EP2024583A1

EP2024583A1 - Step element, staircase with step elements, and method for producing a step element

Info

Publication number: EP2024583A1
Application number: EP07729714A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rainer Hardegger
Original assignee: Tritt und Schritt GmbH
Current assignee: Tritt und Schritt GmbH
Priority date: 2006-05-31
Filing date: 2007-05-31
Publication date: 2009-02-18
Also published as: DE202007019369U1; WO2007138094A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a step element (10) for a self-supporting staircase (40) that displays a face (2) for forming a step edge and a step surface (1) for providing a standing surface. In addition, said step element (10) displays supporting surfaces (7, 8) that are parallel to one another and diagonally opposite the step surface (1) on which supporting surfaces of adjacent step elements of the staircase (40) can be fixed for the adjustment, without a step, of step height (H) and length (L) of the standing surface. A block of material (30) has a cross section designed as a parallelogram in such a way that it can be separated by at least three connecting cuts (35, 36, 36) into two halves (38, 39), with each half (38, 39) forming a step element (10).

Description

Step element, stairs with step elements and method for producing a step element

The invention relates to a step element for a preferably self-supporting staircase ACCORDING to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a staircase with such step elements. Then, the invention relates to a method for producing a step element. Such step elements are also referred to as step stones, but the choice of material remains open. In addition to natural or artificial stone such as concrete, step elements could also consist of wood or other materials.

Stairs made of step stones or block steps for overcoming height differences in open terrain or in rooms have long been known. In order to be able to comfortably walk a staircase, a stepping ratio of 63 cm should be maintained as far as possible. This tread ratio is calculated according to the so-called step mass formula as the sum of the length and depth of the tread surface and the double height of a step. In order to comply with this condition, a predetermined length of the tread surface must be provided at a step height predetermined by the height of the step stone. Thus, for a staircase with a predetermined slope to provide a step stone with a cross section, which has very specific dimensions. In order to achieve a different staircase or a different stair slope, no subsequent adjustments to the dimensions of the step stone are possible. This means that you have to make a step stone with appropriate dimensions for each slope of a staircase. Such step elements must then be kept in stock, which is costly and laborious. In addition, the production of such step elements, especially if this are made in one piece from natural stone, very costly, and there is a lot of waste on the stone.

A generic comparable step element has become known from the patent DD 136 990. The step element has an approximately rectangular tread portion, on the end side two oppositely angled, the riser determining legs are integrally formed. These legs have mutually parallel slopes, forming the bearing surfaces for adjacent step elements. By moving along the inclined support surfaces of adjacent step elements, the step height and the length of the tread surface of a staircase can be adjusted continuously. These step elements are relatively difficult to produce due to their complex shape. Further, when using e.g. Natural stone waste.

It is therefore an object of the invention to avoid the disadvantages of the known, in particular to provide a step element of the type mentioned, which can be produced easily and as possible without loss of material. In the production should continue to incur as little waste. This object is achieved according to the invention with a step element having the features in claim 1.

The step element can be an integrally formed component (abbreviated to step stone). A block of material whose outline or cross section is designed as a parallelogram with a shorter and a longer diagonal, so can be halved so that at the same time arise during the separation process two step elements. The cuts may have an approximately Z-shaped configuration. In this way, a step element can be produced in a simple manner. The fact that in each case two halves or step elements in cross-section to form a parallel lelogram are composable, step elements can also be stored and transported to save space. A longer parallelogram side may form a bottom of the step element; the shorter parallelogram sides divided by the cuts can form the bearing surfaces. Each cut in the block of material can yield the face and the tread.

On the support surface in each case parallel to each other and approximately perpendicular to the tread surfaces connect. In this case, one of the surfaces may be the end face and the other surface form a visible surface of a riser section of the step element. This riser portion may be integrally formed with a main portion for specifying a tread. The riser section may be a thickening which may have the shape of a triangle in cross-section.

The face and the visible surface can be about the same height. This results when the tread surface in cross section is approximately on the shorter diagonal of the parallelogram. The at least three contiguous sections can thus provide the end face, the tread surface and the visible surface.

Between tread surface and visible surface inclined by an inclination inclined surface can be arranged. The angle of inclination may preferably be about 45 °. Of course, other angles of inclination are conceivable.

Alternatively, the object can also be achieved by a step element having the features of claim 6.

In the riser section or support section of the step element, cuts running parallel to the visible surface can be arranged. be net. The incisions can form teeth that can be broken off.

At least one elongate recess may be formed in the lower side or in the lower large surface of the step element. This recess may extend in the longitudinal direction or parallel to the front edge of the tread.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a staircase with step elements, which are arranged in a row behind each other and connected to each other. Characterized in that abutting bearing surfaces of adjacent step elements form sliding surfaces, the step height and the length of the tread surface of the stairs can be adjusted in a simple manner.

Another aspect of the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a step element for a staircase. For the production of the step element, a block of material in the form of a parallelepiped or a block of material with a parallelogram-shaped outline or cross section is provided. The material block can be made of natural or artificial stone or wood. Of course, other materials are conceivable. The block of material can be cut into two halves by means of at least three contiguous cuts, so that each half is a step element.

Further advantages and individual features of the invention will become apparent from the drawings and the following description of exemplary embodiments. Show it:

1 shows a side view of a block of material, FIG. 2 shows a step element, produced from the material block according to FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 shows a staircase with step elements in a first embodiment,

FIG. 4 shows a staircase with step elements in a second embodiment,

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a staircase with step elements,

FIG. 6 shows a perspective view and enlargement of one of the step elements of the staircase according to FIG. 5,

Figure 7 is a side view of two step elements of Figure 5, as they can be installed at different pitch angles, and

Figure 8 is a side view of two step elements, as they can be cut out of a block.

FIG. 1 shows a material block 30 in a side view, which evidently has a parallelogram-shaped contour or cross section with diagonals D 1, D 2 of different lengths. By halving the parallelogram two identically designed step elements 10 can be generated. The dividing line for halving the block 30 is essentially defined by three contiguous sections 35, 36 and 37. As is apparent from Figure 1, the cuts 35 and 36 are parallel to each other, and the longitudinal section 37 is evidently about on the diagonal Dl, whereby an approximately Z-shaped cutting or cutting line is formed.

FIG. 2 shows a single step element 10. The step element 10 has an end face 2, to which a tread surface 1 adjoins at right angles. The tread 1 thus runs approximately horizontally, the end face 2 is approximately vertical. Parallel to the end face 2 extends a designated 13 visible surface. The designated 7 and 8, obliquely to the tread 1 extending surfaces are evidently also parallel to each other, where they are in the position according to Figure 1 on the shorter sides of the parallelogram. The longer side of the parallelogram forms an underside 16 of the step element 10.

FIG. 3 shows a staircase 40 with step elements 10. The step elements 10, 10 'and 10' 'are connected to one another via their contact surfaces 7, 8. The end face 2 form evidently partially a tread edge of the stairs. The support surfaces 7, 8 form sliding surfaces, whereby a displacement of the step elements is possible. By moving the step elements along the support surfaces up the stairs 40 can be prepared according to Figure 4. Evidently, this staircase has a larger step height H. On the other hand, the contact surface L is shortened, since there is an undercut in this arrangement (indicated by a dashed vertical line). Evidently, the entrance and exit elements 10 'and 10 "differ from the step elements 10 located therebetween.

Figure 5 shows in perspective a staircase of step stones 10 according to the present invention. The term "step stone" makes it clear that the step element is an integrally formed building block, but this term has no influence on the choice of material. Depending on the field of application, it is up to the skilled person to produce step elements or step stones made of artificial or natural stone, metal, wood or other materials. The respective step stone 10 has a base body 3. This base body 3 has on its upper side a substantially horizontally extending tread surface 1. The stepped stone base body 3 also has an end face 2, which adjoins a first longitudinal edge 18 of the tread surface 1. In the illustrated example, the end face 2 adjoins the front longitudinal edge 18 of the tread surface 1.

The step stone 10 has a main section 5 whose cross-section is substantially wedge-shaped (FIG. 6). The tread surface 1 of the step stone 10 forms a section of a first or upper large area of the wedge 5. The second large surface of the wedge 5 represents the underside 16 of the step stone 10. The narrow surface or base of the wedge 5 represents the end face 2 of the step stone 10 The step stone 10 further comprises a thickening 4, which is located in the region of the tip of the wedge-shaped main section 5 of the step block 10. This thickening 4 rises above a plane τ in which the tread surface 1 of the step stone 10 is located. The thickening 4 forms a support section or riser section of the step stone 10.

The cross section of the support section or riser section 4 has the shape of a right triangle. The first catheter 12 of this triangle 4 lies in the already mentioned plane τ, in which the tread surface 1 is located. The second catheter 13 of the right-angled triangle 4 extends above the plane τ and thus also over the tread 1. At the location of the plane τ, from which the second catheter 13 projects, is located a second or rear longitudinal edge 6 of the tread surface 1. The second catheter 13 of the triangle 4 defines a visible surface of the tesserum 10. The hypotenuse 14 and the first catheter 12 include an angle α of 26.5 °. Thus, the angle β between the hypotenuse 14 and the second catheter 13 of the triangle is 63.5 °. The hypotenuse 14 of the triangle 4 defines a first support surface 7 of the step stone 10. This first support surface is thus located in the upper region of the rear portion of the step stone 10th

A second bearing surface 8 of the step stone 10 is located in the lower region of the front portion of the step stone 10, and it extends between the end face 2 of the step stone 10 and the bottom 16 thereof. The bearing surfaces 7 and 8 are plan, they run parallel to each other, and they close with the tread 1 of the step block 10 an angle α. This angle α between the tread surface 1 and the rear support surface 7 is 26.5 °. The front bearing surface 8 is associated with the end face 2 so that the angle α between the tread surface and the front bearing surface 8 has 26.5 °. In this way it can be achieved that the rear support surface 7 and the front support surface 8 are parallel to each other.

Such contact surfaces 7 and 8 allow a continuous adjustment of the step height Hl and the Ll of the tread surface. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, the length or depth L1 of the tread surface corresponds to the length of the tread surface 1. The first of these bearing surfaces 7 is referred to here as the rear or upper bearing surface, and the second bearing surface 8 is referred to here as the front or lower bearing surface , The transverse dimensions of the surfaces 1, 2, 7, 8, 13 and 16 are chosen so that in compliance with the tread of 63 cm and the angle α between the tread surface 1 and the first support surface 7 itself an angle ß of 63.5 ° between the first bearing surface 7 and the viewing surface 13 results.

In the case shown, an elongate recess 17 in the lower large area or bottom 16 of the step block 10 is executed. This recess 17 extends parallel to the long edges 6 and 18 of the tread surface 1. This recess 17 is designed as a groove having a semicircular cross-section. Reinforcing iron (not shown) may be housed and secured in such recesses 17.

The step stone 10 also has an opposite to the tread surface 1 obliquely upwardly extending surface 15, which extends between the tread surface 1 and the visible surface 13 of the step stone 10. This oblique surface 15 encloses an angle of advantageously 45 ° with the tread surface 1, and it is intended to reinforce this narrowest or weakest region of the turret 10.

In Figure 7 it is shown how two successive step stones 10 of a staircase according to the present invention can be moved against each other steplessly when a slope Sl or a slope S2 of stairs with the same tread with the help of a step stone 10 with given cross-sectional dimensions should be realized. FIG. 7 shows, in particular, how the step stones 10 can be displaced relative to one another when the slopes S1 or S2 of the stairs are to be adjusted. In the change of the position of the step stones to each other, the second support surface 8 of the top step stone 10 slides on or along the first support surface 7 of the underlying step stone 10. Despite the said displacement of the step stones 10, the horizontal position of the tread surface 1 does not change. During said displacement of the step stones 10 to each other, the Face 2 of the upper stage relative to the visible surface 13 of the lower stage in three basic positions reach. In the first of these layers, the end face 2 and the visible surface 13 lie one above the other, ie in a common vertical plane. This can represent a normal case in which the end face 2 and the visible surface 13 forms the setting surface 9 of the staircase.

In the second of said layers, the end face 2 of the upper step 10 is in front of the visible surface 13 of the lower step 10 and thus forms an undercut. This case is shown in FIG. This can also be considered as a normal case. In the third of said layers, the end face 2 of the upper step 10 is set back relative to the visible face 13 of the lower step 10. Such a staircase would hardly be walkable because one would stumble over the protruding visible surface 13 of the lower step. So that the present step stone 10 can also be used in such situations, the support section 4 is designed in a special way.

The support section 4 has parallel incisions 20, 21, 22 and 23 (FIG. 6). These incisions 20 to 23 are virtually parallel to the visible surface 13 of the support portion 4. The depth of the incisions 20 to 23 decreases gradually, with the first and the visible surface 13 closest to incision 20 is lowest. By contrast, the last incision 23 is the least deep. The outer ends of the incisions 20 to 23 are located in the bearing surface 7 on the support section 4. The inner ends of the incisions 20 to 23 are, as is apparent, approximately in the region of that plane τ, in which the tread surface 1 is located.

Between each two adjacent cuts 20 to 23 are each a tooth 25, 26, 27 and 28. The upper or free ends of these teeth 25 are in the first bearing surface 7. The length of the teeth 25 to 28 decreases, with the first or of the visible surface 13 closest tooth 25 is the longest or highest. By contrast, the last tooth 28 is the least high. When the last-mentioned case occurs, the teeth 25 to 28 beginning with the highest tooth 25 are broken off until the front side surface of one of the teeth 25 to 28 lies either in the same plane as the end surface 2 of the upper stage 10 or opposite it to the right (Figure 7) is set back. By breaking off the teeth, either the first or the second of the aforementioned cases is achieved, these two cases representing walk-in stairs. The front side surface of the remaining tooth represents the visible surface 13 of this step stone 10. After the demolition of certain teeth, the tread surface 1 of this step stone 10 can be aftertreated so that it is flat to its new visible surface 13. The skilled person is of course clear that to solve the problem set according to the invention can be dispensed with such incisions or teeth.

The setting surface 9 is in two cases in all these cases, by always composed of the end face 2 and the visible surface 13 of two successive step stones. Depending on the horizontal position of the step stones 10 to each other, the end face 2 and the visible surface 13 of the two successive step stones 10, as already stated, in the vertical direction either superimposed or staggered.

To produce the step stone 10, first of all a material block 30 having a parallelogram-shaped cross section or contour is provided, which is shown in plan view in FIG. This material block 30 has side surfaces 31, 32, 33 and 34 on. In each case 2 of the opposite side surfaces 31 and 33 or 32 and 34 are the same length. In the illustrated case, the side surfaces 32 and 34 of the second of said pairs are shorter than the side surfaces 31 and 33 of the first pair of sides. The acute angle γ of the parallelogram 30, which lies between one of the shorter side surfaces and one of the longer side surfaces, is the previously calculated 45 °. The block 30 has two diagonals D1 and D2, the second diagonal D2 being shorter than the first diagonal D1.

There is a respective incision 35 or 36 in the material block 30. The respective section 35 or 36 is set in one of the shorter sides 32 and 34 of the parallelogram 30, so that these cuts 35 and 36 in opposite directions and parallel to each other , The incision angle relative to the respective block wall 32 or 34 corresponds to the angle β on the rear support surface 7 of the support section 4 of the step stone 10. The cuts 35 and 36 are virtually perpendicular to the longer diagonal Dl of the material block 30. The depth of cut is set so that the inside lying end of each incision 35 and 36 is practically on the longer diagonal Dl. Practically along this longer diagonal Dl is another cut or a longitudinal section 37 in the material block 30, which connects the inner ends of the transverse cuts 35 and 36. The heights of the sipes 35 and 36 can thus be about the same length. Through this longitudinal section 37 of the block of material 30 is cut to two halves 38 and 39, wherein the respective block half 38 and 39 forms an already finished step stone. The production of the step stones 10 is carried out in such a method, therefore, that virtually no waste occurs on the stone. The finished stones 10 already have the cuts 20 to 23 and the teeth 25 to 28. Said incisions 20 to 23 can be carried out in advance to the block 30 in two halves 38 and 39 separating incisions 35 to 37. However, said incisions 20 to 23 can also be carried out only in the respective step stone 10 after they have been separated from each other by the above separating cuts 35 to 37. Of course, can be completely dispensed with the aforementioned cuts.

Claims

claims

1. step element (10) for a preferably self-supporting staircase (40) with an end face (2) for at least partially forming a tread edge and a tread surface (1) for specifying a tread surface, wherein it is parallel to each other and diagonally opposite the tread surface (1) extending support surfaces (7, 8), to which for stepless adjustment of the step height (H) and the length of the tread surface (L) contact surfaces of adjacent step elements of the staircase (40) can be hit, characterized in that the step element (10) by the division a block of material (30) is obtainable in two halves (38, 39) by means of at least three contiguous cuts (35, 36, 36) whose outline or cross section is designed as a parallelogram with a shorter and a longer diagonal (D1, D2), wherein each half (38, 39) forms a step element (10).

Second step element (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that on the bearing surfaces (7, 8) each zueinender parallel and approximately perpendicular to the tread surface (1) connecting surfaces, one of the surfaces is the end face (2) and the other Surface forms a visible surface (13) of a riser section (4) of the step element.

Third step element (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the riser section in cross section has the shape of a right triangle, wherein the hypotenuse of the triangle, the support surface (7) and a catheter of the triangle, the visible surface (13).

4. step element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the end face (2) and the visible surface (13) are approximately equal.

5. step element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between the tread surface (1) and the visible surface (13) inclined by an inclination inclined surface (15) is arranged, wherein the inclination angle is preferably about 45 °.

6. step element (10), in particular step stone for a staircase in particular according to one of claims 1 to 5, with a substantially horizontally extending tread surface (1) and with an end face (2) which extends to a first longitudinal edge

(18) adjoins the tread surface (1), wherein planar support surfaces (7, 8) are provided on the step element, which allow a continuous adjustment of the step height (H) and the length of the tread surface (L), characterized in that the base body (3 ) of the step element (10) has a main section (5) whose cross-section is substantially wedge-shaped, that the tread surface (1) of the step element (10) forms a portion of a first or upper major surface of the wedge (5) that a second large area of the wedge (5) the underside (16) of the main body (3) of the step element (10) represents that the narrow surface or base area (9) of the wedge (5) represents at least a portion of the end face of the step element (10) the base body (3) of the step element (10) further comprises a thickening (4), that this thickening is in the region of the tip of the wedge-shaped main portion (5) of the base body (3) of the step element (10) and sic h above the tread surface (1) of the step element rises, and that the thickening of a support portion (4) of the step element (10) bi.

7. step element according to claim 6, characterized in that the cross section through the support portion (4) has the shape of a right triangle that the first catheter (12) of this triangle (4) in the same plane (τ) as the tread surface (1) is that the second catheter (13) of the right-angled triangle (4) in the region of the second or rear longitudinal edge (6) of the tread surface (1) is arranged extending therefrom and a visible surface (13) of the step element

(10), and that the hypotenuse (14) of this triangle defines the first bearing surface (7) of the step element (10).

8. step element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that extending the second bearing surface (8) between the end face (2) of the step element (10) and a bottom side (16) thereof, that the bearing surfaces (7, 8) parallel to each other and that these bearing surfaces (7, 8) with the tread surface (1) of the step element (10) forms an angle (α) of about 30 °.

9. step element according to one of claims 2 to 5 or 7 to 8, characterized in that the support section or the riser section (4) has mutually parallel incisions (20, 21, 22, 23) that these incisions (20, 21 , 22, 23) run parallel to the visible surface (13) of the support section or riser section (4) so that the depth of the cuts (20, 21, 22, 23) gradually decreases, the first or the visible surface (13) on next lying incision (20) at the lowest and the last incision (23) least deep, that the outer ends of these incisions (20, 21, 22, 23) in the first bearing surface (7) of the Auflagerabschnitts (4) lie, and that the inner ends of the incisions (20, 21, 22, 23) are approximately in the region of that plane (τ), in which also the tread surface (1).

10. step element according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one elongated recess 17 in the lower large area or bottom (16) of the step element (10) is executed and that this recess

(17) extends parallel to the front edge (18) of the tread surface (1).

11. step element according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the base body (3) of the step element (10) opposite the tread surface (1) obliquely upwardly extending surface (15), that this inclined surface between the tread surface (1 ) and the visible surface (13), and that this inclined surface (15) with the tread surface (1) forms an angle of advantageously 45 °.

12. staircase with step elements (10, 10 ', 10' '), which are interconnected, wherein they have at least two step elements

(10) with an end face (2) for at least partially forming a tread edge and a tread surface (1) for specifying a tread surface, in particular according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the at least two step elements (10) are formed identically and to a parallelogram in cross-section body can be assembled, and that the step elements (10) parallel to each other and at an angle to the tread surface (1) extending support surfaces (7, 8), wherein the bearing surfaces (7, 8) for continuously adjusting the step height (H) and the length of the step Area (L) sliding surfaces for two adjacent step elements (10, 10 ', 10'') form.

13. A method for producing a step element for a staircase (40), in particular a step element according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a material block (30) is provided with a parallelogram-shaped outline, which by means of at least three contiguous sections (35 , 36, 36) (30) is cut into two halves (38, 39) such that each half is a step element (10).

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that each an incision (35, 36) are guided in such a way from two opposite sides of the parallelogram forth in the material block (30), that the opposite incisions (35, 36) parallel to each other and in longitudinal section are approximately perpendicular to the longer diagonal (Dl), and that a third cut (37) is performed, which connects the inner ends of the incisions (35, 36) with each other.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that in cross section of the third section (37) extends on the longer diagonal (Dl) of the parallelogram.

16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that sets of mutually parallel incisions (20, 21, 22, 23) in one of the end parts

(4) of the step element (10) are executed.