EP1999760A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von thienoý3,4-b¨pyrazin copolymeren, nach diesem verfahren hergestellte thienoý3,4-b¨pyrazin copolymere und deren verwendung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von thienoý3,4-b¨pyrazin copolymeren, nach diesem verfahren hergestellte thienoý3,4-b¨pyrazin copolymere und deren verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1999760A1 EP1999760A1 EP07722103A EP07722103A EP1999760A1 EP 1999760 A1 EP1999760 A1 EP 1999760A1 EP 07722103 A EP07722103 A EP 07722103A EP 07722103 A EP07722103 A EP 07722103A EP 1999760 A1 EP1999760 A1 EP 1999760A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pyrazine
- thieno
- copolymers
- alkyl
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/127—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising five-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polypyrroles, polythiophenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
- H10K85/211—Fullerenes, e.g. C60
- H10K85/215—Fullerenes, e.g. C60 comprising substituents, e.g. PCBM
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the object of the invention is to develop copolymers which do not possess the properties such as oxidation sensitivity and poor solubility opposing a technical application of poly (thieno [3,4-b] pyrazine) s, while retaining the positive properties of long-wave light absorption and in which by varying the comonomers a wide range of physical properties can be achieved. It is a further object of the invention to develop a process for the preparation of thieno [3,4-b] pyrazine copolymers which does not have the negative properties of oxidative polymerization. It is an object of the invention to use the copolymers of the invention in photovoltaic materials, organic light-emitting diodes and transistors.
- Copolymers of the structure according to the invention and their use in photovoltaic materials, such as solar cells, in photodiodes and photodetectors as well as organic light-emitting diodes and transistors are hitherto unknown from the literature.
- the process for the preparation of thieno [3,4-b] pyrazine copolymers and the use of the novel thieno [3,4-b] pyrazine copolymers prepared by the process according to the invention are achieved by reacting 5,7-disubstituted thieno [3, 4-b] pyrazines of the formula I are reacted with substituted aromatics of the formula II and / or of the formula III, the structural elements I and II, I and III and I and (II + III) being introduced alternately into the polymer during the polycondensation ( Molar ratio 1: 1):
- Ar thieno [3,4-b] pyrazine-5,7-diyl; Benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl;
- R 3 ZR 4 linear or branched alkyl; -O-alkyl; -Ph-O-alkyl;
- Ar thieno [3,4-b] pyrazine-5. t 7-diyl; Benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl; 1,4-phenylene; 1,3-phenylene; 9,10-anthrylene; 2,6-anthrylene; 2,7-fluorenylene
- the process according to the invention can also be carried out inversely.
- the copolymers can be prepared by any suitable CC knotting method, for example, the synthesis succeeds using the Sonogashira reaction, Heck reaction, Suzuki cross-coupling or Wittig, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons, and Knoevenagel condensation.
- the method can carried out 'are that in the presence of solvents such as toluene, benzene, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane at room temperature or higher Tem ⁇ temperature, preferably from 60 0 C to 80 0 C, in the rear reaction also up to 140 0 C, with a reaction time of 4 to 20 hours, the copolymerization takes place.
- solvents such as toluene, benzene, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane at room temperature or higher Tem ⁇ temperature, preferably from 60 0 C to 80 0 C, in the rear reaction also up to 140 0 C, with a reaction time of 4 to 20 hours.
- the process can advantageously be carried out in such a way that, in addition to suitable bases
- Polymerization catalysts preferably palladium (0) - or Pd (II) compounds in the presence of Cu (I) - compounds are used.
- the method according to the invention succeeds even without the presence of the copper compound.
- Suitable aromatics (comonomers) of the formula II are the following examples:
- Suitable aromatics (comonomers) of the formula III are:
- novel thieno [3, 4-b] pyrazine copolymers according to the invention are characterized in part by the presence of ethynyl and / or vinylene bonds within the copolymers, owing to their high oxidation potential by reduced sensitivity to oxygen or increased resistance to oxygen which in turn has a positive effect on the usability of the respective copolymers in the appropriate cases.
- All inventions According Copolymers have a small band gap and therefore a long-wave light absorption with good solubility and film formation, - which is why they are very well suited for use in photovoltaic cells, such as solar cells.
- Embodiment 1 (Sonogashira; I + III)
- the precipitated copolymer is filtered off, washed with methanol and extracted with methanol for 24 hours. For purification, but ⁇ repeatedly precipitated from methanol and extracted with hexane. Subsequent drying in vacuo gives 0.7 g (87%) of the blue poly [3,4-didodecylthiophene-2,5-diylethynylene-2,3-diphenylthieno [3,4-b] pyrazine-5, 7-diyl) ethynylene].
- Embodiment 2 (Suzuki, I + II)
- Exemplary Embodiment 3 (Suzuki, 1 + 11)
- a suitable reaction vessel 2.94 g (0.1 mol) of 5,7-dibromo-thieno [3,4-b] pyrazine are used under exclusion of air (argon) and 86 g (0.1 mol) of 2,7-dioxoborolane-9,9-didecylfluorene together with 1.5 mol% of Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and mixed with an aqueous potassium carbonate solution (2.0 molar) and toluene (volume ratio 1: 3).
- the mixture is heated with stirring for 72 hours heated to 80 - 90 0 C. Thereafter, it is slowly added to methanol to precipitate the copolymer.
- PCBM Methanofulleren
- PEDOT-PSS Polyethylendioxythiophen- Polystyrenlsulfonat
- PCBM Polyethylendioxythiophen- Polystyrenlsulfonat
- the photovoltaic cell is completed by a thermally evaporated aluminum electrode and then characterized by recording current-voltage characteristics using an AMl .5 solar simulator (100 mW / cm 2 ).
- the solar cell thus obtained has a short circuit current of 10.72 mA / cm 2 , an open circuit voltage of 670 mV, a filling factor of 0.33 and an efficiency of 2.37%.
- PCBM Methanofulleren
- the photovoltaic cell is completed by a thermally vapor deposited aluminum electrode and then characterized by recording current-voltage characteristics using an AMl.5 solar simulator (100 mW / cm 2 ).
- the solar cell thus obtained has a short-circuit current of 8.90 m ⁇ / cm 2 f an open circuit voltage of 690 mV, a fill factor of 0.37 and an efficiency of 2.27%.
- PCBM methanofullerene
- a layer of Polyethylendioxythiqphen- polystyrene (PEDOT-PSS, Baytron P, HC Starck, aqueous suspension) in a thickness of about 100 nm applied by spin coating On a indium tin oxide (ITO, 100 nm) coated substrate (polyester), which serves as a transparent front electrode, a layer of Polyethylendioxythiqphen- polystyrene (PEDOT-PSS, Baytron P, HC Starck, aqueous suspension) in a thickness of about 100 nm applied by spin coating. Subsequently, as a photoactive layer, a composite of the example mentioned Thieno [3, 4-b] pyrazine copolymer and PCBM (1: 2 mass ratio) in the form of a solution also applied by spin coating (layer thickness about 100 nm). The solvent used is chlorobenzene.
- PEDOT-PSS Polyethylendioxythiqphen- polystyrene
- the photovoltaic cell is completed by a thermally vapor deposited aluminum electrode and then characterized by recording current-voltage characteristics using an AMl.5 solar simulator (100 mW / cm 2 ).
- the solar cell thus obtained has a short-circuit current of 4.52 mA / cm 2 , an open circuit voltage of 700 mV, a fill factor of 0.43 and an efficiency of 1.36%.
- PCBM Methanofulleren
- PEDOT-PSS Polyethylendioxythiophen- Polystyrenlsulfonat
- PCBM Polyethylendioxythiophen- Polystyrenlsulfonat
- the photovoltaic cell is completed by a thermally evaporated aluminum electrode and then characterized by recording current-voltage characteristics using an AMl .5 solar simulator (100 mW / cm 2 ).
- the solar cell thus obtained has a short-circuit current of 3.53 mA / cm 2 , an open circuit voltage of 725 mV, a filling factor of 0.44 and an efficiency of 1.13%.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006014172 | 2006-03-24 | ||
| PCT/DE2007/000544 WO2007110062A1 (de) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-03-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung von thieno[3,4-b]pyrazin copolymeren, nach diesem verfahren hergestellte thieno[3,4-b]pyrazin copolymere und deren verwendung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1999760A1 true EP1999760A1 (de) | 2008-12-10 |
Family
ID=38283944
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07722103A Withdrawn EP1999760A1 (de) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-03-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung von thienoý3,4-b¨pyrazin copolymeren, nach diesem verfahren hergestellte thienoý3,4-b¨pyrazin copolymere und deren verwendung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8217136B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1999760A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007014291A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2007110062A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101830910B (zh) * | 2010-05-08 | 2012-06-13 | 大连理工大学 | 一类噻吩并吡嗪衍生物及其制备方法 |
| KR101286014B1 (ko) | 2011-11-21 | 2013-07-18 | 광주과학기술원 | 팔라듐계 촉매를 사용한 직접적 ch 아릴화 방법 |
| KR101259865B1 (ko) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-05-02 | 광주과학기술원 | 저밴드갭의 공중합체 및 이의 제조방법 |
| US10533079B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 | 2020-01-14 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Copolymers for iodide detection and methods thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE59704301D1 (de) | 1996-03-06 | 2001-09-20 | Basf Ag | Substituierte polythiophene, verfahren zu deren herstellung, und deren verwendung |
| JP2001019947A (ja) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-01-23 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 新規重合体、発光素子材料およびそれを使用した発光素子 |
-
2007
- 2007-03-22 WO PCT/DE2007/000544 patent/WO2007110062A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-22 DE DE102007014291A patent/DE102007014291A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-03-22 US US12/225,606 patent/US8217136B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-22 EP EP07722103A patent/EP1999760A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2007110062A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102007014291A1 (de) | 2007-11-08 |
| US20090227763A1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
| WO2007110062A1 (de) | 2007-10-04 |
| US8217136B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: MAHER, AL IBRAHIM Inventor name: SENSFUSS, STEFFI Inventor name: SHAHID, ASHRAF, RAJA Inventor name: ASHRAF, MUNAZZA Inventor name: KLEMM, ELISABETH Inventor name: BLANKENBURG, LARS |
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