EP2003316B1 - Anpassung einer gewichteten Drossel - Google Patents

Anpassung einer gewichteten Drossel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2003316B1
EP2003316B1 EP20070110342 EP07110342A EP2003316B1 EP 2003316 B1 EP2003316 B1 EP 2003316B1 EP 20070110342 EP20070110342 EP 20070110342 EP 07110342 A EP07110342 A EP 07110342A EP 2003316 B1 EP2003316 B1 EP 2003316B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
throttle
throttle area
optimization
weight
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP20070110342
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2003316A1 (de
Inventor
Jan-Ola Olsson
Stefan Solyom
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volvo Car Corp
Original Assignee
Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority to EP20070110342 priority Critical patent/EP2003316B1/de
Publication of EP2003316A1 publication Critical patent/EP2003316A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
    • F02D41/2464—Characteristics of actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
    • F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
    • F02D11/10—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
    • F02D11/105—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type characterised by the function converting demand to actuation, e.g. a map indicating relations between an accelerator pedal position and throttle valve opening or target engine torque
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
    • F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
    • F02D11/10—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
    • F02D2011/101—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type characterised by the means for actuating the throttles
    • F02D2011/102—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type characterised by the means for actuating the throttles at least one throttle being moved only by an electric actuator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D2041/1433—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a model or simulation of the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2477—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by the method used for learning

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a system for controlling an air/fuel relationship of an internal combustion engine having a throttle and an intake manifold in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
  • Throttle area is an important parameter in air-mass flow computation for an internal combustion engine.
  • a nominal throttle area is given, that describes a new throttle, which is the throttle without any contamination.
  • Throttle area adaptation is a well known method for compensating for such deviations. Throttle area adaptation uses measurements and models of variables that under some circumstances may be used to calculate the true throttle area. The parameters of a correction equation may be estimated through comparing the true throttle area to the modelled throttle area.
  • US 2003196639 relates to a method and apparatus that compensates throttle area in an engine control system with an electronic throttle using intake diagnostic residuals that represent differences between actual and estimated airflow and actual and estimated manifold absolute pressure (MAP). These residual values can be used individually, averaged or otherwise weighted.
  • a plurality of tables relate throttle area, breakpoint numbers, flow loss factors and residual values. An absolute value of a difference between the rounded first breakpoint number and the first breakpoint number is compared to a hysteresis calibration value. Certain of the tables are only updated with weighted values if the absolute value is less than the hysteresis calibration value. At least one of the tables is updated based on the intake diagnostic residuals to generate a compensated throttle area.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved system for controlling an air/fuel relationship of an internal combustion engine having a throttle and an intake manifold that may eliminate or at least reduce the problems described above.
  • this object is achieved in accordance with claim 1, which specifies a system for controlling an air/fuel relationship of an internal combustion engine having a throttle and an intake manifold, characterised in that it comprises: means for calculating a true throttle area based on sampled measurements of operational data and models of variables where each data sample is weighted by a weight factor determining its importance and; means for estimating parameters of a correction equation through comparing the true throttle area to a modelled throttle area and minimizing the estimation error through optimization; and means for using the correction equation for controlling the air/fuel relationship of the internal combustion engine.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for controlling an air/fuel relationship of an internal combustion engine having a throttle and an intake manifold that may eliminate or at least reduce the problems described above.
  • this object is achieved in accordance with claim 7, which specifies a method for controlling an air/fuel relationship of an internal combustion engine having a throttle and an intake manifold, characterised in that it comprises the steps of: calculating a true throttle area based on sampled measurements of operational data and models of variables where each data sample is weighted by a weight factor determining its importance and; estimating parameters of a correction equation through comparing the true throttle area to a modelled throttle area and minimizing the estimation error through optimization; using the correction equation for controlling the air/fuel relationship of the internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention relates to a system for controlling an air/fuel relationship of an internal combustion engine based on throttle area adaptation using measurements and models of variables to calculate a true throttle area.
  • Measurements may comprise measurements of pressure in an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine upstream and down-stream of the throttle, throttle angle, temperatures at various locations in the intake manifold etc..
  • parameters of a correction equation may be estimated. It especially addresses the problem of over fitting the estimates. This is a natural problem when the data used in the identification is not uniformly distributed.
  • weighted adaptation i.e. an adaptation which is based on the optimization of a weighted loss function.
  • the data from the measurements may be weighted, i.e. the cost function receives data weighted by a factor which determines its "importance" in the optimization problem.
  • the measured data samples for adaptation will be given a lower weight, i.e. the samples will not be fully taken into consideration in the optimization. This will cause the adaptation to freeze before the error is fully removed in one operating point.
  • the weight is again increased in order to allow adaptation at full speed.
  • This optimization problem may be solved in a number of ways.
  • a preferred method is presented, namely the recursive weighted least squares method.
  • e(t) y ( t ) - ⁇ T ( t ) ⁇ ( t -1)
  • ⁇ ( t ) are the regressors
  • y ( t ) is the measurement
  • ⁇ is the forgetting factor used in the algorithm.
  • Another alternative is to use a continuously updated histogram with a forgetting factor. As long as the bin of the actual operating point in the histogram contains a low or moderate fraction of the samples, the weight is high. When the fraction of samples in the bin of the operating point exceeds a desired amount, the associated weight is reduced. The reduced weight should also reduce the forgetting factor, such that the update of the histogram is consistent with the use of samples.
  • weighting functions Some examples of weighting functions will be given below. The commonality for these functions is that they tend to return a small weight if the data point is often encountered and a high weight otherwise.
  • a more advanced method of weighting the data is by classifying and counting the data points. In this way the number of data points from each group U i , accounted for in the optimization is limited.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ are tuning parameters.
  • the first two are self explanatory while the third is a time constant that act as a forgetting factor for the counted data points.
  • Throttle area is an important parameter, in air-mass flow computation.
  • a nominal throttle area is given, that describes a new throttle, i.e. the throttle without any contamination. Due to dirt loading on the throttle during usage and also individual differences between throttles, the modelled throttle area may deviate from the true area. To compensate for this, throttle area adaptation is the preferred method.
  • Throttle area adaptation uses measurements and models of variables that under some circumstances may be used to calculate the true throttle area. Through comparing the true throttle area to the modelled throttle area, the parameters of a correction equation may be estimated. In the following an affine correction is considered, however, as will be evident to the person skilled in the art, the method may be easily used for higher order corrections as well.
  • Figure 2 shows a histogram over the data. Notice that most of the data points are sampled when the throttle is up to 20% opened.
  • Figure 3 shows the same data set as above with sorting based weighting in accordance with algorithm 8 as presented above. Observe that the estimation is switched off during lack of excitation, i.e. shortly after the start of the sequence, due to the fact that the weight factors at that time are very small.
  • Figure 4 shows the distribution of the weights resulting from the algorithm. Notice that the first bin is reduced by a factor of 100 for ease of readability as a large majority of all samples are awarded a very low weight.
  • an Engine Control Unit which comprises a system as described above.
  • the Engine Control Unit also known as an Engine Management System (EMS)
  • EMS Engine Management System
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • processor shared, dedicated, or group
  • memory that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, or other suitable components that provide the described functionality.
  • an automotive vehicle which comprises such an Engine Control Unit.
  • an automotive vehicle which comprises a system as described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. System zur Steuerung eines Luft - Kraftstoff - Verhältnisses eines Verbrennungsmotors, der eine Drosselklappe und einen Ansaugkrümmer hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es folgendes umfasst:
    Mittel zum Berechnen einer wahren Drosselklappenfläche, basierend auf gesammelten Messungen von Betriebsdaten und Modellen von Variablen, wobei jeder Datenwert durch einen, seine Wichtigkeit bestimmenden, Gewichtungsfaktor gewichtet wird;
    Mittel zum Abschätzen von Kennwerten einer Korrekturgleichung durch Vergleichen der wahren Drosselklappenfläche mit einer modellierten Drosselklappenfläche und Minimieren des Schätzfehlers durch Optimierung; und
    Mittel zum Nutzen der Korrekturgleichung zur Steuerung des Luft - Kraftstoff - Verhältnisses eines Verbrennungsmotors.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Gewichtungsfunktion umfasst, die dafür ausgelegt ist, jeden Datenwert so zu gewichten, dass der Wert eine niedrige Gewichtung bekommt, wenn eine vorbestimmte Zeit am gleichen Betriebspunkt verbracht wird, und dass die Gewichtung des Wertes vergrößert wird, wenn ein neuer Betriebspunkt erreicht wird.
  3. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gewichtungsfunktion durch Filtern eines Drosselklappenwinkels oder einer Nenn- Drosselklappenfläche erbracht wird, wobei ein Filter genutzt wird, das Hochpasseigenschaften aufweist, so dass im Gefolge einer Änderung des Betriebspunkts der Ausgang für eine vorbestimmte Zeit hoch ist.
  4. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gewichtungsfunktion durch Nutzen eines ständig auf den neuesten Stand gebrachten Histogramms mit einem Vergessensfaktor erbracht wird, wobei solange der Bin eines tatsächlichen Betriebspunkt im Histogramm einen vorbestimmten geringen oder moderaten Anteil der Datenwerte enthält, die Gewichtung hoch ist, und die zugeordnete Gewichtung reduziert wird, wenn der Anteil der Datenwerte in dem Bin des Betriebspunktes eine vorbestimmte Menge übersteigt.
  5. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Minimieren des Schätzfehlers durch Optimierung so ausgelegt sind, dass sie diesen Vorgang unter Verwendung der rekursiven Methode der gewichteten kleinsten Quadrate durchführen.
  6. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Minimieren des Schätzfehlers durch Optimierung so ausgelegt sind, dass sie diesen Vorgang unter Verwendung der Gradientenmethode durchführen.
  7. Verfahren zum Steuern eines Luft - Kraftstoff - Verhältnisses eines Verbrennungsmotors, der eine Drosselklappe und einen Ansaugkrümmer hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Berechnen einer wahren Drosselklappenfläche, basierend auf gesammelten Messungen von Betriebsdaten und Modellen von Variablen, wobei jeder Datenwert durch einen, seine Wichtigkeit bestimmenden, Gewichtungsfaktor gewichtet wird; und
    Abschätzen von Kennwerten einer Korrekturgleichung durch Vergleichen der wahren Drosselklappentläche mit einer modellierten Drosselklappenfläche und Minimieren des Schätzfehlers durch Optimierung;
    Nutzen der Korrekturgleichung zur Steuerung des Luft - Kraftstoff - Verhältnisses eines Verbrennungsmotors.
  8. Eine Motorsteuerungseinheit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 umfasst.
  9. Ein Kraftfahrzeug, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Motorsteuerungseinheit nach Anspruch 8 umfasst.
  10. Ein Kraftfahrzeug, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 umfasst.
EP20070110342 2007-06-15 2007-06-15 Anpassung einer gewichteten Drossel Expired - Fee Related EP2003316B1 (de)

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EP2003316A1 EP2003316A1 (de) 2008-12-17
EP2003316B1 true EP2003316B1 (de) 2011-06-22

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113288087B (zh) * 2021-06-25 2022-08-16 成都泰盟软件有限公司 一种基于生理信号的虚实联动实验系统

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6698398B2 (en) 2002-04-23 2004-03-02 General Motors Corporation Compensation of throttle area using intake diagnostic residuals
US7024305B2 (en) * 2004-02-20 2006-04-04 General Motors Corporation Airflow variation learning using electronic throttle control
US6957140B1 (en) * 2004-07-14 2005-10-18 General Motors Corporation Learned airflow variation
JP4450228B2 (ja) * 2005-10-28 2010-04-14 株式会社デンソー エンジン制御装置

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