EP2013940B1 - Zellularantenne, systeme und methoden dafür - Google Patents

Zellularantenne, systeme und methoden dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2013940B1
EP2013940B1 EP07760274.6A EP07760274A EP2013940B1 EP 2013940 B1 EP2013940 B1 EP 2013940B1 EP 07760274 A EP07760274 A EP 07760274A EP 2013940 B1 EP2013940 B1 EP 2013940B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
array
azimuth
orientation
controller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07760274.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2013940A2 (de
EP2013940A4 (de
Inventor
Kevin Eldon Linehan
Robert Douglas Elliot
Martin L. Zimmerman
Peter Bruce Graham
Peter Mailandt
Louis John MEYER
Philip Sorells
Andrew Thomas Gray
Ching-Shun Yang
Darren Davidson
Bobby Webb
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Commscope Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Commscope Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/399,627 external-priority patent/US7639196B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/488,216 external-priority patent/US8018390B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/505,548 external-priority patent/US7817096B2/en
Application filed by Commscope Technologies LLC filed Critical Commscope Technologies LLC
Publication of EP2013940A2 publication Critical patent/EP2013940A2/de
Publication of EP2013940A4 publication Critical patent/EP2013940A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2013940B1 publication Critical patent/EP2013940B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
    • H01Q3/04—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation
    • H01Q3/06—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation over a restricted angle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a cellular antenna and systems incorporating the antenna as well as to methods of controlling the antenna. More particularly, although not exclusively, there is disclosed an antenna providing mechanical azimuth adjustment of the beam of the antenna in combination with adjustment with other antenna attributes. There is also disclosed a multi-array allowing independent beam steering of each array.
  • This invention also relates to a cellular communications antenna including sensors for determining the position and/or orientation of a beam of the antenna. This position and/or orientation information may be utilized locally to control attributes of the antenna or may be communicated to a central controller which may control attributes of the antenna.
  • an antenna may be oriented by an actuator
  • devices for measuring the movement have been provided but these may not always provide correct information as to the actual orientation of the antenna due to limited calibration at setup or due to non-linearities.
  • the orientation of an antenna changes in use (for example due to bird strike) this may not be known by the network operator and network performance may be compromised.
  • the present invention provides a cellular antenna according to independent claim 1 and a method of adjusting beam azimuth for a cellular multi-array antenna according to independent claim 6. Further embodiments of the invention are realised according to the corresponding dependent claims.
  • An antenna allowing mechanical azimuth adjustment in combination with adjustment of one or more other antenna attribute.
  • An integrated control arrangement is provided which can utilize either serial, wireless or RF feed lines to convey communications. Systems incorporating such antennas and methods of controlling them are also provided. The following examples are useful for understanding the invention.
  • a cellular antenna comprising:
  • a network management system comprising a plurality of base station antenna sites, each with a group of antenna systems as described above.
  • a cellular antenna comprising:
  • a method of adjusting beam azimuth for a multiband antenna having a first array and a second array in which the first array has a feed network including one or more variable element for adjusting beam azimuth comprising:
  • an antenna allowing electrical and/or mechanical beam steering to provide independent steering of the beams of an integrated multi-array antenna.
  • An integrated control arrangement is provided which can utilize either serial, wireless or RF feed lines to convey communications.
  • Systems incorporating such antennas and methods of controlling them are also provided. A number of embodiments are described and the following embodiments are to be read as non-limiting exemplary embodiments only.
  • a cellular antenna comprising:
  • a method of azimuth steering the beams of an integrated cellular antenna having a first array of radiating elements arranged in multiple columns and a second array of radiating elements arranged in multiple columns wherein columns of the first array are fed with phase shifted signals such that the azimuth direction of the beam of the first array is oriented in a first direction and wherein columns of the second array are fed with phase shifted signals such that the azimuth direction of the beam of the second array is oriented in a second direction, different to the first direction.
  • a cellular antenna comprising;
  • a ninth example there is provided a method of setting different beam azimuth orientations for first and second beams of a multi-array antenna having first and second arrays of radiating elements in which the first array has a first feed network including one or more variable elements for adjusting beam azimuth and the second array has a second feed network including one or more variable elements for adjusting beam azimuth, the method comprising:
  • a cellular antenna comprising an antenna housing; a plurality of panels of radiating elements relatively rotatable with respect to the antenna housing and azimuth actuators for independently rotating each panel with respect to the antenna housing.
  • a method of steering the beam of an antenna comprising a plurality of panels of radiating elements relatively rotatable with respect to an antenna housing having azimuth actuators for independently rotating each panel with respect to the antenna housing, the method comprising rotating selected panels with respect to the antenna housing to achieve a desired beam pattern and or orientation.
  • a cellular antenna comprising:
  • a cellular communications antenna including sensors for determining position and/or orientation of the antenna. This allows simplified installation and advanced control strategies to be employed. A number of embodiments are described and the following embodiments are to be read as non-limiting exemplary embodiments only.
  • a cellular communications antenna comprising:
  • a cellular communications antenna comprising:
  • a cellular communications antenna system comprising:
  • a cellular communications system comprising:
  • a method of controlling the orientation of a cellular communications antenna having an orientation sensor for measuring the orientation of the antenna and an actuator for adjusting the orientation of the antenna comprising:
  • a method of controlling a beam attribute of a cellular communications antenna having an orientation sensor for measuring the orientation of the antenna and an actuator for adjusting a variable element of an antenna feed network of the antenna comprising:
  • a method of determining the configuration of a plurality of antenna systems comprising a plurality of antennas having orientation sensors for measuring the orientation of the antennas and position sensors for determining the positions of the antennas, the method comprising:
  • a method of configuring a cellular communications antenna including an orientation sensor for measuring the orientation of the antenna and a position sensor for determining the position of the antenna comprising:
  • a method of controlling coverage in a cellular communications system including one or more base station comprising the steps of:
  • a method of controlling coverage in a cellular communications system including one or more base station comprising the steps of:
  • a cellular communications system comprising:
  • a cellular communications system comprising:
  • Attributes of an antenna beam may be adjusted by physically orienting an antenna or by adjusting the variable elements in an antenna feed network. Physically adjusting the orientation of an antenna mechanically maintains a better radiation pattern for the antenna beam than hv adjusting a variable element in the feed network. For down tilt a better radiation pattern is obtained by adjusting a variable element in the feed network than by mechanically orienting the antenna.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a cellular antenna 1 according to a first embodiment.
  • Antenna 1 includes an array antenna 2 having a reflector 3 and a plurality of radiating elements 4 (only some of which are indicated and the number of which may vary).
  • Reflector 3 is rotatable about bearings 5 and 6 so that the array antenna 2 can rotate with respect to antenna support 7.
  • Mounting brackets 8 and 9 allow the antenna to be mounted to a support structure such as a tower.
  • An azimuth position actuator 10 rotates array antenna 2 with respect to antenna support 7 in response to drive signals from actuator controller 11.
  • Azimuth position actuator 10 may be in the form of a geared azimuth motor 12 driving a threaded shaft 13 which drives a nut 14 up and down as it rotates.
  • Nut 14 has a pin 15 projecting therefrom which locates within a helical groove 16 in semi cylindrical guide 17. As pin 15 moves up and down guide 17 causes the array antenna 2 to rotate about its vertical axis to provide mechanical azimuth steering. It will be appreciated that a range of mechanical drive arrangements could be employed, such as geared drive trains, crank arrangements, belt and pulley drives etc.
  • an RF feed is supplied to connector 18 and a coiled feed line 19 supplies the RF feed to antenna array 2.
  • control signals are provided to serial bus connector 20 and supplied to actuator controller 11 via cable 21.
  • Actuator controller 11 controls azimuth motor 12 via cable 22 and controls one or more actuator adjusting one or more variable element contained within variable feed assembly 23 via cable 24.
  • Both coiled feed line 19 and cable 24 have excess length to enable ease of rotation of antenna array 2.
  • Variable feed assembly 23 may include a single phase shifter or multiple phase shifters to adjust down tilt. Variable feed assembly 23 may additionally or alternatively include one or more phase shifter or power divider to effect beam width adjustment. Variable feed assembly 23 may also include one or more phase shifter to effect electrical azimuth adjustment. Electrical azimuth adjustment may be provided for a multiband antenna so that the azimuth of the antenna beam of a first array may be adjusted mechanically and the antenna beam of a second array may be adjusted electrically to achieve a desired offset.
  • Actuator controller 11 may receive status and configuration information from variable feed assembly 23 such as the current position of phase shifters or power dividers or whether an actuator has a fault condition etc.
  • a compass 25 may also be provided to give a real-time measurement as to the azimuth orientation of antenna array 2. The basic reading may be adjusted with respect to true North at the place of installation.
  • This status and configuration information may be supplied from actuator controller 11 to a base station auxiliary equipment controller via a serial cable connected to serial bus connector 20.
  • serial data received by actuator controller 11 will include an address for an actuator controller along with data specifying desired operating parameters.
  • actuator controller 11 controls actuators in accordance with control data for an attribute to be controlled.
  • actuator controller 11 may receive data for mechanical azimuth with a value of 222 degrees.
  • Controller 11 obtains orientation information from compass 25 and drives azimuth motor 12 so as to rotate antenna array 2 until the compass reading from compass 25 corresponds with the desired orientation.
  • controller 11 may receive data for a required down tilt angle.
  • a down tilt phase shifter actuator such as a geared motor, may drive one or more phase shifter in the feed network until an associated position sensor communicates to actuator controller 11 that the desired phase shifter position has been achieved (see US6198458 , the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference).
  • actuator controller 11 may drive one or more phase shifter in the feed network until an associated position sensor communicates to actuator controller 11 that the desired phase shifter position has been achieved (see US6198458 , the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference).
  • beam width actuators and azimuth actuators may be driven by actuator controller 11 to achieve desired values.
  • actuator controller 11 can control mechanical azimuth and electrical azimuth, down tilt and beam width in response to commands received from a addressable serial bus.
  • FIG. 2a shows a second embodiment in which all RF signals and control data are received over a single RF feed line.
  • coiled feed line 19 supplies RF feed signals to antenna interface 26 which supplies RF signals to variable feed assembly 23 and extracts and supplies control data to actuator controller 31.
  • antenna interface 26 is mounted to reflector 3 a flexible control cable 27 is provided to azimuth motor 12.
  • Antenna interface 26 may extract power supplied by an RF feed line to operate actuator controller 23 and it associated actuators.
  • a DC bias voltage mav be applied to the RF feed line at the base of a cellular base station tower and extracted by antenna interface 26 at the top of the tower. This arrangement has the advantage that only a single RF feed line need be connected to each antenna to provide both RF signals and control data.
  • Figure 2b shows a variant of the embodiment shown in figure 1 where the azimuth position actuator 10a is in the form of a top mounted geared motor which supports antenna array 2 and rotates it.
  • the base of the antenna is maintained in position by bearing 6a secured to the base of the antenna and extending to the walls of the radome 7a.
  • RF feed line 28 feeds differential phase shifter 29, which in this example is a variable differential phase shifter.
  • Actuator 30 is driven by actuator controller 31 to adjust the position of the variable differential phase shifter 29 to achieve a desired beam down tilt.
  • Actuators 35 to 37 are driven by actuator controller 31 to adjust power dividers 32 to 34 to adjust antenna beam width.
  • FIG. 14 shows an embodiment including a down tilt phase shifter 200 driven by a down tilt phase shifter actuator 201, power dividers 202, 203 and 204 driven by power divider actuator 205 and azimuth phase shifters 206, 207 and 208 driven by azimuth phase shifter actuator 209 to effect down tilt, beam width and azimuth adjustment of the antenna beam. It will be appreciated that any one or combination of attributes may be adjusted depending upon the application. In a simple application electrical down tilt adjustment may be provided with mechanical azimuth adjustment.
  • a first array of columns of radiating elements 49 mav have a feed network as shown in figure 3a whilst the second array of columns of radiating elements 48 may have a feed network 48a including phase shifter 48b to vary the phase supplied to the outer columns of radiating elements to effect azimuth beam steering.
  • the beam direction for the first array may be set mechanically by mechanically orienting the antenna and the beam direction for the second array may be offset using electrical azimuth adjustment in the feed network.
  • the arrays may operate in the same or different frequency bands.
  • array 49 operates in a higher band than array 48.
  • Figure 3c shows a multi-array antenna having an array of low-frequency band radiating elements which may, for example, take the form of ring radiators 126, 127, 128, 129 and 130 and an array consisting of three columns 131, 132 and 133 of high frequency band radiating elements which may, for example, take the form of cross dipoles 131a, 132a and 133a. It will be appreciated that the radiating elements may be of any suitable form depending upon the application.
  • Feed network 134 consists of a through line 135 feeding central column 132 and variable phase shifter 136 feeding columns 131 and 133.
  • a mechanical azimuth actuator shown schematically as 137 rotates antenna 125 about its vertical axis to provide mechanical azimuth steering.
  • the azimuth direction of the beam of low band elements 126 to 130 may be set by driving mechanical azimuth actuator 137 to orient antenna 125 in the desired orientation.
  • Variable differential phase shifter 136 may then be adjusted to orient the azimuth direction of the beam of the high band elements.
  • a local controller may control mechanical azimuth actuator 137 and an actuator to control variable differential phase shifter 136. This may be based on a local control arrangement or in response to control commands from a central controller.
  • Figure 3d shows a multi-array antenna 138 consisting of an array of high band elements in the form of three columns of cross dipoles (one of which is indicated at 139) and an array of low band elements in the form of three columns of ring radiators (one of which is indicated at 140) which may be staggered and interleaved as shown.
  • one feed network 141 may be provided to feed the columns of the high band radiating elements so that the central column of high band elements is fed by line 142 directly from RF feed line 143 and the outer columns of high band elements are fed by lines 144 and 145 from the outputs of phase shifter 146 which may be any of a variety of electromechanical or electrical configurations.
  • the RF feed and control arrangement could be anv of a variety of configurations.
  • Mechanical azimuth actuator 147 allows mechanical azimuth beam steering of antenna 138. This embodiment may operate in the same manner as the embodiment described in figure 3c . However, if the low band columns are fed in the same manner as the high band columns (i.e. using a feed network as per feed network 141) then the beams of both the high band and low band arrays may be individually electronically steered. Thus mechanical azimuth actuator 147 may be adjusted to orient antenna 138 in a first orientation and the independent high band and low band feed networks may be used to electronically steer the azimuth beam directions for each array.
  • the antenna to be mechanically oriented to position between the desired beam orientation for each array and for the beam of each array to the offset by electronic beam steering to achieve the designed beam orientations. This may minimize distortion of beam patterns by reducing the amount of electrical azimuth beam steering required.
  • an infinitude of azimuthal settings of the two beams can be achieved to satisfy traffic and other design parameters.
  • the high frequency band radiating elements may be in the range of 1710 to 1720 MHz and the low frequency band radiating elements may be in the range of 824 to 960 MHz.
  • Figure 3e shows a variant of figure 3d in which feed network 141 is replaced by feed network 141 a in which active elements are employed to achieve the desired phase shift for the radiating elements of each column.
  • the active elements may be PIN diodes, optically controlled elements or any other suitable active element.
  • Figure 3f shows an antenna 148 having panels of radiating elements rotatable via actuators 152 to 154 with respect to antenna housing 155.
  • the arrays may be single as shown schematically, or multiple column arrays. This arrangement enables each array of each panel 149 to 151 to be independently oriented with respect to antenna housing 155. Further, antenna housing 155 may itself be rotationally oriented via actuator 156.
  • Figures 3g to 3l illustrate possible configurations of antenna 148. In figure 3g all panels are oriented flat with respect to antenna housing 155. In figure 3h all panels are rotated by the same amount to the left and in figure 3j all panels are rotated by the same amount to the right. In figure 3k the outer panels 149 and 151 are rotated outwardly to broaden the beam of the antenna. In figure 3l the configuration of figure 3k is rotated due to actuator 156 rotating antenna housing 155. Thus the antenna provides azimuth steering and beam shaping by rotation of multiple antenna radiator panels.
  • Figure 3m shows a variant in which outer panels 210 and 211 of radiating elements are pivotable about joints 213 and 214 to central panel of radiating elements 212.
  • Outer panels 210 and 211 may be independently rotated with respect to central panel 212 by individual mechanical actuators or both may be adjusted via a common mechanical linkage 215. This arrangement allows a wide beam width to be generated using a relatively simple antenna structure.
  • each antenna may provide information as to the configuration and orientation of each antenna and control the antenna locally according to a local control strategy or centrally based on a global control strategy.
  • Auxiliary equipment controller 51 includes a connector 52 allowing a laptop 53 to interface with base station auxiliary equipment controller 51.
  • FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment in which a base station controller 55 communicates with a central controller via a backhaul link 54.
  • Commands for controlling antenna attributes are sent from base station controller 55 to auxiliary equipment controller 51.
  • a modulation/demodulation arrangement conveys commands between control interface 50 and antenna interfaces 59 to 61.
  • Base station controller 55 sends RF signals for transmission via RF feed lines 57 to control interface 50.
  • Auxiliary equipment controller 51 sends commands for controlling controllable antenna elements to control interface 50 which superposes control commands onto RF feed lines 56 to 58.
  • Each antenna includes an antenna interface 59 to 61 which extracts the superposed control commands and provides these to controller actuators 62 to 64 which control actuators 65 to 67 of antennas 68 to 70.
  • any number of actuators may be controlled and that these may include control motors to adjust the physical position of an antenna, actuators to adjust phase shifters, actuators to adjust power dividers or other adjustable elements.
  • the control data will include an address for an actuator controller along with control data designating the attribute to be controlled (e.g. down tilt) and a desired value.
  • the actuator controllers may also send status and configuration information to antenna interface is 59 to 61 to be conveyed via control interface 50 to auxiliary equipment controller 51. This status and configuration information may be supplied to a central controller via backhaul link 54.
  • Figure 6 shows a modified version in which like integers and have been given like numbers.
  • the control interface 71 superposes the control data only on RF line 58.
  • An antenna interface 72 is incorporated within antenna 68 and this provides the control data to actuator controllers 62 to 64 via serial cables 73 to 75. This arrangement reduces cost by only requiring a single antenna interface 72 and for control interface 71 to interface only with one feed cable.
  • Figure 7 shows an embodiment similar to figure 6 except that the antenna interface 77 is located externally to antennas 68 to 70 at the top of a tower.
  • Actuator controllers 62 to 64 are supplied with control data via serial bus connections 78 to 80.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that a standardised antenna unit 68 to 70 may be employed whether control data either is sent up the tower via an RF feed line or a serial cable.
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment in which control data is sent up tower 81 from auxiliary equipment controller 82 via serial cable 83 to antennas 84 to 86.
  • An access port 87 is provided to enable a portable controller (e.g. a laptop) 88 to communicate directly with auxiliary equipment controller 82 to effect local control.
  • actuator controllers 89 to 91 and auxiliary equipment controller 82 are interconnected by serial buses 83, 92 and 93.
  • Actuators 194 to 196 are controlled by actuator controllers 89 to 91 in accordance with control data received from auxiliary equipment controller 82.
  • Status and configuration information from actuator controllers 89 to 91 is communicated via the serial bus to auxiliary equipment controller 82.
  • FIG 10 shows a wireless embodiment in which control data is communicated between a controller 94 and antennas 95 to 97 directly via a wireless link.
  • controller 94 may be an auxiliary equipment controller at the base station supporting wireless communication or a portable device such as a laptop with a wireless card etc.
  • Controller 94 may also be remotely located and control antennas 95 to 97 via a long-range radio link.
  • Figure 11 shows a first embodiment in which a single antenna interface 98 communicates wirelessly with a controller 94 and communicates with actuator controllers 99 to 101 via serial bus 102 to 104 to control actuators 108 to 110.
  • This arrangement allows standard antennas 105 to 107 having serial interfaces to be employed.
  • Figure 12 shows an embodiment in which actuator controllers 111 to 113 include wireless communication circuits enabling each actuator controller 111 to 113 to communicate directly with a controller 94.
  • FIG 13 shows schematically a network management system in which a central controller 114 communicates via backhaul links 115 to 119 with a number of base stations 120 to 124.
  • Central controller 114 obtains status and configuration information from each base station controller and sends control data to base stations 120 to 124.
  • Central controller 114 may periodically receive status and configuration information and/or status and configuration information may be sent on request or whenever there is a change.
  • Central controller 114 may adjust antenna attributes according to a schedule, on operator command or actively in response to current operating conditions (e.g. traffic demands etc).
  • Figure 15 shows an antenna 311.
  • Figure 16 shows schematically the control arrangement for the antenna.
  • An array antenna 301 is rotatable about bearings 302 and 303 with rotation of the array antenna being controlled by actuator 304.
  • Control data is sent to antenna controller 305 via an addressable serial bus 306, for example..
  • control data may be supplied via RF feed line 307 or a wireless link.
  • a global positioning satellite (GPS) receiver 308, for example, supplies position information to antenna controller 305.
  • Antenna controller 305 controls actuators 312 to 313 within feed network 309 to control antenna beam orientation with respect to the array antenna.
  • GPS global positioning satellite
  • the actuators 312 to 313 of feed network 309 may adjust phase shifters and or power dividers to adjust the azimuth, downtilt and/or beam width of the antenna beam with respect to the plane of the array antenna as described in Elliot and Rhodes.
  • an orientation sensor 310 is permanently mounted to the array antenna 301 and develops a signal characterizing the orientation of the antenna.
  • the orientation sensor may include an electronic compass and/or gyroscope to determine beam azimuth and/or an inclinometer and/or gyroscope to measure beam elevation.
  • a relative position determining method may be employed, such as determining relative orientation with respect to another base station (or beacon etc.) by determining the direction in which a narrow beam (RF, laser etc) must be directed to be received by the base station or beacon. Knowing the positions of the base stations relative orientations of the antennas can be determined.
  • the sensor signal from orientation sensor 310 is supplied to antenna controller 305.
  • antenna controller 305 of cellular communications antenna 311 may store desired physical orientation or antenna beam orientation information therein.
  • antenna controller may control actuator 304 to achieve a desired azimuth orientation of array antenna 301 or may control actuators of feed network 309 to adjust downtilt and/or azimuth and/or beam width of the beam of the antenna with respect to array antenna 301.
  • a digital compass of orientation sensor 310 may detect the actual orientation of array antenna 301 and communicate this to antenna controller 305.
  • Antenna controller 305 may determine whether the orientation of array antenna 301 is within a permitted range of values stored within antenna controller 305. If it is outside a permitted range antenna controller 305 may adjust actuator 304 to change the physical orientation of array antenna 301 until the sensor signal from orientation sensor 310 indicates an orientation within the permitted range.
  • Permitted values of antenna attributes may be stored within antenna controller 305 and may be updated via addressable serial bus 306 or another communications channel.
  • the permitted ranges of physical orientation and beam orientation attributes may be stored in a schedule in which these values are set for different periods of time, or for variable traffic, variable foliage or other seasonal changes in capacity or signal obstruction, or other operating conditions. For example, coverage may be required from an antenna in the first region for one period of time and another region for another period of time due to varying traffic demand etc. This schedule can be periodically uploaded from a central controller.
  • FIG 17 a schematic view of cellular communications antenna system 314 incorporating the cellular communications antenna shown in figures 15 and 16 is shown.
  • Antenna 318 receives GPS positioning signals from GPS satellites 315, 316 and 317. Using this information the controller of antenna 318 can determine its position.
  • the antenna beam 319 has adjustable beam attributes including beam width 320, beam elevation (referred to herein as beam down tilt) 321 and horizontal beam orientation (referred to herein as beam azimuth) 322. These attributes of the antenna beam may be adjusted so as to provide the desired beam coverage.
  • Figure 18 shows a schematic view of an arrangement for adjusting the physical orientation of antenna 323.
  • Actuators 324, 325 and 326 may respectively adjust beam azimuth 327, roll 328 and down tilt 329.
  • Actuators 324 to 326 may be geared motors which through suitable linkages adjust the orientation of antenna 323 as is well known in the art.
  • FIG 19 there is shown the beam 330 of antenna 331 projected onto a landscape. It will be appreciated that by adjusting attributes of physical orientation and/or adjusting attributes of the beam of the antenna, beam width, beam azimuth, beam downtilt, and beam roll may be optimised for desired coverage based upon the measured position and orientation of antenna 331.
  • An image like that shown in figure 19 may be displayed to a user using 2D or 3D display technology.
  • the topography represents the environment in which antenna 331 is located. Obstructions, such as buildings, may also be shown. Current, desired or historical traffic levels may also be indicated (by colour, texture or other visual attributes).
  • Antenna 331 may be superimposed based on information received as to its physical location derived from a GPS unit at the base station.
  • the orientation of antenna 331 may be based upon orientation information from sensors in antenna 331.
  • the shape of beam 330 may be determined based on information as to the configuration of beam shaping elements. It may have a different optical characteristic such as colour or shading depending upon the polarisation of the beam.
  • a user using a virtual reality data glove or other input device may modify beam 330. By grasping the beam with the data glove a user may orient it as desired or by opening and closing fingers, for example, vary beam width. A user is able to observe how modification of the beam affects the virtual beam in the virtual display, and thus how the real beam would project on the topology. This provides a simple intuitive user interface.
  • Figure 20 shows a cellular communication system in which a central controller 332 communicates via backhaul links 333 to 335 with base station controllers 336 to 339.
  • Base station controllers 336 to 339 receive position and/or orientation information from antennas 340 to 343 and provide this information to central controller 332.
  • base station controllers 336 to 339 may include a GPS receiver, avoiding the need to provide one in each antenna.
  • Central controller 332 may maintain a database in which the most current position and orientation data is stored, along with historical data if required. Position and orientation information may be sent periodically to central controller 332 or upon request from central controller 332.
  • Central controller 332 may send control commands via base station controllers 336, 337, 338 and 339 to each controller within each antenna to adjust the physical orientation of the antenna and/or antenna beam attributes based upon immediate need, response to predetermined condition changes, or in accordance with a predetermined time schedule, as described above.
  • Central controller 332 may determine the desired operating parameters for the antenna and send these back to be stored in the base station controller or the controller within each antenna. Each antenna may then control antenna physical orientation and/or beam orientation to satisfy the required operating parameters. Alternatively, the intelligence may be maintained within central controller 332 so that it directly commands each local antenna controller to make an adjustment until it receives position and/or orientation information meeting the required operating parameters.
  • controller 332 may send a schedule of desired operating parameters to the base station controller or antenna controller providing a schedule of operation for different periods. The schedule may provide for different beam coverage for different periods. Further, central controller 332 may monitor system usage and adjust the mechanical orientation and/or beam attributes to provide desired coverage actively as usage changes.
  • central controller 332 can monitor correct operation of an entire cellular communications network. If, for example, an antenna should encounter bird strike and become. misaligned, central controller 332 can detect the incorrect orientation of the antenna and, if possible, make adjustment or otherwise properly ensure maintenance is performed.
  • Each antenna controller may be programmed so that if a position or orientation parameter is outside a specified range a signal is sent to central controller 332 notifying it of the exception. Controller 332 can then adjust antenna parameters to compensate or indicate that servicing is required.
  • graphical user interface described in relation to figure 19 may be applied to a system as shown in figure 19 to enable an operator to control all antenna beams across a system via a user interface at central controller 332.
  • the system enables the position and orientation of each antenna to be communicated to the central controller 332 upon installation.
  • the settings of beam shaping elements such as phase shifters and power dividers may also be provided to central controller 332 to enable the shape of the beam of each antenna to be determined.
  • Controller 332 may also be provided with information as to fixed obstructions (buildings etc.) and variable obstructions (e.g. foliage).
  • Controller 332 may further be provided with information as to projected traffic (e.g. typical traffic profiles for different times of the day or for events such as sports events) as well as real-time information as to traffic (e.g. actual current traffic or traffic over a proceeding period). Controller 332 may then calculate the desired physical antenna position and beam configuration for each antenna required to give the desired coverage in a particular typography.
  • Controller 332 may do this by overlaying antenna position and orientation information onto a topographical map of the area to calculate desired coverage. Controller 332 may take into account information as to usage and system coverage requirements for the area concerned. Controller 332 may operate a wide range of control strategies utilizing the known antenna position and orientation information as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • an operator may control antenna beam orientation and shape using a user interface.
  • An operator may see the topology off or portion of an area to be controlled with base stations superimposed upon the topology.
  • Beams of the antennas may be projected onto the topology based upon information as to each antenna's position and orientation and the settings of the beam shaping elements of each antenna.
  • the pars duration of each beam may be indicated by colour or some other optical attribute. Buildings and other obstructions mav also be shown using visual attributes, such as colour.
  • System traffic may be superimposed upon the topography to show current traffic, historical traffic and/or predicted traffic using colour or some other visual attribute. Where multiple attributes need to be shown in the same space one attribute may be colour and another may be a fill effect such as crosshatching etc.
  • a user may select a beam using an input device (e.g. amounts, virtual reality data glove etc.) and modify attributes of the antenna beam using the input device.
  • an input device e.g. amounts, virtual reality data glove etc.
  • modify attributes of the antenna beam using the input device For example an operator may grasp a beam using a virtual reality data glove and change its orientation by moving the data glove. The operator may adjust beam attributes such as being width by opening and closing fingers off the data glove. In this way an operator may adjust a beam while visually observing other beams and the coverage of the beam with respect to traffic in a region and how obstructions affect the beam. It will be appreciated at a variety of input devices could be employed utilizing a range of control strategies.
  • Each antenna controller may include an RF receiver for receiving transmissions from known locations, such as cellular towers, to calculate the position of each antenna by triangulation.
  • an antenna providing azimuth and down tilt adjustment which maintains good radiation patterns of the antenna.
  • a common controller enables mechanical azimuth, electrical down tilt, electrical beam width and electrical azimuth actuators to be commonly controlled.
  • An addressable serial bus interface simplifies interconnection of antennas and controllers. Control data may be sent via an RF feed line, serial data cable or wireless connection. For multiband applications the combination of mechanical and electrical azimuth adjustment allows azimuth to be independently adjusted for two or more arrays.
  • an antenna providing dual electrical azimuth beam steering, combined mechanical and electrical azimuth steering, independent mechanical column steering and dual mechanical steering. This allows beam azimuth to be independently adjusted for two or more arrays.
  • a common controller enables mechanical azimuth, electrical down tilt, electrical beam width and electrical azimuth actuators to be commonly controlled.
  • An addressable serial bus interface simplifies interconnection of antennas and controllers. Control data may be sent via an RF feed line, serial data cable or wireless connection.
  • an antenna capable of detecting its position and orientation and communicating this to a local or central controller.
  • the antenna may include means to maintain attributes of the antenna within desired parameters. These may be preset or downloaded.
  • a system of such antennas simplifies installation by only requiring antennas to be mounted in approximate orientations as they may subsequently be adjusted by altering the mechanical orientation of the antenna and/or attributes of the antenna beam. The system enables the precise position and orientation of antennas to be determined at any point in time and employed in a range of control strategies.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Zellularantenne (1), welche umfasst:
    a. eine Feldantenne (2), welche ein erstes und zweites Feld (49, 48) von Abstrahlelementen (4) umfasst, welche, wenn sie angeregt werden, dazu ausgebildet sind, jeweils einen ersten und zweiten Strahl zu entwickeln, wobei die Feldantenne (2) in Relation zu einer Antennenhalterung (7) drehbar eingerichtet ist, um somit eine mechanische Azimut-Steuerung des ersten und zweiten Strahls zu ermöglichen;
    b. ein mechanisches Azimut-Stellglied (10), welches dazu ausgebildet ist, die Feldantenne (2) in Relation zu einer Antennenhalterung (7) zu umdrehen;
    c. ein erstes Speise-Netzwerk (23), welches dazu ausgebildet ist, Signale an das erste Feld (49) von Abstrahlelementen (4) zuzuführen und hiervon zu empfangen, welches ein erstes variables Element (29) zum Verändern der Phase von Signalen, welche durch das Speise-Netzwerk (23) durchlaufen, umfasst;
    d. ein zweites Speisenetzwerk, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, Signale an das zweite Feld (48) zuzuführen und hiervon zu empfangen;
    e. ein erstes Einstellelement (30) eines variablen Elements, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, den ersten Phasenschieber (29) einzustellen; und
    f. eine Stellglied-Steuerung (11), welche dazu ausgebildet ist, Steuerdaten zu empfangen und das mechanische Azimut-Stellglied (10) in Ansprechen auf empfangene mechanische Azimut-Steuerdaten zu steuern, um die Feldantenne (2) in Relation zu einer Antennenhalterung (7) zu umdrehen, um die Ausrichtung der Antenne (2) zu ändern, und das erste Einstellelement (30) eines variablen Elements in Ansprechen auf empfangene elektrische Azimut-Steuerdaten zu steuern, um die Azimut-Abstrahlrichtung von dem ersten Feld (49) in Relation zu der Azimut-Abstrahlrichtung von dem zweiten Feld (48) einzustellen,
    wobei das erste und das zweite Feld (49, 48) zum Betrieb in unterschiedlichen Frequenzbändern ausgebildet sind, und wobei der erste und zweite Strahl jeweils eine Azimut-Strahlrichtung haben, welche zueinander unterschiedlich sind.
  2. Zellularantenne (1) nach Anspruch 1, umfassend ein Radom (7a), wobei die Feldantenne (2) drehbar an der Oberseite des Radoms (7a) eingerichtet ist.
  3. Zellularantenne (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welcher das erste Speise-Netzwerk (23) einen oder mehrere Down-Tilt Phasenschieber (29) zum Einstellen von dem Down-Tilt des Strahls von dem ersten Feld (49), und ein oder mehrere Down-Tilt Phasenschieber-Stellglieder (30), welche durch die Stellglied-Steuerung (11) gesteuert werden, um die Down-Tilt Phasenschieber-Stellglieder (30) einzustellen, umfasst.
  4. Zellularantenne (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher das erste Speise-Netzwerk (23) einen oder mehrere Phasenschieber oder Leistungs-Unterteiler zur Durchführung einer Strahlbreite-Einstellung (32-34) des Strahls von dem ersten Feld (49), und ein oder mehrere Strahlbreite-Einstellelement-Stellglieder (35-37), welche durch die Stellglied-Steuerung (11) gesteuert werden, um die Strahlbreite-Einstellelement-Stellglieder (35-37) einzustellen, umfasst.
  5. Zellularantenne (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend einen Kompass (25), welcher derart an der Feldantenne (2) angebracht ist, dass der abgelesene Wert von dem Kompass (25) einen Hinweis gibt über die Ausrichtung der Feldantenne (2).
  6. Verfahren zum Einstellen von einem Strahl-Azimut von einer zellularen Mehrfachfeld-Antenne (2), welche ein erstes und zweites Feld (49, 48) von Abstrahlelementen (4) umfasst, welche, wenn sie angeregt werden, dazu ausgebildet sind, jeweils einen ersten und zweiten Strahl zu entwickeln, wobei das erste Feld (49) ein erstes Speise-Netzwerk (23) umfasst, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, Signale an das erste Feld (49) zuzuführen und Signale hiervon zu empfangen, welches ein oder mehrere variable Elemente (29, 32-34) zum Einstellen eines ersten Strahl-Azimut umfasst, wobei das zweite Feld (48) ein zweites Speise-Netzwerk umfasst, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, Signale an das zweite Feld (48) zuzuführen und Signale hiervon zu empfangen, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    a. in einem ersten Schritt, mechanisches Ausrichten der Antenne (2), derart, dass eine gewünschte Azimut-Strahlrichtung für den zweiten Strahl erzielt wird; und
    b. in einem zweiten Schritt, Einstellen des einen oder der mehreren variablen Elemente (29, 32-34), derart, dass ein gewünschter Strahl-Azimut für den ersten Strahl erzielt wird, welcher sich von dem Strahl-Azimut für den zweiten Strahl unterscheidet,
    wobei das erste und zweite Feld (49, 48) dazu ausgebildet sind, in unterschiedlichen Frequenzbändern zu arbeiten.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, welches ein Erlangen von einer Ausrichtinformation hinsichtlich der Ausrichtung von der Antenne (2), und ein mechanisches Ausrichten der Antenne (2) in Ansprechen auf die Ausrichtinformation umfasst.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei welchem die Ausrichtinformation über einen elektrischen Kompass (25) erlangt wird, welcher an der Antenne (2) angebracht ist.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, bei welchem das zweite Speise-Netzwerk (48a) ein oder mehrere variable Elemente (48b) zum Einstellen von dem Strahl-Azimut umfasst, wobei das Verfahren ferner umfasst:
    Einstellen des einen oder der mehreren variablen Elemente (48b) von dem zweiten Speise-Netzwerk (48a), derart, dass ein gewünschter Strahl-Azimut für den zweiten Strahl erzielt wird.
EP07760274.6A 2006-04-06 2007-04-06 Zellularantenne, systeme und methoden dafür Not-in-force EP2013940B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/399,627 US7639196B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2006-04-06 Cellular antenna and systems and methods therefor
US11/488,216 US8018390B2 (en) 2003-06-16 2006-07-18 Cellular antenna and systems and methods therefor
US11/505,548 US7817096B2 (en) 2003-06-16 2006-08-17 Cellular antenna and systems and methods therefor
PCT/US2007/066175 WO2007118211A2 (en) 2006-04-06 2007-04-06 A cellular antenna and systems and methods therefor

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EP2013940A2 EP2013940A2 (de) 2009-01-14
EP2013940A4 EP2013940A4 (de) 2010-04-14
EP2013940B1 true EP2013940B1 (de) 2016-07-06

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JP (1) JP2009533010A (de)
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EP2013940A2 (de) 2009-01-14
WO2007118211A3 (en) 2008-11-27
EP2013940A4 (de) 2010-04-14
AU2007234730A1 (en) 2007-10-18
WO2007118211A2 (en) 2007-10-18
MX2008012858A (es) 2008-10-13
JP2009533010A (ja) 2009-09-10

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