeinrichtung verändert werden, beispielsweise wenn die Art des zu trocknenden Trocknungsgutes oder dessen Trocknungseigenschaften wechseln.The feed device preferably comprises an adjustable in its capacity vibratory conveyor or adjustable in their performance input screw as metering. Thus, a precisely metered feeding of drying material to be dried in the screw conveyor is possible. Depending on requirements, the delivery rate of the input device can be changed, for example, if the type of drying material to be dried or its drying properties change.
Eine diesbezügliche konkrete Weiterbildung sieht vor, dass die Guteingabeeinrichtung ein konzentrisch zur Förderschnecke in deren erstes Ende einmündendes Förderrohr umfasst und dass das erste Ende der Förderschnecke durch eine das Förderrohr dichtend umgebende elastische Ringscheibe verschlossen ist. Auf diese Weise kann das zu trocknende Gut in die Schnecke gelangen, ohne dass in störendem Ausmaß Gas aus der Förderschnecke nach außen oder Umgebungsluft in die Förderschnecke hinein gelangen kann.A concrete further development in this respect provides that the feed-in device comprises a delivery pipe concentric with the feed screw in its first end, and that the first end of the feed screw is closed by an elastic annular disk sealingly surrounding the feed pipe. In this way, the material to be dried can get into the screw without gas from the auger to the outside or ambient air can get into the auger in disturbing extent.
Nach dem Durchlaufen der Förderstrecke muss das dann getrocknete Trocknungsgut aus der Förderschnecke und dem Gehäuse abgeführt werden. Damit bei Bedarf auch auf diesem Wege Falschluft nicht in das Gehäuse oder Gas und/oder Staub nicht nach außen gelangen können, ist zweckmäßig einem zweiten Ende der Förderschnecke eine zur Umgebung im Wesentlichen gasdicht abgedichtete Gutausgabeeinrichtung zugeordnet. Auch für dieses zweite Ende der Schnecke kann alternativ eine einfache offene Ausführung vorgesehen sein, wenn dadurch keine störenden Effekte verursacht werden.After passing through the conveyor line, the drying material then dried must be removed from the conveyor screw and the housing. So that if necessary even in this way false air can not get into the housing or gas and / or dust to the outside, a second end of the screw conveyor is assigned to the environment a substantially gas-tight sealed Gutausgabeeinrichtung expediently. Alternatively, for this second end of the screw, a simple open design can be provided, if this causes no disturbing effects.
Eine bevorzugte Möglichkeit zur gasdichten Ausgestaltung der Gutausgabeeinrichtung besteht darin, dass diese mit einer Schleuse, insbesondere einer Zellenradschleuse, ausgebildet ist.A preferred option for gas-tight design of the dispensing device is that it is formed with a lock, in particular a rotary valve.
Bei der geneigten Anordnung der Förderschnecke liegt zweckmäßig die Gutausgabeeinrichtung höher als die Guteingabeeinrichtung, was z.B. das Weiterleiten des Trocknungsgutes an weiterverarbeitende Einrichtungen oder das unmittelbare Verpacken des Trocknungsgutes erleichtert.In the inclined arrangement of the screw conveyor, the good dispensing device is expediently higher than the goods input device, which facilitates, for example, the forwarding of the material to be dried to further processing facilities or the immediate packaging of the material to be dried.
Um die Förderschnecke einerseits sicher und andererseits reibungsarm zu lagern, ist vorgesehen, dass die Förderschnecke eine zentrale, ein- oder beidseitig stirnseitig vorragende Achse oder ein oder zwei nur stirnseitig vorragende Achsstummel zur Schneckenlagerung aufweist.In order to store the screw conveyor on the one hand safely and on the other hand with low friction, it is provided that the screw conveyor has a central axis projecting on one or both sides of the end face or one or two axle stubs projecting only on the front side for screw mounting.
Wenn die Förderschnecke eine nur einseitig vorragende Achse oder nur einen stirnseitig vorragenden Achsstummel aufweist oder wenn die Förderschnecke besonders lang ist, ist zweckmäßig die Förderschnecke zusätzlich in der Rinne und/oder auf Lagerrollen gelagert. Die Lagerrollen sind dann zweckmäßig an dem von der vorragenden Achse oder dem vorragenden Achsstummel entfernten Ende und/oder zwischen den Enden der Förderschnecke angeordnet, bevorzugt in einem geschlossenen Mantelendbereich oder Mantelzwischenbereich der Förderschnecke. Das andere Ende der Förderschnecke ist dann zweckmäßig mittels der Achse oder des Achsstummels gelagert.If the screw conveyor has an axis projecting only on one side or only a stub axle protruding on the front side, or if the conveyor screw is particularly long, the auger is expediently additionally mounted in the channel and / or on bearing rollers. The bearing rollers are then suitably arranged on the end remote from the projecting axle or the projecting axle stub and / or between the ends of the conveyor worm, preferably in a closed mantle end region or mantle intermediate region of the auger. The other end of the screw conveyor is then conveniently mounted by means of the axle or stub axle.
Wenn die Förderschnecke eine durchgehende Achse aufweist, dann ist diese bevorzugt eine geschlossene Welle mit einem Außendurchmesser, der klein ist im Verhältnis zum Außendurchmesser der Förderschnecke, um die gewünschte Ausbildung der Wirbelschicht des Trocknungsgutes in der Förderschnecke nicht durch die Achse bzw. Welle zu behindern oder zu stören.If the auger has a continuous axis, then this is preferably a closed shaft with an outer diameter which is small in relation to the outer diameter of the screw conveyor, so as not to hinder the desired formation of the fluidized bed of the material to be dried in the auger by the shaft or disturb.
Zum Drehen der Förderschnecke ist vorgesehen, dass diese mittels wenigstens eines Antriebsmotors über ein Zahnrad- oder Reibrad- oder Riemen- oder Kettengetriebe drehantreibbar ist. Auf diese Weise kann die Förderschnecke zuverlässig in Drehung versetzt werden, wobei durch eine Drehzahleinstellung des Motors die Drehzahl der Förderschnecke auf geeignete Werte einstellbar ist und damit die Förderleistung der Förderschnecke und der Durchsatz des Trockners in gewünschter Weise einstellbar sind. Bei geeigneter Übersetzung des Getriebes genügt schon eine relativ geringe Antriebsleistung für die Drehung der Förderschnecke und für die Förderung des in der Schnecke befindlichen Trocknungsgutes, was zu einem niedrigen Energieverbrauch des Trockners beiträgt.For rotating the screw conveyor is provided that it is rotatably driven by means of at least one drive motor via a gear or Reibrad- or belt or chain transmission. In this way, the screw conveyor can be set reliably in rotation, wherein the rotational speed of the screw conveyor can be set to suitable values by a speed setting of the motor and thus the conveying capacity of the screw conveyor and the throughput of the dryer are adjustable in the desired manner. With a suitable transmission ratio, a relatively low drive power for the rotation of the conveyor screw and for the conveyance of the drying material in the screw is sufficient, which contributes to a low energy consumption of the dryer.
Um auch kompliziertere Trocknungsvorgänge mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Trockner durchführen zu können, schlägt eine Ausgestaltung vor, dass in Förderrichtung des Trocknungsgutes gesehen das Gehäuse in mehrere gasseitig voneinander getrennte Gehäusebereiche unterteilt ist, wobei durch jeden Gehäusebereich ein eigener Gasstrom führbar ist. Damit können in den unterschiedlichen Gehäusebereichen unterschiedliche Behandlungen des Trocknungsgutes erfolgen, wobei sich die Gasströme z.B. durch ihre Temperatur, ihre Geschwindigkeit oder ihre Zusammensetzung unterscheiden können. Im einfachsten Fall sind die Gasströme Luftströme, wobei die Luft vorteilhaft aus der Umgebung entnommen und nach dem Trocknungsvorgang, vorzugsweise nach Durchlaufen des Staubfilters, wieder in die Umgebung entlassen werden kann. Alternativ ist auch eine Kreislaufführung eines Gases denkbar, beispielsweise von Stickstoff. Bei Ausführung mit einem Gaskreislauf ist in diesen Kreislauf zweckmäßig noch eine Trocknungsstufe für das Gas zu integrieren.In order to carry out more complicated drying operations with the dryer according to the invention, proposes an embodiment that seen in the conveying direction of the material to be dried, the housing is divided into a plurality of gas-side housing sections separated, each case a separate gas flow is feasible. This can be done in the different housing areas different treatments of the material to be dried, wherein the gas flows, e.g. by their temperature, their speed or their composition. In the simplest case, the gas streams are air streams, wherein the air can be advantageously removed from the environment and discharged into the environment after the drying process, preferably after passing through the dust filter. Alternatively, a circulation of a gas is conceivable, for example of nitrogen. When running with a gas circulation, it is expedient to integrate a drying step for the gas in this circuit.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführung sieht vor, dass in Förderrichtung des Trocknungsgutes gesehen wenigstens ein erster Gehäusebereich eine Trocknungszone bildet, die von einem warmen Trocknungsgasstrom durchströmbar ist, und dass wenigstens ein zweiter Gehäusebereich eine Kühlzone bildet, die von einem kühlen Gasstrom durchströmbar ist. Auf diese Weise kann in dem mindestens einen ersten Gehäusebereich das Trocknungsgut getrocknet werden, wobei bei Einsatz des warmen Trocknungsgasstroms das Trocknungsgut zwangsläufig erwärmt wird. Im zweiten Gehäusebereich kann das Trocknungsgut wieder abgekühlt werden, um Schäden durch eine über einen zu langen Zeitraum erhöhte Temperatur des Trocknungsgutes zu vermeiden. Auch wird es hierdurch beispielsweise möglich, das Trocknungsgut nach dem Trocknen und nach dem nachfolgenden Abkühlen unmittelbar zu verpacken, ohne dass die Gefahr einer schädlichen Kondensatbildung besteht.A preferred embodiment provides that viewed in the conveying direction of the material to be dried at least a first housing portion forms a drying zone, which is traversed by a warm drying gas flow, and that at least a second housing portion forms a cooling zone, which is flowed through by a cool gas stream. In this way, in the at least one first housing portion, the drying material can be dried, wherein when used the warm drying gas flow, the drying material is necessarily heated. In the second housing area, the material to be dried can be cooled again in order to avoid damage caused by an excessively high temperature of the material to be dried. This also makes it possible, for example, to pack the drying material immediately after drying and after the subsequent cooling without the risk of harmful condensation forming.
Um Trocknungsvorgänge exakt und reproduzierbar zu führen, ist schließlich vorgesehen, dass im Gaszuführbereich und/ oder im Gasabführbereich ein oder mehrere Temperatur- und/oder Feuchtefühler angeordnet sind, mit denen im Trocknungsbetrieb eine Gastemperatur und/oder -feuchte erfassbar sind/ist, und dass das/die Gebläse und/oder die Gaskonditioniereinrichtung(en) und/oder eine Trocknungsguteingabemenge und/oder die Förderschneckendrehzahl nach Maßgabe von durch den/die Fühler erfassten Messwerten steuerbar oder regelbar ist/sind. Für die Steuerung oder Regelung wird zweckmäßig eine programmierbare elektronische Steuereinheit eingesetzt, die nach Maßgabe der von den Fühlern gelieferten Messsignale die vorgenannten Parameter der Trocknung zweckentsprechend einstellt und bei Bedarf verändert sowie den Ablauf und das Ergebnis des Trocknungsvorganges kontrolliert und bei Bedarf auch dokumentiert.In order to perform drying operations accurately and reproducibly, it is finally provided that one or more temperature and / or humidity sensors are arranged in the gas feed region and / or in the gas discharge region, with which a gas temperature and / or moisture can be detected in the drying operation, and the blower (s) and / or the gas conditioning device (s) and / or a drying material input quantity and / or the screw conveyor rotational speed can be controlled or regulated in accordance with measured values detected by the sensor (s). For the control or regulation, a programmable electronic control unit is expediently used, which adjusts the aforementioned parameters of the drying appropriately according to the measurement signals supplied by the sensors and changed if necessary and controls the sequence and the result of the drying process and if necessary also documented.
Außer für Trocknungszwecke kann der erfindungsgemäße Trockner auch als Vorrichtung für andere Aufgaben bei der Behandlung von schüttfähigen Gütern mittels eines gasförmigen Mediums eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise wenn ein Schüttgut intensiv und möglichst vollständig mit einem Gas in Kontakt gebracht werden soll. Umgekehrt ist in der Vorrichtung auch die Behandlung eines Gases durch Kontakt mit einem schüttfähigen Material denkbar.Except for drying purposes, the dryer according to the invention can also be used as a device for other tasks in the treatment of bulk materials by means of a gaseous medium, for example, when a bulk material is to be intensively and as completely as possible brought into contact with a gas. Conversely, in the Device also the treatment of a gas by contact with a pourable material conceivable.
Mit der erwähnten Steuereinheit wird zweckmäßig dafür gesorgt, dass im Betrieb des Trockners das schüttfähige Trocknungsgut der Förderschnecke in einer Menge zugeführt wird, dass es den Querschnitt der Förderschnecke im Inneren des Mantels nur zum Teil ausfüllt, dass das Gas in einem unteren Bereich der Förderschnecke so durch den Mantel in das Innere der Förderschnecke eingeleitet wird, dass sich im Trocknungsgut eine Wirbelschicht ausbildet und dass das Gas nach dem Durchströmen des die Wirbelschicht bildenden Trocknungsgutes in einem oberen Bereich der Förderschnecke durch deren Mantel abgeführt wird. So kann ein Trockner der zuvor beschriebenen Art mit hohem Wirkungsgrad und geringem Energieverbrauch ohne Verluste an Trocknungsgut und mit schonender Behandlung des Trocknungsgutes betrieben werden. Der hohe Wirkungsgrad wird insbesondere durch die Wirbelschicht im Trocknungsgut bewirkt, so dass das Trocknungsverfahren trotz oder gerade wegen der nur teilweisen Füllung des Querschnitts der Förderschnecke mit Trocknungsgut besonders effizient ist. Bevorzugt wird im Betrieb des Trockners das schüttfähige Trocknungsgut der Förderschnecke in einer Menge zugeführt, dass es den Querschnitt der Förderschnecke nur zu 30 bis 60%, vorzugsweise zu 40 bis 50%, ausfüllt. Damit ist in jedem Falle sicher gewährleistet, dass die Ausbildung der gewünschten Wirbelschicht im Trocknungsgut unbehindert erfolgen kann.With the aforementioned control unit is advantageously provided that during operation of the dryer, the bulk material to be dried is supplied to the screw conveyor in an amount that it only partially fills the cross section of the screw conveyor in the interior of the shell, that the gas in a lower region of the screw conveyor so is introduced through the shell in the interior of the screw conveyor, that forms a fluidized bed in the drying material and that the gas is discharged after passing through the drying material forming the fluidized bed in an upper region of the screw conveyor through the jacket. Thus, a dryer of the type described above with high efficiency and low energy consumption can be operated without loss of material to be dried and with gentle treatment of the material to be dried. The high efficiency is in particular caused by the fluidized bed in the material to be dried, so that the drying process is particularly efficient, despite or just because of the only partial filling of the cross section of the screw conveyor with material to be dried. In the operation of the dryer, the bulkable material to be dried is preferably supplied to the conveyor screw in an amount such that it only fills the cross section of the conveyor screw by 30 to 60%, preferably by 40 to 50%. This ensures in any case sure that the formation of the desired fluidized bed in the drying material can be done without hindrance.
Im Folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele eines erfindungsgemäßen Trockners anhand einer Zeichnung erläutert. Die Figuren der Zeichnung zeigen:
Figur 1- einen Trockner in einer schematischen Seitenansicht, teils im Längsschnitt,
Figur 2- den
Trockner aus Figur 1 in einem Querschnitt durch einen ersten Abschnitt des Trockners und Figur 3- den Trockner in einem Teil-Querschnitt durch seinen Endbereich,
Figur 4- den Trockner in einer zweiten Ausführung in einem Querschnitt durch einen ersten Abschnitt des Trockners, mit geschlossenem Gehäuse, und
Figur 5- den
Trockner aus Figur 4 in gleicher Darstellung, nun mit geöffnetem Gehäuse.
- FIG. 1
- a dryer in a schematic side view, partly in longitudinal section,
- FIG. 2
- the dryer off
FIG. 1 in a cross section through a first section of the dryer and - FIG. 3
- the dryer in a partial cross-section through its end,
- FIG. 4
- the dryer in a second embodiment in a cross section through a first portion of the dryer, with closed housing, and
- FIG. 5
- the dryer off
FIG. 4 in the same representation, now with the housing open.
Wie die
Links in
Die Guteingabeeinrichtung 4 umfasst beispielsweise einen verstellbaren bzw. einstellbaren Schwingförderer, der über ein Förderrohr 40 das zunächst in die Guteingabeeinrichtung 4 eingeschüttete Trocknungsgut in die Förderschnecke 2 einleitet. Das Stirnende der Förderschnecke 2 und des Mantels 20 ist hier durch eine elastische Ringscheibe 41 mit einer zentralen Öffnung für das Förderrohr 40 verschlossen. Mit dem Förderrohr 40 bildet die Ringscheibe 41 eine einfache, aber hier ausreichende Drehdichtung. Der außerhalb des Gehäuses 3 liegende kurze Förderschnecken- und Mantelendbereich 21 ist an seinem Umfang gut- und gasdicht ausgeführt. Zur drehbaren Lagerung der Förderschnecke 2 sind in diesem Endbereich 21 des Mantels 20 zwei Lagerrollen 27 im unteren Bereich des Mantels 20 unter diesem angeordnet, auf denen der Mantel 20 aufliegt. Eine oberhalb des Endbereichs 21 des Mantels 20 angeordnete Niederhalterolle 27' sorgt dafür, dass im Betrieb des Trockners 1 die Förderschnecke 2 ihre vorgesehene Lage beibehält und nicht nach oben hin ausweichen kann.The
Durch Drehen der Förderschnecke 2 mittels eines am anderen, in
Zum Trocknen des Trocknungsgutes wird ein Gas, beispielsweise Luft, eingesetzt, das durch hier insgesamt drei Gaseinlässe 30 in das Innere des Gehäuses 3 geführt wird. Im Inneren des Gehäuses 3 werden die Gasströme durch einen oder mehrere Gaszuführbereiche 31 jeweils so geführt, dass sie die Förderschnecke 2 mit dem darin befindlichen Trocknungsgut im wesentlichen im Querstrom durchströmen, wobei im Trocknungsgut enthaltene Feuchtigkeit vom Gasstrom mitgenommen wird. Die Gasströme werden dann über mindestens je einen, hier zwei Gasabführbereiche 33 und zwei Gasauslässe 34 aus dem Trockner 1 abgeführt. Den Gasauslässen 34 können ein oder mehrere Staubfilter zu- oder nachgeordnet sein.To dry the material to be dried, a gas, for example air, is used, which is guided through here three
Zur Förderung der Gasströme dienen ein oder mehrere Gebläse, die in der Zeichnungsfigur nicht dargestellt sind. Die Gebläse sind z.B. als Druckgebläse ausgeführt und den Gaseinlässen 30 vorgeschaltet oder zugeordnet. Alternativ sind sie als Sauggebläse ausgeführt und den Gasauslässen 34 zugeordnet oder nachgeschaltet, um im Inneren des Gehäuses 3 relativ zur Umgebung einen Unterdruck zu erzeugen. Dieser Unterdruck vermeidet einen Austrag von Staubgut aus dem Inneren des Gehäuses 3 in die Umgebung. Auch ein Einsatz beider Arten von Gebläsen ist möglich.To promote the gas flows serve one or more fans, which are not shown in the drawing figure. The blowers are e.g. designed as a pressure fan and the
Bei dem in
Das getrocknete und rückgekühlte Trocknungsgut verlässt dann im zweiten, in
Im Trocknungsbetrieb ist das Gehäuse 3 des Trockners 1 geschlossen, um die gewünschten Gasströmungen zu gewährleisten. Für Wartungs- und Reparaturzwecke kann das Gehäuse 3 geöffnet werden, indem hier eine oberseitige Haube 35 verschwenkt oder ganz abgenommen wird. Durch die dann offene Oberseite des Gehäuses 3 wird das Innere des Gehäuses 3 zugänglich.In the drying operation, the
Außerdem kann im geöffneten Zustand des Gehäuses 3 die Förderschnecke 2 einschließlich ihres Mantels 20 schnell und einfach ausgetauscht werden. Auf diese Weise kann der Trockner 1 mit unterschiedlichen Förderschnecken 2 und unterschiedlichen Mänteln 20 ausgestattet werden, um den Trockner 1 an unterschiedliche Trocknungsaufgaben, insbesondere unterschiedliche Trocknungsgüter, anzupassen.In addition, in the open state of the
Weiterhin ist dem Trockner 1 zweckmäßig eine in der Zeichnung nicht eigens dargestellte Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung zugeordnet, mit der der Betrieb des Trockners 1 überwacht und gesteuert wird, insbesondere indem Feuchtigkeiten und Temperaturen erfasst, Gastemperaturen, Gasmengen und/oder Gasgeschwindigkeiten geregelt sowie die Förderleistung der Guteingabeeinrichtung 4, der Förderschnecke 2 und der Gutausgabeeinrichtung 5 bedarfsgerecht geregelt werden.Furthermore, the
Rechts unten in
In diesem unteren Bereich der Förderschnecke 2 und des Mantels 20 ist unmittelbar an dem Außenumfang des Mantels 20 ein Gasleitelement in Form einer gelochten Rinne 26 angeordnet. Diese Rinne 26 besteht aus einer Platte oder Folie aus Metall oder Kunststoff mit darin ausgebildeten, in einem regelmäßigen engen Raster angeordneten Durchbrechungen. Außer zu einer Gasführung kann die Rinne 26 auch unterstützend zu einer Lagerung der Förderschnecke 2 dienen, wobei dann die Förderschnecke 2 mit ihrem Mantel 20 gleitend in der Rinne 26 liegt.In this lower region of the
Die gelochte Rinne 26 ermöglicht einen Übertritt des Gasstromes aus dem Gaszuführbereich 31 durch die Löcher in der Rinne 26 und durch den Mantel 20 hindurch in das Innere der Förderschnecke 2 und auf diesem Wege durch das Trocknungsgut 6 hindurch auf eine solche Weise, dass sich im Trocknungsgut 6 eine Wirbelschicht ausbildet. Dabei ist im Inneren der Förderschnecke 2 und des Mantels 20 ausreichend Platz für das in der Wirbelschicht aufwirbelnde und zum Teil von der Innenfläche des Mantels 20 abhebende Trocknungsgut 6, weil dieses den Querschnitt der Schnecke 2 nur zum Teil füllt.The
Das strömende Gas sorgt dabei vorteilhaft für eine gute Anlage der Rinne 26 am Außenumfang des Mantels 20 der Förderschnecke 2, wodurch Spalträume zwischen der Rinne 26 und dem Außenumfang des Mantels 20, die die Gasströmung stören könnten, vermieden werden.The flowing gas advantageously ensures a good contact of the
Im Inneren des Gehäuses 3 ist der Gaszuführbereich 31 durch Trenn- und Leitwände 32 begrenzt. Mantelseitige Kanten der Trenn- und Leitwände 32 liegen unter Zwischenlage von Gleitdichtungen 36 und 36' am Außenumfang des Mantels 20 an, um den Gasstrom möglichst vollständig durch das Trocknungsgut 6 zu führen. In den Gleitdichtungen 36 und 36' enden hier auch die beiden Längskanten der gelochten Rinne 26.Inside the
Nach dem Durchströmen des die Wirbelschicht bildenden Trocknungsgutes 6 in der Förderschnecke 2 fließt der Gasstrom nach oben durch den Mantel 20 hindurch in den Gasabführbereich 33 und noch weiter nach oben durch den Gasauslass 34 ab.After flowing through the fluidized bed forming material to be dried 6 in the
Der obere Bereich der Förderschnecke 2 wird durch die Haube 35 überdeckt, die einen verschwenkbaren oder abnehmbaren Teil des Gehäuses 3 bildet.The upper portion of the
Wie in
Rechts unten in
In diesem unteren Bereich der Förderschnecke 2 und des Mantels 20 ist unmittelbar am Außenumfang des Mantels 20 ein Gasleitelement in Form einer gelochten Rinne 26 angeordnet. Diese Rinne 26 besteht aus einer Platte oder Folie aus Metall oder Kunststoff mit darin ausgebildeten, in einem regelmäßigen engen Raster angeordneten Durchbrechungen. Außer zur Gasführung kann die Rinne 26 auch hier unterstützend zu einer Lagerung der Förderschnecke 2 dienen, wobei die Förderschnecke 2 mit ihrem Mantel 20 gleitend in der Rinne 26 liegt.In this lower region of the
Die gelochte Rinne 26 ermöglicht einen Übertritt des Gasstromes aus dem Gaszuführbereich 31 durch die Löcher in der Rinne 26 und durch den gasdurchlässigen Mantel 20 hindurch in das Innere der Förderschnecke 2 und auf diesem Wege durch das Trocknungsgut 6 hindurch auf eine solche Weise, dass sich im Trocknungsgut 6 eine Wirbelschicht ausbildet. Dabei ist im Inneren der Förderschnecke 2 und des Mantels 20 ausreichend Platz für das in der Wirbelschicht aufwirbelnde und zum Teil von der Innenfläche des Mantels 20 abhebende Trocknungsgut 6, weil dieses den Querschnitt der Schnecke 2 nur zum Teil ausfüllt.The
Im Inneren des Gehäuses 3 ist der Gaszuführbereich 31 durch Trenn- und Leitwände 32 begrenzt. Mantelseitige Kanten der Trenn- und Leitwände 32 liegen unter Zwischenlage von Gleitdichtungen 36 und 36' am Außenumfang des Mantels 20 an, um den Gasstrom möglichst vollständig durch das Trocknungsgut 6 zu führen. In den Gleitdichtungen 36 und 36' enden hier auch die beiden Längskanten der gelochten Rinne 26. Zur Vermeidung von unerwünschten Nebenströmungen des Gases kann die Anordnung der Löcher in der Rinne 26 so getroffen sein, dass Löcher nur dort vorhanden sind, wo sich innen im Mantel 20 Trocknungsgut 6 befindet, während in den beiden oberen Randbereichen der Rinne 26 nahe den Wänden 32 dann keine Löcher vorgesehen sind.Inside the
Nach dem Durchströmen des die Wirbelschicht bildenden Trocknungsgutes 6 in der Förderschnecke 2 fließt der Gasstrom nach oben durch den Mantel 20 hindurch in den Gasabführbereich 33 und dann weiter zur Seite hin in den hier seitlich angeordneten Gasauslass 34.After flowing through the fluidized bed forming material to be dried 6 in the
Der obere Bereich der Förderschnecke 2 wird durch eine Haube 35 überdeckt, die hier einen verschwenkbaren oberen Teil des Gehäuses 3 bildet.The upper portion of the
In
Claims (28)
- A dryer (1) for free-flowing material to be dried (6), comprising a conveyor track, through which the material to be dried (6) is to pass, comprising at least one rotatable conveyor worm (2), in which a gas can flow through the material to be dried (6),- wherein the at least one rotatable conveyor worm (2), which forms the conveyor track, is surrounded across its entire circumference by a gas-permeable and material-impermeable jacket (20), which is attached to the conveyor worm (2) and which can rotate with it,- wherein the conveyor worm (2) comprising the jacket (20) is arranged in a substantially gas-tight housing (3) comprising at least one gas inlet (30) and at least one gas outlet (34),- wherein, in its interior, the housing (3) is divided into a gas supply area (31), which is connected to the gas inlet (30), and into a gas discharge area (33), which is connected to the gas outlet (34),- wherein, radially outside of the conveyor worm (2), the gas supply area (31) and the gas discharge area (33) are separated from one another by means of two partition and/or guide walls (32, 32'), which are arranged in the housing so as to be located opposite one another, and which, on their longitudinal edge, which faces the conveyor worm (2), in each case abut on the outer circumference of the jacket (20) of the conveyor worm (2) by means of sliding seals (36, 36'), so that the gas supply area (31) and the gas discharge area (33) are only connected to one another in terms of flow through the conveyor worm (2),- wherein the gas can be introduced in a lower area of the conveyor worm (2) into the interior of the conveyor worm (2) through the jacket (20) by embodying a fluidized bed in the material to be dried (6) and- wherein, after flowing through the material to be dried (6), which forms the fluidized bed, the gas can be discharged in an upper area of the conveyor worm (2) through the jacket (20) thereof,- wherein the free-flowing material (6) only partially fills the cross section of the conveyor worm (2) within the jacket (20) during the operation of the drier (1),- wherein a non-rotating gas feeding element in the form of a chamfer (26), which is provided with through holes and which is matched to the shape of the jacket (20) and which abuts on the outer circumference of the jacket (20) and which, on its longitudinal edges, which are spaced apart from one another in circumferential direction of the conveyor worm (2), abuts on the outer circumference of the jacket (20) of the conveyor worm (2) by means of sliding seals (36, 36'), is arranged parallel to the jacket (20) of the conveyor worm (2) within the housing (3) in the gas supply area (31) at least in a circumferential area of the conveyor worm (2), in which the gas enters into the conveyor worm (2),- wherein the one longitudinal edge of the chamfer (26) and the longitudinal edge of the one guide and partition wall (32) adjacent thereto as well as the other longitudinal edge of the chamfer (26) and the longitudinal edge of the other guide and partition wall (32') adjacent thereto are in each case arranged directly next to one another or are connected to one another and are in each case provided with a common sliding seal (36, 36') and- wherein the conveyor worm (2) is arranged horizontally or so as to be inclined towards the horizontal, wherein the angle to the horizontal is maximally 45° when the arrangement is inclined.
- The drier according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamfer (26) is provided with holes, which are arranged at a periodic pattern, for the gas, which is guided into the conveyor worm (2).
- The drier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the chamfer (26) is flexible.
- The drier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the chamfer (26) is formed of a sheet or film made of plastic or of a sheet metal.
- The drier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the chamfer (26) can be rotated as a whole in circumferential direction of the conveyor worm (2) and can be fixed in desired positions.
- The drier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the chamfer (26), viewed in its extension in circumferential direction of the conveyor worm (2), can be adjusted and can be fixed in different extensions in circumferential direction.
- The drier according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is a continuous drier comprising a continuously running conveyor worm (2).
- The drier according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is a batch drier comprising a conveyor worm (2), which runs in response to a filling and emptying of the drier (1), wherein the conveyor worm (2) stands still or rotates back and forth during a drying of the material to be dried (6).
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jacket (20) is made of a lattice-shaped or perforated material or of a woven fabric or mesh material, wherein the material is metal or plastic.
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, viewed in circumferential direction of the conveyor worm (2), the partition and/or guide walls (32, 32') can be adjusted together and/or individually and can be fixed in selected positions.
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding seals (36, 36') can be adjusted or readjusted in radial direction of the conveyor worm (2).
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (3) encompasses at least one opening, which is closed during the drying operation and which can be released for cleaning and maintenance purposes, that the conveyor worm (2) can be replaced and that the conveyor worm (2) can be removed and installed through the at least one opening.
- The drier according to claim 12, characterized in that the opening can be closed by means of a removable or adjustable top or side cap (35) of the housing (3).
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gas conditioning device is assigned to or connected upstream of the at least one gas inlet (30).
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a dust filter is assigned to or arranged downstream from the at least one gas outlet (34).
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pressure blower is assigned to or arranged upstream of the at least one gas inlet (30) and/or that a suction blower is assigned to or arranged downstream from the at least one gas outlet (34).
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a material input device (4), which is sealed off from the surroundings in a substantially gas-tight manner, is assigned to a first end (21) of the conveyor worm (2).
- The drier according to claim 17, characterized in that the material input device (4) comprises an oscillating conveyor, the capacity of which can be adjusted, or an input worm as metering device, the performance of which can be adjusted.
- The drier according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the material input device (4) comprises a feed pipe (40), which discharges concentrically to the conveyor worm (2) into the first end (21) thereof and that the first end (21) of the conveyor worm (2) is closed by means of an elastic ring disc (41), which surrounds the feed pipe (40) so as to form a seal.
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a material output device (5), which is sealed off from the surroundings in a substantially gas-tight manner, is assigned to a second end (22) of the conveyor worm (2).
- The drier according to claim 20, characterized in that the material output device (5) is embodied with a feeder, in particular a rotary feeder.
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conveyor worm (2) encompasses a central axle (23), which projects on the front side on one or both sides, or one axle end or two axle ends protruding only frontally for supporting the worm.
- The drier according to claim 22, characterized in that the conveyor worm is additionally supported in the chamfer (26) and/or on bearing rollers (27).
- The drier according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the axle (23) is a closed shaft comprising an outer diameter, which is small in relation to the outer diameter of the conveyor worm (2).
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conveyor worm (2) can be rotatably driven by means of at least one drive motor (24) via a gear drive or friction gear drive or belt drive or chain drive.
- The drier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, viewed in conveying direction (25) of the material to be dried (6), the housing (3) is divided into a plurality of housing areas (3.1, 3.1', 3.2), which are separated from one another on the gas side, wherein a gas flow can in each case be guided through each housing area (3.1, 3.1', 3.2).
- The drier according to claim 26, characterized in that, viewed in conveying direction (25) of the material to be dried (6), at least a first housing area (3.1, 3.1') forms a drying zone, through which a warm drying gas flow can flow, and that at least a second housing area (3.2) forms a cooling zone, through which a cool gas flow can flow.
- The drier according to claim 1 and according to claim 14 and/or 16, characterized in that one or a plurality of temperature and/or moisture sensors (37, 37'), by means of which a gas temperature and/or moisture can be detected during the drying operation, are arranged in the gas supply area (31) and/or in the gas discharge area (33), and that the blower/blowers and/or the gas conditioning device(s) and/or an input quantity of material to be dried and/or the conveyor worm speed can be controlled or regulated pursuant to the measuring values detected by the sensor/the sensors (37, 37').
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200610024144 DE102006024144A1 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2006-05-22 | Dryers for pourable drying material |
PCT/EP2007/001704 WO2007134656A1 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2007-02-28 | Dryer for free-flowing material to be dried and a method for operating a dryer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2024701A1 EP2024701A1 (en) | 2009-02-18 |
EP2024701B1 true EP2024701B1 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
Family
ID=38222070
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07722957.3A Not-in-force EP2024701B1 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2007-02-28 | Dryer for free-flowing material to be dried and a method for operating a dryer |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2024701B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006024144A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2024701T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007134656A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MA33876B1 (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-02 | Univ Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah | ARCHIMEDE FLUIDIZED BED DRIER |
NO343722B1 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2019-05-20 | Float Biopro As | System and process for drying loose bulk material, and a drying unit therefore |
SG11202106557QA (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-07-29 | Pelleton Global Renewables Ltd | Pellet processing drum |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE461622A (en) * | ||||
GB382890A (en) * | 1932-05-06 | 1932-11-03 | Duncan Stewart & Company Ltd | Improvements in rotary drying machines |
GB477279A (en) * | 1936-06-20 | 1937-12-20 | Kaloroil Burners Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the drying of grass or the like |
CH212600A (en) * | 1939-01-19 | 1940-12-15 | Jenny Heinrich Ing Dr | Process and device for the artificial drying of plants and other products. |
CH229145A (en) * | 1942-08-29 | 1943-10-15 | Buehler Ag Geb | Drum dryer with openwork jacket and cross ventilation. |
US3475832A (en) * | 1967-08-04 | 1969-11-04 | Process Equipment Eng Co | Continuous fluid bed dryer |
DE1919313C3 (en) * | 1969-04-11 | 1975-05-07 | Chemoprojekt Projektova, Inzenyrska A Konzultacni Organisace, Prag | Device for carrying out continuous fluidized bed processes |
DE2143462B2 (en) * | 1971-08-31 | 1973-09-27 | Karl 6080 Gross-Gerau Kron | Device for the continuous drying of agricultural products |
GB1405740A (en) * | 1974-07-19 | 1975-09-10 | Mo Li Tang | Rotary dryer |
US4052797A (en) * | 1976-04-02 | 1977-10-11 | Raytheon Company | Rotary drum plenum seal |
GB2083189A (en) * | 1980-08-23 | 1982-03-17 | Dobson Park Eng | Drying or toasting apparatus |
JPS613986A (en) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-01-09 | 株式会社大川原製作所 | Heat transfer pipe build-in type horizontal type fluidized bed drier |
FR2578964B1 (en) | 1985-03-12 | 1988-12-09 | Quiri Cie Sa Usines | FREEZER OR INDUSTRIAL DRYER WITH A FLUIDIZED BED AND A STRONG RETENTION POWER |
GB8517798D0 (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1985-08-21 | Din Eng Ltd | Reaction chamber conveyor |
DE3902271A1 (en) * | 1988-03-12 | 1989-09-21 | Buehler Ag Geb | Process for treating bulk material and apparatuses and plant therefor |
IT1251433B (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1995-05-09 | Vomm Impianti & Processi Srl | MACHINE FOR THE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS IN GENERAL BY CENTRIFUGATION AND HEAT TREATMENT |
ZA946711B (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-04-20 | Riviana Foods Inc | Apparatus and method for food products |
AUPP117597A0 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 1998-01-29 | Wallace, George Robert | Agricultural crop drier |
FI104444B (en) | 1998-07-02 | 2000-01-31 | Valmet Corp | Method and apparatus for drying cellulose |
-
2006
- 2006-05-22 DE DE200610024144 patent/DE102006024144A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-02-28 DK DK07722957.3T patent/DK2024701T3/en active
- 2007-02-28 WO PCT/EP2007/001704 patent/WO2007134656A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-02-28 EP EP07722957.3A patent/EP2024701B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK2024701T3 (en) | 2013-09-08 |
WO2007134656A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
DE102006024144A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
EP2024701A1 (en) | 2009-02-18 |
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