JPH0817960B2 - Crusher - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a crushing device for crushing scrap such as automobiles and miscellaneous goods.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, as a crushing device of this type, a rotor is rotatably provided in a housing into which scrap is carried,
A rotor is used in which the scrap is crushed by the rotation of the rotor so that crushed pieces are scattered above the rotor.

A selection frame having a plurality of passage holes is mounted above the rotor. These passage holes are generally formed in such a size that a motor such as a drive motor attached to a washing machine or a starter motor of an automobile can pass therethrough. Therefore, the crushed pieces scattered upward by the rotor are sorted by the passage hole into those larger and smaller than the size, and only the crushed pieces passing through the passage hole are discharged to the outside of the housing. Then, the crushed pieces discharged as described above are separated into a magnetic body and a non-magnetic body in the next step by only adsorbing a magnetic body such as steel by a magnet.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the conventional crushing device, since the passage hole of the sorting frame is formed to have a size through which the motor can pass, as described above, for example, when crushing an automobile, Even if the starter motor is not sufficiently crushed by the rotor, it may pass through the passage hole as it is. In this case, the main body case made of steel that composes the starter motor and the armature in which the copper wire is wound around the iron core are integrally discharged from the housing without being separated from each other. In the next step, there is a problem that the copper wire is inserted, that is, the magnetic material and the non-magnetic material are mixed with each other, and this is adsorbed by the magnet, so that the both are not reliably selected.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the size of scrap smaller than that of a conventional selection frame by attaching a selection member to a small size scrap including a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material such as a motor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a crushing device that allows only crushed pieces to pass and can reliably perform size selection.

Another object is to change the position of the sorting member to adjust the load at the time of passage to perform smooth and efficient sorting.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 provides a rotor for crushing the scrap and scattering the crushed pieces upward in a housing into which the scrap is carried. In the crushing device, which is rotatably provided, and above the rotor, the crushing device is provided with a sorting frame having a passage hole for allowing only crushed pieces smaller than a predetermined size among the crushed pieces to pass forward, A sorting member, which has a sorting hole narrower than the opening distance of the passage hole and smaller than the passage hole, is detachably attached to the frame, and is installed between the sorting frame and the sorting member more than the passage hole. The gist of the invention is to form a small small passage hole and to make the sorting member movable with respect to the sorting frame so that the size of the small passage hole can be adjusted.

The gist of the invention of claim 2 is that the scrap contains a motor, and the selection hole of the selection member is formed in a size that the main body case of the motor cannot pass through.

[Operation] In the invention of claim 1, in the case of crushing a scrap such as a motor that is small and contains a magnetic substance and a non-magnetic substance, a sorting member is provided on the sorting frame above the rotor. Install and operate the crusher. Then, the scrap carried into the housing is crushed by the rotor,
The crushed pieces are scattered above the rotor. Then, the crushed pieces are sorted into a smaller one and a larger one by the sorting member having the sorting holes.

Since the sorting hole is formed smaller than the passage hole of the sorting frame, when the motor is scattered without being sufficiently crushed by the rotor, the motor cannot pass through the sorting hole and the sorting member. It bounces off and hits again into smaller pieces by the rotor. When the motor is crushed and the crushed pieces become smaller than the sorting hole, passage through the sorting hole is permitted. Since the sorting member is narrower than the passage hole of the sorting frame, not all the crushed pieces pass through the sorting hole of the sorting member, but the crushed pieces also come from the small passage hole in the gap between the sorting member and the sorting frame. The resulting load is reduced and the resulting load on the rotor is reduced. Further, since the size of the small passage hole can be changed by moving the sorting member in the front-rear direction, it is possible to adjust the load applied to the rotor.

In the invention of claim 2, since the selection hole of the selection member is formed in a size that the main body case of the motor cannot pass through, when the main body case is sufficiently crushed into small crushed pieces, the crushed pieces pass through the selection hole. , Selection is done surely.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 2, a mounting chute 2 on which a scrap S of an automobile or the like is mounted is rotatably supported by a shaft 3 at the front end (the left end in the drawing) on the upper end of the column 1. The mounting chute 2 can be switched between a horizontal state shown by a solid line in FIG. 2 and an inclined state shown by a chain double-dashed line in FIG. 2 by a cylinder 4 attached to its bottom number 2a.

The rear end of the carry-in chute 5 is fixed to the shaft 3 on the pillar 1. The carry-in chute 5 is arranged in an inclined state so that it is lowered toward the front end. When the placing chute 2 is tilted, the chutes 2 and 5 are located on substantially the same straight line, and the scrap S on the placing chute 2 naturally slides down toward the front of the carry-in chute 5. ing.

A lower roller 6 is rotatably arranged in the counterclockwise direction below the front end of the carry-in chute 5, and the lower roller 6 is driven by a drive device 8 behind the chain 7 via a chain 7. ing.

At the front end of the carry-in chute 5, the lower roller 6
An upper roller 9 is disposed at a position facing to, so as to be rotatable in a clockwise direction and vertically movable. The upper roller 9 is arranged so as to face the lower roller 6 in a state of being close to the lower roller 6 when the lower roller 6 moves downward. The upper roller 9 is driven by a drive device 13 above the upper roller 9 via a chain 12. Therefore, the scrap S sliding down on the carry-in chute 5 is drawn between them by the rotation of the upper and lower rollers 6 and 9, and is crushed between the upper and lower rollers 6 and 9, and then forward of the carry-in chute 5. Moved to.

A crushing device is arranged in front of the carry-in chute 5. A carry-in port 15 is formed in the lower portion of the rear wall 14d of the housing 14 which constitutes a part of the crushing device, and the upper and lower rollers
The scrap S crushed by 6, 9 is introduced into the housing 14.

A partition member 19 is provided at the lower part of the housing 14 so as to extend to almost the center in the height direction thereof, and the housing 14 is partitioned into two parts in front and rear. The rear side of the partition member 19 constitutes the crushing chamber 17, and the front side thereof constitutes the accumulation chamber 18. Both chambers 17 and 18 communicate with each other at the top of the housing 14. The crushing chamber 17 is the carry-in port.
It communicates with the carry-in chute 5 via 15.

A recess 21 is formed in the lower portion of the crushing chamber 17, and the recess 21
The protrusion 23 projects from the rear part. In addition, a cylindrical roller 16 is disposed in the recess 21 so as to be rotatable in the clockwise direction. A plurality of crushing members 22 are attached to the outer periphery of the rotor 16 at predetermined intervals so that the crushing member 22 can be projected and retracted in the radial direction of the rotor 16, that is, when the rotor 16 is rotated, it is projected by its centrifugal force. Has been. Therefore,
After being crushed between the upper and lower rollers 6 and 9, the scrap S sent to the carry-in port 15 is crushed between the breaking member 22 and the protrusion 23 to become a crushed piece B, which is accompanied by the rotation of the rotor 16. It moves along the concave portion 21 and is scattered above the rotor 16.

An opening / closing door 24 is supported at the upper end of the partition member 19 so as to be rotatable in the front-rear direction. The opening / closing door 24 is in a closed state shown by a solid line in FIG. 2 and by a two-dot chain line in FIG. The state can be switched to the rearward open state shown.

A selection frame 25 is provided directly above the opening / closing door 24 so as to be rotatable in the front-rear direction. The selection frame 25 is shown in a solid line in FIG. The angle can be arbitrarily adjusted with respect to the horizontal state of projecting forward. Incidentally, when the sorting frame 25 is in an inclined state,
Its upper end is close to the upper wall 14a of the housing 14, and its front end is close to the front wall 14c when it is in a horizontal state.

Explaining the selection frame 25, the housing 14
Between the pair of side walls (only one is shown in FIG. 2) 14b of
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, rod-shaped support members 27 are rotatably attached to shafts 26 fixed at both ends thereof.

A plurality of (seven in this embodiment) partition plates 28 are provided on the support member 27 at predetermined intervals and in a state of being parallel to each other, and the tip and center parts of these partition plates 28 are provided. The two connecting rods 29, 30 penetrate through the support member 27 in parallel therewith. Then, these partition plates 28 and connecting rods 29, 3
A portion surrounded by 0 and 0 is a plurality of rectangular passage holes A1 through which the crushed pieces B can pass. In this embodiment, the distance between the adjacent partition plates 28, the distance between the support member 27 and the connecting rod 30 at the center of the partition plate 28, and the distance between the connecting rods 29, 30 are set to 30 cm, respectively. The support member 27, the partition plate 28, and the connecting rods 29, 30 constitute a sorting frame 25.

On the rear surface (the right side surface in FIGS. 1 and 4) of the selection frame 25, a selection plate 32 as a selection member is detachably attached. As shown in FIG. 3, the sorting plate 32 is formed so that the length in the front-rear direction X is 30 to 40 cm and the length in the width direction Y is the same as the interval between the outermost partition plates 28. It is a thing. The selection plate 32 has a large number of selection holes 33 formed therethrough. In the present embodiment, the sorting holes 33 are circular holes 33a having a diameter of 10 cm arranged in one row in the width direction Y of the sorting plate 32, and square holes 33b having a side of 10 cm also arranged in one row in the width direction Y.
It consists of Each of the holes 33a and 33b is formed in twelve.

Then, in a state where the sorting plate 32 is mounted between the outermost partition plates 28 and in a substantially central portion of the partition plate 28 in the front-rear direction X, two round holes 33a and 2a between the partition plates 28 are provided. One square hole 33b is located. Further, in this state, approximately half of the plurality of passage holes A1 of the selection frame 25 are the selection plates.
The passage hole A2 is a rectangular small passage hole that is blocked by 32 and has a length of 10 to 15 cm in the front-rear direction X and a length of 30 cm in the width direction Y.
Becomes

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, in a state where the sorting plate 32 is arranged on the rear surface of the sorting frame 25, at a position corresponding to the sorting plate 32 on the front surface of the sorting frame 25, an angle-shaped member is formed. A stop member 34 is arranged, and the selection plate 32 and the locking member 34 are detachably connected to the selection frame 25 by a plurality of sets of bolts 35 and nuts 36.

As shown in FIG. 2, a dust suction port 37 projects upward from the upper portion of the front wall 14c of the housing 14. A dust removing device (not shown) is connected to the dust suction port 37, which is generated when the scrap S is crushed, and the sorting hole 33 of the sorting plate 32.
The dust D that has passed through the front is sucked by the dust removing device.

Further, a discharge port 38 is provided at the lower part of the front wall 14c of the housing 14.
Is formed and is attached to the bottom of the collecting chamber 18
However, it projects to the front of the housing 14 through the discharge port 38. A belt conveyor (not shown) is arranged below the front end of the discharge gutter 39. Therefore, of the crushed pieces B crushed by the rotor 16 and scattered above it, the sorting frame
Those that have passed through the passage hole A2 of 25 and the selection hole 33 of the selection plate 32 pass through the inside of the accumulating chamber 18 and fall onto the discharge box 39, and are discharged to the outside of the housing 14.

Next, the operation and effect of this embodiment configured as described above will be described.

For example, in the case of crushing scrap S other than a small-sized one containing a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material such as a motor, the crushing device is operated with the sorting plate 32 removed from the sorting frame 25. In this case, the mounting chute 2 is slanted by the cylinder 4 as shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. Then, the scrap S on the mounting chute 2 slides on the mounting chute 2 and the carry-in chute 5 and moves forward, and then the upper and lower rollers.
It is pulled in by the rotation of 6, 9 and crushed between them.

Then, the crushed scrap S is introduced into the crushing chamber 17 of the housing 14 through the carry-in port 15 and then crushed by the rotation of the protrusions 23 and the rotor 16 on the rear of the recess 21. By this crushing, crushed pieces B and dust D are formed, and as the rotor 16 rotates, both of them move along the recess 21 and are scattered above the rotor 16.

The fragment B scattered above the rotor 16 is stored in the housing 14
The upper wall 14a hits and bounces off or does not hit the upper wall 14a, and is directly sorted by the line-specific frame 25. That is, the size of the fragment B is smaller than the passage hole A1 of the sorting frame 25,
Moreover, only those that did not hit the sorting frame 25 are the passage holes A1.
Pass through and enter the collection chamber 18. This passage hole A1 has 30
Since it has a square shape of cm, relatively large fragment B
It is also possible to pass. The crushed pieces B that cannot pass through the passage hole A1 fall to the lower part inside the crushing chamber 17 and are crushed again by the rotor 16.

The crushed pieces B that have passed through the sorting frame 25 fall into the stacking chamber 18, are stacked on the discharging pit 39, and are discharged to the outside of the housing 14. Further, the dust D that has passed through the sorting frame 25 is the dust suction port 37.
Is sucked into the dust removing device.

In addition, when the rotor 16 does not crush it, it cannot pass through the sorting frame 25, and the crushing action by the rotor 16 is performed again, it is not crushed yet and cannot be crushed, and a large crushed piece B is generated. To this end, the opening / closing door 24 is opened rearward as shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. 2 while the crushing device is operating. Then, the crushed pieces B move into the accumulating chamber 18 through the opening portion formed at this time.

By the way, in the case of crushing a small scrap S having an armature having a copper wire which is a non-magnetic material provided in a main body case made of a steel material which is a magnetic material such as a motor,
Stop the operation of the crusher once, and manually select the sorting frame 25
Install the sorting plate 32 on top. At this time, it suffices to sandwich the sorting frame 25 from both front and rear sides with the sorting plate 32 and the locking member 34, and tighten both with bolts 35 and nuts 36, and the sorting plate 32 can be easily attached to the sorting frame 25. . Then, when this work is completed, the crushing device is operated as described above.

Since the sorting plate 32 is provided with a large number of sorting holes 33 smaller than the passage holes A1 of the sorting frame 25, the crushed pieces B that can pass through these sorting holes 33 are the same as the sorting plate 32. It is limited to a smaller one compared to the case without.
Therefore, even if the motor is scattered above the rotor 16 without being crushed, it will not pass through the selection plate 32.

In addition, when the sorting plate 32 is formed to have substantially the same size as the sorting frame 25 and is attached so as to close the passage frame A1 of the sorting frame 25,
The amount of the crushed pieces B that can pass through the sorting holes 33 of the sorting plate 32 decreases, that is, the amount of the crushed pieces B subjected to the crushing action by the rotor 16 increases, and the load applied to the rotor 16 increases. . However, in the present embodiment, the sorting plate 32 is formed to be approximately half the size of the sorting frame 25, and this is placed between the outermost partition plates 28 and in the front-back direction X of the partition plates 28.
Since it is installed so that it is located almost in the center,
The multiple through holes A1 of
Become A2. Since the passage hole A2 is larger than the selection hole 33, the crushed piece B, which is larger than the selection hole 33 and smaller than the passage hole A1, is allowed to pass, and the load on the rotor 16 is reduced.

When the load applied to the rotor 16 is further reduced, the sorting plate 32 is moved in either the upper or lower direction to move the passage hole.
A2 should be large. Further, when the reduced load is returned to the original state, the sorting plate 32 is arranged at the center of the passage hole A1.

Further, in the present embodiment, with respect to the sorting plate 32 as the sorting hole 33,
Since both the round hole 33a and the square hole 33b are formed, the square hole 33a
It is advantageous in strength as compared with the case where only b is formed. Further, since the square hole 33b is larger than the round hole 33a only in its corner portion, a crushed piece B which is almost the same size as the round hole 33a and which cannot pass through the round hole 33a is passed by the square hole 33b. Can be tolerated.

With the selection plate 32 attached to the selection frame 25 as described above,
By properly adjusting the angle of the selection frame 25 between the forward inclined state shown by the solid line in FIG. 2 and the horizontal state protruding forward shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2, the selection holes of the selection plate 32 are selected. 33
It is possible to change the size of the crushed pieces B that can pass through.
That is, the size of the crushed piece B that can pass through the sorting hole 33 is the largest when the sorting frame 25 is in the inclined state of the solid line position, and becomes smaller as it approaches the horizontal state.

As described above, according to the crushing apparatus of the present embodiment, the size of the crushed pieces B crushed and discharged is smaller than that of the conventional crushing apparatus, so that the magnetic substance and the non-magnetic substance are separated in the next step. These are less likely to be adsorbed by the magnet in a mixed state, and both can be reliably selected.

The present invention is not limited to the configurations of the above-described embodiments, but may be embodied by being arbitrarily modified within the scope of the gist of the invention as follows, for example.

(1) As the sorting holes 33 of the sorting plate 32, there are round holes 33a and square holes 3a.
Besides 3b, it can be formed in various shapes such as an elliptical hole, a triangular hole, and a pentagonal hole.

(2) In the above-described embodiment, the round holes 33a and the square holes 33b are used as the sorting plate.
Although they are arranged so that each row has 32 rows in the width direction Y,
The holes 33a and 33b can be reversed in arrangement or randomly arranged. Further, only one of the holes 33a and 33b may be formed in the selection plate 32.

(3) The size and number of the selection holes 33 can be arbitrarily changed.

[Effects of the Invention] Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects are achieved.

In the invention of claim 1, when crushing a small scrap such as a motor containing a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material,
By attaching the sorting member to the conventional sorting frame, it is possible to allow only smaller crushed pieces to pass through and to sort the size reliably compared to the case where only the sorting frame is used. Instead of passing through the sorting holes of
Since the crushed pieces also pass through the small passage holes formed between the sorting member and the sorting frame, the load on the rotor is reduced. Further, since the size of the small passage hole can be changed by moving the sorting member in the front-rear direction, the load on the rotor can be adjusted.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, even when the scrap contains a motor, the main body case of the motor can be crushed to a sufficiently small size for size selection.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment embodying the present invention.
The figure shows a partial perspective view of the state in which the sorting plate is attached to the sorting frame.
The figure is a cross-sectional view of the entire crushing device, FIG. 3 is a plan view of a state in which a sorting plate is attached to a sorting frame, and FIG. 4 is a side view of the same. 14 …… Housing, 16 …… Rotor, 25 …… Selection frame, 32…
... Sorting plate as a sorting member, 33 ... Sorting hole, A1 ... Passing hole, B ... Crushed piece, S ... Scrap.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A rotor (16) is rotatably provided in a housing (14) into which the scrap (S) is loaded, for crushing the scrap (S) and scattering the crushed pieces (B) upward. Above the rotor (16), there is provided a sorting frame (25) provided with a passage hole (A1) which allows only the crushed pieces (B) smaller than a predetermined size among the crushed pieces (B) to pass forward. )
In the crushing device provided with, the sorting frame (25) is provided with a sorting hole (33) narrower than the opening interval of the passage hole (A1) and smaller than the passage hole (A1). The member (32) is detachably attached to form a small passage hole (A2) smaller than the passage hole (A1) between the selection frame (25) and the selection member (32), and the selection member (32). ) Is movable with respect to the sorting frame (25), and the size of the small passage hole (A2) can be adjusted. 2. The scrap (S) contains a motor, and the selection hole (33) of the selection member (32) is formed in a size such that the main body case of the motor cannot pass through. Item 1. The crushing device according to item 1.