Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
  • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
  • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
  • H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
  • H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
  • H04N9/3155—Modulator illumination systems for controlling the light source
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
  • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
  • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
  • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
  • H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
  • H04N9/3111—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying the colours sequentially, e.g. by using sequentially activated light sources
  • H04N9/3114—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying the colours sequentially, e.g. by using sequentially activated light sources by using a sequential colour filter producing one colour at a time

Definitions

• the invention relates to a lighting device with at least one light source and a display system with such a lighting device.
• Display systems and their lighting devices are described for example in the publications US 5,633,755 and US 6,323,982.
• Display systems such as DLP projectors (short for "digital light processing projector"), include a lighting device with a light source whose light is directed to a DMD chip (short for "digital mirror device chip”).
• the DMD chip comprises microscopically small pivoting mirrors which either direct the light onto the projection surface if the associated pixel is to be switched on or direct the light away from the projection surface, for example onto an absorber if the associated pixel is to be switched off.
• Each mirror thus acts as a light valve that controls the light flux of a pixel.
• These light valves are called DMD light valves in the present case.
• For color generation comprises a DLP projector in the case of a lighting device that emits white light, such as a filter wheel, which is arranged between lighting device and DMD chip and filters of different colors, such as red, green and blue. With the aid of the filter wheel, light of the respectively desired color is transmitted sequentially from the white light of the illumination device.
• the color temperature of such display systems is generally associated with the color location of the light of the illumination device. This usually changes with the operating parameters of the light sources of the illumination device, such as voltage, current and temperature. Furthermore, depending on the light sources used in the illumination device, the ratio between current intensity and light flux is not necessarily linear. This leads to a change in the current also to a change in the color location of the light of the light source and thus to a change in the color temperature of the display system.
• the color depth of the display system is limited by the minimum duty cycle of a pixel.
• dithering in which individual pixels are switched at a frequency lower than the regular frequency of 1/60 Hz.
• this usually leads to a visible to the human observer noise.
• the contrast ratio of the display system is defined by the ratio of maximum light flux with fully opened light valves to minimal light flux with fully closed light valves.
• the minimum light flux can be further reduced with completely closed light valves by means of a mechanical diaphragm.
• a mechanical shutter takes up space in the lighting device or the display system, increases the weight of the lighting device or the display system, and also provides an additional potential source of interference.
• Indicate lighting device whose color location can be adjusted specifically. Another object is to provide a display system with such a lighting device. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide a lighting device for use in a display system, with the aid of which the color depth and / or the contrast ratio of the display system can be improved in a simple manner.
• Preferred embodiments of the illumination device or the display system are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 14 and 16 to 20.
• An illumination device comprises an operating device which activates at least one light source with an electrical signal in accordance with a light curve stored in the operating device.
• the term "light curve" is to be understood as meaning a function of the illuminance as a function of time.
• the operating device generates the electrical signal for controlling the light source in accordance with the light curve, so that the light source generates the respectively desired illuminance.
• the electrical signal with which the light source is driven it is preferably a current signal.
• the illumination device can preferably be used in a display system whose colors are driven sequentially.
• the light flux of the illumination source for each color can advantageously be temporally varied in such a way that when using the illumination device in a display system with sequential color control, the light flux of the illumination device for each color can be adjusted separately in a desired manner such that the color temperature of the display system is adjusted to a desired value.
• Lighting device has the light curve segments with temporally constant illuminance.
• the light curve is composed of segments with temporally constant illuminance. This means that for a time t x the light curve has a temporally constant illuminance B x and the following time interval t x + i has a likewise constant illumination intensity B x + I. If the illumination device is used in a display system with sequential color control, a single color of the display system is preferably switched on during the time interval t x and a different color during the subsequent time interval t x + i.
• the light curve changes to a different time constant illuminance, if for the setting of a certain color temperature a different brightness of this color should be necessary.
• the light source is supplied with a corresponding electrical signal for each color to adjust the color temperature of the display system to a desired value.
• the change between the illuminance levels of the individual segments can be achieved for example by a variation of the operating current and / or control of the light sources by means of a pulse width modulated signal (PWM signal).
• PWM signal pulse width modulated signal
• a variation of the operating current is preferably used in gas discharge lamps, while PWM signals is generally used for driving light emitting diodes.
• a pulse width modulated signal preferably a square wave signal within a fixed pitch period for a certain time t e i n the state "on" and for the remainder of the fundamental period t from the "off" state.
• the ratio of on-time and basic period tein / (t e in + t off ) is called the duty cycle. It indicates the percentage of time over which the square wave signal is turned on within the fundamental period.
• the light curve contains short segments with very low illumination intensity, the light quantity emitted by the illumination device can thereby be reduced for the same switch-on duration of the light valves, whereby advantageously the color depth of the display system can be increased without, for example, producing visible noise, as in the case described above dithering.
• the minimum duration that a short segment may have depends on the light valves used. For DMD light valves, this is preferably about 8 ⁇ s, for LCD light valves about 1 ms.
• LCD light valve refers to a light valve that is realized by means of a liquid-crystalline matrix, the illuminance during these short segments preferably having one of the following values: 50%, 25%, 12.5% Usually an extra bit of color depth.
• the light curve has a periodic signal whose period is between 16 ms and 20 ms, with the limits included, or consists of such.
• a periodic repetition with a period between 16 ms and 20 ms offers the advantage that no flicker can be detected for the human eye.
• the operating device is suitable for purposefully changing the light curve during operation, for example, by a user or by an external control signal.
• the color locus of the light of the illumination device can be adapted such that the color temperature of the display system in which the illumination device is used is adapted by a user or automatically to a desired application.
• the operating device scales the light curve in proportion to a predetermined reference value.
• the average luminous flux of the illumination device can be lowered or also raised by means of the operating device, depending on which color locus of the illumination device is desired for the respective application.
• the Scaling linear By lowering or raising the luminous flux by means of the light curve, the contrast ratio of the display system in which the illumination device is used can advantageously be improved.
• the operating device detects operating parameters of the light source.
• Operating parameters of the light source are, for example, voltage, temperature, current and color of the light. If the operating device stores the dependence of the spectrum of the light source on its operating parameters, the operating device can advantageously regulate the electrical signal for controlling the light source in such a way that changes in the spectrum of the light source are compensated due to changed operating parameters and thus the color locus of the illumination device and the color temperature of the display system in which the lighting device is used is kept constant. Furthermore, non-linearities in the illuminance-current intensity characteristic curve can be compensated dynamically in this way.
• the operating device keeps the light flux of the light source constant by means of a control loop from the operating parameters of the light source and the predetermined reference value.
• the color location of the illumination device can advantageously be kept constant.
• the operating device preferably changes the reference value during operation, for example, on the basis of the input of corresponding values by a human User.
• the color location of the illumination device can advantageously be changed during operation by a user in the desired manner.
• the current intensity-illuminance characteristic of the light source is stored in the operating device. This allows the operating device to regulate the electrical signal for driving the light source such that the light flux of the light source is kept constant. Furthermore, it is possible to maintain the relative relationships of the illuminance of individual segments with each other despite a non-linear current intensity-illuminance characteristic. If the illumination device comprises a plurality of light sources, then either a current intensity / luminance characteristic can be stored in the operating device if the light sources all have the same current intensity / luminance characteristic, or a plurality of current intensity / luminance characteristic can be stored in the operating device, if such Light sources have different amperage-illuminance characteristic. The latter is usually the case when light sources of different colors are used in the lighting device.
• Lighting device comprises this one or more light sources that emit light with a color location in the white area of the CIE standard color chart.
• Such a lighting device is particularly suitable for use in a display system whose colors are generated sequentially by means of a color modulator, such as a filter wheel.
• a color modulator such as a filter wheel.
• Lighting device comprises these at least two light sources that emit light of different colors.
• a lighting device can be used in particular in a display system that has no color modulator.
• the colors are generated directly by the light sources, which are sequentially driven in accordance with the light curve with an electrical signal.
• the light curve in this case has segments with constant illuminance in each case during the time intervals in which the individual colors are turned on. In this way, the brightness of each color is adjusted according to the illuminance of the respective light curve segment, and thus the color locus of the illumination device is set to a desired value.
• the illumination device comprises a red, a green and a blue light source.
• a lighting device can generate red, green and blue light sequentially in succession with the aid of the light curve, so that a white color impression is produced in a human observer.
• light sources for example, gas discharge lamps, semiconductor light-emitting diodes, organic light-emitting diodes or laser diodes are used in the illumination device.
• the illumination device is particularly suitable for use in a display system.
• the display system is a DLP projector.
• the illumination device can also be used in an LCD screen in which the light valves are produced by means of a liquid-crystalline matrix.
• the colors can be generated in an LCD display either directly by the backlighting or by means of a filter plate. If the colors are to be generated directly by the backlight, then, for example, a lighting device is suitable which has at least two light sources of different colors, as described above.
• the illumination device is particularly suitable for use with a display system whose colors are driven sequentially.
• the light curve is adapted via a communication interface to the image content to be displayed (in particular the power / average illuminance).
• the image content to be displayed in particular the power / average illuminance.
• the operating device adapts the light curve to the speed of the synchronization signal by time scaling.
• the synchronization signal usually has a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz and thus corresponds to the frequency of a video signal.
• the synchronization is performed such that all segments of the light curve are linearly scaled until a full period of the light curve is in a full period of the synchronization signal fits. Thereafter, the phase relationship of the two signals is set to a fixed value.
• the light curve then usually has a duration of 16.67 ms or 20 ms. If a filter wheel is used, the filter wheel will play all colors between once and eight times during this time.
• the light curve thus usually contains several color filter periods.
• the synchronization signal is connected to a sequential color modulator.
• a sequential color modulator is a device which selects different colors one after the other from light having a color location in the white region of the CIE standard color plate, ie sequentially.
• a color modulator may be a filter wheel.
• a plurality of light curves are stored in the operating device, which can be selected depending on the synchronization signal from the operating device to output corresponding electrical signals for controlling the light sources. In this way it is possible to adjust the color temperature of the display system by selecting the light curve.
• FIGS. 1A and 1B show schematic representations of two exemplary embodiments of the illumination device
• FIG. 2A a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of a display system
• FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a light curve used in the first embodiment of the display system.
• FIG. 3 a schematic sectional view of a second exemplary embodiment of a display system
• FIGS. 4A to 4C are schematic diagrams of three exemplary light curves for operating a lighting device according to the invention.
• FIGS. 4E to 4G are schematic diagrams of three further exemplary light curves for exemplifying the structure of a light curve
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary current intensity illuminance characteristic of a light source for operating a lighting device according to the invention.
• the illumination device 10 comprises a light source 1, in the present case a gas discharge lamp, which emits light with a color location in the white region of the CIE standard color plate.
• a gas discharge lamp which emits light with a color location in the white region of the CIE standard color plate.
• the gas discharge lamp 1 is a point light source with a very small arc distance, which has a high energy density of about 300 W / mirW.
• OLED organic light emitting diodes
• LED semiconductor light emitting diodes
• LD laser diodes
• the illumination device 10 comprises an operating device 2, such as a function generator, which can provide electrical signals with a power of 300 W.
• the operating device 2 controls the light source 1 with an electric current signal, which follows a light curve 3. Light curves 3 will be explained later in connection with FIGS. 2A and 4A to 4C.
• the illumination device 11 according to FIG. 1B comprises an operating device 2 such as that of the illumination device 10 according to FIG. 1A, with the difference that the
• Lighting device 11 comprises three light sources 1, which emit light of different colors. In the present case, this is an LED that emits red light (hereafter referred to as “red LED”), an LED that emits green light (hereafter referred to as “green LED”), and an LED that emits blue light (hereafter “blue The red LED is identified by the reference symbol IR in the figures, the green LED by the reference symbol IG and the blue LED by the reference symbol IB.
• the operating device 2 activates the light sources IR, IG, IB of the illumination device 11 with an electrical signal which corresponds to a light curve 3.
• the LEDs IR, IG, IB are mounted on a support 4, such as a metal core board and electrically connected to the operating device 2.
• the illumination device 10 according to FIG. 1A stores a light curve 3, according to which electrical signals are generated by the operating device 2 for driving the LEDs IR, IG, IB.
• the display system according to FIG. 2A comprises a
• Lighting device 10 according to the embodiment of Figure IA.
• This illumination device 10 emits white light, which is focused by means of optics 51, for example a lens, on colored filters of a filter wheel 6.
• the filter wheel 6 is in the emission of the illumination device 10, a further optics 52, for example, also a lens downstream, which directs the light selected by the filter wheel 6 on a DMD chip 71.
• the DMD chip 71 comprises microscopically small pivoting mirrors which direct the colored light either onto or away from a projection optics 8, depending on whether the associated pixel is to be switched off or not.
• DMD chip 71 comprises the light valves for controlling the individual pixels of the display system.
• the filter wheel 6 functions as a color modulator, which sequentially selects individual colors from the white light of the illumination device 10 one after the other.
• the filter wheel 6 includes a red filter, a green filter, and a blue filter. An alternative filter wheel 6 with further colors is described below in connection with FIG. 4C.
• the light curve 3 of FIG. 2B stored in the operating device 2 of the display system according to FIG. 2A in the present case comprises three segments S R , S G , S B associated with the individual colors of the filters of the filter wheel 6, red, green and blue.
• the first segment S R has a time interval t 1, during which the light curve 3 has a constant illuminance B R.
• the first segment S R is associated with the color red, that is, during the time interval t R, the red filter of the filter wheel 6 selects red light from the white light of the illumination device 10.
• the illuminance of the light curve changes to the illuminance B Q , which is kept constant during a time interval tg of the second segment S G associated with the color green.
• the green filter of the filter wheel 6 selects green light from the white light of the illumination device 10.
• the filter wheel 6 changes to the blue filter and the light curve 3 changes to the third segment S B. This means that the illuminance of the light curve 3 changes to the value Bg, which is kept constant during a time interval tg.
• the individual colors red, green and blue are associated with the filter of the filter wheel 6, the illuminance of the illumination device 10 is adjusted so that the brightnesses of the individual colors red, green and blue correspond to a desired value, which lead to a predetermined color temperature of the display system.
• the three segments S R , S G , S B of the light curve 3 form a period of the light curve 3, which has a duration between 16 ms and 20 ms, the limits being included.
• the display system of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 comprises a lighting device 11 according to FIG. 1B. Furthermore, the display system according to FIG. 3 does not include a sequential color modulator 6, such as a filter wheel, such as the display system according to FIG. 2A.
• the individual pixels of the display system according to FIG. 3 are not switched on and off by means of a DMD chip 71, but by means of a liquid-crystalline matrix 72. This liquid-crystalline matrix 72 is arranged downstream of the illumination device 11 in its emission direction.
• the operating device 2 switches on the individual light sources of different colors IR, IG, IB of the illumination device successively individually according to a light curve 3 stored in the operating device 2 by means of an electrical signal.
• the light curve 3 described above can be used in accordance with Figure 2B or a similar light curve 3, by means of which the brightness of the individual light sources IR, IG, IB different color are controlled according to a predetermined color temperature of the display system.
• the light curve 3 in the embodiment according to FIG. 4A comprises a periodic sequence of three each Segments S R , S G , S B.
• the first segment S B is associated with the color blue, the second segment S R with the color red and the third segment S G with the color green.
• this light curve 3 can be stored in the operating device 2 of the lighting devices 10, 11 that are used in the display systems according to FIGS. 2A and 3, for example.
• the first segment S B of the light curve of FIG. 4A is associated with the color blue and has a duration t B of approximately 1300 ⁇ s. During this time interval t B , the luminous flux of the illumination device 10, 11 is approximately 120%.
• the first segment S B is followed by a second segment S R , which is associated with the color red and has a duration of t R.
• the light flux is the
• Lighting device 10, 11 in the short term about 150%, while the light flux in a second time interval t R2 , which directly adjoins the first time interval t Ri and forms with this the time interval t R , about 120%.
• the time interval t R i is significantly shorter than the time interval t R2 .
• the time interval t Ri is approximately 100 ⁇ s, while the time interval t R2 in the present case amounts to approximately 1200 ⁇ s.
• the second segment S R is followed by a third segment S G , which is associated with the color green and has a duration t G of likewise approximately 1300 ⁇ s.
• the time interval t G is divided as the time interval t R in two time intervals t G i and t G2 , wherein the first time interval t G i is significantly longer than the second time interval t G2 .
• the first time interval t G i is presently about 1200 ⁇ s, while the second Time interval t G2 of the green segment has a duration of about 100 microseconds.
• the light curve 3 has a constant value of approximately 85%, which is temporarily lowered for the time interval t G 2 to a value of approximately 45%.
• FIG. 4B shows two light curves 3.
• the diagrams represent the illuminance and the color as a function of time. They each contain a full period of the light curve shape, as a rule with a duration between 16 and 20 ms.
• the colors are generated by color filters, with several colored light sources, such as LEDs, the operating device 2 switches between the colors.
• the light curve of the embodiment of Figure 4C is designed on a filter wheel 6 with six different filters with the colors yellow, green, magenta, red, cyan and blue. Accordingly, the light curve 3 is composed of a periodic sequence of six different segments S ⁇ , S G , S M , S R , S C , S B , which are assigned to the respective color.
• the segments S ⁇ , S G , S M , S R , S 0 , S B are denoted below by the color to which they are assigned.
• Each segment S ⁇ , S G , S M , S R , S C , S B of the light curve 3 in this case has a constant value of the light flux during most of the duration of the respective segment.
• the individual segments S ⁇ , S G , S M , S R , S 0 , S B are again assigned time intervals t ⁇ , t G , t M , t R , t c , t B , which are divided into two or three time intervals t ⁇ i, t ⁇ 2, t G1, t G2, t m i, t m, t m, Ri, t R2, t C i, t C2A t C 3 t, B i, t B2 split, wherein each one of said time intervals significantly is longer than the others.
• the values of the light flux in the long time intervals of the individual segments are shown in the table in FIG. 4D in the "segment light level" line.
• the yellow and green segments S ⁇ , S G have a constant luminous flux of 80% during the long time interval.
• the magenta and red segments S M , S R have a luminous flux of 120% during the long time interval, while the cyan segment S c has a luminous flux of 80% during the long time interval and the blue segment S B has a luminous flux of 120%. during the long time interval.
• At the end of each segment is a short period of time during which the light level is lowered more than the long time interval.
• S G is the flux of light to a value of 40%, in the magenta and the red segment S M , S R to a value of 60%, in the cyan segment S 0 , to a value of 40% and lowered to the blue segment S B to a value of 60%.
• a communication takes place at the end of the magenta segment S M and at the end of the cyan segment S 0 , which is symbolized by arrows and is in each case linked to a light flux which has been raised relative to the long time interval.
• segment sizes of the different colors are not identical, as can be seen in the table in FIG. 4D in the "segment size" row, but are 60 ° for the yellow and green segments S ⁇ , S G , for the magenta segment S M has a value of 40 °, the value of 70 ° for the red segment S R , a value of 62 ° for the cyan segment S 0 and a value of 68 ° for the blue segment S B. These values are based on the light curve 3 coordinated.
• a filter wheel 6 with two red, two blue and two green filters application.
• the filters are preferably arranged in the order of red, green, blue, red, green, blue.
• the sizes of the individual color filter segments can be the same (60 ° for all six filters) or different, matched to the light curve used.
• the light curve 3 according to FIG. 4E like the light curve 3 according to FIG. 4A, comprises a periodic sequence of a segment S B associated with the color blue, a segment S R associated with the color red and a segment S G containing the color S Color is associated with green.
• Each segment S R , S G , S B has a duration of approximately 1500 ⁇ s.
• the time interval t B , the time interval t R and the time interval t G which are assigned to the respective segment S R , S G , S B , therefore have the same length.
• the light curve 3 in each case has a constant value.
• the light curve 3 has a value of about 95%, during the time interval t R a value of about 100% and during the time interval t G a value of about 110%.
• the light flux of the illumination device is adapted such that a display system with this illumination device has a desired color temperature.
• the light curve 3 according to FIG. 4F shows by way of example short time intervals t B2 , t B3 , t R2 , t Gi , t G2 , t G3 at the end of each segment S R , S G , S B , similar to those already described above in connection with FIG 4A.
• the light curve 3 is in turn composed of a periodic sequence of a segment S B , which is associated with the color blue, a segment S R , which is associated with the color red and a segment S G , which is associated with the color green together.
• the time interval t B , t R , t G of each segment is divided here into three time intervals of a long time interval ti B , tiR, ti G at the beginning of each segment S R , S G , S B and two short time intervals t B2 , t B , t R2 , t G i, t G2 , t G 3 respectively to the end of each segment S R , S G , S B.
• the short Time intervals t B2 , t B 3, t R2 , t G i, t G2 , t G 3 the light flux of the light curve 3 is gradually lowered.
• the segment S B associated with the color blue is described here.
• the light curve 3 is a value of about 110%.
• the light curve 3 is a value of about 55%, while the value of the light curve 3 in the time interval t B 3 following the time interval t B2 is about 30 % is lowered.
• the time interval t B i has a duration of approximately 1300 ⁇ s, while the time intervals t B2 and T B3 each have a duration of approximately 10 ⁇ s.
• the remaining segments S R , S G of the light curve are constructed identically, as the segment S B , which is associated with the color blue.
• the lowering of the light curve 3 during the short time intervals t B2 , t B3 , t R2 , t Gi , t G2 , t G3 serves to improve the color depth of the display system in which the illumination device is used.
• the light curve 3 according to FIG. 4G shows the two forms of light curves already explained with reference to FIGS. 4E and 4F together in a light curve 3, as can also be used in a lighting device.
• 4F is here also for the short time intervals t B2 , t B3 , t R2, t Gi, G2, t G3 of FIG 4G valid, while the levels of the light curve 3 during the long time intervals t B t i, R2, G3 of each segment S R, S G, S B t the value according to the light curve 3 corresponds to FIG. 4E.
• the amperage-illuminance characteristic of the embodiment according to FIG. 5 is approximately linear. It indicates a current in percent on the y-axis and a light level in percent on the y-axis.
• the amperage-illuminance characteristic which may also be stored in the operating device 2 of the lighting device 10, 11, it is possible that, with changed lamp operating parameters, such as the current intensity, the brightness of the light source 1, IR, IG, IB of the lighting device 10, 11 is maintained at the predetermined by the light curve 3 illuminance.

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• Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
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