EP2002117A1 - Method for measuring an ionization current of a spark plug of the type with resonant structure, and corresponding device - Google Patents

Method for measuring an ionization current of a spark plug of the type with resonant structure, and corresponding device

Info

Publication number
EP2002117A1
EP2002117A1 EP07731715A EP07731715A EP2002117A1 EP 2002117 A1 EP2002117 A1 EP 2002117A1 EP 07731715 A EP07731715 A EP 07731715A EP 07731715 A EP07731715 A EP 07731715A EP 2002117 A1 EP2002117 A1 EP 2002117A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
measuring
short
capacitor
supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07731715A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2002117B1 (en
Inventor
André AGNERAY
Clément Nouvel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP2002117A1 publication Critical patent/EP2002117A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2002117B1 publication Critical patent/EP2002117B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P17/00—Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
    • F02P17/12—Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
    • F02P15/08—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits having multiple-spark ignition, i.e. ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
    • F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
    • F02P9/007—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P17/00—Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
    • F02P17/12—Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current
    • F02P2017/125—Measuring ionisation of combustion gas, e.g. by using ignition circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P3/00—Other installations
    • F02P3/01—Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the measurement of an ionization current of a spark plug, in particular resonant type spark plugs, fitted to ignition systems for a motor vehicle.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for so - called "radiofrequency" ignition systems comprising candles with resonant structure of the multi - spark type or BME.
  • the spark plug is responsible for the formation of an electric arc whose energy is sufficient to trigger the ignition process of the gas mixture contained in the combustion chamber of the engine.
  • This electric arc corresponds to the ionization of the gas mixture located between the electrodes of the spark plug, respectively a positive central electrode and a ground electrode.
  • the flame front can propagate. His breath can then push some of the mixture against the walls of the cylinder and the top of the piston.
  • the elevation of the pressure and temperature is so great that the fuel can remain stuck to the walls, reach its self - ignition point and then ignite in several places. This results in microexplosions producing vibrations in the acoustic domain (between about 5 and 10 KHz). These vibrations are very vivid and can quickly create hot spots that further accentuate the problem.
  • the accumulation of microexplosions will tear or melt a small amount of metal on the top of the piston and / or on the walls of the cylinder, which may lead after some time to the destruction of the piston and the walls of the cylinder.
  • the measuring means or sensors must be able to operate in a very narrow bandwidth, for example of the order of 7 kHz.
  • An object of the invention is to provide means for measuring the bias current in the case of resonant structure type candles. Another object of the invention is to propose measuring means that are sufficiently precise to be able to work in the desired narrow frequency bandwidth.
  • the invention proposes a method for measuring an ionization current of a resonant structure type candle fitted to an ignition system for a motor vehicle, in which, during a phase of ignition, said candle is supplied by a voltage generated using a previously loaded control capacitor.
  • said ionization current is measured periodically, between two ignition phases, between said regulating capacitor and the ground, after having polarized the spark plug.
  • said ionization current is measured by means of measuring means connected between said regulating capacitor and the ground, which is short-circuited during the ignition phases.
  • the measuring means are connected only between two ignition phases.
  • the ionization current is measured at the end of a damping phase during which the current flowing through the candle decreases progressively.
  • a device for measuring an ionization current of a resonant structure type candle fitted to an ignition system for a motor vehicle said spark plug being coupled to a generator comprising a regulating capacitor.
  • said generator further comprises biasing means capable of biasing the spark plug, connected between the generator and said spark plug and means for measuring the ionization current of the said spark plug, connected between the control capacitor and the ground.
  • the measuring means being connected between the control capacitor and the ground and not directly across the spark plug, it is possible to choose a low spark plug bias resistance, adapted to the current intensity of the spark plug. ionization, which is generally less than 1 mA, and a particular frequency band, for example the frequency band of observation of pinging phenomena.
  • the device may further comprise controllable short-circuit means capable of short-circuiting the measuring means.
  • the measuring means may comprise a measurement resistor.
  • the short-circuit means may comprise a short-circuit transistor connected between the regulation capacitor and the ground, and controlled by a short-circuit voltage generator, and a bias supply connected between the measuring resistance and the mass and adapted to bias said short-circuit transistor.
  • the bias supply may comprise on the one hand a supply resistor and a local power supply connected in series, and on the other hand a supply capacitor connected in parallel with the supply resistor and the power supply. local power supply, between the measuring resistor and the mass.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 illustrates more precisely one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows in more detail a module of one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 represents a chronogram of different steps of an embodiment of the invention
  • Figures 5 and 6 show embodiments of another block of the invention.
  • the reference SYS represents an ignition system for a motor vehicle comprising a BR candle of resonant structure type, well known to those skilled in the art, and described, for example, in French patent applications FR 2 859 830. , FR 2 589 869, FR 2 859 831, in the name of the Applicant.
  • the spark plug BR comprises a resonant assembly RS 1 (called coil-plug), comprising an inductive coil L1 and a capacitor C1 which comprises in this example a 1-ceramic base assembly. 2-center electrode 3.
  • the BR candle is connected to a GEN generator capable of generating a voltage called "intermediate voltage" high value.
  • This high voltage is supplied by the central electrode 3 of capacitor C1.
  • An electric arc occurs when the current passes between the central electrode 3 and a ground electrode 4, generating a spark 5.
  • the BR candle is connected to GEN generator via a DHT stage called "high voltage driver” connected in series with decoupling means MDEC.
  • MPOL spark plug bias means are connected parallel to the high voltage driver DHT and decoupling means MDEC.
  • the generator GEN comprises measuring means MMES able to measure the ionization current Ii flowing through the candle
  • FIG. 2 illustrates in more detail an embodiment of the blocks of SYS system according to the invention.
  • the GEN generator can be produced using a voltage booster type "boost”, according to the expression of the skilled person.
  • the generator GEN comprises a supply Vbat here of 12 volts, able to charge a coil called "tank" BRES connected by a first terminal bl to the supply Vbat.
  • the charging of the BRES coil is controlled by a transistor M1 connected between the other terminal b2 of the BRES coil and the ground.
  • the transistor M1 is controlled by a voltage generator GM1.
  • the tank coil BRES discharges into the part of the circuit connected to its terminal b2, via a rectifying diode DR, at a voltage greater than the voltage of 12 volts delivered by the power supply.
  • the generator GEN comprises a so-called "ballast" capacitor Cb connected to the output of the rectifying diode DR.
  • the generator GEN is connected to the high voltage driver DHT fed by the intermediate voltage Vint, and controlled by a control signal Scom by control means MCOM.
  • the Scom control signal is directly at the origin of the creation of the spark generation by the BR candle.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the high voltage driver DHT. This comprises an assembly formed of a coil L2 and a capacitor C2 connected in parallel, receiving as input the intermediate voltage Vint.
  • the assembly L2-C2 is connected at the output to a control transistor M5 receiving on its control electrode the control signal Scom.
  • the control signal Scom corresponds to a pulse train, generated periodically.
  • the transistor M5 charges the coil L2, which resonates with the capacitor C2 and the resonant assembly RS 1, so as to produce high voltage pulses at the natural frequency of the spark plug BR.
  • the resonant assembly RS 1 When the resonant assembly RS 1 is excited at its natural frequency, and if its quality factor is high (for example greater than 40), a very high voltage results at the terminals of the capacitor C 1.
  • the central electrode of the spark plug BR which is one of the terminals of the capacitor C l, is then brought to a very high voltage capable of triggering sparks.
  • the excitation generated by the high voltage driver DHT is transmitted to the resonant structure RS l of the spark plug BR via the decoupling means MDEC, here a decoupling capacitor Cd.
  • the decoupling capacitor Cd prevents the continuous connection between the intermediate voltage Vint and the central electrode of the candle 3. This break in connection prevents electric shocks or electrocutions to human beings.
  • the function of the decoupling capacitor Cd is to prevent this type of charge transfer.
  • the generator may be a lift-type transformer that prevents DC transfer. In this case, the use of a decoupling capacitor is no longer necessary.
  • MPOL polarization means are used to maintain a preferentially positive polarization after the generation of the spark, on the central electrode 3 of the BR candle.
  • the biasing means MPOL may be formed by a resistor Rpol connected between the output of the rectifying diode DR delivering the intermediate voltage Vint and the output of the decoupling means MDEC, here the capacitor Cd.
  • a simple solution to measure then the The ionization current would be to connect across the polarization resistor Rpol a circuit capable of dividing the value of the voltage, converting the value of the voltage thus divided into current, and then measuring it.
  • These conventional assemblies and well known to those skilled in the art can be achieved using a discrete transistor differential amplifier, or an operational amplifier, or using a mounting using mirrors of current. However, these assemblies, comprising a voltage divider, reduce the accuracy required for a measurement of a very low ionization current.
  • the invention consists in using a polarization resistor with a small value so as to maintain maximum precision when measuring the ionization current, and to couple the measurement means not to the terminals of the polarization resistor Rpol but between the capacitor Cb and the mass, within the GEN generator.
  • These measurement means MMES comprise a measurement resistor Rm and a measurement terminal Bm where the ionization current is measured.
  • these measuring means MMES are associated with MCC short-circuit means comprising an INT switch connected in parallel to the measurement resistor Rm, this INT switch being controlled by a GCC short-circuit generator.
  • the switch is preferably fast and of very low impedance.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the different steps of an operating mode of the invention during a period T.
  • the transistor M1 becomes on and allows the charging of the capacitor Cb.
  • control signal Scom controls the transistor M5, with the aid of a pulsed control signal (the pulses being for example at the frequency of 5 MHz), triggering the phase ignition proper, and the generation of sparks by the BR candle.
  • the control signal becomes inactive again.
  • the ignition current (having a high amplitude) naturally and gradually attenuates within the BR candle, due to the existence of parasitic resistances.
  • the short-circuit means are active and short-circuit the measurement resistance. Therefore, the capacitor Cb is connected between the rectifying diode DR and the ground.
  • the transistor M2 renders the short-circuit means inactive, and the capacitor Cb then discharges through the measurement resistor Rm.
  • the discharge current of the capacitor Cb corresponds to the ionization current flowing through the resistance Rpol, in the candle BR then in the mixture in combustion.
  • the value of the ionization current is then measured at the measuring terminal Bm.
  • FIG. 5 represents an embodiment of the switch
  • the controllable switch is made by a transistor, here MOS type M2, whose control electrode is connected to the GCC generator.
  • MOS type M2 whose control electrode is connected to the GCC generator.
  • a bias is introduced using an Apol bias supply connected between the measurement resistor Rm and the ground.
  • the bias supply Apol comprises a capacitor Cal connected to a local supply Aloc via a supply resistor RaI.
  • the local supply Aloc can be for example a battery voltage or a power supply at 5 volts.
  • Ii (Voltage_Apol - Tension_Bm) / Rm
  • the invention thus makes it possible to measure the ionization current very precisely and in a well defined frequency range, for example adapted to the detection of pinging phenomena.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves charging a resonant structure spark plug (BR) by a voltage generated with respect to a charged ballast capacitor (Cb) during ignition phase. Ionization current (Ii) of the spark plug is periodically measured between two ignition phases by a measurement unit (MMES), where the ionization current is measured between the ballast capacitor and a weight after polarizing the spark plug. An independent claim is also included for a device for measuring ionization current of a resonant structure type spark plug.

Description

Procédé de mesure d'un courant d'ionisation d'une bougie de type à structure résonante, et dispositif correspondant Method for measuring an ionization current of a resonant structure type candle, and corresponding device
La présente invention concerne, d' une manière générale, la mesure d' un courant d' ionisation d'une bougie, en particulier des bougies de type à structure résonante, équipant des systèmes d' allumage pour véhicule automobile.The present invention generally relates to the measurement of an ionization current of a spark plug, in particular resonant type spark plugs, fitted to ignition systems for a motor vehicle.
L' invention est particulièrement adaptée aux systèmes d' allumage dits « radiofréquence » comprenant des bougies à structure résonnante de type multi-étincelles ou BME.The invention is particularly suitable for so - called "radiofrequency" ignition systems comprising candles with resonant structure of the multi - spark type or BME.
Ces systèmes d' allumage mettant en œuvre des courants alternatifs sont décrits par exemple dans les demandes de brevets français FR 2 859 830, FR 2 589 869, FR 2 859 83 1 , au nom de la Demanderesse.These ignition systems using alternative currents are described for example in French patent applications FR 2 859 830, FR 2 589 869, FR 2 859 83 1, in the name of the Applicant.
En fin de cycle de compression, la bougie est responsable de la formation d'un arc électrique dont l' énergie est suffisante pour déclencher le processus d' inflammation du mélange gazeux contenu dans la chambre de combustion du moteur.At the end of the compression cycle, the spark plug is responsible for the formation of an electric arc whose energy is sufficient to trigger the ignition process of the gas mixture contained in the combustion chamber of the engine.
Cet arc électrique correspond à l' ionisation du mélange gazeux situé entre les électrodes de la bougie, respectivement une électrode centrale positive et une électrode de masse.This electric arc corresponds to the ionization of the gas mixture located between the electrodes of the spark plug, respectively a positive central electrode and a ground electrode.
Cependant, lors de la combustion du mélange, après la génération de l' étincelle par la bougie, le front de flamme peut se propager. Son souffle peut alors repousser une partie du mélange contre les parois du cylindre et le sommet du piston.However, during the combustion of the mixture, after the generation of the spark by the candle, the flame front can propagate. His breath can then push some of the mixture against the walls of the cylinder and the top of the piston.
L' élévation de la pression et de la température est tellement importante que le combustible peut rester coincé contre les parois, atteindre son point d' auto-allumage et s' enflammer alors à plusieurs endroits. II en résulte des microexplosions produisant des vibrations dans le domaine acoustique (comprises entre 5 et 10 KHz environ). Ces vibrations sont très vives et peuvent créer rapidement des points chauds qui accentuent encore le problème. L' accumulation de microexplosions va arracher ou faire fondre une petite quantité de métal sur le sommet du piston et/ou sur les parois du cylindre, ce qui peut conduire au bout de quelques temps à la destruction du piston et des parois du cylindre.The elevation of the pressure and temperature is so great that the fuel can remain stuck to the walls, reach its self - ignition point and then ignite in several places. This results in microexplosions producing vibrations in the acoustic domain (between about 5 and 10 KHz). These vibrations are very vivid and can quickly create hot spots that further accentuate the problem. The accumulation of microexplosions will tear or melt a small amount of metal on the top of the piston and / or on the walls of the cylinder, which may lead after some time to the destruction of the piston and the walls of the cylinder.
Il est possible de détecter l' apparition de ces phénomènes de cliquetis, en mesurant le courant d' ionisation, c' est-à-dire le courant traversant la bougie. En effet, un courant d' ionisation apparaît à travers la bougie comme si une résistance était temporairement placée aux bornes des électrodes (selon une première approximation).It is possible to detect the occurrence of these pinging phenomena by measuring the ionization current, that is, the current flowing through the spark plug. Indeed, an ionization current appears through the candle as if a resistance was temporarily placed across the electrodes (according to a first approximation).
Pour cela, les moyens de mesure ou capteurs doivent pouvoir fonctionner dans une bande passante très étroite, par exemple de l' ordre de 7 kHz.For this, the measuring means or sensors must be able to operate in a very narrow bandwidth, for example of the order of 7 kHz.
Un but de l' invention est de proposer des moyens de mesure du courant de polarisation dans le cas de bougies de type à structures résonantes. Un autre but de l' invention est de proposer des moyens de mesure suffisamment précis pour pouvoir travailler dans la bande passante fréquentielle étroite désirée.An object of the invention is to provide means for measuring the bias current in the case of resonant structure type candles. Another object of the invention is to propose measuring means that are sufficiently precise to be able to work in the desired narrow frequency bandwidth.
A cet effet, l'invention propose un procédé de mesure d'un courant d' ionisation d'une bougie de type à structure résonante, équipant un système d'allumage pour véhicule automobile, dans lequel, au cours d'une phase d' allumage, on alimente ladite bougie par une tension générée à l'aide d'un condensateur de régulation préalablement chargé. Selon une caractéristique générale de cet aspect de l' invention, on mesure ledit courant d' ionisation périodiquement, entre deux phases d'allumage, entre ledit condensateur de régulation et la masse, après avoir polarisé la bougie. En d'autres termes, au lieu de mesurer le courant d'ionisation au niveau de la bougie, ce que l' on serait amené à faire pour résoudre le problème posé, on mesure ce courant d' ionisation directement au niveau d'un condensateur de régulation qui alimente la bougie en se déchargeant. Par conséquent, l' imprécision de la mesure est minimisée.To this end, the invention proposes a method for measuring an ionization current of a resonant structure type candle fitted to an ignition system for a motor vehicle, in which, during a phase of ignition, said candle is supplied by a voltage generated using a previously loaded control capacitor. According to a general characteristic of this aspect of the invention, said ionization current is measured periodically, between two ignition phases, between said regulating capacitor and the ground, after having polarized the spark plug. In other words, instead of measuring the ionization current at the spark plug, which we would have to do to solve the problem, we measure this ionization current directly at a capacitor regulator that powers the candle by unloading. As a result, the inaccuracy of the measurement is minimized.
Selon un mode de mise en œuvre, on mesure ledit courant d'ionisation par l' intermédiaire de moyens de mesure connectés entre ledit condensateur de régulation et la masse, que l'on court-circuite durant les phases d'allumage. En d' autres termes, on connecte les moyens de mesure uniquement entre deux phases d' allumage.According to one embodiment, said ionization current is measured by means of measuring means connected between said regulating capacitor and the ground, which is short-circuited during the ignition phases. In other words, the measuring means are connected only between two ignition phases.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, on mesure le courant d'ionisation à l'issue d'une phase d'amortissement durant laquelle le courant traversant la bougie décroît progressivement. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un dispositif de mesure d'un courant d' ionisation d'une bougie de type à structure résonante, équipant un système d' allumage pour véhicule automobile, ladite bougie étant couplée à un générateur comprenant un condensateur de régulation. Selon une caractéristique générale de cet autre aspect de l' invention, ledit générateur comprend en outre des moyens de polarisation aptes à polariser la bougie, connectés entre le générateur et ladite bougie et des moyens de mesure du courant de ionisation de ladite bougie, connectés entre le condensateur de régulation et la masse.According to another embodiment, the ionization current is measured at the end of a damping phase during which the current flowing through the candle decreases progressively. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a device for measuring an ionization current of a resonant structure type candle fitted to an ignition system for a motor vehicle, said spark plug being coupled to a generator comprising a regulating capacitor. According to a general characteristic of this other aspect of the invention, said generator further comprises biasing means capable of biasing the spark plug, connected between the generator and said spark plug and means for measuring the ionization current of the said spark plug, connected between the control capacitor and the ground.
Ainsi, les moyens de mesure étant connectés entre le condensateur de régulation et la masse et non directement aux bornes de la bougie, il est possible de choisir une résistance de polarisation de la bougie de faible valeur, adaptée à l' intensité du courant d'ionisation, qui est généralement inférieur à 1 mA, et à une bande de fréquence particulière, par exemple la bande de fréquence d'observation des phénomènes de cliquetis. De préférence, le dispositif peut comprendre en outre des moyens de court-circuit commandables, aptes à court-circuiter les moyens de mesure.Thus, the measuring means being connected between the control capacitor and the ground and not directly across the spark plug, it is possible to choose a low spark plug bias resistance, adapted to the current intensity of the spark plug. ionization, which is generally less than 1 mA, and a particular frequency band, for example the frequency band of observation of pinging phenomena. Preferably, the device may further comprise controllable short-circuit means capable of short-circuiting the measuring means.
Par exemple, les moyens de mesure peuvent comprendre une résistance de mesure. Selon un mode de réalisation, les moyens de court-circuit peuvent comprendre un transistor de court-circuit connecté entre le condensateur de régulation et la masse, et commandé par un générateur de tension de court-circuit, et une alimentation de polarisation connectée entre la résistance de mesure et la masse et apte à polariser ledit transistor de court-circuit.For example, the measuring means may comprise a measurement resistor. According to one embodiment, the short-circuit means may comprise a short-circuit transistor connected between the regulation capacitor and the ground, and controlled by a short-circuit voltage generator, and a bias supply connected between the measuring resistance and the mass and adapted to bias said short-circuit transistor.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'alimentation de polarisation peut comprendre d'une part une résistance d' alimentation et une alimentation locale connectée en série, et d' autre part un condensateur d'alimentation connecté parallèlement à la résistance d' alimentation et l' alimentation locale, entre la résistance de mesure et la masse.According to one embodiment, the bias supply may comprise on the one hand a supply resistor and a local power supply connected in series, and on the other hand a supply capacitor connected in parallel with the supply resistor and the power supply. local power supply, between the measuring resistor and the mass.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à l' examen de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation de l' invention, nullement limitatif, et des dessins annexés, sur lesquels : la figure 1 illustre un mode de réalisation de l'invention ; la figure 2 illustre plus précisément un mode de réalisation de l' invention ; - la figure 3 représente plus en détail un module d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention ; la figure 4 représente un chronogramme de différentes étapes d'un mode de mise en œuvre de l'invention ; les figures 5 et 6 représentent des modes de réalisation d'un autre bloc de l' invention.Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description of an embodiment of the invention, in no way limiting, and the appended drawings, in which: Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 illustrates more precisely one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 shows in more detail a module of one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 represents a chronogram of different steps of an embodiment of the invention; Figures 5 and 6 show embodiments of another block of the invention.
Sur la figure 1 , la référence SYS représente un système d'allumage pour véhicule automobile comprenant une bougie BR de type à structure résonante, bien connue de l'homme du métier, et décrite par exemple dans les demandes de brevets français FR 2 859 830, FR 2 589 869, FR 2 859 831 , au nom de la Demanderesse.In FIG. 1, the reference SYS represents an ignition system for a motor vehicle comprising a BR candle of resonant structure type, well known to those skilled in the art, and described, for example, in French patent applications FR 2 859 830. , FR 2 589 869, FR 2 859 831, in the name of the Applicant.
Un courant d'ionisation Ii circule à travers la bougie BR. Plus précisément, comme illustré de façon schématique sur la figure 1, la bougie BR comporte un ensemble résonant RS l (dit bobine-bougie), comportant une bobine inductive Ll et un condensateur C l qui comprend dans cet exemple un ensemble culot 1 - céramique 2-électrode centrale 3.An ionization current Ii flows through the BR candle. More precisely, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 1, the spark plug BR comprises a resonant assembly RS 1 (called coil-plug), comprising an inductive coil L1 and a capacitor C1 which comprises in this example a 1-ceramic base assembly. 2-center electrode 3.
La bougie BR est connectée à un générateur GEN apte à générer une tension dite « tension intermédiaire » à valeur élevée. Cette haute tension est amenée par l' électrode centrale 3 du condensateur Cl . Un arc électrique se produit au passage du courant entre l'électrode centrale 3 et une électrode de masse 4, générant une étincelle 5.The BR candle is connected to a GEN generator capable of generating a voltage called "intermediate voltage" high value. This high voltage is supplied by the central electrode 3 of capacitor C1. An electric arc occurs when the current passes between the central electrode 3 and a ground electrode 4, generating a spark 5.
La bougie BR est connectée au générateur GEN par l' intermédiaire d'un étage DHT appelé « pilote haute tension » connecté en série avec des moyens de découplage MDEC. Des moyens de polarisation de la bougie MPOL sont connectés parallèlement au pilote haute tension DHT et aux moyens de découplage MDEC.The BR candle is connected to GEN generator via a DHT stage called "high voltage driver" connected in series with decoupling means MDEC. MPOL spark plug bias means are connected parallel to the high voltage driver DHT and decoupling means MDEC.
Le générateur GEN comprend des moyens de mesure MMES aptes à mesurer le courant d' ionisation Ii circulant à travers la bougieThe generator GEN comprises measuring means MMES able to measure the ionization current Ii flowing through the candle
BR.BR.
On se réfère à présent à la figure 2 qui illustre plus en détail un mode de réalisation des blocs du système SYS selon l' invention.Referring now to Figure 2 which illustrates in more detail an embodiment of the blocks of SYS system according to the invention.
Le générateur GEN peut être réalisé à l'aide d'un montage élévateur de tension de type « boost », selon l' expression de l'homme du métier.The GEN generator can be produced using a voltage booster type "boost", according to the expression of the skilled person.
Le générateur GEN comprend une alimentation Vbat ici de 12 Volts, apte à charger une bobine dite « réservoir » BRES connectée par une première borne bl à l'alimentation Vbat. Le chargement de la bobine BRES est commandé par un transistor Ml connecté entre l' autre borne b2 de la bobine BRES et la masse. Le transistor Ml est commandé par un générateur de tension GMl .The generator GEN comprises a supply Vbat here of 12 volts, able to charge a coil called "tank" BRES connected by a first terminal bl to the supply Vbat. The charging of the BRES coil is controlled by a transistor M1 connected between the other terminal b2 of the BRES coil and the ground. The transistor M1 is controlled by a voltage generator GM1.
La bobine réservoir BRES se décharge dans la partie du circuit connecté à sa borne b2, via une diode de redressement DR, à une tension supérieure à la tension de 12 Volts délivrée par l' alimentationThe tank coil BRES discharges into the part of the circuit connected to its terminal b2, via a rectifying diode DR, at a voltage greater than the voltage of 12 volts delivered by the power supply.
Vbat. Cette tension relativement élevée est appelée « tension intermédiaire » Vint. Elle est de l' ordre de la centaine de volts. De façon à garder sensiblement constante cette tension intermédiaire Vint, le générateur GEN comprend un condensateur dit « ballast » Cb connecté à la sortie de la diode de redressement DR.Vbat. This relatively high voltage is called "intermediate voltage" Vint. It is of the order of a hundred volts. In order to keep this intermediate voltage Vint substantially constant, the generator GEN comprises a so-called "ballast" capacitor Cb connected to the output of the rectifying diode DR.
Le générateur GEN est relié au pilote haute tension DHT alimenté par la tension intermédiaire Vint, et commandé par un signal de commande Scom par des moyens de commande MCOM. Le signal de commande Scom est directement à l' origine de la création de la génération d' étincelles par la bougie BR.The generator GEN is connected to the high voltage driver DHT fed by the intermediate voltage Vint, and controlled by a control signal Scom by control means MCOM. The Scom control signal is directly at the origin of the creation of the spark generation by the BR candle.
La figure 3 illustre un exemple de réalisation du pilote haute tension DHT. Celui-ci comprend un ensemble formé d'une bobine L2 et d'un condensateur C2 connectés en parallèle, recevant en entrée la tension intermédiaire Vint.Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the high voltage driver DHT. This comprises an assembly formed of a coil L2 and a capacitor C2 connected in parallel, receiving as input the intermediate voltage Vint.
L' ensemble L2-C2 est relié en sortie à un transistor de commande M5 recevant sur son électrode de commande le signal de commande Scom.The assembly L2-C2 is connected at the output to a control transistor M5 receiving on its control electrode the control signal Scom.
Le signal de commande Scom correspond à un train d'impulsions, généré périodiquement.The control signal Scom corresponds to a pulse train, generated periodically.
Ainsi, à chaque train d' impulsions, le transistor M5 charge la bobine L2, qui résonne avec le condensateur C2 et l' ensemble résonnant RS l, de façon à produire des impulsions haute tension à la fréquence propre de la bougie BR.Thus, at each pulse train, the transistor M5 charges the coil L2, which resonates with the capacitor C2 and the resonant assembly RS 1, so as to produce high voltage pulses at the natural frequency of the spark plug BR.
Lorsque l' ensemble résonant RS l est excité à sa fréquence propre, et que son facteur de qualité est élevé (par exemple supérieur à 40), il en résulte une tension très élevée aux bornes du condensateur C l . L' électrode centrale de la bougie BR qui est une des bornes du condensateur C l, se trouve alors portée à une très haute tension capable de déclencher des étincelles.When the resonant assembly RS 1 is excited at its natural frequency, and if its quality factor is high (for example greater than 40), a very high voltage results at the terminals of the capacitor C 1. The central electrode of the spark plug BR, which is one of the terminals of the capacitor C l, is then brought to a very high voltage capable of triggering sparks.
On se réfère à nouveau à la figure 2.Referring again to Figure 2.
L' excitation générée par le pilote haute tension DHT est transmise à la structure résonante RS l de la bougie BR par l' intermédiaire des moyens de découplage MDEC, ici un condensateur de découplage Cd.The excitation generated by the high voltage driver DHT is transmitted to the resonant structure RS l of the spark plug BR via the decoupling means MDEC, here a decoupling capacitor Cd.
Le condensateur de découplage Cd empêche la liaison continue entre la tension intermédiaire Vint et l' électrode centrale de la bougie 3. Cette rupture de liaison permet d' empêcher des chocs électriques ou des électrocutions pour l' être humain.The decoupling capacitor Cd prevents the continuous connection between the intermediate voltage Vint and the central electrode of the candle 3. This break in connection prevents electric shocks or electrocutions to human beings.
Par ailleurs, si une décharge de type « arc électrique » venait à démarrer, celle-ci entraînerait une destruction rapide des électrodes, en particulier de l'électrode centrale 3. En effet, si une étincelle avec une conductivité suffisamment forte se crée entre l' électrode centrale et la masse, la chute de tension engendrée peut descendre en dessous de la tension intermédiaire Vint. Toute les charges accumulées dans le condensateur Cd sont alors transférées dans la liaison créée par l' étincelle. Ce transfert de charges s'effectue avec de forts courants qui peuvent endommager l'électrode centrale 3.Moreover, if an "electric arc" type discharge were to be started, this would lead to a rapid destruction of the electrodes, in particular of the central electrode 3. In fact, if a spark with a sufficiently high conductivity is created between central electrode and ground, the generated voltage drop can fall below the intermediate voltage Vint. All the charges accumulated in the capacitor Cd are then transferred into the bond created by the spark. This charge transfer takes place with strong currents that can damage the central electrode 3.
Le condensateur de découplage Cd a pour fonction d'empêcher ce type de transfert de charges.The function of the decoupling capacitor Cd is to prevent this type of charge transfer.
En variante, le générateur peut être un transformateur, de type élévateur, qui empêche le transfert de courant continu. Dans ce cas, l'utilisation d'un condensateur de découplage n' est plus nécessaire.Alternatively, the generator may be a lift-type transformer that prevents DC transfer. In this case, the use of a decoupling capacitor is no longer necessary.
De façon à pouvoir mesurer le courant d' ionisation, des moyens de polarisation MPOL sont utilisés pour maintenir une polarisation préférentiellement positive après la génération de l' étincelle, sur l' électrode centrale 3 de la bougie BR.In order to be able to measure the ionization current, MPOL polarization means are used to maintain a preferentially positive polarization after the generation of the spark, on the central electrode 3 of the BR candle.
Classiquement, les moyens de polarisation MPOL peuvent être formés par une résistance Rpol connectée entre la sortie de la diode de redressement DR délivrant la tension intermédiaire Vint et la sortie des moyens de découplage MDEC, ici le condensateur Cd. Une solution simple pour mesurer alors le courant d'ionisation serait de connecter aux bornes de la résistance de polarisation Rpol un montage apte à diviser la valeur de la tension, à convertir la valeur de la tension ainsi divisée en courant, puis de le mesurer. Ces montages classiques et bien connus de l'homme du métier, peuvent être réalisés à l' aide d'un amplificateur différentiel à transistor discret, ou d'un amplificateur opérationnel, ou encore à l' aide d'un montage utilisant des miroirs de courant. Cependant, ces montages, comportant un diviseur de tension, diminuent la précision nécessaire pour une mesure d'un courant d' ionisation très faible.Conventionally, the biasing means MPOL may be formed by a resistor Rpol connected between the output of the rectifying diode DR delivering the intermediate voltage Vint and the output of the decoupling means MDEC, here the capacitor Cd. A simple solution to measure then the The ionization current would be to connect across the polarization resistor Rpol a circuit capable of dividing the value of the voltage, converting the value of the voltage thus divided into current, and then measuring it. These conventional assemblies and well known to those skilled in the art, can be achieved using a discrete transistor differential amplifier, or an operational amplifier, or using a mounting using mirrors of current. However, these assemblies, comprising a voltage divider, reduce the accuracy required for a measurement of a very low ionization current.
Contrairement à ces solutions, l'invention consiste à utiliser une résistance de polarisation avec une faible valeur de façon à conserver un maximum de précision lors de la mesure du courant d'ionisation, et de coupler les moyens de mesure non pas aux bornes de la résistance de polarisation Rpol mais entre le condensateur Cb et la masse, au sein du générateur GEN.In contrast to these solutions, the invention consists in using a polarization resistor with a small value so as to maintain maximum precision when measuring the ionization current, and to couple the measurement means not to the terminals of the polarization resistor Rpol but between the capacitor Cb and the mass, within the GEN generator.
Ces moyens de mesure MMES comprennent une résistance de mesure Rm et une borne de mesure Bm où l' on mesure le courant d'ionisation.These measurement means MMES comprise a measurement resistor Rm and a measurement terminal Bm where the ionization current is measured.
En outre, ces moyens de mesure MMES sont associés à des moyens de court-circuit MCC comprenant un interrupteur INT connecté parallèlement à la résistance de mesure Rm, cet interrupteur INT étant commandé par un générateur de court-circuit GCC. L' interrupteur est de préférence rapide et de très faible impédance.In addition, these measuring means MMES are associated with MCC short-circuit means comprising an INT switch connected in parallel to the measurement resistor Rm, this INT switch being controlled by a GCC short-circuit generator. The switch is preferably fast and of very low impedance.
La figure 4 illustre les différentes étapes d'un mode de fonctionnement de l' invention, pendant une période T.FIG. 4 illustrates the different steps of an operating mode of the invention during a period T.
A l' instant tO, le transistor Ml devient passant et permet le chargement du condensateur Cb.At time t0, the transistor M1 becomes on and allows the charging of the capacitor Cb.
A un instant tl, le signal de commande Scom commande le transistor M5, à l' aide d'un signal de commande puisé (les pulsations étant par exemple à la fréquence de 5 MHz), déclenchant la phase d'allumage proprement dite, et la génération d' étincelles par la bougie BR. A l' instant t2, le signal de commande redevient inactif.At a time t1, the control signal Scom controls the transistor M5, with the aid of a pulsed control signal (the pulses being for example at the frequency of 5 MHz), triggering the phase ignition proper, and the generation of sparks by the BR candle. At time t2, the control signal becomes inactive again.
Au cours d'une phase d'amortissement (entre t2 et t3), le courant d' allumage (ayant une forte amplitude) s' atténue naturellement et progressivement au sein de la bougie BR, du fait de l'existence de résistances parasites.During a damping phase (between t2 and t3), the ignition current (having a high amplitude) naturally and gradually attenuates within the BR candle, due to the existence of parasitic resistances.
Entre les instants tO et t3, les moyens de court-circuit sont actifs et court-circuitent la résistance de mesure. Par conséquent, le condensateur Cb est connecté entre la diode de redressement DR et la masse.Between times t0 and t3, the short-circuit means are active and short-circuit the measurement resistance. Therefore, the capacitor Cb is connected between the rectifying diode DR and the ground.
A l' instant t3, le transistor M2 rend les moyens de court-circuit inactifs, et le condensateur Cb se décharge alors à travers la résistance de mesure Rm. Le courant de décharge du condensateur Cb correspond au courant d' ionisation qui circule à travers la résistance Rpol, dans la bougie BR puis dans le mélange en combustion.At time t3, the transistor M2 renders the short-circuit means inactive, and the capacitor Cb then discharges through the measurement resistor Rm. The discharge current of the capacitor Cb corresponds to the ionization current flowing through the resistance Rpol, in the candle BR then in the mixture in combustion.
On mesure alors au niveau de la borne de mesure Bm la valeur du courant d'ionisation.The value of the ionization current is then measured at the measuring terminal Bm.
La phase de mesure se termine à un instant t4, et à un instant t5 un autre cycle de chargement, d' allumage et de mesure se répète. La figure 5 représente un mode de réalisation de l' interrupteurThe measurement phase ends at a time t4, and at a time t5 another cycle of loading, ignition and measurement is repeated. FIG. 5 represents an embodiment of the switch
INT. Dans cet exemple, l'interrupteur commandable est réalisé par un transistor, ici de type MOS, M2, dont l'électrode de commande est connectée au générateur GCC. Afin de contrecarrer l' effet de la diode structurelle du transistor MOS M2, on introduit une polarisation à l' aide d'une alimentation de polarisation Apol connectée entre la résistance de mesure Rm et la masse.INT. In this example, the controllable switch is made by a transistor, here MOS type M2, whose control electrode is connected to the GCC generator. In order to counteract the effect of the structural diode of the M2 MOS transistor, a bias is introduced using an Apol bias supply connected between the measurement resistor Rm and the ground.
Sur la figure 6, on a représenté un mode de réalisation de cette alimentation de polarisation Apol. Dans cet exemple, l' alimentation de polarisation Apol comprend un condensateur Cal relié à une alimentation locale Aloc par l' intermédiaire d' une résistance d' alimentation RaI. L' alimentation locale Aloc peut être par exemple une tension de batterie ou une alimentation à 5 Volts.In Figure 6, there is shown an embodiment of this Apol bias supply. In this example, the bias supply Apol comprises a capacitor Cal connected to a local supply Aloc via a supply resistor RaI. The local supply Aloc can be for example a battery voltage or a power supply at 5 volts.
L' homme du métier saura dimensionner les composants utilisés, de façon à connaître la tension Val aux bornes du condensateur Cal. De cette valeur de tension Val, on en déduit le courant d' ionisation Ii par la relation : Ii = (Tension_Apol - Tension_Bm)/RmThose skilled in the art will know how to size the components used, so as to know the voltage Val across the capacitor Cal. From this value of voltage Val, the ionization current Ii is deduced by the relation: Ii = (Voltage_Apol - Tension_Bm) / Rm
L' invention permet donc de mesurer le courant d' ionisation très précisément et dans une plage de fréquence bien définie, par exemple adaptée à la détection des phénomènes de cliquetis . The invention thus makes it possible to measure the ionization current very precisely and in a well defined frequency range, for example adapted to the detection of pinging phenomena.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1-Procédé de mesure d'un courant d' ionisation d'une bougie de type à structure résonnante, équipant un système d' allumage pour véhicule automobile, dans lequel, au cours d'une phase d' allumage, on alimente ladite bougie (BR) par une tension générée à l' aide d'un condensateur de régulation (Cb) préalablement chargé, caractérisé par le fait qu' on mesure ledit courant d'ionisation (Ii) périodiquement, entre deux phases d'allumage, entre ledit condensateur de régulation (Cb) et la masse, après avoir polarisé la bougie (BR). 2-Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel on mesure ledit courant d'ionisation par l' intermédiaire de moyens de mesure connectés entre ledit condensateur de régulation (Cb) et la masse, que l' on court-circuite durant les phases d'allumage.IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Details for IEV number 841-21-21 (US) 1 - Method for measuring an ionisation current of a resonant structure - type spark plug fitted to an ignition system for a motor vehicle, in which, during an ignition phase, said spark plug is energized ( BR) by a voltage generated by means of a previously loaded control capacitor (Cb), characterized in that said ionisation current (Ii) is measured periodically, between two ignition phases, between said capacitor of regulation (Cb) and the mass, after having polarized the candle (BR). 2-Process according to claim 1, wherein said ionization current is measured by means of measuring means connected between said control capacitor (Cb) and the ground, which is short-circuited during the phases of ignition.
3-Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel on mesure le courant d' ionisation à l'issue d'une phase d' amortissement durant laquelle le courant traversant la bougie décroît progressivement.3-Process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ionization current is measured at the end of a damping phase during which the current flowing through the candle decreases gradually.
4-Dispositif de mesure d'un courant d' ionisation d'une bougie de type à structure résonnante, équipant un système d'allumage pour véhicule automobile, ladite bougie (BR) étant couplée à un générateur (GEN) comprenant un condensateur de régulation, caractérisé par le fait que ledit générateur comprend en outre des moyens de polarisation (MPOL) aptes à polariser la bougie (BR), connectés entre le générateur (GEN) et ladite bougie (BR) et des moyens de mesure (MMES) du courant de ionisation de ladite bougie (BR), connectés entre le condensateur de régulation (Cb) et la masse.4-Device for measuring an ionization current of a resonant structure type candle equipping an ignition system for a motor vehicle, said spark plug (BR) being coupled to a generator (GEN) comprising a control capacitor , characterized in that said generator further comprises biasing means (MPOL) able to bias the spark plug (BR), connected between the generator (GEN) and said spark plug (BR) and measuring means (MMES) of the current ionizing said spark plug (BR), connected between the control capacitor (Cb) and the ground.
5-Dispositif de mesure selon la revendication 4, comprenant en outre des moyens de court-circuit (MCC) commandables, aptes à court- circuiter les moyens de mesure (MMES). 6-Dispositif selon la revendication 5, dans lequel lesdits moyens de mesure (MMES) comprennent une résistance de mesure (Rm) .5-measuring device according to claim 4, further comprising controllable short-circuit means (MCC), able to short-circuit the measuring means (MMES). 6-Device according to claim 5, wherein said measuring means (MMES) comprises a measuring resistor (Rm).
7-Dispositif selon la revendication 5 ou 6, dans lequel les moyens de court-circuit (MCC) comprennent un transistor de court- circuit (M2) connecté entre le condensateur de régulation (Cb) et la masse, et commandé par un générateur de tension de court-circuit (GCC), et une alimentation de polarisation (Apol) connectée entre la résistance de mesure (Rm) et la masse et apte à polariser ledit transistor de court-circuit.7-Device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the short circuit means (MCC) comprises a short-circuit transistor (M2) connected between the control capacitor (Cb) and the ground, and controlled by a generator of short-circuit voltage (GCC), and a bias supply (Apol) connected between the measurement resistor (Rm) and the ground and able to bias said short-circuit transistor.
8-Dispositif selon la revendication 7, dans lequel l' alimentation de polarisation comprend d' une part une résistance d' alimentation (RaI) et une alimentation locale (Aloc) connectées en série, et d' autre part un condensateur d' alimentation (Cal) connecté parallèlement à la résistance d' alimentation (RaI) et l' alimentation locale (Aloc), entre la résistance de mesure (Rm) et la masse. 8-Device according to claim 7, wherein the bias supply comprises on the one hand a supply resistor (RaI) and a local supply (Aloc) connected in series, and on the other hand a supply capacitor ( Cal) connected parallel to the supply resistor (RaI) and the local supply (Aloc), between the measuring resistor (Rm) and the ground.
EP07731715A 2006-04-03 2007-03-09 Method for measuring an ionization current of a spark plug of the type with resonant structure, and corresponding device Not-in-force EP2002117B1 (en)

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FR0602883A FR2899394B1 (en) 2006-04-03 2006-04-03 METHOD FOR MEASURING AN IONIZATION CURRENT OF A RESONANT STRUCTURE TYPE CANDLE, AND CORRESPONDING DEVICE
PCT/FR2007/050899 WO2007113407A1 (en) 2006-04-03 2007-03-09 Method for measuring an ionization current of a spark plug of the type with resonant structure, and corresponding device

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FR2899394A1 (en) 2007-10-05

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