EP2010855B1 - Practice device for self-loading grenade launchers - Google Patents

Abstract

Practice barrels for use with practice cartridges are described herein. An example practice device for use with self-loading grenade launchers includes a practice barrel having a practice cartridge chamber to receive a practice cartridge. A live cartridge does not correspond to the practice cartridge chamber. Additionally, the live cartridge is unable to be properly positioned within the practice barrel to prevent ignition of the live cartridge. Further, the practice cartridge chamber is cushioned to substantially absorb a breech energy to substantially prevent damage to the practice barrel.

Description

The invention relates to a parade device for self-loading grenade launcher.

In the following it is assumed that a self-loading grenade launcher in normal position of use, with horizontal run, with "forward" means "towards the mouth" and "backwards" means "away from the mouth".

When recruits are dressed, in addition to a rapid-fire rifle, they also receive some drill cartridges. These are solid or hollow, cartridge-shaped structures, which serve to become familiar with the handling of the rapid-fire rifle. These drill cartridges are similar in their important dimensions real cartridges, but are not flammable or firing, but only dummies. With the help of these drill cartridges the soldier should learn the safe handling of the weapon by repeating the training material in the accommodation. In the further training and training in other infantry weapons ((pistol, submachine gun, machine gun, flare gun) you do not use drill cartridges, but the training is done without cartridges in practice rooms, and then on the training ground with maneuver cartridges (blank cartridges).

In recent years, self-loading grenade launchers have been introduced in many armies. They serve in particular for the equipment of armored personnel carriers and helicopters, but can be used also with the infantry; in the first place to hold down and combat infantry at medium range, so that z. B. can move unhindered in their impact space. These grenade launchers fire explosive ammunition whose explosive effect is about the corresponds to a hand grenade, but can be used up to a distance of about 1500 m.

A known self-loading grenade launcher of the Applicant has a ground closure and uses strapped ammunition, wherein a belt member each during firing on the cartridge or its sleeve remains and is ejected together with this. Since the muzzle energy is quite high, but the closure should be operated on the other hand effortlessly, this grenade launcher ignites the cartridge already in the closure flow, so then when it is just introduced into the chamber. The force acting backwards over the cartridge case in the firing of the cartridge brings the shutter to a stop and then to the return before the shutter can strike the pipe or gun.

At such weapons is trained only after the basic training, and quite intense, since this weapon has a pretty narrow hit field that can use a shooter only after a long training period fully and properly use.

These weapons are quite expensive; Even the practice of vehicles and helicopters is not cheap and especially shooting with maneuver ammunition can be done only on military training grounds because of the noise of vehicles and ammunition, since training sites are too small. Therefore one tries to carry out the training as far as possible in classrooms, where one can practice the loading, the removal and the removal of stoppages with drill ammunition. This does not go away in the longer term with the standard run and drill ammunition without wear. The reason for this is mainly that the closure mass can not be slowed down, because the backwards over the Cartridge sleeve acting impulse of a fired cartridge is missing and thus the supply is nothing to oppose.

The applicant itself has developed a handgun system in which instead of the actual run a replacement run with a larger caliber can be used. Such a system is known from the DE 10 2004 047 628 , The chamber of both barrels are such that only the associated cartridge is insertable. The object of the invention is to eliminate but also the above negative state.

To solve this problem, a parade tube with drill cartridge was developed. In this drill tube, the chamber is specially buffered to make the locking energy harmless.

Due to the special bullet shape on the parade cartridge and the differences between standard run and Exerezierlauf, as far as the dimensions are concerned, the drill pipe can only perform drill parcels, so that the supply of live ammunition and training ammunition is excluded from the drill.

Since the weapon is designed to be as weight-saving as possible, in spite of the large caliber (4 cm) still be used in infantry or helicopters, it holds the shoot as a result of the deceleration of the shutter by the premature firing almost arbitrarily long. The occurring in training Leerabschlagen is buffered according to the invention, so that it also can not damage the weapon.

For example, while pistols take into account the fact that one or two pistols per company are worn out and are ultimately no longer suitable for use, they are self-loading grenade launchers just too infrequently, so that one must also operate the necessary training with the weapons provided for use.

However, so far the use of drill cartridges has mostly been ignored, because as the training weapon is also often used on the firing range and the maneuver area with practice ammunition or live ammunition and maneuver cartridges, it is far too dangerous to use the weapon again for training in the practice rooms Where already the triggering of a maneuver cartridge can cause destruction, not to speak of a practice cartridge (with a projectile with plaster or color filling) or even an operational ammunition (with explosive projectile). It can namely namely never check the delivered shot number accurately in rapid firearms, so that there is always the possibility that a soldier accidentally takes a cartridge with in the barracks and there to get rid of them, mixed at a training lesson under the drill cartridges.

It is therefore an object of the invention to find a solution that does not allow to perform ammunition with propellant charge the drill pipe.

This object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1.

In the aforementioned self-loading grenade launchers, the barrel is easily replaceable. Therefore, a scrapping or an imposed run could still serve for the preparation of a drill.

In order to reliably and with safety distance preclude the ignition of a sharp cartridge in the parade, it is preferable that the drill cartridge at the top, preferred to about 20 mm, measured from the top to the rear, having a diameter which is greatly reduced and preferably only about half of the caliber diameter (claim 3). As a result, not only is preferred that the drill cartridge is the same length as the sharp cartridge; Moreover, the sharp cartridge, when introduced into the parade, comes to a considerable distance before the point at which ignition can take place at the earliest, even if unfavorable manufacturing tolerances of the grenade launcher and its wear in use are taken into account. In this case, a distance of about 90 mm from the constriction of the drill shell to the rear edge has proven to be more than sufficient. However, this necking does not prevent the drill cartridge from being inserted cleanly, especially when the transition from the tip to the reduced diameter section is well rounded.

The remaining part of the drill cartridge can, at least from the outer shape forth, be designed as a sharp cartridge. However, since the drill cartridge and her belt are used many times, it is provided according to the invention that the drill cartridge laterally has a recess extending in the longitudinal direction of the cartridge, which receives a projection of a belt member and when moving with the weapon whose rearward movement allows (claim 4) , Thus, parts of the belt, which bear particularly strong against sharp cartridges, slide relative to the drill cartridge without scratching them, so that they can be made of a very tough, but less hard material, not only, as the material of the Cartridge sleeve, only one-time use has to withstand.

It would be possible to make the parry cartridge from solid material, and a soft one instead of the primer Material used, because the firing pin could otherwise break off or be beaten when it hits a hard or tough material. The cost would be considerable. Since in the particular grenade launcher already the breaking off of the firing pin is prevented during idling by structural measures, it is therefore preferred that the parade cartridge, seen from behind, is hollow (claim 5). As a result, the firing pin is not hindered when knocked off with the drill cartridge.

In addition, the parade cartridge open to the rear has the advantage that the parade cartridge has such a wall thickness that its weight and / or its balance about the or a sharp cartridge corresponds (claim 6). Thus, not only the behavior of the drill cartridge in the weapon to the behavior of live ammunition is aligned, but the drill cartridge can be made of one piece as a turning and drilling automatically so that the drill cartridge is always distinguishable from an empty shell or a sharp cartridge , A parade cartridge that accidentally gets to the practice site and dirty there, can still be easily recognized as such, salvaged, cleaned and reused.

For the purpose of cooperating with a described, according to the invention Exerzierpatrone is preferably proposed that in the parade a soft and / or resilient insert is provided which is fixedly connected to at least part of the parade and against which the sharp cartridge before full insertion into the Exerzierpatronenlager on the other hand, the parade cartridge can be introduced without hindrance (claim 7). Such an insert may be formed as a rivet, which transversely to the cartridge chamber, but offset relative to the axis of his soul (central axis) by a useless struck sharp run and welded captive there. The tapered tip of the drill cartridge can slip past this rivet offset. The sharp cartridge or maneuver cartridge, however, pushes against it with its grenade or bullet before it is inserted far enough into the chamber to be detonated.

In the context of the invention it is preferred that a rear part of the parade course together with the insert against the front, anchored in the weapon part of the barrel, resilient and against displacement is displaceable (claim 8). The particular advantage of this embodiment is that the closure does not strike with full force on the rear part of the barrel at low tee, but this yields, about mittelos a disc spring package. As a result, the lock does not get burrs or other damage that makes him unusable even after years of training use of the weapon. The front, stationary part of the barrel must of course be anchored in the gun and can structurally conform to the standard run.

The geometric difference of the projectile shape between drill ammunition and live ammunition or training ammunition shows that only the drill ammunition can penetrate so far into the chamber of the parachute tube or the closure so far precedes with the Exerziermunition that the firing pin of the weapon is triggered.

Further, the invention provides that a spring bundle of disc springs between the insert and the rear part of the barrel and the front, anchored in the weapon part of the barrel is provided (claim 9). The length of this disc spring bundle can be chosen almost freely, so that a desired spring characteristic can not only be achieved, but can be maintained for decades.

In addition, the invention proposes that at least one stop is provided at the front, anchored in the weapon part of the drill, the extent of the spring travel of the rear part of the drill and the use limited so far that no ignition of a sharp cartridge can take place (claim 10).

For the sake of safe use, it is further preferred that at least the front, projecting from the weapon part of the drill is coated differently than the sharp barrel (claim 11). This coating may be about a paint, but also an electrochemically applied coating. The coating may cover the entire outside of the barrel, but may be interrupted, for example in rings. Coated is preferably only the front, protruding from the weapon part of the barrel, in whole or in part.

But the parade cartridge can also be used on the firing range, for example, to interrupt firing sequences. In training, for example, every fourth (sharp) cartridge may be replaced by a parry cartridge, so that the shooter can only give off three-shot bursts. Since the drill cartridge is ejected only by a separate charge, it can be easily picked up and reused. If, after delivery of z. B. three sharp shots the parade cartridge is in the chamber, only has to be loaded to shoot again. So it is possible to quickly shoot a lot of soldiers, for example, to select who from the outset has good equipment for the grenade launcher and who not.

Finally, it is also possible to use an externally similar shaped maneuver cartridge made of plastic and with a predetermined breaking point at the top and a metal edge on the ground instead of a parade cartridge. For this purpose, the drill can have a movable rear part with a nozzle formed as a committee forward. The maneuver cartridge has an ignition delay, so that the maneuver cartridge only burns down or burns completely when the lock of the grenade launcher has come to a standstill. Thus, to open only the shutter must be accelerated, but not only before also be braked, as is the case with the sharp cartridge.

When shot pushes the relatively weak maneuver cartridge on the closure, the plastic sleeve is ejected and the new maneuver cartridge is optionally inserted and fired. The said nozzle regulates this process, but may also be omitted.

The design of the Exerzierpatronenlagers prevents this, that a sharp cartridge can be inserted so far into the parade cartridge camp until it ignites.

The cadence of the grenade launcher is somewhat reduced.

• Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Exerzierpatrone im Querschnitt, und
• Fig. 2 einen Exerzierlauf, teilweise im Längsschnitt, zu deren Gebrauch.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to an exemplary embodiment, which is shown in the drawing. Show it

• Fig. 1 a Exerzierpatrone invention in cross section, and
• Fig. 2 a parade, partly in longitudinal section, for their use.

In Fig. 1 a paring cartridge 1 is shown in cross-section, with its tip 15 in the figure to the left. The drill cartridge 1 has the same length as a sharp cartridge, but in contrast to this near the tip 15 has an annular step 3, which, like the entire drill cartridge 1, is rotationally symmetrical to its central axis 5. Moreover, the parry cartridge 1 has approximately caliber diameter.

The distance between the transition from the main part of Exerzierpatrone 1 caliber diameter for gradation 3 on the one hand and the tip 15 on the other hand is about 20 mm.

Approximately half the length of the drill cartridge 1, an annular groove 7 is introduced in the outside thereof, which represents the front edge of the cartridge case of the sharp cartridge. The diameter of the drill cartridge 1 is therefore behind the annular groove 7 about half a millimeter larger than in front of the annular groove 7. At the rear end of the parry 1 is in the outer edge of a sawtooth annular groove 10 is introduced, which extends obliquely forward and at the rear end of the parade 1 is terminated radially by a semi-rim. This training corresponds exactly to a sharp cartridge. Furthermore, a narrow, in the direction of the central axis 5 oblong milled 17 is introduced into the outside in the rear part of the drill cartridge 1. This distinguishes the drill cartridge 1 from the sharp cartridge and receives a portion of a belt member (not shown here) to avoid scratching the parry cartridge 1 during a long exercise use. Namely, the belt member is displaced rearwardly each time the drill cartridge is inserted into the barrel and must be moved forward again before the next use.

The interior of the drill cartridge 1 is drilled with a large diameter bore 11 from the rear and open to the rear. The concentric to the central axis 5 bore 11 continues forward through a concentric tip bore 13. The holes 11, 13 are sized by length and diameter so that the weight and balance of the drill cartridge 1 correspond approximately to a sharp cartridge.

The drill cartridge 1 is made of stainless or rust-resistant steel and left blank so that it is readily distinguishable from a sharp cartridge (gray-green pod, black grenade) or a maneuver cartridge (gray-green pod, blue bullet). A manganese chromium steel (about 16 Mn Cr 5) is best suited as a drill cartridge because of its toughness and its security against rusting.

In Fig. 2 a parade 21 is shown in longitudinal section, which forms a parade device together with the above-explained parade 1. The parade 21 has a front, stationary in the grenade launcher part 23, which corresponds in appearance to a sharp run. To distinguish it from a sharp barrel, the parade 21 in the front part 25, which extends back to the groove 27, strikingly colored, such as by a chrome plating. The stationary part 23 terminates at the rear with an anchoring portion 29, which can be fixed in the supporting housing block (not shown) of the grenade launcher and fixed therein by engaging a bolt (not shown) in a locking groove 31 of the stationary part 23.

The inner diameter of the anchoring portion 29 is slightly larger than the caliber, the inner diameter of the remaining stationary part 23 is slightly smaller than the caliber. At the transition between the two holes is a paragraph 33 formed, which serves as an emergency stop, which will be described in more detail later.

Approximately half the length of the stationary part 23, a block 35 is fixed in the parade 21, by two transverse pins 37 which pass through the block 35 and the drill string 21 with an interference fit, and by an additional weld 39, so that the block 35 is firmly stuck , even if after long use maybe a cross pin 37 should fall out once. The block 35 is pierced longitudinally along the axis of the shaft 43. Before and behind the block sits in each case a clamping disc 41, which is also pierced coaxially with the axis of the soul 43, namely the rear with the same diameter as the bore of the block 35, the front with a smaller diameter.

Transverse to the block 35 in this and through the wall of the front part 25 of the stationary part 23 of the parade 21 through, in addition a radial stop pin 45 is taken. The holes of the clamping plates 41 and the block 35 pass through an axis 47 coaxial to the axis of the shaft 47, on the front end of a nut 49 is screwed, which rests on the front clamping plate 41. The axis 47 opens at the rear into a piston 51 which is slidably guided in the bore of the stationary part 23. Between the rear clamping plate 41 and piston 51 there is a distance of about 100 mm, in which a cup spring package 53 is introduced. The plate spring assembly 53 is penetrated by the axis 47 and is supported on the rear clamping plate 41 on the one hand and the piston 51 on the other. The axis is thus displaceable against the force of the plate spring package 53 in the block 35. However, since the front clamping plate 41 has a smaller bore diameter than the block 35, there must be discontinued 47 also the axis. Thus, the front clamping plate 41 between the shoulder of the axis 47 and the Nut 49 is trapped, moves forward during compression of the diaphragm spring assembly 53 and prevents the piston 51 moves further back than it is allowed by the length of the shaft 47 and the position of the block 35.

The stop pin 45 is in a longitudinal groove of the axis 47 in, which is open to the front. The rear end of the longitudinal groove opposite the stop pin 45 an emergency stop which prevents the piston 51 and thus the axis 47 moves unduly far forward when about the weld 39 should break. In the first place, however, the stopper pin 45 serves to allow the nut 49 to be released or pulled out without the piston 51 or the pipe socket 59 being able to rotate against the stationary part 23.

The front end of the piston 51 is still sitting in front of the shoulder 33, which forms an extension in the parade 21. A piece behind the shoulder 33, the piston 51 expands to form an outer shoulder 55. Between the paragraphs 33 and 55 there is a free space, the piston can travel forward before the two paragraphs 33 and 55 sit on each other. Thus, the two paragraphs 33 and 55 form another stop, which limits the forward movement of the piston 51.

The piston 51 is continued at the rear by a thin-walled pipe socket 59, which protrudes to the rear out of the stationary part 23 and expands a little further back. The front edge of the extension and the rear edge of the stationary part 23 form the main stop, around which the piston 51, together with the pipe socket 59 and the axis 47 with nut 49, can move forward. These components thus form the moving part of the parade 21.

The pipe socket 59 is turned inside and has the diameter of a sharp cartridge chamber. But it is shorter than this, because the front of the drill cartridge bearing 57, a buffer body 61 is attached, which has a bore which can penetrate only the tip 15 of the drill cartridge 1, but not a sharp cartridge or maneuver cartridge. The buffer body 61 is supported on the piston 51. A ring 63 serves to disassemble the buffer body 61.

If a paring cartridge 1 is pushed by the weapon lock into the drill cartridge bearing 57, it is supported by the annular step 3 on the buffer body 61 via the piston 51. The shock is then transmitted to the piston 51 and the parts firmly connected with it. The piston 51 accordingly gives way to the stationary part 23 under the support of the cup spring assembly 53, but decelerates before the stop pin 45 and longitudinal groove, the shoulders 33 and 55 and the part of the large diameter pipe socket 59 and the rear part of the stationary Part 23 each sit on each other.

Thus, the closure is buffered on the Exerzierpatrone 1 on the buffer body 61 and from there via the piston 51 on the plate spring package 53.

If a sharp cartridge, an exercise cartridge or a maneuver cartridge is accidentally loaded, then it sits with the grenade, the projectile or the grenade dummy on the buffer body 61, but can not penetrate into the bore. A sharp cartridge can not be supplied, since the bullet shape does not go through the backdrop, which is formed by the pipe socket 59. Subsequently, the piston 51 and the associated parts spring forward, but only a maximum of a distance that is shorter than the path that would be required so that the knock-down of the Grenade launcher would be triggered. It is therefore not possible to ignite such a cartridge in the parade 21.

The resilient buffer body 61 is interchangeable with another if it should have been damaged or if differently shaped drill cartridges are to be used than the drill cartridge 1 of the example shown. The ring 63 is made of harder, yielding and / or resilient material. About the ring 63 and a pull rod of the resilient buffer body 61 can be pulled out of the pipe socket 59.

The buffer body 61 is longer than the annular step 3 of the paring cartridge 1, to allow the formation of a protective zone with respect to the ring 63, thus providing a buffer zone.

If a special plastic maneuver cartridge (not shown) is to be fired in the parade 21, it must correspond to the parade 1 from the outer shape. In addition, the buffer body 61 and the ring 63 must be made of a material which is resistant to the temperature and chemical composition of the launcher gases. Preferably, the axis 4 is also pierced in the middle, so that forward, even before the mother 49, the committee takes place.

The ignition of the special plastic maneuver cartridge is the same as with the sharp cartridge. However, a retard burning set delays the burning of the charge by a few milliseconds, so that before the closure of the grenade launcher comes to a standstill. When the charge is burned, the plastic maneuver cartridge pushes back the shutter and accelerates it so that it can perform the reload.

Claims (11)

1. A practice device for self-loading grenade launchers, having at least one dummy cartridge (1) and a drill barrel (21),
   characterised in that the practice device comprises a dummy cartridge chamber (59) into which the dummy cartridge can be introduced, but into which the service cartridge cannot be introduced, or not to the extent that firing can occur, wherein the dummy cartridge chamber (59) is buffered in order to make the energy of breech harmless.
2. A practice device according to Claim 1,
   characterised in that the dummy cartridge (1) has the dimensions of a service cartridge in the region of the cartridge head and of the parts contained by the belt, and the dummy cartridge (1) in its front part corresponding to the bullet of a service cartridge is shorter and/or has a smaller diameter than the service cartridge.
3. A practice device according to Claim 2,
   characterised in that the dummy cartridge (1) at its tip (15), preferably to roughly 20 mm measured rearwards from the tip, comprises a diameter that is greatly reduced and preferably is just roughly half the calibre diameter (shoulder 3).
4. A practice device according to one of Claims 2 or 3,
   characterised in that the dummy cartridge (1) laterally comprises a recess (17) running in the longitudinal direction of the dummy cartridge (1), which receives a projection of a belt element and when practicing with the weapon permits its rearward displacement.
5. A practice device according to one of Claims 2 to 4,
   characterised in that the dummy cartridge (1) is hollow when viewed from the rear.
6. A practice device according to one of Claims 2 to 5,
   characterised in that the dummy cartridge (1) has such a wall thickness that its weight and/or its balance corresponds roughly to that of a service cartridge.
7. A practice device according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that in the drill barrel (21) there is provided a soft and/or resilient insert (61), which is fixedly connected to at least one part (59) of the drill barrel (1) and against which the service cartridge strikes prior to complete introduction into the dummy cartridge chamber (57), but the dummy cartridge (1) in contrast can be inserted completely unimpeded.
8. A practice device according to Claim 7,
   characterised in that a rear part (47, 51, 59) of the drill barrel (21) together with the insert (57) is displaceable in a resilient and non-twist manner towards the front part (23) of the drill barrel (21) anchored in a stationary position in the weapon.
9. A practice device according to Claim 8,
   characterised in that a bundle of disc springs (53) is provided between the insert (61) and the rear part (47, 51, 59) of the drill barrel (21) on the one hand and the front part (23) of the drill barrel (21) anchored in the weapon on the other hand.
10. A practice device according to one of Claims 7 to 9,
    characterised in that at least one stop (45, 33) is provided at the front part (23) of the drill barrel (21) anchored in the weapon, which stop limits the spring travel of the rear part (47, 51, 59) of the drill barrel (21) and of the insert (61) to such an extent that no firing of a service cartridge can occur.
11. A practice device according to one of Claims 1 to 10,
    characterised in that at least the front part (25) of the drill barrel (21) protruding from the weapon is coated differently to the service barrel.

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