EP2022698B1 - Method and surveillance system for managing rail tracks - Google Patents

Method and surveillance system for managing rail tracks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2022698B1
EP2022698B1 EP08013222A EP08013222A EP2022698B1 EP 2022698 B1 EP2022698 B1 EP 2022698B1 EP 08013222 A EP08013222 A EP 08013222A EP 08013222 A EP08013222 A EP 08013222A EP 2022698 B1 EP2022698 B1 EP 2022698B1
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Prior art keywords
track
acceleration
rail
acceleration data
data
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2022698A3 (en
EP2022698A2 (en
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Baldur Rögener
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Priority to SI200830112T priority Critical patent/SI2022698T1/en
Priority to PL08013222T priority patent/PL2022698T3/en
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Publication of EP2022698A3 publication Critical patent/EP2022698A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
    • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
    • B61L23/042—Track changes detection
    • B61L23/047—Track or rail movements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E01B35/12—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for measuring movement of the track or of the components thereof under rolling loads, e.g. depression of sleepers, increase of gauge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a monitoring system for the operation of rail tracks, especially in the field of temporary support systems for the track or the track body, in the course of a holistic monitoring of support systems in the field of rail tracks for controlling and regulating the railway operation.
  • the permeability of deformation values and their dependent permissible overrun speeds are relevant, which are specified in relevant directives and regulations. These can not be determined and determined solely by a purely static measurement of the track geometry. Accordingly, it is still indispensable in railway operations that experienced experts test the passing of temporary support systems with rail vehicles in practice, with the crossing initially started at stepping pace and slowly increased to experience the dynamic conditions when driving over the support system experience. During later driving operation, the geometry of the track position (track geometry) and the participating components of the support systems must then be readjusted time and again in order to recognize adverse effects of settlements in good time and if necessary to be able to initiate countermeasures.
  • the US 5,743,495 discloses a generic method and a generic device for detecting rail breaks and flat runners in a passing of trains.
  • the rail body is checked with regard to material fracture, including a hammer signal given to the rail and a vibration measurement is performed with a commercially available accelerometer.
  • the vibration signal is displayed on a monitor.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a method and a monitoring system for the operation of rail tracks, with the critical track positions can be monitored and with which it is possible in particular on temporary support systems, the limits for warning and alarm in deformations of the To detect support system to increase in this way the speed of passing and / or to be able to replace the apparent and manual monitoring of a critical track section by an automatic system that can be reliably used even in adverse weather conditions and thus ensures safe operation.
  • the acceleration data can be used to determine deformation values and thus for evaluation for the regulation or control of the driveability of the rail track or a rail vehicle with safe operational management.
  • the present invention relates to the holistic monitoring of support systems in the field of rail tracks and is used to control and regulate the railway operation.
  • the present invention complements the parallel invention according to the above-mentioned DE 10 2006 043 043.3 .
  • deformations in the bearing systems of the integrated track consisting of rails (track grid, track bed with earth and dams, structures such as bridges) and foundations are recognized and from this the compliance with the limit values for the drivability of the track is monitored, the evaluated acceleration data be used for controlling and controlling the railway operation, for example, for selectively influencing the travel path (deformation compensation) and / or for controlling the movement of rail vehicles.
  • the aforementioned acceleration data can be used, in particular, to control and / or regulate the named support systems themselves in order to at least partially compensate the measured deformations.
  • a corresponding adaptation, control and / or regulation based on the acceleration data mentioned can be made, for example by an active tilt control.
  • Another possible influence on the railway operation consists in a signal path control of the track and / or a speed influence of rail vehicles.
  • Time-resolved recording and evaluation of the acceleration data to change the track geometry also allows for taking into account the time course of the acceleration data to draw conclusions on a temporal change in the track geometry in the sense of deformations of the track position and the negotiability of the track in the monitoring area and a corresponding management to induce.
  • the development of the acquired acceleration data is carried out in a development of the invention with regard to deformation values of the track geometry and the trafficability dependent thereon and / or a maximum permissible passing speed of the rail track in the monitored area.
  • this evaluation is carried out automatically by a data processing device which constantly evaluates the currently obtained acceleration data.
  • empirical values and existing safety regulations can be taken into account in the evaluation, so that based on the acceleration data, in particular their change in or around the crossing of a rail vehicle, the maximum permissible overspeed for safety reasons and possibly also the trafficability can be determined.
  • corrective measures may for example be an additional stiffening or a relining of individual supports.
  • acceleration data which are detected in a time resolved during a crossing of the monitoring area with a rail vehicle
  • further parameters of the crossing such as weight and speed of the rail vehicle can be included in development of the present invention to the dynamic conditions during the crossing as completely as possible and reproducible to capture and evaluate.
  • the evaluated acceleration data provide information about the deformation values and their controllability and / or a maximum permissible overspeed per se and furthermore about the corrective measures to be taken and / or signaling and operation control for the rail infrastructure in the monitored area.
  • the data can be issued in a development of the present invention by a control unit, for example, to a control system of the rail infrastructure and a signal system or to a telecommunications device, with which the data are then further reported.
  • a development of the monitoring system according to the invention provides that the control unit is connected to a rail traffic control system and / or a signal system and / or a telecommunication system.
  • acoustic and / or visual displays such as auxiliary signals or the like, can be activated or activated, for example, in order to draw attention to an existing dangerous situation.
  • INDUSI safety devices which are known per se can also be supplied with the acquired acceleration data or data values derived therefrom, in order to influence the speed of rail vehicles.
  • Control systems are controlled, for example, adjustable supports to compensate for detected changes in the track automatically.
  • a control loop is preferably formed according to the present invention, which is formed from an adjustment system for the support structure of the track of the track body and / or support of the rails (for example, a fixed carriageway) and optionally further underlying components, and Furthermore, the sensor for detecting the acceleration data and the data processing device with control unit comprises. This results in a particularly advantageous self-regulating and additionally monitored support structure for the rail track. Such can be used as an auxiliary support system, which allows much higher speeds than previously allowed.
  • a temporary support system when used in a further development of the invention as a support system having a frozen body support structure with or without composite support, the present invention provides particular advantages in the presence of the aforementioned control circuits. It is known that freezers have the property of creeping over time, so that countermeasures must be taken for the stability of the auxiliary support structure, such as prestressing of composite supports or changing the operating data of refrigeration body maintenance aggregates, for example a lowering of the freezing temperature.
  • Such a temporary support system, in which the present invention can be advantageously used is in the DE 44 21 461 C2 to which reference is expressly made.
  • a frozen body support structure is used with or without composite support, and that its support and / or composite support bearings and / or maintenance units are driven with the evaluated acceleration data to form a control loop.
  • a development of the monitoring system according to the invention is characterized in that the supporting structure of the track or the track body is a temporary support system with a frozen body and that the adjustment system comprises maintenance units of the frozen body.
  • the sensory detection of acceleration data of the track position is carried out according to the invention using corresponding acceleration sensors, preferably designed for detecting acceleration data in three spatial directions.
  • Magnetic-inductive acceleration sensors, piezoelectric acceleration sensors, micromechanical acceleration sensors, other conventional mechanical acceleration sensors or future developments in the field of acceleration measurement can be used as acceleration sensors.
  • the acceleration sensors are intended to display both periodically recurring fast movements, ie oscillating movements, as well as slow and over a longer period resulting changes in position.
  • the acceleration sensors listed above are substantially insensitive to the weather during operation.
  • One or more of the acceleration sensors may be disposed on the rail, or may be attached to special pivoting arms or other approaching devices that are moved toward the rail or other part of the track for measurement or data acquisition.
  • stop elements also called directional finding provided, which interact with the acceleration sensors preferably inductive, ie non-contact, so that a measurement of accelerations of the track geometry over a substantially spatially or spatially fixed reference frame preferably in three Spaces X, Y, Z is vorOSEbar, preferably in three mutually perpendicular directions in space.
  • the pivot arms or approach devices can in turn z.
  • longitudinal beams pivotally mounted (anchored) in the ground and has facilities for particular tachymetric determination of its spatial position, such as tachymeter.
  • the longitudinal beam can in turn be carried by at least one introduced into the track body elevator pile.
  • a special embodiment of the monitoring system according to the invention provides that the approach device is designed as a pivot arm, which is pivotable about a pivot axis perpendicular to this to approach the acceleration sensor to a part of the track position, in particular to the rail in the plane of the track.
  • a corresponding development of the monitoring system according to the invention provides that its data processing device is designed so that it emits a warning signal detected by the Tragsystemsensoren movements of the temporary support system via the control unit or otherwise causes an operation control of the rail track in the surveillance area or controls a rail vehicle , Furthermore, it can be provided that on the temporary support system controllable stiffening elements are provided, which are connected to the control unit of the monitoring system, wherein the data processing device is configured so that it activates and controls the stiffening elements in detected by the Tragsystemsensoren movements of the temporary support system via the control unit ,
  • the consideration of movement data of the temporary support system in the evaluation of the acceleration data is not limited to the warning function described above. It may well be normal or even desirable for the temporary support system to move when crossing a rail vehicle. The extent, type and duration of this movement can thereby important additional information for the inventive evaluation of acceleration data, for example, with respect to the deformation values and a dependent driveability and / or the maximum allowable speed of the rail track over the temporary support system or with respect to a control function of rail vehicles represent.
  • the invention is not limited to monitoring temporary support systems.
  • the monitoring system according to the invention and the corresponding method are also suitable for a particularly constant monitoring of "normal" rail tracks and rail vehicles.
  • the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention can also be used advantageously in monorail systems, for example magnetic levitation railways.
  • it can be ensured, for example, by regulating a traction vehicle with regard to its speed as a function of a position difference relative to the travel path, that an inserted linear motor smoothly slides.
  • the acceleration data are used to actively influence the position or inclination of a rail vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows in plan view schematically a rail track comprising a track or a track layer 1, which is formed from two rails 2 and sleepers 3, wherein the rails 2 are fastened in a conventional manner by means of attachment of the respective upper form 4, 5 on the sleepers 3.
  • auxiliary bridge 6 represents a temporary support system for the track position 1 and which rests on an abutment 7.
  • an acceleration sensor 8 is arranged in each case, which is preferably designed as a magnetically inductive acceleration sensor and, moreover, is capable of sensory detect accelerations of the track layer 1 in three spatial directions.
  • the individual acceleration sensors 8 are connected to a data processing device in ( FIG. 1 not shown) wirelessly or by cable, which will be described later on the basis of FIGS. 3 and 4 will be discussed in more detail.
  • a data processing device in FIG. 1 not shown
  • the invention is not limited to such an embodiment of the rail track, but also includes all other types of rail tracks, z. As a solid roadway or the like.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1 again the arrangement of the acceleration sensors 8 on the rails 2 of the track position 1.
  • the arrangement of the acceleration sensors 8 is by no means based on the embodiment shown by way of example FIG. 2 limited. Rather, according to the invention, it is merely necessary for the acceleration sensors 8 to be attached to the track layer 1 in such a way that, in particular, they detect dynamic changes in the track position or the track geometry over the occurring and inventively detected (Relative) can show accelerations.
  • Other suitable embodiments of the sensor arrangement are in the FIGS. 5 and 6 shown.
  • the in the Figures 1 and 2 illustrated measurement arrangement for sensory detection of movements of the track position 1 or changes in the track geometry (deformations) is thus based on a total consideration of the acceleration values that are supplied by the individual acceleration sensors 8, capable of data on the movements resulting along the track position 1 or to deliver the forces acting there and thus also over the particularly relevant twisting of the track layer 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of a similar track section as in the Figures 1 and 2 , wherein the auxiliary bridge 6 is shown here in more detail.
  • a head bar 10 and a bearing 11 is provided on the Verbauwand 9.
  • Tragsystemsensoren 12 are mounted, such as strain gauges to detect deformations of the support system auxiliary bridge 6 on a Verbauwand or other support systems of individual support elements or the entire auxiliary support system, especially when crossing a rail vehicle.
  • the detected movement data are output to a data processing device 13 with control unit 14, wherein the data processing device 13 moreover with the in FIG. 3 not explicitly shown acceleration sensors 8 in the area of the track position 1 is in signaling active connection, which is in FIG. 3 is symbolized by corresponding dashed connecting lines. For the sake of clarity in FIG. 3 as in FIG. 4 not explicitly shown for all acceleration sensors 8.
  • the control unit 14 controls on the basis of the evaluated results, that is to say those results which result from the joint evaluation of the detected movement data of the auxiliary bridge 6 and the acceleration data of the track position 1, an adjusting motor 15, which increases the bearing 11 by means of a spindle contained therein (not shown), if necessary, to counteract, for example, a setting of the Verbauwand 9 automatically.
  • the control of the adjustment motor 15 is regulated via the acceleration data of the acceleration sensors 8 and the movement data of the support system sensors 12 in a control loop.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further example of the use of the device according to the invention with reference to a representation which is essentially that in FIG. 3 equivalent.
  • the auxiliary bridge consists of a frozen body 16 with composite carriers 17.
  • Under the freezer body 16 a reinforced concrete frame is pressed through as a press-through body 18 in order to produce an underpass under the track.
  • the track section is monitored by means of a number of acceleration sensors 8 and by means of carrying system sensors 12 which are attached to the press-through body 18 and to the composite carriers 17 in accordance with the data processing device 13 jointly evaluating the respective measured data.
  • the control unit 14, which in turn is supplied by the data processing device 13 with corresponding instructions, acts in the embodiment of FIG. 4 to a control of the freezer body 16, for example via a temperature control or a bias of the composite support 17, so that in turn forms a control loop, which allows it in normal operation to overrun the illustrated track section at much higher speeds than previously possible.
  • the rail track can be automatically assigned or blocked with a reduction in the permissible travel speed, as soon as the data processing device 13 determines the exceeding of certain limits of the processed acceleration and movement data, for example based on deformation values, which via suitable optical and / or acoustic displays ( as auxiliary signals, not shown) can be communicated.
  • FIG. 5 shows on the basis of a sectional view of the presentation technology approximately those in FIG. 2 corresponds to a further embodiment of the monitoring system according to the invention, wherein like elements with the same reference numerals were provided. In the present case, only the essential differences between the embodiments according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 explicitly entered.
  • a longitudinal beam 20 is mounted, in particular the associated plan view in FIG. 6 can be seen.
  • the longitudinal beam 20 carries at defined intervals x (see. FIG. 6 ), z. B. after every third threshold 3, pivot arms 21 which are hinged centrally below the longitudinal beam 20 and whose length I (see. FIG. 6 ) is smaller than the gauge of the track.
  • two half-arms may alternatively be articulated to the longitudinal beam 20, the length of which corresponds to approximately half the track width in each case.
  • the swing arm 21 carries at its ends in each case a three-dimensionally measuring acceleration sensor 22.
  • the overall arrangement of the pivot arm 21 and acceleration sensor 22 is designed such that the acceleration sensors 22 zoom out swung arm 21 almost to the respective rail web of the rails 2, as in FIG. 5 is shown. In this position, the acceleration sensors 22 can be used to detect accelerations acting on the rails 2 or of the track layer 1, as will be shown in more detail below.
  • the pivot arms 21 can be pivoted or folded, so that they extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal beam 20.
  • the height piles 19 are at a certain distance x, for example, every 6 m, within the threshold compartments via a short protective tube 23, which may be formed, for example, as an introduced into the gravel area of the track empty tube, rammed into the stable ground 24 stable.
  • a number of bearing elements or dipsticks 25 are fastened to the rails 2, which interact with the 3-D acceleration sensors 22 when the swivel arm 21 is swiveled out, for example by magnetic induction.
  • the acceleration sensors disposed at the respective ends of the swing arms 21 22 scan the fixed to the rail web of the rails 2 bearing elements 25 for detecting acceleration data of the track position in three mutually perpendicular directions in space X, Y and Z from.
  • 19 tachymeter mirrors 26 are arranged on the longitudinal beam 20 in the area of the vertical piles, which enable a tachymetric 3-D position monitoring.
  • the created monitoring system can be readjusted at a change in position at any time.
  • the present invention is not limited to the monitoring of railways in the area of temporary track and track support systems. Rather, the invention is also quite generally suitable for monitoring rail tracks and rail vehicles, in particular for long-term monitoring in terms of maintaining the ride comfort. In this respect, the invention can also replace so-called track gauge cars, which were previously used for this purpose.
  • the present invention which is due to the applied measuring principle (measurement of accelerations to the track geometry and the participating components of the support system) above all for monitoring dynamic effects on rail tracks, advantageously with other monitoring systems for Rail routes can be combined, which in turn are particularly suitable for monitoring static or quasi-static, that is slowly running changes to the rail track.
  • monitoring system which is capable of determining a change in the track geometry via a determination of location data, preferably optically using a laser.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves detecting acceleration data of a track bed in a monitoring area using an acceleration sensor (8), and evaluating the detected acceleration data using a data processing device with respect to a trafficability and/or maximum permissible crossing speed of a rail vehicle in the monitoring area. The evaluated acceleration data are output by a control unit for controlling optical and/or acoustical display and/or control system to control the operation of a rail-track system in the monitoring area. An independent claim is also included for a monitoring system for a rail-track system in an area of temporary support system of the track or track system.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und ein Überwachungssystem zur Betriebsführung von Schienen-Fahrwegen, insbesondere im Bereich temporärer Tragsysteme für das Gleis oder den Gleiskörper, im Zuge einer ganzheitlichen Überwachung von Tragsystemen im Bereich von Schienen-Fahrwegen zur Steuerung und Regelung des Bahnbetriebs.The present invention relates to a method and a monitoring system for the operation of rail tracks, especially in the field of temporary support systems for the track or the track body, in the course of a holistic monitoring of support systems in the field of rail tracks for controlling and regulating the railway operation.

Aus Sicherheitsgründen müssen immer dann, wenn Schienen-Fahrwege Lageveränderungen der Gleise unterworfen sind, Langsamfahrstellen eingerichtet werden, da derartige Gleisabschnitte aus Sicherheitsgründen nur mit geringer Geschwindigkeit von Schienenfahrzeugen befahren werden dürfen. Dies betrifft insbesondere Gleisabschnitte, in denen Schienen-Fahrwege über Hilfsbrücken oder dergleichen geführt werden, vor allem im Bereich von Baustellen, beispielsweise Brückensanierungen, Arbeiten an Bahndämmen oder sonstigem Untergrund und beim Bau von Eisenbahnkreuzungen gemäß Eisenbahnkreuzungsgesetz. Grund dafür ist, dass die Lagestabilität der Gleise insbesondere bei temporären Tragsystemen, also Hilfstragkonstruktionen mit ihren Auflagerungen und Verbauten, eine andere Beweglichkeit aufweisen, als beispielsweise auf einem Regeloberbau mit Schotterbett und stabilem Unterbau. Dies hat zur Folge, dass unvorhergesehene Setzungen des Tragsystems sowohl in Teilen der Tragkonstruktion mit ihren Lagern, den Stützkonstruktionen mit Verbauten, dem mitwirkenden Baugrund und dem anschließenden Hinterfüllbereich der Gleisanlage, als auch in der Gesamtheit des Tragsystems auftreten können. Als besonderes Problem für Schienenfahrzeuge ist hierbei eine unzulässige Verwindung des Gleises beim Überfahren anzusehen, die nicht in jedem Fall mit statischen Höhendifferenzen zwischen den Schienen einhergeht.For safety reasons, whenever rail tracks are subject to changes in position of the tracks, slow driving points must be set up, since such track sections may only be used by rail vehicles at low speed for safety reasons. This applies in particular to track sections in which rail tracks are routed via auxiliary bridges or the like, above all in the area of construction sites, for example bridge repairs, work on railway embankments or other surfaces and in the construction of railway crossings according to the Eisenbahnkreuzungsgesetz. The reason for this is that the positional stability of the tracks, especially in temporary support systems, ie auxiliary support structures with their supports and structures, have a different mobility than, for example, on a standard superstructure with ballast bed and stable substructure. This has the consequence that unforeseen settlements of the support system can occur both in parts of the support structure with its bearings, the support structures with structures, the cooperating ground and the subsequent backfill of the track system, as well as in the entirety of the support system. A particular problem for rail vehicles here is an impermissible distortion of the track when driving over, which is not always accompanied by static height differences between the rails.

In diesem Zusammenhang sind für die Befahrbarkeit Deformationswerte und davon abhängige, zulässige Überfahrgeschwindigkeiten relevant, die in einschlägigen Richtlinien und Vorschriften festgelegt sind. Diese können nicht allein durch eine rein statische Vermessung der Gleisgeometrie ermittelt und festgelegt werden. Dementsprechend ist es im Bahnbetrieb immer noch unverzichtbar, dass erfahrene Fachleute das Überfahren von temporären Tragsystemen mit Schienenfahrzeugen in der Praxis austesten, wobei für die Überfahrt zunächst mit Schrittgeschwindigkeit begonnen und diese langsam gesteigert wird, um die dynamischen Verhältnisse beim Überfahren des Tragsystems erfahrungsgemäß zu bewerten. Beim späteren Fahrbetrieb muss die Geometrie der Gleislage (Gleisgeometrie) und der mitwirkenden Komponenten der Tragsysteme dann immer wieder nachvermessen werden, um nachteilige Effekte von Setzungen rechtzeitig zu erkennen und gegebenenfalls Gegenmaßnahmen einleiten zu können.In this context, the permeability of deformation values and their dependent permissible overrun speeds are relevant, which are specified in relevant directives and regulations. These can not be determined and determined solely by a purely static measurement of the track geometry. Accordingly, it is still indispensable in railway operations that experienced experts test the passing of temporary support systems with rail vehicles in practice, with the crossing initially started at stepping pace and slowly increased to experience the dynamic conditions when driving over the support system experience. During later driving operation, the geometry of the track position (track geometry) and the participating components of the support systems must then be readjusted time and again in order to recognize adverse effects of settlements in good time and if necessary to be able to initiate countermeasures.

Allerdings bildet aufgrund der oben geschilderten Zusammenhänge das rein statische Vermessen der Gleisgeometrie die für die Befahrbarkeit in der Praxis relevanten dynamischen Verhältnisse nur unzulänglich ab. Daher ist es gerade im Bereich von temporären Tragsystemen oder auch bei bestehenden instabilen Schienen-Fahrwegen nach wie vor unerlässlich, Langsamfahrstellen einzurichten, selbst wenn grundsätzlich ein schnelleres Befahren des Streckenabschnitts möglich wäre. Dabei ist es nachteilig anzusehen, dass Langsamfahrstellen gerade bei den heutigen Geschwindigkeiten im Eisenbahnverkehr Zeitverluste von mehreren Minuten mit Auswirkungen auf die Fahrplanverbindlichkeit bewirken können. Man ist daher bestrebt, Langsamfahrstellen soweit wie möglich zu vermeiden.However, due to the above-described relationships, the purely static measurement of the track geometry does not adequately depict the dynamic conditions that are relevant for trafficability in practice. Therefore, even in the field of temporary support systems or even with existing unstable rail tracks it is still essential to set up slow driving, even if in principle a faster driving on the section of track would be possible. It is disadvantageous to see that slow driving just at today's speeds in rail traffic can cause loss of time of several minutes affecting the timetable liability. It is therefore desirable to avoid slow driving as far as possible.

Die US 5,743,495 offenbart ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren und eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Schienenbrüchen und Flachläufern bei einer Vorbeifahrt von Zügen.The US 5,743,495 discloses a generic method and a generic device for detecting rail breaks and flat runners in a passing of trains.

Aus der DE 10 2004 014 282 A1 ist ein rein oberbautechnisches Messkontrollverfahren zur Ermittlung einer Weichengeometrie und eines Materialverschleißes in der Weiche (Herzstück) offenbart. Dabei erfolgt eine Beschleunigungsmessung, um den Verschleißgrad der Weiche zu bestimmen und gegebenenfalls einen Wartungstermin festzusetzen oder eine Nachvermessung zu veranlassen.From the DE 10 2004 014 282 A1 is a purely superstructural measurement control method for determining a point geometry and a material wear in the switch (core) disclosed. This is an acceleration measurement, to determine the degree of wear of the switch and, if necessary, fix a maintenance date or to cause a re-measurement.

In der DE 100 65 954 A1 ist eine ebenfalls rein oberbautechnische Messkontrolle der Gleisanlage beschrieben. Dabei wird der Schienenkörper im Hinblick auf Materialbruch geprüft, wozu ein Hammersignal auf die Schiene gegeben und eine Schwingungsmessung mit einem handelsüblichen Beschleunigungsaufnehmer durchgeführt wird. Das Schwingungssignal wird auf einem Monitor dargestellt.In the DE 100 65 954 A1 a purely technical inspection of the track system is also described. In this case, the rail body is checked with regard to material fracture, including a hammer signal given to the rail and a vibration measurement is performed with a commercially available accelerometer. The vibration signal is displayed on a monitor.

Aus der deutschen Patentanmeldung 10 2006 043 043.3 desselben Anmelders, auf die vorliegend ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird, ist ein Verfahren und ein Überwachungssystem für Schienen-Fahrwege bekannt, bei dem in einem überwachten Bereich laufend Ortsdaten der Gleisgeometrie sensorisch erfasst und in einer Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung ausgewertet werden, was hinsichtlich der Befahrbarkeit und/oder der maximal zulässigen Überfahrgeschwindigkeit des Schienen-Fahrweges in dem überwachten Bereich geschieht. Anschließend werden die ausgewerteten Ortsdaten durch eine Steuerungseinrichtung ausgegeben und zum Ansteuern von optischen und/oder akustischen Anzeigen und/oder Regelsystemen verwendet. Zum sensorischen Erfassen der Ortsdaten kommt dabei gemäß der bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der genannten Patentanmeldung ein optisches Lasermessverfahren zum Einsatz, wobei ein Laser die Ortspositionen von Markierungen erfasst, die räumlich verteilt an dem Gleis angeordnet sind.From the German patent application 10 2006 043 043.3 The same applicant, to which reference is expressly made in the present case, a method and a monitoring system for rail tracks is known in which in a monitored area continuously track data of the track geometry sensory detected and evaluated in a data processing device, which in terms of driveability and / or the maximum permissible speed of the rail track in the monitored area happens. Subsequently, the evaluated location data are output by a control device and used to control optical and / or acoustic displays and / or control systems. According to the preferred embodiment of the cited patent application, an optical laser measuring method is used for sensory detection of the location data, with a laser detecting the location positions of markings which are spatially distributed on the track.

Obwohl das vorstehend beschriebene Verfahren bzw. Überwachungssystem bereits deutliche Vorteile gegenüber dem vorbekannten Stand der Technik aufweist und dabei insbesondere auch in der Lage ist, dynamische Vorgänge beim Überfahren des Schienen-Fahrweges zu berücksichtigen und für eine Betriebsführung nutzbar zu machen, hat sich in der Praxis als verbesserungswürdig herausgestellt, dass beispielsweise bei ungünstiger Witterung und damit verbundener Verschmutzung oder anderweitiger optischer Beeinträchtigung (z. B. Beschlagen von Spiegeln) der Markierungen das sensorische Erfassen der Ortsdaten der Gleisgeometrie nicht immer problemlos möglich ist.Although the above-described method or monitoring system already has significant advantages over the known prior art and in particular is also able to take into account dynamic processes when driving over the rail track and to make it usable for operational management, has become in practice considered to be in need of improvement that, for example, in the case of unfavorable weather conditions and the associated contamination or other visual impairment (eg fogging of mirrors) of the markings, the sensory detection of the location data of the track geometry is not always possible without problems.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und ein Überwachungssystem zur Betriebsführung von Schienen-Fahrwegen vorzuschlagen, mit dem generell kritische Gleislagen überwacht werden können und mit dem es insbesondere an temporären Tragsystemen möglich ist, die Grenzwerte für Warnung und Alarm bei Deformationen des Tragsystems zu erfassen, um auf diese Weise die Überfahrgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen und/oder die augenscheinliche und händische Überwachung eines kritischen Gleisabschnitts durch ein automatisches System ersetzen zu können, das auch bei ungünstigen Witterungsbedingungen zuverlässig einsetzbar ist und auf diese Weise eine sichere Betriebsführung gewährleistet.The present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a method and a monitoring system for the operation of rail tracks, with the critical track positions can be monitored and with which it is possible in particular on temporary support systems, the limits for warning and alarm in deformations of the To detect support system to increase in this way the speed of passing and / or to be able to replace the apparent and manual monitoring of a critical track section by an automatic system that can be reliably used even in adverse weather conditions and thus ensures safe operation.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mittels eines Verfahrens mit dem Merkmal des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie mittels eines Überwachungssystems mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 9.This object is achieved by means of a method having the feature of patent claim 1 and by means of a monitoring system having the features of patent claim 9.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens und des Überwachungssystems ergeben sich aus den jeweiligen Unteransprüchen, deren Wortlaut hiermit durch ausdrückliche Bezugnahme in die Beschreibung aufgenommen wird, um unnötige Textwiederholungen zu vermeiden.Advantageous developments of the method and the monitoring system emerge from the respective subclaims, the wording of which is hereby included by express reference in the description in order to avoid unnecessary text repetitions.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Verfahren zur Betriebsführung von Schienen-Fahrwegen, insbesondere im Bereich temporärer Tragsysteme und der mitwirkenden Komponenten im Schienen-Fahrweg für die Gleise oder den Gleiskörper, mit den grundlegenden Verfahrensschritten:

  • sensorisches Erfassen von Beschleunigungsdaten des Fahrwegs in einem Überwachungsbereich;
  • Auswerten der erfassten Beschleunigungsdaten;
  • Ausgeben und/oder Verwendung der ausgewerteten Beschleunigungsdaten;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
  • laufend Beschleunigungssdaten von Tragsystemen des ganzheitlichen Fahrweges erfasst werden,
  • die erfassten Beschleunigungsdaten hinsichtlich einer Befahrbarkeit und/oder maximal zulässigen Überfahrgeschwindigkeit des ganzheitlichen Fahrwegs in dem Überwachungsbereich ausgewertet werden und
  • das Ausgeben und/oder die Verwendung der ausgewerteten Beschleunigungsdaten zum Zweck der Betriebsführung des Schienen-Fahrweges in Form einer Steuerung oder Regelung des Bahnbetriebs durch Ansteuern von insbesondere optischen und/oder akustischen Anzeigen und/oder von Regelsystemen des Schienen-Fahrweges und/oder eines Schienenfahrzeugs erfolgt.
According to the invention, a method for operation management of rail tracks, especially in the field of temporary support systems and the participating components in the rail track for the track or the track body, with the basic process steps:
  • sensory acquisition of acceleration data of the travel path in a monitoring area;
  • Evaluating the acquired acceleration data;
  • Outputting and / or using the evaluated acceleration data;
characterized in that
  • Acceleration data are continuously recorded by support systems of the holistic infrastructure,
  • the acquired acceleration data are evaluated with regard to trafficability and / or maximum permissible overspeed of the integrated travel path in the monitored area, and
  • the output and / or the use of the evaluated acceleration data for the purpose of operating the rail track in the form of a control or regulation of the web operation by controlling in particular optical and / or acoustic displays and / or control systems of the rail track and / or a rail vehicle he follows.

Insbesondere können die Beschleunigungsdaten zum Ermitteln von Deformationswerten und damit zur Auswertung für die Regelung oder Steuerung der Befahrbarkeit des Schienen-Fahrweges oder eines Schienenfahrzeugs mit sicherer Betriebsführung dienen.In particular, the acceleration data can be used to determine deformation values and thus for evaluation for the regulation or control of the driveability of the rail track or a rail vehicle with safe operational management.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Überwachungssystem zur Betriebsführung auf Schienen-Fahrwegen, insbesondere im Bereich von temporären Tragsystemen für den Fahrweg zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst:

  • mindestens einen Beschleunigungssensor zur laufenden Erfassung von Beschleunigungssdaten des Fahrweges in einem Überwachungsbereich,
  • eine mit dem Beschleunigungssensor verbundene Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung zur Auswertung der von dem Beschleunigungssensor erfassten Beschleunigungsdaten, sowie
  • eine Steuerungseinheit zur Ausgabe der ausgewerteten Beschleunigungsdaten,
und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
  • der mindestens eine Beschleunigungssensor zur laufenden Erfassung von Beschleunigungssdaten der Tragsysteme des ganzheitlichen Fahrweges ausgebildet und vorgesehen ist,
  • die Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung zur Auswertung der Beschleunigungsdaten hinsichtlich einer Befahrbarkeit und/oder einer maximal zulässigen Überfahrgeschwindigkeit des Schienen-Fahrweges im Überwachungsbereich ausgebildet und vorgesehen ist, und
  • die Steuerungseinheit zur Betriebsführung des Schienen-Fahrweges in Form einer Steuerung oder Regelung des Bahnbetriebs durch Ansteuern von insbesondere optischen und/oder akustischen Anzeigen und/oder von Regelsystemen für eine Betriebssteuerung des Schienen-Fahrweges und/oder eines Schienenfahrzeugs im Überwachungsbereich ausgebildet und vorgesehen ist.
A monitoring system according to the invention for operating on rail tracks, especially in the area of temporary support systems for the track for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises:
  • at least one acceleration sensor for the current detection of acceleration data of the travel path in a monitoring area,
  • a data processing device connected to the acceleration sensor for evaluating the acceleration data detected by the acceleration sensor, as well as
  • a control unit for outputting the evaluated acceleration data,
and is characterized in that
  • the at least one acceleration sensor is designed and provided for the continuous acquisition of acceleration data of the support systems of the holistic travel path,
  • the data processing device is designed and provided for evaluating the acceleration data with regard to trafficability and / or a maximum permissible speed of travel of the rail track in the monitored area, and
  • the control unit is designed and provided for operating the rail track in the form of a control or regulation of rail operation by controlling in particular optical and / or acoustic displays and / or control systems for operation control of the rail track and / or a rail vehicle in the monitored area.

Somit betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung die ganzheitliche Überwachung von Tragsystemen im Bereich von Schienen-Fahrwegen und dient zur Steuerung und Regelung des Bahnbetriebs. Auf diese Weise ergänzt die vorliegende Erfindung die parallele Erfindung gemäß der weiter oben erwähnten DE 10 2006 043 043.3 . Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden Deformationen in den Tragsystemen des ganzheitlichen Fahrwegs bestehend aus Schienen (Gleisrost, Gleisbett mit Erdkörper und Dämmen, Tragwerken wie Brücken) und Fundamenten erkannt und hiervon ausgehend die Einhaltung der Grenzwerte für die Befahrbarkeit des Fahrweges überwacht, wobei die ausgewerteten Beschleunigungsdaten zum Regeln und Steuern des Bahnbetriebs verwendet werden, beispielsweise zur gezielten Beeinflussung des Fahrwegs (Deformationskompensation) und/oder zur Bewegungssteuerung von Schienenfahrzeugen.Thus, the present invention relates to the holistic monitoring of support systems in the field of rail tracks and is used to control and regulate the railway operation. In this way, the present invention complements the parallel invention according to the above-mentioned DE 10 2006 043 043.3 , In the context of the present invention, deformations in the bearing systems of the integrated track consisting of rails (track grid, track bed with earth and dams, structures such as bridges) and foundations are recognized and from this the compliance with the limit values for the drivability of the track is monitored, the evaluated acceleration data be used for controlling and controlling the railway operation, for example, for selectively influencing the travel path (deformation compensation) and / or for controlling the movement of rail vehicles.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung können die genannten Beschleunigungsdaten insbesondere dafür genutzt werden, die genannten Tragsysteme selbst zu steuern und/oder zu regeln, um die gemessenen Deformationen zumindest teilweise auszugleichen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann auch in den Schienenfahrzeugen selbst eine entsprechende Anpassung, Steuerung und/oder Regelung basierend auf den genannten Beschleunigungsdaten vorgenommen werden, beispielsweise durch eine aktive Neigeregelung. Eine weitere mögliche Beeinflussung des Bahnbetriebs besteht in einer Signalwegsteuerung des Fahrweges und/oder einer Geschwindigkeitsbeeinflussung von Schienenfahrzeugen.In the context of the present invention, the aforementioned acceleration data can be used, in particular, to control and / or regulate the named support systems themselves in order to at least partially compensate the measured deformations. Alternatively or additionally, in the rail vehicles themselves, a corresponding adaptation, control and / or regulation based on the acceleration data mentioned can be made, for example by an active tilt control. Another possible influence on the railway operation consists in a signal path control of the track and / or a speed influence of rail vehicles.

Das Erfassen von Veränderungen an der Gleisgeometrie und den damit mitwirkenden Tragsystemen, also von Bewegungen der Schiene und der mitwirkenden Tragsysteme relativ zur Umgebung und relativ zueinander, wobei es sich um für das Schienenfahrzeug relevante Größen handelt, kann laufend erfolgen, das heißt entweder kontinuierlich oder in einer langen zeitlichen Abfolge von Intervallen, so dass insbesondere die letztendlich relevanten dynamischen Verhältnisse im Gleis beim Überfahren durch ein Schienenfahrzeug detektiert werden. Zeitlich aufgelöste Erfassung und Auswertung der Beschleunigungsdaten zur Veränderung der Gleisgeometrie ermöglicht darüber hinaus ein Berücksichtigen des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Beschleunigungsdaten, um daraus Rückschlüsse auf eine zeitliche Veränderung der Gleisgeometrie im Sinne von Deformationen der Gleislage und die Befahrbarkeit des Gleises im Überwachungsbereich zu ziehen und eine entsprechende Betriebsführung zu veranlassen.The detection of changes to the track geometry and thus contributing support systems, ie movements of the rail and the cooperating support systems relative to the environment and relative to each other, which is relevant for the rail vehicle sizes can be done continuously, that is, either continuously or in a long time sequence of intervals, so that in particular the ultimately relevant dynamic conditions in the track when passing over a rail vehicle are detected. Time-resolved recording and evaluation of the acceleration data to change the track geometry also allows for taking into account the time course of the acceleration data to draw conclusions on a temporal change in the track geometry in the sense of deformations of the track position and the negotiability of the track in the monitoring area and a corresponding management to induce.

Die Auswertung der erfassten Beschleunigungsdaten erfolgt in Weiterbildung der Erfindung im Hinblick auf Deformationswerte der Gleisgeometrie und der davon abhängigen Befahrbarkeit und/oder einer maximal zulässigen Überfahrgeschwindigkeit des Schienen-Fahrweges im Überwachungsbereich. Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung erfolgt diese Auswertung automatisch durch eine Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung, welche die laufend erhaltenen Beschleunigungsdaten ständig auswertet. Hierbei können in der Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung insbesondere Erfahrungswerte und bestehende Sicherheitsvorschriften bei der Auswertung berücksichtigt werden, so dass anhand der Beschleunigungsdaten, insbesondere deren Veränderung bei oder im Umfeld der Überfahrt eines Schienenfahrzeugs, die aus Sicherheitsgründen maximal zulässige Überfahrgeschwindigkeit und gegebenenfalls auch die Befahrbarkeit ermittelt werden kann. Gleichzeitig kann bei der Auswertung der Beschleunigungsdaten erkannt werden, an welcher Stelle der Gleislage beispielsweise eine Setzung oder eine andere Deformation erfolgt ist, so dass entsprechende Korrekturmaßnahmen im Zuge der genannten ganzheitlichen Betriebsführung automatisch vorgeschlagen und gegebenenfalls auch gesteuert durchgeführt werden können. Derartige Korrekturmaßnahmen können beispielsweise einer zusätzlichen Versteifung oder einer Unterfütterung von einzelnen Auflagern bestehen.The development of the acquired acceleration data is carried out in a development of the invention with regard to deformation values of the track geometry and the trafficability dependent thereon and / or a maximum permissible passing speed of the rail track in the monitored area. In a further development of the invention, this evaluation is carried out automatically by a data processing device which constantly evaluates the currently obtained acceleration data. In this case, in the data processing device in particular empirical values and existing safety regulations can be taken into account in the evaluation, so that based on the acceleration data, in particular their change in or around the crossing of a rail vehicle, the maximum permissible overspeed for safety reasons and possibly also the trafficability can be determined. At the same time it can be detected in the evaluation of the acceleration data, at which point of the track position, for example, a settlement or other deformation has occurred, so that appropriate corrective measures in the course of said holistic operation can be automatically proposed and optionally also controlled. Such corrective measures may for example be an additional stiffening or a relining of individual supports.

Bei der Auswertung von Beschleunigungsdaten, die während einer Überfahrt des Überwachungsbereichs mit einem Schienenfahrzeug zeitlich aufgelöst erfasst werden, können in Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung weitere Parameter der Überfahrt, wie Gewicht und Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs mit einbezogen werden, um die dynamischen Verhältnisse bei der Überfahrt möglichst vollständig und reproduzierbar zu erfassen und auszuwerten. Dabei kann es zweckmäßig sein, aus den insbesondere zeitlich aufgelöst ausgewerteten Beschleunigungsdaten Verwindungskurven für die Gleisgeometrie zu generieren - insbesondere vor während und/oder nach Überfahrt - und mit existierenden Daten für noch zulässige Verwindungskurven zu vergleichen, wobei Letztere in tabulierter Form vorliegen.In the evaluation of acceleration data, which are detected in a time resolved during a crossing of the monitoring area with a rail vehicle, further parameters of the crossing, such as weight and speed of the rail vehicle can be included in development of the present invention to the dynamic conditions during the crossing as completely as possible and reproducible to capture and evaluate. In this case, it may be expedient to generate warping curves for the track geometry from the acceleration data evaluated, in particular before and / or after crossing, in particular with temporally resolved acceleration data, and with existing data for still permissible torsion curves, the latter being present in a tabulated form.

Wie bereits erwähnt, geben die ausgewerteten Beschleunigungsdaten Aufschluss über die Deformationswerte und die davon abhängige Befahrbarkeit und/oder eine maximal zulässige Überfahrgeschwindigkeit an sich sowie weiterhin über die zu ergreifenden Korrekturmaßnahmen und/oder eine Signalgebung und Betriebssteuerung für den Schienen-Fahrweg im Überwachungsbereich. Die Daten können in Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung von einer Steuereinheit ausgegeben werden, beispielsweise an ein Leitsystem des Schienen-Fahrweges und ein Signalsystem oder an eine Telekommunikationseinrichtung, mit welcher die Daten anschließend weitergemeldet werden. Entsprechend sieht eine Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Überwachungssystems vor, dass die Steuerungseinheit mit einem Schienenverkehrs-Leitsystem und/oder einem Signalsystem und/oder einem Telekommunikationssystem verbunden ist. In diesem Zusammenhang lässt sich z. B. bei Zügen, die mit moderner Neigetechnik ausgerüstet sind, ein Neigeverhalten bewirken, welches nach Art einer Rückkopplung eine Deformation des Gleises auszugleichen versucht. Weiterhin können akustische und/oder optische Anzeigen, wie Hilfssignale oder dergleichen, angesteuert bzw. aktiviert werden, um beispielsweise auf eine bestehende Gefahrensituation aufmerksam zu machen. Auch an sich bekannte INDUSI-Sicherheitseinrichtungen können mit den erfassten Beschleunigungsdaten oder daraus abgeleiteten Datenwerten versorgt werden, um eine Geschwindigkeitsbeeinflussung von Schienenfahrzeugen zu erreichen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können in Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung Regelsysteme gesteuert werden, beispielsweise verstellbare Auflager, um festgestellte Veränderungen im Gleis automatisch zu kompensieren.As already mentioned, the evaluated acceleration data provide information about the deformation values and their controllability and / or a maximum permissible overspeed per se and furthermore about the corrective measures to be taken and / or signaling and operation control for the rail infrastructure in the monitored area. The data can be issued in a development of the present invention by a control unit, for example, to a control system of the rail infrastructure and a signal system or to a telecommunications device, with which the data are then further reported. Accordingly, a development of the monitoring system according to the invention provides that the control unit is connected to a rail traffic control system and / or a signal system and / or a telecommunication system. In this context, z. B. in trains that are equipped with modern tilting technology, cause a tilting behavior, which tries to compensate for a deformation of the track in the manner of a feedback. Furthermore, acoustic and / or visual displays, such as auxiliary signals or the like, can be activated or activated, for example, in order to draw attention to an existing dangerous situation. INDUSI safety devices which are known per se can also be supplied with the acquired acceleration data or data values derived therefrom, in order to influence the speed of rail vehicles. Alternatively or additionally, in a further development of the present invention Control systems are controlled, for example, adjustable supports to compensate for detected changes in the track automatically.

Im letzteren Fall wird nach der vorliegenden Erfindung vorzugsweise ein Regelkreis gebildet, der aus einem Verstellsystem für die Tragkonstruktion des Gleises des Gleiskörpers und/oder für Auflager der Schienen (beispielsweise bei einer festen Fahrbahn) und den gegebenenfalls darunter befindlichen weiteren Komponenten gebildet ist, und der weiterhin den Sensor zur Erfassung der Beschleunigungsdaten und die Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung mit Steuerungseinheit umfasst. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine besonders vorteilhafte selbstregelnde und zusätzlich überwachte Tragkonstruktion für den Schienen-Fahrweg. Eine solche kann als Hilfstragsystem eingesetzt werden, das wesentlich höhere Überfahrgeschwindigkeiten erlaubt, als bislang zulässig.In the latter case, a control loop is preferably formed according to the present invention, which is formed from an adjustment system for the support structure of the track of the track body and / or support of the rails (for example, a fixed carriageway) and optionally further underlying components, and Furthermore, the sensor for detecting the acceleration data and the data processing device with control unit comprises. This results in a particularly advantageous self-regulating and additionally monitored support structure for the rail track. Such can be used as an auxiliary support system, which allows much higher speeds than previously allowed.

Insbesondere dann, wenn in Weiterbildung der Erfindung als Tragsystem ein temporäres Tragsystem verwendet wird, das eine Gefrierkörper-Tragkonstruktion mit oder ohne Verbundträger aufweist, bietet die vorliegende Erfindung bei Vorhandensein der vorstehend genannten Regelkreise besondere Vorteile. Bekannterweise haben Gefrierkörper die Eigenschaft, mit der Zeit zu kriechen, so dass für die Stabilität der Hilfstragkonstruktion entsprechende Gegenmaßnahmen ergriffen werden müssen, wie beispielsweise das Vorspannen von Verbundträgern oder ein Verändern der Betriebsdaten von Aufrechterhaltungsaggregaten für den Gefrierkörper, beispielsweise ein Absenken der Gefriertemperatur. Ein derartiges temporäres Tragsystem, bei dem die vorliegende Erfindung vorteilhafterweise zum Einsatz kommen kann, ist in der DE 44 21 461 C2 beschrieben, auf die insofern ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird. Im Zuge einer diesbezüglichen Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass eine Gefrierkörper-Tragkonstruktion mit oder ohne Verbundträger verwendet wird, und dass dessen Auflager und/oder Verbundträgerlager und/oder Aufrechterhaltungsaggregate mit den ausgewerteten Beschleunigungsdaten angesteuert werden, um einen Regelkreis zu bilden. Entsprechend zeichnet sich eine Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Überwachungssystem dadurch aus, dass die Tragkonstruktion der Gleise oder des Gleiskörpers ein temporäres Tragsystem mit einem Gefrierkörper ist und dass das Verstellsystem Aufrechterhaltungsaggregate des Gefrierkörpers umfasst.In particular, when a temporary support system is used in a further development of the invention as a support system having a frozen body support structure with or without composite support, the present invention provides particular advantages in the presence of the aforementioned control circuits. It is known that freezers have the property of creeping over time, so that countermeasures must be taken for the stability of the auxiliary support structure, such as prestressing of composite supports or changing the operating data of refrigeration body maintenance aggregates, for example a lowering of the freezing temperature. Such a temporary support system, in which the present invention can be advantageously used, is in the DE 44 21 461 C2 to which reference is expressly made. In the course of a related development of the method is provided that a frozen body support structure is used with or without composite support, and that its support and / or composite support bearings and / or maintenance units are driven with the evaluated acceleration data to form a control loop. Accordingly, a development of the monitoring system according to the invention is characterized in that the supporting structure of the track or the track body is a temporary support system with a frozen body and that the adjustment system comprises maintenance units of the frozen body.

Das sensorische Erfassen von Beschleunigungsdaten der Gleislage erfolgt erfindungsgemäß unter Verwendung entsprechender Beschleunigungssensoren, vorzugsweise zum Erfassen von Beschleunigungsdaten in drei Raumrichtungen ausgebildet sind. Als Beschleunigungssensoren können dabei magnetischinduktive Beschleunigungssensoren, piezoelektrische Beschleunigungssensoren, mikromechanische Beschleunigungssensoren, andere herkömmliche mechanische Beschleunigungssensoren oder zukünftige Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Beschleunigungsmessung zum Einsatz kommen. Die Beschleunigungssensoren sollen dabei sowohl periodisch wiederkehrende schnelle Bewegungen, also oszillierende Bewegungen, als auch langsame und über einen größeren Zeitraum entstehende Lageveränderungen anzeigen. Anders als die weiter oben beim Stand der Technik eingesetzten optischen Sensoren zur Bestimmung von Ortsdaten sind die vorstehend aufgeführten Beschleunigungssensoren im Betrieb im Wesentlichen witterungsunempfindlich.The sensory detection of acceleration data of the track position is carried out according to the invention using corresponding acceleration sensors, preferably designed for detecting acceleration data in three spatial directions. Magnetic-inductive acceleration sensors, piezoelectric acceleration sensors, micromechanical acceleration sensors, other conventional mechanical acceleration sensors or future developments in the field of acceleration measurement can be used as acceleration sensors. The acceleration sensors are intended to display both periodically recurring fast movements, ie oscillating movements, as well as slow and over a longer period resulting changes in position. Unlike the optical sensors for determining location data used above in the prior art, the acceleration sensors listed above are substantially insensitive to the weather during operation.

Einer oder mehrere der Beschleunigungssensoren können an der Schiene angeordnet sein, oder sie können an speziellen Schwenkarmen oder anderen Annäherungseinrichtungen angebracht sein, die zur Messung bzw. Datenaufnahme an die Schiene oder ein anderes Teil der Gleislage heranbewegt werden. Dort sind bei Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung so genannte Anschlagelemente, auch Peilelemente genannt, vorgesehen, die mit den Beschleunigungssensoren vorzugsweise induktiv, d. h. berührungslos in Wechselwirkung treten, so dass eine Messung von Beschleunigungen der Gleisgeometrie gegenüber einem im Wesentlichen orts- bzw. raumfesten Bezugssystem vorzugsweise in drei Raumrichtungen X, Y, Z vornehmbar ist, vorzugsweise in drei zueinander senkrechten Raumrichtungen. Die Schwenkarme bzw. Annäherungseinrichtungen können ihrerseits z. B. an einem parallel zum Gleis verlaufenden Längsbalken schwenkbar angelenkt sein, der im Untergrund befestigt (verankert) ist und Einrichtungen zur insbesondere tachymetrischen Bestimmung seiner räumlichen Lage aufweist, beispielsweise Tachymeterspiegel. Der Längsbalken kann seinerseits von wenigstens einem in den Gleiskörper eingebrachten Höhenpfahl getragen sein.One or more of the acceleration sensors may be disposed on the rail, or may be attached to special pivoting arms or other approaching devices that are moved toward the rail or other part of the track for measurement or data acquisition. There, in embodiments of the invention, so-called stop elements, also called directional finding provided, which interact with the acceleration sensors preferably inductive, ie non-contact, so that a measurement of accelerations of the track geometry over a substantially spatially or spatially fixed reference frame preferably in three Spaces X, Y, Z is vornehmbar, preferably in three mutually perpendicular directions in space. The pivot arms or approach devices can in turn z. B. on a parallel to the track extending longitudinal beams pivotally mounted (anchored) in the ground and has facilities for particular tachymetric determination of its spatial position, such as tachymeter. The longitudinal beam can in turn be carried by at least one introduced into the track body elevator pile.

Eine spezielle Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Überwachungssystems sieht vor, dass die Annäherungseinrichtung als Schwenkarm ausgebildet ist, der zum Annähern des Beschleunigungssensors an ein Teil der Gleislage, insbesondere an die Schiene, in der Ebene der Gleislage um eine zu der dieser senkrechten Schwenkachse schwenkbar ist.A special embodiment of the monitoring system according to the invention provides that the approach device is designed as a pivot arm, which is pivotable about a pivot axis perpendicular to this to approach the acceleration sensor to a part of the track position, in particular to the rail in the plane of the track.

Weitere besondere Vorteile im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich bei deren Einsatz für temporäre Tragsysteme, wenn diese selbst mit Tragsystemsensoren ausgestattet sind, die Bewegungen des temporären Tragsystems bei der Überfahrt eines Schienenfahrzeugs erfassen. Derartige erfasste Bewegungsdaten des temporären Tragsystems können in Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung zusammen mit den Beschleunigungsdaten ausgewertet werden. Beispielsweise kann bei erfassten Bewegungen des temporären Tragsystems, beispielsweise einer Hilfsbrücke, von Lagern oder von einem Verbau, wie Spundwänden oder dergleichen, ein Warnsignal ausgegeben werden, das beispielsweise die Überfahrt präventiv sperrt, bis die Ursache der Bewegung gefunden ist. Daneben können automatisch Aussteifungselemente angesteuert werden, um die erfassten Bewegungen zu unterbinden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ ist auch auf andere Weise (z. B. Herabsetzen der Überfahrgeschwindigkeit) das Herbeiführen einer Betriebssteuerung des Schienen-Fahrwegs im Überwachungsbereich möglich.Other particular advantages in the context of the present invention will become apparent in their use for temporary support systems when they are themselves equipped with Tragsystemsensoren detect the movements of the temporary support system in the crossing of a rail vehicle. Such detected movement data of the temporary support system can be evaluated in a development of the present invention together with the acceleration data. For example, during detected movements of the temporary support system, for example an auxiliary bridge, bearings or a shoring, such as sheet piles or the like, a warning signal can be issued, for example, prevent the crossing preventive until the cause of the movement is found. In addition, stiffening elements can be controlled automatically in order to prevent the detected movements. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to bring about an operational control of the rail travel path in the monitoring area in another way (for example by reducing the speed of passing over).

Eine entsprechende Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Überwachungssystems sieht vor, dass dessen Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung so ausgestaltet ist, dass sie bei von den Tragsystemsensoren erfassten Bewegungen des temporären Tragsystems über die Steuereinheit ein Warnsignal ausgibt oder auf andere Weise eine Betriebssteuerung des Schienen-Fahrwegs im Überwachungsbereich herbeiführt oder ein Schienenfahrzeug steuert. Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass an dem temporären Tragsystem ansteuerbare Aussteifungselemente vorgesehen sind, welche mit der Steuerungseinheit des Überwachungssystems verbunden sind, wobei die Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung so ausgestaltet ist, dass sie bei von den Tragsystemsensoren erfassten Bewegungen des temporären Tragsystems über die Steuerungseinheit die Aussteifungselemente aktiviert und steuert.A corresponding development of the monitoring system according to the invention provides that its data processing device is designed so that it emits a warning signal detected by the Tragsystemsensoren movements of the temporary support system via the control unit or otherwise causes an operation control of the rail track in the surveillance area or controls a rail vehicle , Furthermore, it can be provided that on the temporary support system controllable stiffening elements are provided, which are connected to the control unit of the monitoring system, wherein the data processing device is configured so that it activates and controls the stiffening elements in detected by the Tragsystemsensoren movements of the temporary support system via the control unit ,

Die Berücksichtigung von Bewegungsdaten des temporären Tragsystems bei der Auswertung der Beschleunigungsdaten ist jedoch nicht auf die vorstehend beschriebene Warnfunktion beschränkt. Es kann durchaus normal oder sogar erwünscht sein, dass sich das temporäre Tragsystem bei Überfahrt eines Schienenfahrzeugs bewegt. Das Ausmaß, die Art und die Dauer dieser Bewegung können dabei wichtige Zusatzinformationen für die erfindungsgemäße Auswertung von Beschleunigungsdaten beispielsweise hinsichtlich der Deformationswerte und einer davon abhängigen Befahrbarkeit und/oder der maximal zulässigen Überfahrgeschwindigkeit des Schienen-Fahrweges über dem temporären Tragsystem oder hinsichtlich einer Steuerungsfunktion von Schienenfahrzeugen darstellen.However, the consideration of movement data of the temporary support system in the evaluation of the acceleration data is not limited to the warning function described above. It may well be normal or even desirable for the temporary support system to move when crossing a rail vehicle. The extent, type and duration of this movement can thereby important additional information for the inventive evaluation of acceleration data, for example, with respect to the deformation values and a dependent driveability and / or the maximum allowable speed of the rail track over the temporary support system or with respect to a control function of rail vehicles represent.

In diesem Zusammenhang sei noch einmal ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass die Erfindung nicht auf eine Überwachung temporärer Tragsysteme beschränkt ist. Das erfindungsgemäße Überwachungssystem und das entsprechende Verfahren eignen sich auch für eine insbesondere ständige Überwachung "normaler" Schienen-Fahrwege und Schienenfahrzeuge.In this context, it should again be expressly pointed out that the invention is not limited to monitoring temporary support systems. The monitoring system according to the invention and the corresponding method are also suitable for a particularly constant monitoring of "normal" rail tracks and rail vehicles.

Darüber hinaus kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auch bei Einschienenbahnen, beispielsweise Magnetschwebebahnen, vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang kann beispielsweise über ein Regulieren eines Triebfahrzeugs im Hinblick auf dessen Geschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit von einer Lagedifferenz zum Fahrweg sichergestellt werden, dass ein eingesetzter Linearmotor gleichmäßig gleitet. Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Beschleunigungsdaten zur aktiven Beeinflussung der Lage oder Neigung eines Schienenfahrzeugs verwendet werden.In addition, the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention can also be used advantageously in monorail systems, for example magnetic levitation railways. In this connection, it can be ensured, for example, by regulating a traction vehicle with regard to its speed as a function of a position difference relative to the travel path, that an inserted linear motor smoothly slides. Furthermore, it can be provided that the acceleration data are used to actively influence the position or inclination of a rail vehicle.

Weitere Eigenschaften und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung. Es zeigt:

  • Figur 1 eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Gleisabschnitt mit temporärem Tragsystem und erfindungsgemäßem Überwachungssystem;
  • Figur 2 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung entsprechend der Linie II-II in Figur 1;
  • Figur 3 eine schematische Seitenansicht eines solchen Gleisabschnitts;
  • Figur 4 eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Gleisabschnitts mit einer Gefrierkörper-Hilfsbrücke und einem Durchpresskörper;
  • Figur 5 anhand einer der Figur 2 entsprechenden Ansicht eine weitere Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Überwachungssystems; und
  • Figur 6 anhand einer der Figur 1 entsprechenden Darstellung eine weitere Ansicht des Übertragungssystems gemäß Figur 5.
Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. It shows:
  • FIG. 1 a schematic plan view of a track section with temporary support system and monitoring system according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 a schematic sectional view corresponding to the line II-II in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 a schematic side view of such a track section;
  • FIG. 4 a schematic side view of a track section with a freezer auxiliary bridge and a press-through body;
  • FIG. 5 using one of FIG. 2 corresponding view of a further embodiment of the monitoring system according to the invention; and
  • FIG. 6 using one of FIG. 1 corresponding representation of a further view of the transmission system according to FIG. 5 ,

Figur 1 zeigt bei Draufsicht schematisch einen Schienen-Fahrweg umfassend ein Gleis oder eine Gleislage 1, die aus zwei Schienen 2 und Querschwellen 3 gebildet ist, wobei die Schienen 2 in üblicher Weise mittels Befestigungsmitteln der jeweiligen Oberbauform 4, 5 auf den Querschwellen 3 befestigt sind. Das gilt auch für schotterlose Oberbaukonstruktionen und Weichenbereiche der Systeme. Im dargestellten Gleisabschnitt ist eine Hilfsbrücke 6 dargestellt, die ein temporäres Tragsystem für die Gleislage 1 darstellt und die auf einem Widerlager 7 aufliegt. An den Unterlagsplatten 4 für die Schienen 2 ist jeweils ein Beschleunigungssensor 8 angeordnet, der vorzugsweise als magnetischinduktiver Beschleunigungssensor ausgebildet und darüber hinaus in der Lage ist, Beschleunigungen der Gleislage 1 in drei Raumrichtungen sensorisch zu erfassen. Die einzelnen Beschleunigungssensoren 8 sind mit einer Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung in (Figur 1 nicht gezeigt) drahtlos oder per Kabel verbunden, worauf weiter unten anhand der Figuren 3 und 4 noch genauer eingegangen wird. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf eine derartige Ausgestaltung des Schienen-Fahrwegs beschränkt, sondern umfasst auch alle anderen Arten von Schienen-Fahrwegen, z. B. eine feste Fahrbahn oder dergleichen. FIG. 1 shows in plan view schematically a rail track comprising a track or a track layer 1, which is formed from two rails 2 and sleepers 3, wherein the rails 2 are fastened in a conventional manner by means of attachment of the respective upper form 4, 5 on the sleepers 3. This also applies to ballastless superstructures and switch points of the systems. In the illustrated track section an auxiliary bridge 6 is shown, which represents a temporary support system for the track position 1 and which rests on an abutment 7. On the base plates 4 for the rails 2, an acceleration sensor 8 is arranged in each case, which is preferably designed as a magnetically inductive acceleration sensor and, moreover, is capable of sensory detect accelerations of the track layer 1 in three spatial directions. The individual acceleration sensors 8 are connected to a data processing device in ( FIG. 1 not shown) wirelessly or by cable, which will be described later on the basis of FIGS. 3 and 4 will be discussed in more detail. However, the invention is not limited to such an embodiment of the rail track, but also includes all other types of rail tracks, z. As a solid roadway or the like.

Figur 2 zeigt anhand einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung entlang der Linie II-II in Figur 1 nochmals die Anordnung der Beschleunigungssensoren 8 an den Schienen 2 der Gleislage 1. Wie der Fachmann erkennt, ist die Anordnung der Beschleunigungssensoren 8 keinesfalls auf die beispielhaft gezeigte Ausgestaltung gemäß Figur 2 beschränkt. Vielmehr ist es erfindungsgemäß lediglich erforderlich, dass die Beschleunigungssensoren 8 derart an der Gleislage 1 angebracht sind, dass sie insbesondere dynamische Veränderungen der Gleislage bzw. der Gleisgeometrie über die auftretenden und erfindungsgemäß erfassten (Relativ-)Beschleunigungen anzeigen können. Weitere geeignete Ausgestaltungen der Sensoranordnung sind in den Figuren 5 und 6 dargestellt. FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1 again the arrangement of the acceleration sensors 8 on the rails 2 of the track position 1. As the skilled person recognizes, the arrangement of the acceleration sensors 8 is by no means based on the embodiment shown by way of example FIG. 2 limited. Rather, according to the invention, it is merely necessary for the acceleration sensors 8 to be attached to the track layer 1 in such a way that, in particular, they detect dynamic changes in the track position or the track geometry over the occurring and inventively detected (Relative) can show accelerations. Other suitable embodiments of the sensor arrangement are in the FIGS. 5 and 6 shown.

Die in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte messtechnische Anordnung zur sensorischen Erfassung von Bewegungen der Gleislage 1 bzw. Änderungen der Gleisgeometrie (Deformationen) ist also anhand einer Gesamtbetrachtung der Beschleunigungswerte, die von den einzelnen Beschleunigungssensoren 8 geliefert werden, in der Lage, Daten über die entlang der Gleislage 1 resultierenden Bewegungen bzw. die dort angreifenden Kräfte und damit auch über die besonders relevanten Verwindungen der Gleislage 1 zu liefern.The in the Figures 1 and 2 illustrated measurement arrangement for sensory detection of movements of the track position 1 or changes in the track geometry (deformations) is thus based on a total consideration of the acceleration values that are supplied by the individual acceleration sensors 8, capable of data on the movements resulting along the track position 1 or to deliver the forces acting there and thus also over the particularly relevant twisting of the track layer 1.

Figur 3 zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht eines ähnlichen Gleisabschnitts wie in den Figuren 1 und 2, wobei die Hilfsbrücke 6 vorliegend etwas detaillierter dargestellt ist. Die Hilfsbrücke 6, über welche die Schienen 2 auf ihren Querschwellen 3 verlaufen, sitzt auf einer Verbauwand 9, die funktionell etwa dem Widerlager 7 in Figur 1 entspricht. Als Auflager der Hilfsbrücke 6 ist an der Verbauwand 9 ein Kopfbalken 10 und ein Lager 11 vorhanden. An der Hilfsbrücke 6, am Lager 11 sowie an der Verbauwand 9 sind Tragsystemsensoren 12 angebracht, beispielsweise Dehnmessstreifen, um Verformungen des Tragsystems Hilfsbrücke 6 auf einer Verbauwand oder anderen Auflagersysteme aus Einzelstützelementen bzw. des gesamten Hilfstragsystems zu detektieren, insbesondere bei Überfahrt eines Schienenfahrzeugs. Die detektierten Bewegungsdaten werden an eine Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung 13 mit Steuerungseinheit 14 ausgegeben, wobei die Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung 13 darüber hinaus mit den in Figur 3 nicht explizit dargestellten Beschleunigungssensoren 8 im Bereich der Gleislage 1 in signaltechnischer Wirkverbindung steht, was in Figur 3 durch entsprechende gestrichelte Verbindungslinien symbolisiert ist. Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit in Figur 3 sowie in Figur 4 nicht für alle Beschleunigungssensoren 8 explizit dargestellt. FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of a similar track section as in the Figures 1 and 2 , wherein the auxiliary bridge 6 is shown here in more detail. The auxiliary bridge 6, over which the rails 2 extend on their sleepers 3, sitting on a Verbauwand 9, the functionally about the abutment 7 in FIG. 1 equivalent. As a support of the auxiliary bridge 6, a head bar 10 and a bearing 11 is provided on the Verbauwand 9. On the auxiliary bridge 6, the bearing 11 and the Verbauwand 9 Tragsystemsensoren 12 are mounted, such as strain gauges to detect deformations of the support system auxiliary bridge 6 on a Verbauwand or other support systems of individual support elements or the entire auxiliary support system, especially when crossing a rail vehicle. The detected movement data are output to a data processing device 13 with control unit 14, wherein the data processing device 13 moreover with the in FIG. 3 not explicitly shown acceleration sensors 8 in the area of the track position 1 is in signaling active connection, which is in FIG. 3 is symbolized by corresponding dashed connecting lines. For the sake of clarity in FIG. 3 as in FIG. 4 not explicitly shown for all acceleration sensors 8.

Über die genannten Verbindungen werden die Beschleunigungsdaten der Gleislage 1 von den Beschleunigungssensoren 8 durch die Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung 13 eingelesen. Die Steuerungseinheit 14 steuert anhand der ausgewerteten Ergebnisse, das heißt derjenigen Ergebnisse, die sich aus der gemeinsamen Auswertung der detektierten Bewegungsdaten der Hilfsbrücke 6 und der Beschleunigungsdaten der Gleislage 1 ergeben, einen Verstellmotor 15 an, der das Lager 11 mittels einer darin enthaltenen Spindel (nicht gezeigt) bedarfsweise erhöht, um beispielsweise einer Setzung der Verbauwand 9 automatisch entgegenzuwirken. Die Steuerung des Verstellmotors 15 wird über die Beschleunigungsdaten der Beschleunigungssensoren 8 und die Bewegungsdaten der Tragsystemsensoren 12 in einem Regelkreis geregelt.About the compounds mentioned the acceleration data of the track position 1 are read by the acceleration sensors 8 by the data processing device 13. The control unit 14 controls on the basis of the evaluated results, that is to say those results which result from the joint evaluation of the detected movement data of the auxiliary bridge 6 and the acceleration data of the track position 1, an adjusting motor 15, which increases the bearing 11 by means of a spindle contained therein (not shown), if necessary, to counteract, for example, a setting of the Verbauwand 9 automatically. The control of the adjustment motor 15 is regulated via the acceleration data of the acceleration sensors 8 and the movement data of the support system sensors 12 in a control loop.

Figur 4 zeigt ein weiteres Beispiel für den Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung anhand einer Darstellung, die im Wesentlichen derjenigen in Figur 3 entspricht. Dabei besteht die Hilfsbrücke aus einem Gefrierkörper 16 mit Verbundträgern 17. Unter dem Gefrierkörper 16 wird ein Stahlbetonrahmen als Durchpresskörper 18 durchgepresst, um eine Unterführung unter dem Gleis herzustellen. Wiederum wird der Gleisabschnitt mittels einer Anzahl von Beschleunigungssensoren 8 sowie mittels Tragsystemsensoren 12, die an dem Durchpresskörper 18 sowie an den Verbundträgern 17 angebracht sind, nach Maßgabe der die jeweiligen Messdaten gemeinsam auswertenden Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung 13 überwacht. Die Steuerungseinheit 14, die wiederum von der Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung 13 mit entsprechenden Anweisungen versorgt wird, wirkt beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 4 auf eine Steuerung des Gefrierkörpers 16 ein, beispielsweise über eine Temperaturregelung oder einer Vorspannung der Verbundträger 17, so dass sich wiederum ein Regelkreis ausbildet, der es im Normalbetrieb ermöglicht, den dargestellten Gleisabschnitt mit wesentlich höherer Geschwindigkeiten zu überfahren, als bislang möglich. FIG. 4 shows a further example of the use of the device according to the invention with reference to a representation which is essentially that in FIG. 3 equivalent. In this case, the auxiliary bridge consists of a frozen body 16 with composite carriers 17. Under the freezer body 16, a reinforced concrete frame is pressed through as a press-through body 18 in order to produce an underpass under the track. Again, the track section is monitored by means of a number of acceleration sensors 8 and by means of carrying system sensors 12 which are attached to the press-through body 18 and to the composite carriers 17 in accordance with the data processing device 13 jointly evaluating the respective measured data. The control unit 14, which in turn is supplied by the data processing device 13 with corresponding instructions, acts in the embodiment of FIG. 4 to a control of the freezer body 16, for example via a temperature control or a bias of the composite support 17, so that in turn forms a control loop, which allows it in normal operation to overrun the illustrated track section at much higher speeds than previously possible.

Darüber hinaus kann der Schienen-Fahrweg automatisch mit einer Reduzierung der zulässigen Fahrgeschwindigkeit belegt oder gesperrt werden, sobald die Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung 13 das Überschreiten bestimmter Grenzwerte der verarbeiteten Beschleunigungs- und Bewegungsdaten beispielsweise anhand von Deformationswerten feststellt, was über geeignete optische- und/oder akustische Anzeigen (wie Hilfssignale, nicht dargestellt) mitgeteilt werden kann.In addition, the rail track can be automatically assigned or blocked with a reduction in the permissible travel speed, as soon as the data processing device 13 determines the exceeding of certain limits of the processed acceleration and movement data, for example based on deformation values, which via suitable optical and / or acoustic displays ( as auxiliary signals, not shown) can be communicated.

Figur 5 zeigt anhand einer Schnittansicht die darstellungstechnisch etwa derjenigen in Figur 2 entspricht eine weitere Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Überwachungssystems, wobei gleiche Elemente mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen wurden. Vorliegend wird nur auf die wesentlichen Unterschiede zwischen den Ausgestaltungen gemäß Figur 2 und Figur 5 explizit eingegangen. FIG. 5 shows on the basis of a sectional view of the presentation technology approximately those in FIG. 2 corresponds to a further embodiment of the monitoring system according to the invention, wherein like elements with the same reference numerals were provided. In the present case, only the essential differences between the embodiments according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 explicitly entered.

Bei der Ausgestaltung gemäß Figur 5 ist in der Gleisachse, das heißt parallel zum Verlauf der Schienen 2 auf Höhenpfählen 19 ein Längsbalken 20 montiert, wie insbesondere der zugehörigen Draufsicht in Figur 6 zu entnehmen ist. Der Längsbalken 20 trägt in definierten Abständen x (vgl. Figur 6), z. B. nach jeder dritten Schwelle 3, Schwenkarme 21, die mittig unterhalb des Längsbalkens 20 angelenkt sind und deren Länge I (vgl. Figur 6) kleiner als die Spurweite des Gleises ist. Statt eines durchgehenden Armes 21 können an dem Längsbalken 20 alternativ auch zwei Halbarme (nicht gezeigt) angelenkt sein, deren Länge jeweils etwa der halben Spurweite entspricht. Der Schwenkarm 21 trägt an seinen Enden jeweils einen dreidimensional messenden Beschleunigungssensor 22. Dabei ist die Gesamtanordnung aus Schwenkarm 21 und Beschleunigungssensor 22 derart ausgebildet, dass die Beschleunigungssensoren 22 bei ausgeschwenktem Schwenkarm 21 bis fast an den jeweiligen Schienensteg der Schienen 2 heranreichen, wie dies in Figur 5 dargestellt ist. In dieser Stellung können die Beschleunigungssensoren 22 zum Erfassen von an den Schienen 2 bzw. der Gleislage 1 wirksamen Beschleunigungen verwendet werden, wie weiter unten noch genauer dargestellt wird. Für eine Durcharbeitung des Gleisbettes können die Schwenkarme 21 geschwenkt bzw. eingeklappt werden, so dass sie im Wesentlichen parallel zu dem Längsbalken 20 verlaufen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 5 is in the track axis, that is parallel to the course of the rails 2 on height piles 19 a longitudinal beam 20 is mounted, in particular the associated plan view in FIG. 6 can be seen. The longitudinal beam 20 carries at defined intervals x (see. FIG. 6 ), z. B. after every third threshold 3, pivot arms 21 which are hinged centrally below the longitudinal beam 20 and whose length I (see. FIG. 6 ) is smaller than the gauge of the track. Instead of a continuous arm 21, two half-arms (not shown) may alternatively be articulated to the longitudinal beam 20, the length of which corresponds to approximately half the track width in each case. The swing arm 21 carries at its ends in each case a three-dimensionally measuring acceleration sensor 22. The overall arrangement of the pivot arm 21 and acceleration sensor 22 is designed such that the acceleration sensors 22 zoom out swung arm 21 almost to the respective rail web of the rails 2, as in FIG. 5 is shown. In this position, the acceleration sensors 22 can be used to detect accelerations acting on the rails 2 or of the track layer 1, as will be shown in more detail below. For a processing of the track bed, the pivot arms 21 can be pivoted or folded, so that they extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal beam 20.

Die Höhenpfähle 19 sind in einem bestimmten Abstand x, beispielsweise alle 6 m, innerhalb der Schwellenfächer über ein kurzes Schutzrohr 23, das beispielsweise als ein in den Schotterbereich des Gleiskörpers eingebrachtes Leerrohr ausgebildet sein kann, höhenstabil in den tragfähigen Untergrund 24 eingerammt.The height piles 19 are at a certain distance x, for example, every 6 m, within the threshold compartments via a short protective tube 23, which may be formed, for example, as an introduced into the gravel area of the track empty tube, rammed into the stable ground 24 stable.

Zur Beschleunigungsmessung mittels der bereits erwähnten Beschleunigungssensoren 22 sind am Schienenfuß der Schienen 2 eine Anzahl von Peilelementen oder Peilstäben 25 befestigt, die bei ausgeschwenktem Schwenkarm 21 zum Erfassen von Beschleunigungen mit den 3-D-Beschleunigungssensoren 22 zusammenwirken, beispielsweise durch magnetische Induktion. Mit anderen Worten: die an den jeweiligen Enden der Schwenkarme 21 angeordneten Beschleunigungssensoren 22 tasten die am Schienensteg der Schienen 2 befestigten Peilelemente 25 zum Erfassen von Beschleunigungsdaten der Gleislage in drei zueinander senkrechten Raumrichtungen X, Y und Z ab.For acceleration measurement by means of the acceleration sensors 22 already mentioned, a number of bearing elements or dipsticks 25 are fastened to the rails 2, which interact with the 3-D acceleration sensors 22 when the swivel arm 21 is swiveled out, for example by magnetic induction. In other words, the acceleration sensors disposed at the respective ends of the swing arms 21 22 scan the fixed to the rail web of the rails 2 bearing elements 25 for detecting acceleration data of the track position in three mutually perpendicular directions in space X, Y and Z from.

Wie insbesondere die Figur 6 zeigt, können in Richtung des Gleisverlaufs mehrere Höhenpfähle 19 mit entsprechenden Längsbalkeneinheiten 20 hintereinander gekoppelt werden.How the particular FIG. 6 shows, in the direction of the track track several height piles 19 can be coupled with corresponding longitudinal beam units 20 in a row.

Zur Lagekontrolle des so geschaffenen Überwachungssystems sind am Längsbalken 20 im Bereich der Höhenpfähle 19 Tachymeterspiegel 26 angeordnet, die eine tachymetrische 3-D-Lageüberwachung ermöglichen. Somit kann das geschaffene Überwachungssystem bei einer Lageänderung jederzeit nachjustiert werden.To control the position of the monitoring system thus created, 19 tachymeter mirrors 26 are arranged on the longitudinal beam 20 in the area of the vertical piles, which enable a tachymetric 3-D position monitoring. Thus, the created monitoring system can be readjusted at a change in position at any time.

Wie bereits weiter oben anhand der Figuren 3 und 4 beschrieben, laufen die Messergebnisse des Überwachungssystems, das heißt zumindest die Messwerte der Beschleunigungssensoren 22 zu einer Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung und einer Steuerungseinheit (nicht gezeigt), so dass nach einer entsprechenden Datenauswertung insbesondere beim Erreichen entsprechender Schwellenwerte für die Gleisgeometrie geeignete Reaktionen über eine Meldekette ausgelöst werden und eine ganzheitliche Betriebssteuerung des Schienen-Fahrwegs beinhaltend gegebenenfalls eine Regelung eines verwendeten Tragsystems mit entsprechend zu ergreifenden Korrekturmaßnahmen und/oder Signalgebung im Überwachungsbereich herbeigeführt oder die Steuerungsfunktion von Schienenfahrzeugen in einem Regelkreis beeinflusst werden kann.As already mentioned above on the basis of FIGS. 3 and 4 described, run the measurement results of the monitoring system, that is, at least the measured values of the acceleration sensors 22 to a data processing device and a control unit (not shown), so that after a corresponding data evaluation in particular upon reaching appropriate thresholds for the track geometry appropriate responses are triggered via a message chain and a comprehensive control of the rail track including possibly a regulation of a used support system with appropriate to be taken corrective measures and / or signaling in the monitoring area brought about or the control function of rail vehicles can be influenced in a control loop.

Wie der Fachmann erkennt, ist die vorliegende Erfindung, wie sie vorstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben wurde, nicht auf die Überwachung von Schienen-Fahrwegen im Bereich von temporären Tragsystemen für die Gleise bzw. den Gleiskörper beschränkt. Vielmehr ist die Erfindung auch ganz allgemein zur Überwachung von Schienen-Fahrwegen und Schienenfahrzeugen geeignet, insbesondere zur Langzeitüberwachung im Hinblick auf die Erhaltung des Fahrkomforts. Insofern kann die Erfindung auch so genannte Gleismesswagen ersetzen, die bislang zu diesem Zweck eingesetzt wurden.As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the present invention, as described above by way of example, is not limited to the monitoring of railways in the area of temporary track and track support systems. Rather, the invention is also quite generally suitable for monitoring rail tracks and rail vehicles, in particular for long-term monitoring in terms of maintaining the ride comfort. In this respect, the invention can also replace so-called track gauge cars, which were previously used for this purpose.

Abschließend sei angemerkt, dass die vorliegende Erfindung, die sich aufgrund des zum Einsatz kommenden Messprinzips (Messung von Beschleunigungen an der Gleisgeometrie und den mitwirkenden Komponenten des Tragsystems) vor allen Dingen für eine Überwachung dynamischer Effekte an Schienen-Fahrwegen eignet, vorteilhafterweise mit anderen Überwachungssystemen für Schienen-Fahrwege kombiniert werden kann, die ihrerseits insbesondere auch zur Überwachung statischer oder quasi-statischer, das heißt langsam ablaufender Veränderungen am Schienen-Fahrweg geeignet sind. Exemplarisch und ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit sei hier auf das in der deutschen Patentanmeldung 10 2006 043 043.3 beschriebene Überwachungssystem hingewiesen, das in der Lage ist, eine Veränderung der Gleisgeometrie über eine Bestimmung von Ortsdaten vorzugsweise optisch unter Verwendung eines Lasers zu bestimmen.Finally, it should be noted that the present invention, which is due to the applied measuring principle (measurement of accelerations to the track geometry and the participating components of the support system) above all for monitoring dynamic effects on rail tracks, advantageously with other monitoring systems for Rail routes can be combined, which in turn are particularly suitable for monitoring static or quasi-static, that is slowly running changes to the rail track. By way of example and without restriction of the general public, it should be referred to in the German patent application 10 2006 043 043.3 is pointed out monitoring system which is capable of determining a change in the track geometry via a determination of location data, preferably optically using a laser.

Claims (15)

  1. Method of managing rail trackways (1) in the region of support systems (6; 16) for the tracks or track structure, which comprises:
    - recording acceleration data of the trackway (1) in a monitoring zone using sensors;
    - analysing the recorded acceleration data;
    - outputting and/or using the analysed acceleration data; characterised in that
    - acceleration data of support systems of the entire trackway (1) are recorded continuously,
    - the recorded acceleration data are analysed in respect of trafficability and/or a maximum permissible speed for passage over the entire trackway in the monitoring zone and
    - for the purpose of managing the rail trackway (1) the output and/or use of the analysed acceleration data is effected in the form of open-loop or closed-loop control of railway operation by actuation of, especially, optical and/or acoustic indicators and/or of closed-loop control systems (11, 15; 16 - 18) of the rail trackway (1) and/or of a rail vehicle.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the acceleration data are recorded continuously during operation and/or while vehicle operation on the rail trackway (1) is idle.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the acceleration data are recorded and analysed in time-resolved form.
  4. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the acceleration data are recorded in connection with, especially before, during and/or after, passage of a rail vehicle over the monitoring zone and are analysed taking into account parameters of the passage of the rail vehicle, such as the weight and speed thereof.
  5. Method according to claim 4, characterised in that, from the acceleration data analysed in time-resolved form, torsion curves corresponding to the torsion of the track in connection with, especially before, during and/or after, passage of the rail vehicle are generated and compared with permissible torsion curves.
  6. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, using the analysed acceleration data, a displacement system for a support structure (6; 16), especially a temporary support structure, of the track or track structure and/or for supports of the rails, for example of a ballastless track, and where applicable further components located therebelow is actuated in order to form a closed-loop control circuit.
  7. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the recording of acceleration data of the track arrangement using sensors is effected by means of a number of acceleration sensors (8; 22) arranged on the tracks and/or on supports of the rails, which acceleration sensors are arranged on the tracks and/or on supports of the rails or are moved closer to the latter prior to the recording operation.
  8. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that any movements of the temporary support system (6; 16) when passed over by a rail vehicle are recorded using sensors and are included in the analysis of the sensor-recorded acceleration data of the track arrangement.
  9. Monitoring system for management on rail trackways in the region of support systems for the trackway, for carrying out the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, comprising
    - at least one acceleration sensor (8, 22) for continuously recording acceleration data of the trackway (1) in a monitoring zone,
    - a data processing device (13), which is connected to the acceleration sensor (8, 22), for analysing the acceleration data recorded by the acceleration sensor (8, 22), and
    - a control unit (14) for outputting the analysed acceleration data,
    characterised in that
    - the at least one acceleration sensor (8, 22) is provided and arranged for continuously recording acceleration data of the support systems of the entire trackway (1),
    - the data processing device (13) is provided and arranged for analysing the acceleration data in respect of trafficability and/or a maximum permissible speed for passage over the rail trackway in the monitoring zone, and
    - the control unit (14) is provided and arranged for managing the rail trackway in the form of open-loop or closed-loop control of railway operation by actuation of, especially, optical and/or acoustic indicators and/or of closed-loop control systems (15, 16) for operational control of the rail trackway and/or of a rail vehicle in the monitoring zone.
  10. Monitoring system according to claim 9, characterised in that the data processing device (13) is so configured that it also analyses any variation over time of the acceleration data obtained by the acceleration sensor (8, 22).
  11. Monitoring system according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the data processing device (13) is so configured that it records in time-resolved form the acceleration data during passage of a rail vehicle over the monitoring zone and analyses that data in time-resolved form, taking into account parameters of the passage of the rail vehicle, such as the weight and speed thereof.
  12. Monitoring system according to at least one of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that the data processing device (13) is so configured that, from the acceleration data analysed in time-resolved form, torsion curves corresponding to the torsion of the track during passage of the rail vehicle are generated and compared with permissible torsion curves.
  13. Monitoring system according to at least one of claims 9 to 12, characterised in that a displacement system (15) for the support structure (6) of the tracks or track structure and/or for the supports of the rails (2) is provided, which displacement system is controlled by the control unit (14) in dependence upon the analysed acceleration data and, together with the sensor (8, 22), the data processing device (13) and the control unit (14), forms a closed-loop control circuit.
  14. Monitoring system according to at least one of claims 9 to 13, characterised in that at least one acceleration sensor (22) is arranged on an approach device for moving the acceleration sensor (22) closer to a part of the track arrangement (1), especially to a rail (2), and in the region in which the acceleration sensor (22) is moved closer to the part (2) of the track arrangement (1) there is provided on the latter at least one gauging element (25) which co-operates with the acceleration sensor (22) for recording the acceleration.
  15. Monitoring system according to at least one of claims 9 to 14, characterised in that support system sensors (12), which are connected to the data processing device (13), for recording movements of the temporary support system (6) are provided, the data processing device (13) being so configured that for analysing the sensor-recorded acceleration data of the track arrangement (1) it also takes into account the movement data obtained by the support system sensors (12).
EP08013222A 2007-07-24 2008-07-23 Method and surveillance system for managing rail tracks Active EP2022698B1 (en)

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SI200830112T SI2022698T1 (en) 2007-07-24 2008-07-23 Method and surveillance system for managing rail tracks
PL08013222T PL2022698T3 (en) 2007-07-24 2008-07-23 Method and surveillance system for managing rail tracks

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DE102007034504A DE102007034504A1 (en) 2007-07-24 2007-07-24 Method and monitoring system for monitoring rail tracks

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DE (2) DE102007034504A1 (en)
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HR (1) HRP20100685T1 (en)
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DE102010025037A1 (en) * 2010-06-24 2011-12-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for a track system and method for operating a track system
CN102561118B (en) * 2011-12-15 2014-07-16 江西日月明铁道设备开发有限公司 Quick fine tuning method for ballastless track of high-speed rail based on track deviation
DE102012015020A1 (en) * 2012-07-28 2013-10-17 Eisenmann Ag Industrial conveyor system e.g. monorail system has single-axis sensing acceleration sensors that are provided to detect acceleration of driving unit and/or rail perpendicular and/or parallel to direction of travel
FR2994984B1 (en) * 2012-08-30 2014-08-22 Sncf DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE VERTICAL DISTANCE VARIATION BETWEEN A RAILWAY AND A BALLAST LAYER
FR3001237B1 (en) * 2013-01-21 2016-03-11 Sncf DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE GEOMETRY OF A RAILWAY; RAIL, TRAVERSE, RAILWAY AND SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE.
FR3012478B1 (en) * 2013-10-28 2017-01-13 Soc Nat Des Chemins De Fer Francais Sncf DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE GEOMETRY OF A RAILWAY, FERRYWAY AND SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
CN104359603B (en) * 2014-10-31 2017-11-17 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 Wheel track moves vertical force continuous test method
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FR3073051A1 (en) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-03 Sequanta DEVICE FOR REMOTELY CONTROLLING THE DISPLACEMENT OF A NUT SCREWED ON A THREADED ROD
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CN110779457B (en) * 2019-12-03 2024-05-10 中铁科学技术开发有限公司 Track slab deformation monitoring device and method and online monitoring system
FR3111609B1 (en) * 2020-06-22 2022-09-02 Sateba Systeme Vagneux RAILWAY TIE ACCELERATION DETECTION
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DE502008001295D1 (en) 2010-10-28
HRP20100685T1 (en) 2011-01-31
SI2022698T1 (en) 2011-01-31
PL2022698T3 (en) 2011-03-31
EP2022698A2 (en) 2009-02-11
ES2352862T3 (en) 2011-02-23
DE102007034504A1 (en) 2009-02-05
ATE481286T1 (en) 2010-10-15

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