EP2002414A1 - Dispositif de calcul de données de trafic - Google Patents

Dispositif de calcul de données de trafic

Info

Publication number
EP2002414A1
EP2002414A1 EP07712503A EP07712503A EP2002414A1 EP 2002414 A1 EP2002414 A1 EP 2002414A1 EP 07712503 A EP07712503 A EP 07712503A EP 07712503 A EP07712503 A EP 07712503A EP 2002414 A1 EP2002414 A1 EP 2002414A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radio
energy
contact
contact element
data
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07712503A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dirk Overzier
Christof Herrlich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Datacollect Traffic Systems GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Datacollect Traffic Systems GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Datacollect Traffic Systems GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Datacollect Traffic Systems GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2002414A1 publication Critical patent/EP2002414A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F11/00—Road engineering aspects of Embedding pads or other sensitive devices in paving or other road surfaces, e.g. traffic detectors, vehicle-operated pressure-sensitive actuators, devices for monitoring atmospheric or road conditions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/02—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using treadles built into the road

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for determining data.
  • the determination of data relates, for example, to the determination of related data.
  • the determination of elemental data is used, for example, for traffic analysis, said elements being formed by moving objects (e.g., vehicles).
  • the device then serves, for example, to determine the presence, position, quantity, type (classification) and speed measurement of moving objects or vehicles of all kinds.
  • the determination of vehicle-related data can be limited to counting vehicles only.
  • a person counts passing vehicles and documents the results obtained.
  • the vehicles are visually detected by the counter, and then transferred to a hand-held computer or scoring sheet.
  • the data quality depends significantly on the count and decreases drastically with increasing counting time due to, for example, fatigue, Therefore, manual node captures can only be performed in short periods of approximately 2 hours, which is why at intersections each layer about 3-4 people are needed, to ensure a sufficiently accurate detection even at traffic peaks.
  • the disadvantage is that the respective person must be on site over the entire period of time. This is uncomfortable depending on the wind and weather conditions. Also, fog or darkness can complicate the count.
  • the determination of vehicle-related data may also include a measurement of the speed.
  • a video image is digitally evaluated and the vehicle quantities are stored.
  • the video camera must be installed so that it can capture the node from a bird's eye view to avoid overshadowing vehicles (truck covered car). For this, either a walk-in high building or a high mast with up to 30- 40 m height is necessary. Both are rare.
  • video capture is weather dependent, i. in strong sun, rain, fog or at night, the quality of detection decreases sharply.
  • induction detection the vehicles are detected by induction sensors embedded in the road or mounted on the road surface. At many junctions, induction sensors are not installed or can not be used for data acquisition because they are needed for the signal control of Ampelan hunts. Mobile induction sensors are expensive (about 10 ⁇ EUR per lane), the acquisition of an intersection makes an investment of currently ca, 12 000 EUR for equipment necessary. In addition, the induction loops are permanently destroyed by the load, for example by trucks.
  • Mobile induction loops consist of a wire, which is fixed with 2-3 turns in rectangular or square shape on the road.
  • the induction loop can theoretically be laid in the roadway, but the roadway must be milled, which makes no sense for a mobile acquisition for cost reasons.
  • the sensor is clearly visible, which often causes irritation to the road users (abrupt deceleration, avoidance, deliberate braking on the lines to destroy them).
  • This sen- A magnetic loop detector is disadvantageous in that its installation requires opening the road. It is also susceptible to damage due to thermal expansion of the road and is not designed to be able to differentiate closely spaced vehicles.
  • geomagnetic field systems can be used. These are mounted by means of a protective mat on the road, with an internal battery ensures the energy supply. The battery can only record about 10 days of data. The system is expensive to buy since all electronic components are integrated in the system. Damage to this system can only be repaired at great expense. In addition, such systems are permanently destroyed by the vehicles / clearing vehicles driving over them.
  • DE 198 17 008 A1 describes a method and an arrangement for analyzing traffic and a sensor for this purpose.
  • the detection of the measured data is based on the device described therein on a magnetic field detector, consisting of one or more magnetically variable resistors.
  • a first magnetic field sensor includes a magnetically variable resistor that can change its resistance when exposed to a magnetic field.
  • the magnetically variable resistor has a bias, wherein a change in resistance corresponding to the applied magnetic field is detected by an amplifier.
  • the amplifier generates a first analog signal indicating the change in resistance of the magnetically variable resistor.
  • the counted and stored values can be evaluated.
  • US 5,408,179 describes a measuring device based on a magnetic field.
  • a sensor is provided in which a ferromagnetic strip has a conductive winding wound around it.
  • a permanent magnet is disposed adjacent one end of the ferromagnetic strip. The magnet magnetizes the ferromagnetic strip.
  • An electronic circuit generates an analog signal that is representative of the
  • Inductance of the winding is when the earth's magnetic field is disturbed.
  • Another electronic circuit digitizes the analog signal at certain time intervals to produce a series of digitizing values.
  • the microprocessor finally processes the determined values.
  • the problem is that the sensors have premagnetization errors and the entire device used in the road is complicated and expensive due to the necessarily precisely matched components.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device for the detection of data, which is on the one hand inexpensive to produce, on the other hand, the device should be fast and easy to install on site and cause only low costs during operation.
  • the maintenance and servicing must be quick and easy to carry out and the maintenance intervals should be as long as possible.
  • the device should be as resistant to environmental influences and vandalism.
  • the device should be usable for traffic data acquisition.
  • a device for determining data comprising
  • a contact element arranged such that movable elements come into contact with it, a source of energy associated with the contact element,
  • a measurement element which is connected to the energy source and is then supplied with energy necessary for a measurement and performs a measurement when a movable element comes into contact with the contact element, a radio module which
  • a radio receiver for receiving the radio signals of the radio module.
  • the device is suitable for the determination of almost any data. It is essential that the energy source supplies energy only when it is needed, whereby the energy supply is initiated by the moving elements to be measured.
  • the moving elements can actuate a switch which, for example, briefly closes a circuit and supplies the measuring element and the radio module with sufficient energy.
  • the type of energy source is almost arbitrary, it may for example be formed by a battery, a solar or wind module, but it is also a connection to the public power grid, for example, via an existing lantern or traffic lights, possible.
  • the switch can be designed according to the invention as a band switch, which is laid in a traffic monitoring transversely to the direction of travel on the road or over a path. This is then run over by the vehicles and switched.
  • a band switch consists for example of two copper-plated metal bands, which are held by an insulator at a distance. Pressure at any length of the band switch causes the two metal bands to touch and thus result in a closed contact.
  • Band switches can also be integrated in floor mats and switched by pedestrians.
  • the invention is then particularly suitable for counting persons who visit, for example, a shop or an event.
  • the device is thus suitable for a very wide field of use, for example, the device can be used for counting people or for the determination of personal data.
  • the device can also be used on a relatively soft ground, for example a clay or sandy soil.
  • the kinetic energy of the moving elements can advantageously also be used to generate the necessary energy.
  • the energy source is then formed by a component having, for example, a piezoelectric element.
  • a cable is arranged in an elongate, hose-like body, which is attached to the free end of the elongated body and connects with its other end to a piezoelectric element.
  • This rope is stretched at a certain height and is depressed by a vehicle or a foot overrun.
  • a piezoelectronic film is pulled, whereby electrical energy is generated. This electrical energy is used for the measuring element and the radio module.
  • the cable may for example be connected to a permanent magnet, which in turn connects at its other end, for example, to a coil spring.
  • the permanent magnet By depressing and releasing the rope, the permanent magnet is set in vibration, whereby voltage is generated in a coil surrounding the permanent magnet.
  • a circuit board is also conceivable, which is arranged below the permanent magnet and is embedded in the coil.
  • a neodynium-based permanent magnet is suitable.
  • a different mechanism which interact with a piezoelectric element or another, a voltage-generating element.
  • a hose can be used, which compresses the air inside it when driving over.
  • a switch is arranged which cooperates with a pin which is driven out of the compressed force upon compression of the tube.
  • a permanent magnet can be used, which is set in motion by the air pressure. He can, for example, with a spring element cooperate or merely be triggered by the air pressure, to then be moved back and forth between two spring-loaded elements.
  • a comparator which ensures that only a significant movement of the permanent magnet triggers a measurement and a radio signal. As a result, it can be prevented that, for example, oscillations of the permanent magnet generated due to wind or other movements are disregarded.
  • the comparator thus sets a threshold at which signals are registered and processed.
  • the device uses the contact or the operation of the switch through the elements, but independent of these data, such as environmental data, climatic data, etc., determined.
  • the device according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for traffic data acquisition, because the measuring device can be applied to the road surface both in the version with belt switch and with a mechanism for the transmission of kinetic energy to a piezo element, an introduction into the road surface with all the disadvantages associated therewith can be avoided.
  • Gluing onto the roadway using a flexible adhesive tape is particularly advantageous, so that the contact element is enclosed between the road surface and the adhesive tape. It is also possible that the measuring device is completely adhered to the road surface wrapped in adhesive tape.
  • a particularly tough and effective bond can be achieved with a fiberglass (GRP) network glued with a bitumen-based adhesive.
  • GRP fiberglass-plastic bitumen adhesive tape
  • a significant advantage in the attachment of the measuring device with an adhesive tape is that a blocking of the road is not necessary.
  • the sticking of the contact elements can be carried out in a few seconds, a red phase of a traffic light crossing may be sufficient for this purpose, a blockage of the road with all the associated disadvantages and Ri can be avoided. It is only essential that the mechanism for the piezoelectric element or the band switch is reliably triggered on account of the moving elements to be measured.
  • the fiberglass-plastic bitumen tape should therefore have some flexibility.
  • the band switch or the contact element can also be accommodated in a fixed pocket, which is located on the adhesive tape and is firmly sewn to the fiberglass mesh.
  • the bituminous adhesive is thus located substantially on the side of the fiberglass plastic net facing the road, the pocket for the band switch on the side facing the vehicles or persons.
  • the contact element is inserted into pocket and then sewn. This prevents theft and vandalism.
  • An essential advantage of this arrangement is also that the bag is sufficiently flexible that contact element is thus safely operated by the vehicles or elements.
  • the radio module is arranged. This preferably transmits only when an electrical pulse has been generated due to a moving vehicle via a contact element.
  • the radio signal or the radio telegram is received by a radio receiver which is arranged in the environment of the radio module. It is essential that each radiotelegram not only contains the vehicle-related data, but also has data that allows a clear assignment to the connected to the respective radio module measuring device. This means that in a crossing area a plurality of measuring devices can be laid, preferably on each individual lane of the road, but only one radio receiver must be centrally located in the crossing area. Since the radio telegrams allow a clear assignment to the respective measuring devices, it is possible to identify and evaluate vehicle-related data per lane.
  • the radio module can be formed by any radio module that is able to use kinetic energy.
  • it may be formed by an energy-independent electromechanical radio switch, which is described in DE 102 56 156 Al.
  • the radio modules described therein send radio telegrams, which can contain a large amount of information.
  • Associated radio receivers that can receive and read the radio telegram NEN, are also sold by ENOcean.
  • radio telegrams are preferably encrypted. It has been shown that a 32-bit encryption is suitable for the mentioned requirements.
  • a significant advantage of using radio telegrams is that they are only sent when an energy pulse is actually generated. In this respect, it is possible to use a standardized 868 MHz radio network, which requires that a so-called duty cycle of 1% is not exceeded. This limitation avoids continuous sparking, so relatively little interference is generated at this frequency.
  • the 868 MHz radio frequency is particularly suitable for the use of the invention, but of course other frequencies can be used for transmitting the radio telegrams.
  • a further simplification of the installation of the device on site can also be achieved by applying the contact elements to the road with the aid of numbered adhesive tapes.
  • the band switches or mechanisms for power generation may already be connected to or wrapped by the tape when transported to its destination.
  • This has the advantage that software that evaluates the radio telegrams can already be programmed in advance. If, for example, a busy and large intersection is equipped with devices according to the invention, it is clear in advance which measuring device will be installed on which lane of the intersection. On the one hand, this facilitates the programming and simulation of traffic recording, but it also facilitates the work on site. After all measuring devices have been placed in place or on their respective track, it is only necessary to set up the radio receiver in a place that can reach all radiotelegrams. For example, the above radio modules have a range of about 300 m.
  • the radio receiver is the only component that requires an external power supply independent of the moving elements. This can be ensured for example by batteries, accumulators or by a connection to the public power grid. In particular, it is also the use of renewable energy, such as sun or Wind energy.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for a fitting of bicycle lanes. It is also advantageous that the applied with tape mechanics or band switch by a cyclist due to the low height are not bothersome.
  • two measuring devices are arranged at a certain distance from one another per lane.
  • the fact that a vehicle passes the two measuring devices in succession, can be deduced the direction of travel, also the speed of the vehicle can be calculated.
  • two measuring devices are assigned to only one radio module, this then differentiated depending on the version depending on the version depending on the device or sent undifferentiated.
  • a motion impulse causes the measuring device to also determine environmental data in addition to the element or vehicle-related data and to send it via the radio signal or telegram, for example bit-coded for further evaluation.
  • environmental data can be, for example, CO, CO 2 , NO x and fine dust concentrations, temperature, air humidity, de-icing salt concentration or acoustic data such as resulting noise level.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a construction of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a second invention Embodiment of the device
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a construction of a third variant of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a construction of a fourth variant of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a road intersection, equipped with devices according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 a contact element according to the invention on an adhesive tape in plan view.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrate different embodiments of a device 20 according to the invention.
  • measuring devices 24 can be arranged, which each have a radio module 26 and together form a measuring and transmission module.
  • the measuring devices 24 each have a contact element 25, come into contact with the moving elements, preferably vehicles or pedestrians.
  • the contact element 25 is formed by a switch, preferably a band switch. This is applied to the road surface 24 and actuated by the moving elements.
  • Figure 1 shows only a highly simplified representation of a possible principle. Accordingly, a switch 27 arranged at the end of the band switch can be connected to a spring element 29 in such a way that it is always driven back into the open position after actuation.
  • the contact element 25 is connected to a power source 31, which may be formed for example by a battery or the like. In principle, all energy sources that provide sufficient energy for a measurement and the emission of a radio message are suitable.
  • a circuit is closed and a measuring element 33 and the radio module 26 is supplied with sufficient energy.
  • the measuring element 33 is connected to the radio module 26 in such a way that the measured data can be transmitted to this, but it can also be an integral part of the radio module 26.
  • a measured measurement result is emitted by the radio module 26 to a radio receiver 30.
  • FIG. 2 differs from FIG. 1 essentially in that the contact element 25 is designed as an energy-generating unit.
  • a cable 35 is arranged, which is stretched at a certain height above the ground and can move freely.
  • the cable 35 is attached to the free end of the contact element 25, with its other end to a permanent magnet 37.
  • the latter is surrounded by a coil 39 and connected via a spring element 29, for example with a housing wall. If now the cable 35 is pressed down, the permanent magnet 37 moves inside the coil 39 and starts to oscillate. As a result, an alternating voltage is generated, with which the measuring element 33 and the radio module 26 are supplied.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant in which the cable 26 is connected to a piezoelectric element 41 instead of a permanent magnet 37.
  • the piezoelectric element 41 spans and energy is generated for the measuring element 33 and the radio module 26.
  • the radio modules 26 send radio telegrams containing the data to be evaluated, such as the duration or strength of the mechanical load. Furthermore, the radiotelegram has an unambiguous assignment to the associated measuring device 24.
  • the radio telegram is preferably encrypted, 32-bit encryption has proven to be expedient.
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant in which the contact element 25 is formed by a hose which can be compressed by the vehicles or pedestrians. As a result, the air in it is compressed and drives the permanent magnet 37, which is substantially slidable within a
  • Tube 43 is arranged, in the direction of the spring element 29. From this is the permanent magnet is driven back again.
  • the tube 43 is of a coil
  • FIG. 5 illustrates, by way of example, the arrangement of a device 20 according to the invention on a road surface 22.
  • the road surface 22 has a plurality of lanes, on each of which a measuring and transmission module is arranged.
  • the arrangement of only one measuring and transmitting module over the entire vehicle width would be possible, but this would have the disadvantage that a determination of vehicle-related data or a count of the vehicles themselves would not be possible separately for each lane.
  • the generated radio telegrams are received by the radio receiver 30, which is arranged within the radio range of the radio modules 26.
  • the radio receiver 30 has an external power source, for example batteries, accumulators or a connection to the public power grid.
  • the radio receiver 30 can be designed almost arbitrarily, for example, it can have a data memory in which the received radio telegrams are stored and stored. They can then be read out at regular intervals by an external device and further processed.
  • the radio receiver 30 may also have a radio module 26 itself via which the radio telegrams are sent to a further receiver. For example, the radio receiver
  • the radio receiver 30 should be arranged such that a secure radio connection to the radio modules 26 is given. This is particularly the case when the radio receiver 30 is disposed relatively close to the ground, since then only the wheels and tires of the vehicles interrupt the respective radio links.
  • the attachment of the contact elements 24 on the road surface 22 is preferably carried out by gluing.
  • an adhesive tape 32 shown in FIG. 6, is glued onto the contact element 25 and optionally the measuring element 33 on the roadway surface 22, so that the contact element 25 is enclosed between the adhesive tape 32 and the roadway surface 22.
  • the adhesive tape 32 is made of a durable material and an adhesive suitable for connection to the respective road surface 22. A particularly resistant connection results in asphalt roads by using a glass fiber adhesive tape, which is glued to the road surface 22 with a Bitumenkleber.
  • the adhesive tape 32 must have sufficient flexibility for the depression of the contact elements 25.
  • the contact element 25 is not arranged under the adhesive tape 32, but on the adhesive tape 32.
  • FIG 7 such an arrangement is shown from above.
  • the contact element 25 is located below a robust textile or GRP material, which is sewn to the fiberglass plastic material arranged within the adhesive tape 32, indicated by a seam 51.
  • the contact element 25 can be sewn circumferentially, but a type of pocket is conceivable, the one rapid replacement of the contact element 25 or associated components allows.
  • the device 20 is much easier to assemble, is barely perceive by their low height and is synonymous for cyclists no danger.
  • a circuit may also be constructed such that an existing circuit is not closed and interrupted, but that in a permanent circuit the necessary power supply of the measuring elements 33 and the radio modules 26 is initiated or triggered, as it were, by the contact element 25.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de calcul de données. Ce dispositif comporte : un dispositif de mesure qui est disposé de telle sorte que des éléments mobiles entrent en contact avec lui de telle sorte que leur énergie cinétique agit sur le dispositif de mesure qui convertit la tension mécanique produite par l'énergie cinétique en énergie électrique, dispositif qui réalise une mesure en utilisant exclusivement l'énergie électrique produite par l'énergie cinétique, un module radio qui est actionné exclusivement au moyen de l'énergie électrique produite par l'énergie cinétique et envoie des signaux radio qui contiennent les informations mesurées, et un récepteur radio servant à recevoir les signaux radio du module radio.
EP07712503A 2006-03-24 2007-03-09 Dispositif de calcul de données de trafic Withdrawn EP2002414A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610014148 DE102006014148B4 (de) 2006-03-24 2006-03-24 Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln von Daten
PCT/EP2007/052255 WO2007110313A1 (fr) 2006-03-24 2007-03-09 Dispositif de calcul de données de trafic

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2002414A1 true EP2002414A1 (fr) 2008-12-17

Family

ID=38016756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07712503A Withdrawn EP2002414A1 (fr) 2006-03-24 2007-03-09 Dispositif de calcul de données de trafic

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2002414A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006014148B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007110313A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2135230B1 (fr) * 2007-03-09 2013-02-20 DataCollect Traffic Systems GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de détermination de données
EP2134023A1 (fr) * 2008-06-10 2009-12-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de communication dans un réseau sans fil
DE102009049382A1 (de) 2009-10-15 2011-04-21 Weisgerber, Martin, Dr. System zur Bestimmung von Verkehrsdichte und Verkehrsdynamik
DE102011052373A1 (de) 2011-08-02 2013-02-07 Datacollect Traffic Systems Gmbh Verkehrsflächenüberwachungsvorrichtung und -verfahren
DE102018214032A1 (de) * 2018-08-20 2020-02-20 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Vorrichtung, Verfahren und System zum Warnen eines Fahrzeugführers beim Abbiegen an einer Abbiegestelle
DE102018214018A1 (de) * 2018-08-20 2020-02-20 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Vorrichtung, Verfahren und System zum Warnen eines Fahrzeugführers beim Abbiegen an einer Abbiegestelle

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US5408179A (en) 1991-09-26 1995-04-18 Sampey Scientific, Ltd. Method and apparatus for analying traffic and a sensor therefor
US5554907A (en) * 1992-05-08 1996-09-10 Mitron Systems Corporation Vehicle speed measurement apparatus
WO1996000958A1 (fr) * 1994-06-30 1996-01-11 Skidata Computer Gesellschaft M.B.H. Dispositif de detection de vehicules
US5877705A (en) 1997-04-22 1999-03-02 Nu-Metrics, Inc. Method and apparatus for analyzing traffic and a sensor therefor
DE29901878U1 (de) * 1999-02-04 2000-06-29 Zimmermann GmbH, 76646 Bruchsal Verkehrserfassungssensor
CA2310149C (fr) * 2000-05-30 2004-12-07 International Road Dynamics Inc. Capteur d'essieu de vehicule sur la route
DE10256156A1 (de) 2002-10-04 2004-04-15 Enocean Gmbh Energieautarker elektromechanischer Funkschalter
US7122944B2 (en) * 2004-01-16 2006-10-17 Tangidyne Corporation Signal generation system and method for generating signals
DE102004036729A1 (de) * 2004-07-29 2006-03-23 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zum Erfassen von Verkehrsinformationen
DE102005041671B4 (de) * 2005-09-01 2008-01-31 Datacollect Traffic Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln von Daten

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006014148B4 (de) 2008-02-14
WO2007110313A1 (fr) 2007-10-04
DE102006014148A1 (de) 2007-10-04

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