EP1993709A1 - Katalysator für die abgasreinigung bestehend aus einer anzahl von einzelkatalysatoren - Google Patents
Katalysator für die abgasreinigung bestehend aus einer anzahl von einzelkatalysatorenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1993709A1 EP1993709A1 EP07703095A EP07703095A EP1993709A1 EP 1993709 A1 EP1993709 A1 EP 1993709A1 EP 07703095 A EP07703095 A EP 07703095A EP 07703095 A EP07703095 A EP 07703095A EP 1993709 A1 EP1993709 A1 EP 1993709A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- reduction
- oxidation
- reducing agent
- reduction catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWFXMCXJFOEMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].O=[N] Chemical class [O].O=[N] GWFXMCXJFOEMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012713 reactive precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/648—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum or polonium
- B01J23/6482—Vanadium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/652—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0242—Coating followed by impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20707—Titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20769—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20776—Tungsten
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a catalyst for purifying oxygen-containing exhaust gases of an incinerator, in particular an internal combustion engine operated with excess air, comprising a reduction catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas by means of a reducing agent and an oxidation catalyst downstream of the reduction catalyst for the oxidation of the reducing agent wherein the oxidation catalyst is applied to the reduction catalyst via a downstream region which is 1-19% of the total catalyst volume.
- Such a catalyst is known from EP 1 264 628 A1 and is used to purify the oxygen-containing exhaust gases of a combustion plant by means of selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides, without the reductant used being released into the environment.
- the reduction catalyst hereby reduces by means of a reducing agent, such as e.g. Ammonia, in the presence of oxygen nitrogen oxides to molecular nitrogen and water.
- a reducing agent such as e.g. Ammonia
- This method of selective catalytic reduction is also known by the abbreviation SCR method.
- a reductant-donating substance e.g. Urea, which liberates ammonia in the exhaust gas added.
- the delivery of the added reducing agent to the environment must be kept as low as possible, for example, to avoid odor nuisance. For this reason, in the applied SCR method, a substoichiometric metering of the reducing agent takes place with respect to the actual or the expected nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas. Although this reliably prevents a reduction agent emission, the reduction catalyst does not have the maximum possible, but a smaller amount of nitrogen oxides eliminated. As a consequence, the reduction catalyst must be designed to be sufficiently large and the control of the reducing agent metering work exactly to achieve a significant reduction of nitrogen oxides, in particular during transient engine operation, as is usual in a motor vehicle.
- a catalyst of the type mentioned circumvents this problem by the downstream of the reduction catalyst an oxidation catalyst for the oxidation of the reducing agent is applied.
- this oxidation catalyst in the presence of oxygen, the reducing agent, in particular ammonia, into harmless compounds, in particular molecular nitrogen and water, oxidized.
- the reduction catalyst produced in one piece according to EP 0 410 440 B1 is coated downstream with the oxidation catalyst, the coated area making up 20-50% of the total catalyst volume.
- the upstream reduction catalyst can now be used effectively.
- the reducing agent can be metered in stoichiometrically or superstoichiometrically in order to achieve maximum degradation of the nitrogen oxides.
- such a catalyst has undesirable side reactions. So again nitrogen oxides can be formed. Also, for example, ammonia can be converted to nitrous oxide or ammonium nitrate in the presence of excess air. Optionally, hydrocarbons present in the exhaust may react to harmful nitro compounds.
- the oxidation catalyst is applied to a honeycomb-shaped reduction catalyst over a downstream length of 1 to 20% of the total length.
- the object of the invention is to provide a catalyst of the type mentioned above, which allows avoiding a reducing agent slip and undesirable side reactions as high as possible degree of conversion of nitrogen oxides, and is as versatile as possible.
- This object is achieved according to the invention for a catalyst according to the preamble of claim 1 in that the reduction catalyst is composed of a number of individual catalysts, wherein the oxidation catalyst is applied to the last individual catalyst (s) on the outflow side.
- such a catalyst already allows a stoichiometric or superstoichiometric metered addition of the reducing agent, so that the reduction catalyst converts a maximum possible amount of nitrogen oxides, without causing a reduction agent slip.
- a volume of 1% provided with the oxidation catalyst is sufficient. If a volume of the entire catalyst of more than 19% is provided with the oxidation catalyst, then the mentioned undesired side reactions occur increasingly.
- nitrogen oxides are formed again on the oxidation catalyst in the interaction of nitrogen, oxygen and unreacted reducing agent. A volume of oxidation catalyst which exceeds 19% thus does not serve to degrade the reducing agent, but undesirable reactions are then catalysed at free adsorption sites.
- the specified catalyst can be produced inexpensively, since no two separate catalysts for reduction or for oxidation must be made.
- For the preparation of the reduction catalyst is prepared in a conventional manner. Subsequently, the composition of the catalytically active surface is changed downstream of this reduction catalyst to create the oxidation catalytic converter. This can be done, for example, by re-coating or by introducing compounds or elements catalyzing the oxidation of the reducing agent. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable to replace the existing catalytically active surface in terms of reduction.
- the catalyst is included in the - A -
- the reduction catalytic converter is composed of a number of individual catalytic converters, wherein the oxidation catalytic converter is applied to the last single catalytic converter or catalytic converters on the outflow side.
- the desired length of the reduction catalyst can be set in a modular manner via the number of individual catalysts.
- the desired downstream of the entire catalyst volume outflow area, which acts as an oxidation catalyst, may extend over several of the individual catalysts downstream.
- the reduction catalyst or catalysts may be formed as a supported catalyst having an SCR-active coating, and then the oxidation catalyst is applied.
- the catalytically active coating is applied to a usually plate-shaped carrier material. The coated carrier plates are then stacked to form the catalyst, wherein for the flowing exhaust gas flow channels are formed by introduced into the substrate corrugations and / or waves.
- the reduction catalyst is formed as an SCR active Vollextrudat, whereupon the oxidation catalyst is applied.
- the bulk extrudate consists of a ceramic mass which is produced and extruded as a slurry of metal oxides, in particular titanium dioxide. The shaped body thus produced is then dried and calcined to ceramic.
- the bulk extrudate comprises a series of continuous pores through which the exhaust gas flows and contacts the surface of the catalyst.
- the catalytically active material which may in particular have the same composition as the mass of the bulk extrudate, is applied to the support material in the supported catalyst. This can be done by applying or dipping the substrate. A layer of an aluminum oxide can also be applied between the SCR-active material and the carrier material.
- a zeolite as material containing the catalytically active further components.
- the oxidation catalyst is applied to the reduction catalyst as an impregnation or impregnation.
- the later acting as an oxidation catalyst part of the reduction catalyst is immersed, for example, in a solution containing an oxidation catalyzing substances or their reactive precursors. These substances precipitate on the open surface of the catalytically active material of the reduction catalyst or penetrate into the volume of the material.
- the impregnated material of the reduction catalyst is then converted to the catalytically active material of the oxidation catalyst.
- the catalytically active material of the reduction catalyst which is used both as Besen ichtung for the support material of the plate catalyst and as a material of the bulk extrudate, advantageously comprises predominantly titanium dioxide and as additives vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and / or their oxides.
- titanium dioxide is used in the anatase structure. Such a titanium dioxide may be prepared, for example, by flame hydrolysis or by precipitation.
- the catalytically active material of the oxidation catalyst preferably also comprises predominantly titanium dioxide and, as additives, platinum, rhodium and / or palladium.
- the noble metals can be introduced by impregnation of the catalytically active material of the reduction catalyst with an aqueous solution of hexachloroplatinic acid, palladium chloride and / or rhodium chloride.
- a ⁇ -aluminum oxide with additions of cerium oxide and zirconium oxide can be applied to the catalytically active material of the reduction catalyst as the oxidation coating.
- the noble metals are then introduced into the alumina.
- a cordierite ie, a magnesium-aluminum silicate
- the ⁇ -aluminum oxide can also be applied as a coating on the plate catalyst and be impregnated with the corresponding substances to form the catalytically active material of the reduction catalyst.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a reduction catalyst with downstream oxidation catalyst
- FIG. 2 shows a multi-part reduction catalytic converter with a downstream oxidation catalyst, used for the exhaust gas treatment of an internal combustion engine.
- the catalyst 1 shows schematically a catalyst 1 designed as a vol-extruded honeycomb body, as it could be used as the last single catalyst downstream.
- the catalyst 1 comprises a reduction catalyst 2 and a downstream oxidation catalyst 3.
- the material used for the honeycomb body of the catalyst 1 is a titanium dioxide ceramic which comprises catalytically active additives vanadium and molybdenum and tungsten compounds.
- the downstream applied oxidation catalyst 3 is prepared by impregnation of the reduction catalyst 2 with platinum.
- the illustrated catalyst 1 is flowed through by the exhaust gas of an incinerator 5 in the illustrated arrow direction.
- the exhaust gas 5 contains on the inlet side nitrogen oxides and oxygen and as additionally introduced reducing agent ammonia.
- ammonia is added slightly more than stoichiometrically.
- At the reduction catalyst 2 are in the exhaust 5 contained nitrogen oxides with ammonia in the presence of oxygen to form molecular nitrogen and water. Excess ammonia then flows through the downstream deposited oxidation catalyst 3. There, ammonia is oxidized with oxygen to molecular nitrogen and water. An ammonia slip into the environment is certainly avoided.
- the volume fraction of the oxidation catalyst 3 in the total volume of the catalyst 1 is 18%. This ensures that the residual ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen, with undesirable side reactions, such as the formation of nitrous oxide or of new nitrogen oxides are avoided.
- an emission control system 6 for a diesel engine 8 is shown as an internal combustion engine.
- the diesel engine 8 works more than stoichiometrically, so that the resulting exhaust gas 6 contains oxygen.
- the exhaust gas 6 flows via an exhaust manifold 10 into an exhaust pipe 12, is then passed through a catalytic converter 1, and cleans out via the exhaust 14 into the environment.
- the arranged in the exhaust pipe 12 catalyst 1 is composed of a total of four individual modules. Each of these individual modules is formed as a bulk extrudate of titanium dioxide ceramic and SCR-active by additions of vanadium pentoxide, tungsten trioxide and molybdenum trioxide.
- the three individual catalytic converters 15 arranged on the inflow side are manufactured entirely as reduction catalysts.
- the last single catalyst 16 on the outflow side is manufactured as a reduction catalyst whose last third is active by impregnating the SCR-active material with platinum and palladium as the oxidation catalyst.
- the volume fraction of the oxidation catalyst 3 to the total catalyst volume is 10%.
- the exhaust gas 5 is supplied before reaching the catalyst 1 as a reducing agent ammonia.
- an aqueous urea solution is stored in a reservoir 18, which is fed via a feed line 19 to the exhaust pipe 12.
- Control valve 20 is adapted to be metered amount of aqueous urea solution of the nitrogen oxide concentration generated by the diesel engine 8.
- a control unit accesses an implemented characteristic curve which predicts a nitrogen oxide concentration on the basis of current engine codes.
- urea is pyrolyzed or hydrolyzed in ammonia.
- ammonia added in approximately stoichiometric amounts in accordance with the nitrogen oxide concentration is reacted with the nitrogen oxides to form molecular nitrogen and water at the reduction catalyst 2 formed from the individual catalysts 15 and 16. Due to a low catalyst temperature or due to adsorption or desorption effects excess ammonia is then oxidized to the oxidation catalyst 3.
- the purified by nitrogen oxides under optimal utilization of the reduction catalyst 2 exhaust gas 5 finally flows through the exhaust 14 into the environment.
- the 10% by volume of the catalyst 1, which is used as the oxidation catalyst 2 is sufficient to safely prevent ammonia slip. Undesirable side reactions due to oxidative processes are certainly avoided due to the short oxidation range.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006011411A DE102006011411B3 (de) | 2006-03-11 | 2006-03-11 | Katalysator |
PCT/EP2007/000735 WO2007104382A1 (de) | 2006-03-11 | 2007-01-29 | Katalysator für die abgasreinigung bestehend aus einer anzahl von einzelkatalysatoren |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1993709A1 true EP1993709A1 (de) | 2008-11-26 |
Family
ID=38110621
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07703095A Withdrawn EP1993709A1 (de) | 2006-03-11 | 2007-01-29 | Katalysator für die abgasreinigung bestehend aus einer anzahl von einzelkatalysatoren |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1993709A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102006011411B3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007104382A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2493987B (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2014-03-19 | Jc Bamford Excavators Ltd | An engine system |
EP2607641A1 (de) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-26 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Mischeinrichtung zum Einbringen eines Reduktionsmittels in einen Abgasstrom mit schaufelförmigen Mitteln |
EP2792864A1 (de) | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-22 | ROTH-TECHNIK AUSTRIA Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Abgasbehandlungseinrichtung für einen Abgasstrom einer Brennkraftmaschine |
AR099507A1 (es) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-07-27 | Haldor Topsoe As | Método para la limpieza de gas de escape de un motor de encendido por compresión |
US10273850B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2019-04-30 | Scania Cv Ab | Method and system for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a combustion engine |
SE539803C2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2017-12-05 | Scania Cv Ab | A method and a system for determining a composition of a gas mix in a vehicle |
EP3341596B1 (de) | 2015-08-27 | 2021-07-28 | Scania CV AB | Verfahren und abgasbehandlungssystem zur behandlung eines abgasstroms |
SE539130C2 (sv) | 2015-08-27 | 2017-04-11 | Scania Cv Ab | Förfarande och avgasbehandlingssystem för behandling av en avgasström |
SE539134C2 (sv) | 2015-08-27 | 2017-04-11 | Scania Cv Ab | Avgasbehandlingssystem och förfarande för behandling av en avgasström |
SE539131C2 (sv) | 2015-08-27 | 2017-04-11 | Scania Cv Ab | Förfarande och avgasbehandlingssystem för behandling av en avgasström |
SE539133C2 (sv) | 2015-08-27 | 2017-04-11 | Scania Cv Ab | Avgasbehandlingssystem och förfarande för behandling av en avgasström |
SE539129C2 (en) | 2015-08-27 | 2017-04-11 | Scania Cv Ab | Process and system for processing a single stream combustion exhaust stream |
DE102016004333A1 (de) | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Roth Technik Austria Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung | Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung mit Katalysator und Mischvorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5120695A (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1992-06-09 | Degusaa Aktiengesellschaft (Degussa Ag) | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and gas turbines operated at above the stoichiometric ratio |
EP1264628A1 (de) * | 2001-06-09 | 2002-12-11 | OMG AG & Co. KG | Redox-Katalysator für die selektive katalytische Reduktion der im Abgas von Dieselmotoren enthaltenen Stickoxide mittels Ammoniak sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US7481983B2 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2009-01-27 | Basf Catalysts Llc | Zone coated catalyst to simultaneously reduce NOx and unreacted ammonia |
-
2006
- 2006-03-11 DE DE102006011411A patent/DE102006011411B3/de not_active Revoked
- 2006-03-11 DE DE202006020151U patent/DE202006020151U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2007
- 2007-01-29 EP EP07703095A patent/EP1993709A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-01-29 WO PCT/EP2007/000735 patent/WO2007104382A1/de active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2007104382A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102006011411B3 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
WO2007104382A1 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
DE202006020151U1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
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