EP2012924B1 - Material crusher ejection door - Google Patents

Description

The invention is in the field of machine tools of the type of industrial mills and particularly, without restriction, shredders scrap. The invention is in fact an improvement of existing mills which allows an increase in the hourly production of crushed material, a decrease in the intensity load of the electric motor driving the mill, a significant decrease in the wear of the inner walls of the mill. as well as hammers of the grinding rotor and the anvil.

In general, the current grinders (see figure 1 ), particularly scrap shredders, consist of an internal main casing inside which rotates a rotor driven by an electric motor. Said rotor is provided on its periphery with hammers adapted to cooperate with the edge of an anvil integral with the housing. The housing has an inner wall covered with heavy-duty armor plates.

The material to be ground is injected into the casing through an opening generally located near the rotor. In general, the material to be ground is conveyed to the mill by a conveyor belt which feeds the mill continuously.

The material to be ground is driven by the rotation of the rotor, crushed by crushing between the hammers of the rotor and an anvil. The fragments of crushed material are then dragged tangentially on the wall of the casing to the portion opposite the feed opening to be projected in the upper part of the casing which comprises a grid disposed above the rotor and whose dimension of meshes is defined to determine the granulometry of the output product: only the crushed material fragments having reached the desired particle size, defined by the mesh size of the grid, can be ejected.

By fragments of comminuted material having reached the desired particle size is meant in the present text fragments whose particle size is that defined by the dimensions of the grid located in the upper part of the housing or a smaller particle size.

The fragments that can not be ejected fall back into the crankcase and are picked up again by the rotation of the rotor and crushed again.

The side wall of the housing is provided, under the level of the grid, an airtight ejection door, closed during the grinding time and moved by jacks.

This door has the function of allowing the immediate ejection of pieces imbroyant material so that they do not remain in the grinding circuit and do not lead to degradation of the rotor and / or hammers and / or the anvil and / or walls of the housing.

In practice this ejection door is only open at the initiative of the driver of the machine when he finds that such pieces of unbreakable material have entered the housing.

It is therefore understood that the ejection of the fragments of material of desired particle size is done only by the grid situated in the upper part of the casing and that it is conditioned by the upward velocity acquired by said fragments, a speed which must be sufficient for that they reach said grid.

The document US 4813620 discloses metal grinders comprising on the inner side face of their housing a door (9) disposed vertically along the wall of the rotor bowl which never obstructs the rotor housing. This door (9) is provided with parallel deflectors arranged perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of said door, that is to say vertically relative to the direction of ejection of scrap pieces scraped. Said deflectors are, by 2, separated by a given distance and thus delimit a chute of the size of the pieces to be ejected. Thus, said door and the deflectors that it carries, form in fact a grid for calibrating and ejecting crushed pieces of scrap.

This proven efficient system, however, has some disadvantages.

During the grinding time, only a fraction of the fragments of desired particle size material reach the grid located in the upper part of the housing and is ejected through said grid. Fragments of the desired particle size, not ejected, whose rate of climb has not been sufficient, then fall back into the crankcase and re-feed the rotor in which new material to grind is engaged.

This can cause jams at the rotor and requires the motor driving the rotor to develop increased power to drive the excess material.

This also has the effect of increasing the wear of the housing walls and the hammers of the rotor because of the friction generated by these fragments that could be avoided if said fragments had been ejected.

Finally recycling in the grinding cycle fragments having reached the desired particle size to be ejected unnecessarily lengthens the grinding cycle and thus delays the production of crushed fragments having the desired particle size corresponding to a given mass of material to be grinded introduced into the grinder .

It is understood that it could be advantageous to modify the grinders in order to eject more fragments having reached the desired particle size and faster.

The invention makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages of the existing systems and to considerably improve the performance of the mill while increasing the service life of the mill parts (crankcase walls, hammers, rotor, anvil) with the result that the load is reduced. of the electric motor driving the grinding rotor.

To this end, the invention proposes an ejection door for a crusher casing, particularly a scrap crusher, characterized in that it comprises at least one light of defined dimensions and at least one deflector positioned facing and above said light, on the inner face of the ejection door forming a predefined acute angle of attack with said ejection door, said deflector being positioned parallel to the axis of rotation of the ejection door.

According to a particular embodiment, said ejection door is a door for a crusher housing side wall.

Indeed, the applicant has been able to show that the piercing in the ejection door, particularly when the door is located in the side wall of the housing, lights defined dimensions and laying on the inner face of this door, to the inside the housing, a deflector oriented substantially towards the axis of the rotor, at said lights substantially on the upper edge of the light, covering said slots and forming an acute angle of given dimension with said ejection door, thus providing an additional permanent opening in the housing, allows the fragments having the desired particle size to be ejected at any time, even when they do not have the climbing speed to cross the grid.

The baffle may be fixed by any appropriate means either directly to the ejection door or to a plate that will be attached to the ejection door.

According to a variant of the invention, the deflector can be fixed on the ejection door between the axis of articulation of the door on the housing, when it is placed at the upper part of said door and the upper edge light. The purpose of the deflector is to create an obstacle in the circuit of fragments of crushed material that revolves around the rotor. Said fragments then hit the obstacle and are returned to the opening thus made in the ejection door of the mill. The lights thus made in the ejection door having predefined dimensions corresponding to the desired particle size, only the crushed fragments of desired particle size can then pass through said light and be ejected from the housing in a receptacle provided for this purpose. The fragments of higher particle size are stopped by the edges of the lights and then fall back into the circuit and feed the rotor.

Side walls advantageously complement the device. These walls, of triangular shape, placed vertically at each end of the baffle or on each side of each light or at each end of the baffle and randomly between the lights perpendicular to the ejection door, bear on said door. Thus they obstruct the lateral slot formed between the ejection door and the deflector, which ensures better guidance and / or calibration of the fragments to the light.

The baffle coming to rest on each of the side walls, these walls also make it possible to solidify the assembly by creating a support for the deflector on the ejection door.

The side walls have the dimensions defined by the length of the baffle, the height of the ejection door and the angle of attack formed by the baffle and the part on which the deflector is fixed.

The side walls can be fixed by any appropriate means either directly on the ejection door, or on a plate on which can also be fixed the deflector and which will be attached to the ejection door. A preferred attachment means of the side walls is the weld.

In other words, the invention proposes to provide at least one exhaust hood on the ejection door of a mill.

The ejection door itself has dimensions identical to that of a conventional ejection door and may be in the same material as originally supplied by the mill manufacturer in which it is installed.

It is thus understood that the invention object of the present application can be applied to any ejection door of any grinder.

Thus the ejection door equipped with the present invention can be either the original door in which the lights are cleaned and on which a deflector and side walls are provided, or be an ejection door equipped with the invention. manufactured on demand. In this latter variant the manufactured door will replace that originally provided by the manufacturer of the mill in which it is installed. In this case the ejection door equipped with the present invention will have the dimensions of the original door and will be manufactured in any material compatible with the use for which it is provided. Mention may be made, for example, of steel, particularly without limitation, molded manganese steel or even chromium-vanadium steel.

When in a particular embodiment of the invention the ejection door comprises a plurality of lights, they are formed next to each other along the longitudinal axis of the ejection door.

According to the invention, the lights can take any known shape. They can be circular, square, rectangular, triangular, or elliptical. Preferably the lights have a square shape.

According to the invention, the dimensions of the lumens are defined by the particle size of the crushed material fragments that are to be obtained. The skilled person knows how to adapt said dimensions to the particle size that he wishes to obtain.

The baffle is advantageously mounted removably on the door, which facilitates replacement after wear.

According to the invention, the deflector can be attached directly to the ejection door and fixed thereto reversibly by any appropriate means, such as for example screwing, bolting, welding, interlocking or slide mounting. .

According to a variant of the invention, the deflector may be attached to a plate of the same material or material different from that of the deflector, itself comprising at least one light having at least the dimensions of the light made in the door of ejection and said plate having outer dimensions greater than those of light, this plate being mounted on the door reversibly by any suitable means.

The invention therefore also relates to an ejection door plate (9, 19, 29, 39, 49) for a material crusher casing (1) as previously described, itself comprising at least one light having at least one less the dimensions of the light made in the ejection door and said plate having external dimensions greater than those of the light, this plate being mounted on the door reversibly by any appropriate means.

The invention therefore also relates to the use of a plate according to claim 12 on an ejection door (9, 19, 29, 39, 49) for a crusher casing (1) as described in FIG. any of claims 1 to 11. In this variant the deflector may be attached to the plate by any suitable means. For example the baffle can be welded to the plate.

Preferably, the plate and the baffle are molded in one piece, which has the advantage of ensuring better resistance of the assembly to shocks produced during grinding.

When the baffle and the side walls are attached to a plate, it is the assembly which is attached to the ejection door and which is then reversibly fixed to said ejection door. The fastening means can then be any reversible fastening means such as screwing, bolting, interlocking or slide mounting. Preferably bolts are used in a sufficient number to ensure the strength of the assembly.

Alternatively, the plate / baffle / sidewalls assembly can be attached directly to the inner face of the ejection door without it having undergone any other modification than the piercing of the lights.

According to a preferred embodiment, a mortise with the exact dimensions of the plate is made in the ejection door on its inner face, around the light. Once positioned in the mortise, the plate / deflector / sidewalls assembly is reversibly fixed to the ejection door for example screwing, bolting, interlocking or slide mounting.

The baffle and / or the plate and / or the side walls may be made of any material suitable for the purpose for which they are intended. By For example, they may be manganese-molded steel or anti-abrasion welded steel of the HARDOX® (Swedish Steel, Sweden), CREUSABO® or equivalent (ARCELOR, France) type.

Of course, the invention can be adapted to any ejection door of any existing mill, they may have varying dimensions. It is therefore understood that depending on the dimensions of the ejection door and the defined dimensions of the lights in said door, the number of light can be variable. Those skilled in the art will be able to adapt the number of light to the dimensions of the ejection door. Advantageously, those skilled in the art will take care to practice as much light as possible depending on the dimensions of the ejection door in order to obtain a maximum ejection efficiency.

Regarding the deflector, there is one or more lights, it can be unique that is to say, one piece covering all the lights, or multiple for example one per light.

One can also imagine in the case where there are several lights that a same deflector covers a number of lights less than the total number of lights and several baffles cover all the lights.

When there is only one light, the assembly then comprises sidewalls distributed one on each side of the light. When there is more than one light, the set may have as many pairs of side walls, divided in pairs each on each side of a light. It is also possible to imagine that if there are n lights the set has n + 1 side walls, the same wall can be positioned between lights.

The ejection door according to the invention may comprise several lights, as many deflectors as lights and side walls on each side of the lights on which the deflectors come to bear.

The invention also relates to a material crusher, particularly a scrap mill, comprising an ejection door as described above.

In particular, the invention relates to a material crusher, particularly a scrap crusher, comprising an internal main casing, at least one rotor, hammers on said rotor, at least one anvil, a closed crankcase and covered with shielding plates. resistant, an opening supply, an ejection grid disposed above the rotor and an ejection door, said ejection door as described above.

The invention also relates to the use of an ejection door as described above in a material mill, particularly a scrap mill.

• la figure (1) représente une coupe transversale d'un broyeur de ferraille classique ;
• la figure (2) représente une coupe transversale d'un broyeur de ferraille conforme à l'invention ;
• la figure (3) représente une vue latérale d'une pièce formant déflecteur monté sur une porte d'éjection ;
• la figure (4) est une vue de face de cette pièce selon la flèche de la figure 3 ;
• la figure (5) est une vue du côté interne d'une porte d'éjection adaptée à recevoir autant de déflecteurs qu'il y a de lumières ;
• la figure 6 est une vue en coupe de cette porte selon l'axe A-A de la figure 5.

Objects, characteristics and advantages of the invention appear from the description which follows, given by way of nonlimiting illustration, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

• the figure 1 ) represents a cross-section of a conventional scrap mill;
• the figure (2 ) represents a cross section of a scrap mill according to the invention;
• the figure (3 ) shows a side view of a baffle piece mounted on an ejection door;
• the figure (4 ) is a front view of this room according to the arrow of the figure 3 ;
• the figure (5 ) is a view of the inner side of an ejection door adapted to receive as many deflectors as there are lights;
• the figure 6 is a sectional view of this door along the axis AA of the figure 5 .

The figure 1 ) represents a cross-section of a conventional scrap mill, in which are represented the inner main casing 1, the rotor 2, the hammers 3, the anvil 4, the closed bottom of the casing and covered with resistant armor plates 5, the supply opening 6, the material to be ground 7, the gate 8 disposed above the rotor and the ejection door 9.

The figure 2 represents a transverse section of a scrap mill according to the invention in which are represented the ejection door 19, the light 10 made in said ejection door 19, the deflector 12 and the inner face 11 of said door 'ejection.

The figure 3 represents a side view of a baffle piece 22, mechanically welded on a plate 23, at an angle of attack 25, said plate itself having a light 20. The piece is further provided with of side walls 26 and bolts 27. The assembly is shown mounted on an ejection door 29.

The deflector may have a length of between 200 and 1200 mm, preferably between 300 and 550 mm.

The angle of attack can be between 5 and 80 degrees, preferably between 30 and 45 degrees.

The deflector and / or the plate and / or the side walls may have a thickness of between 10 and 90 mm, preferably between 35 and 45 mm.

The dimensions of the plate will be at least greater than 30 cm to 50 cm with respect to the dimensions of the light, preferably greater than 20 cm to 30 cm.

The number of bolts may be between 4 and 6, preferably 6 and said bolts may be of any diameter provided that it is greater than or equal to 35 mm.

The figure 4 is a front view of this piece according to the arrow of the figure 3 ; on which are represented the internal face 31 of the ejection door 39, the square-shaped light 30, the bolts 37, the plate 33, the deflector 32 and the side walls 36.

If square-shaped lights are used, the dimension of the light side can be between 30 mm and 250 mm, preferably between 50 and 200 mm. A particularly advantageous size is 140 mm.

When the light has a shape other than square, its dimensions will be included in the same ranges.

The figure 5 is a view of the inner side of an ejection door 49 adapted to receive as many deflectors as there are lights on which are represented the lights 40, the mortises 45 and the location of the bolts 47.

The figure 6 is a sectional view of the door of the figure 5 along the axis AA on which the light 50 and the mortise 55 are shown.

Claims (16)

1. Ejection door (9, 19, 29, 39, 49) of the casing of a material crusher (1), particularly a scrap metal crusher comprising at least one aperture (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) of defined dimensions cut right through along the transversal axis of said door, characterized in that it comprises at least one deflector (12, 22, 32) positioned facing and above said aperture, on the internal surface of the ejection door (11, 31), forming a predefined acute angle of attack (25) with said ejection door, said deflector being positioned parallel to the axis of rotation of the ejection door.
2. Ejection door according to claim 1, characterized in that the deflector (12, 22, 32) is fitted and fixed in a reversible manner directly on the ejection door.
3. Ejection door according to claim 1, characterized in that the deflector (12, 22, 32) is fitted and fixed on a plate (23, 33) itself comprising an aperture (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) having at least the dimensions of the aperture cut in the ejection door, the external dimensions of said plate being greater than those of the aperture.
4. Ejection door according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it also comprises side walls (26, 36), arranged perpendicular to the ejection door on each side of the aperture(s), and on which the deflector is supported.
5. Ejection door according to claim 4, characterized in that the plate/deflector/side walls assembly is fitted directly on the internal surface of the ejection door.
6. Ejection door according to claim 4, characterized in that the plate/deflector/side walls assembly is fitted by means of a mortise (45) on the internal surface of the ejection door and is fixed in a reversible manner to the ejection door.
7. Ejection door according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises several apertures, cut side by side along the longitudinal axis of the ejection door.
8. Ejection door according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it also comprises at least two side walls, arranged perpendicular to the ejection door and on which the deflector is supported.
9. Ejection door according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises several apertures, as many deflectors as there are apertures and side walls on each side of the apertures on which the deflectors are supported.
10. Ejection door according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the deflector is substantially oriented towards the axis of the rotor.
11. Ejection door according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the deflector is fixed onto the ejection door between the axis of articulation of the door on the casing and the upper edge of the aperture.
12. Plate of the ejection door (9, 19, 29, 39, 49) of the casing of a material crusher (1) as described in any one of claims 3 to 11, said plate itself comprising at least one aperture having at least the dimensions of the aperture cut in the ejection door and said plate having external dimensions greater than those of the aperture, this plate being mounted on the door in a reversible manner by any appropriate means.
13. Use of a plate according to claim 12 on an ejection door (9, 19, 29, 39, 49) for the casing of a material crusher (1) as described in any one of claims 3 to 11.
14. Material crusher, particularly a scrap metal crusher, comprising an ejection door according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
15. Material crusher, particularly a scrap metal crusher, comprising an internal main casing, at least one rotor, hammers on said rotor, at least one anvil, a closed casing base covered with resistant armour plates, a feed opening, an ejection grid arranged above the rotor and an ejection door, said ejection door being according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
16. Use of an ejection door as described previously in a material crusher, particularly a scrap metal crusher, as described in any one of claims 14 or 15.

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