EP1978156A1 - Kunstrasen - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1978156A1
EP1978156A1 EP07105637A EP07105637A EP1978156A1 EP 1978156 A1 EP1978156 A1 EP 1978156A1 EP 07105637 A EP07105637 A EP 07105637A EP 07105637 A EP07105637 A EP 07105637A EP 1978156 A1 EP1978156 A1 EP 1978156A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
artificial turf
turf according
active material
active
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07105637A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mieke Quaghebeur
Ben Laenen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologish Onderzoek NV VITO
Original Assignee
Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologish Onderzoek NV VITO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologish Onderzoek NV VITO filed Critical Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologish Onderzoek NV VITO
Priority to EP07105637A priority Critical patent/EP1978156A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2008/054047 priority patent/WO2008122580A2/en
Publication of EP1978156A1 publication Critical patent/EP1978156A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • E01C2013/086—Combination of synthetic and natural grass

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to an artificial or synthetic turf, in particular for use as a surface for sports activities.
  • Artificial turfs are often used to cover courts or playgrounds on which sports activities such as tennis, baseball, soccer and the like are played.
  • the synthetic turf has been developed in order to reduce the expense of maintaining sporting areas, and to increase the durability of the turf surface, especially where professional sports are involved.
  • Artificial turfs are generally constructed from synthetic and/or natural materials that are combined in one or more layers covering the surface underneath.
  • artificial turfs include a carpet-like pile fabric with a flexible backing lying on a compacted substrate, such as crushed stone or other stabilized base material.
  • the pile fabric has rows of upstanding synthetic ribbons representing grass blades, and extending upwardly from the top surface of the backing.
  • One of the disadvantages of the granulated rubber is that it can contain leachable chemical compounds (in particular Zn) that can enter the environment when brought into contact with liquid.
  • leachable chemical compounds in particular Zn
  • Preliminary results show for example that granulated rubber can contain up to 200 mg/kg dm (mg per kg of dry matter) leachable Zn (Liquid/Solid ratio L/S 10) as determined by the EN12457-4.
  • the acceptance criteria for Zn for inert waste is 4 mg/kg dm (L/S 10)
  • the acceptance criteria for Zn for non-dangerous waste is 50 mg/kg dm (L/S 10) (determined by EN12457).
  • rubber can contain other leachable chemical compounds that can affect the environment.
  • the present invention aims to provide an artificial turf structure, which presents a solution to problems of existing structures, for the prevention of soil pollution.
  • the invention is related to an artificial turf such a described in the appended claims, wherein an active material is provided, preferably in the form of active particles, e.g. grains or fibres.
  • active particles are biologically or chemically active, in the sense that they react with contaminants present in the artificial turf, after said contaminants have dissolved in rainwater or groundwater passing through the artificial turf, to thereby bind these contaminants and prevent the contaminants from entering the soil.
  • contaminants break down or chemically transform through contact with the active material, or the contaminants adopt a less soluble form through said contact.
  • the contaminant may thus precipitate onto, or be adsorbed onto the active material.
  • a separate layer consisting of or comprising active particles is provided, and located underneath a layer of the artifical turf which comprises leachable compounds (contaminants).
  • the active layer may be located directly underneath the layer comprising contaminants, or may be separated therefrom by other layers of the turf (e.g. a resilient layer).
  • the active particles can be incorporated, i.e. evenly dispersed into a layer of the artificial turf, said layer comprising leachable compounds.
  • the active material can be a mineral, such as an aluminium silicate or an oxide.
  • a clay mineral can, be used, e.g. glauconite.
  • at least one layer comprises glauconite in a concentration between 2% and 70% (W/W), preferably between 20% and 60% (W/W).
  • the active material can be an organic material. It can be a natural organic material, e.g. a compost type of organic matter, comprising a concentration of between 5% and 15% organic carbon (W/W).
  • the compost type of organic matter may further comprise humic and fulvic acids.
  • the artificial turf comprises a flexible mat with upstanding ribbons, with a layer of sand or a layer comprising granulated rubber in between said ribbons.
  • the active particles are incorporated in said layer of sand or granulated rubber, or in a resilient layer lying directly underneath said flexible mat, or in a drainage layer lying directly underneath said resilient layer. Alternatively, the active particles may be incorporated in a separate layer lying underneath the drainage layer.
  • the artificial turf of the invention preferably comprises one or more geotextiles substantially parallel to the surface of the turf, said membranes being placed in order to retain the reacted contaminants (e.g. adsorbed onto active particles) in a defined zone, during the lifetime of the artificial turf.
  • said layer comprising active material When the layer comprising the active material is separate from the layer comprising the contaminant, said layer comprising active material preferably has a thickness of max. 20cm, more preferably between 5 and 10 cm.
  • Fig. 1 represents an artificial turf according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 represents an artificial turf according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 represents an artificial turf according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows results on tests performed on specific active materials.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of an artifical turf according to the invention.
  • the term 'artificial turf' in this description is to be understood as including all the layers that are applied on top of the soil.
  • the artificial turf of figure 1 therefore consists of layers 1, 3, 4 and 5.
  • the turf comprises a flexible sheet 1, to which are attached upstanding ribbons 2.
  • a granulate material 3, e.g. crumb rubber is present between the upstanding ribbons.
  • a resilient layer 4 is present underneath the flexible sheet, thereby determining the sport technical characteristics of the turf.
  • the resilient layer may comprise any suitable material. It may comprise or consist of granulated rubber.
  • a drainage layer 5, e.g. a quartz sand layer, is present underneath the resilient layer and separated therefrom by a geotextile 6.
  • the active particles 7 are incorporated into the crumb rubber layer present between the upstanding ribbons.
  • the active particles may be dispersed evenly in said layer, or a higher concentration of active particles may be present in the lower half of the layer than in the in upper half (the latter case is illustrated in the drawing).
  • the active particles are incorporated into the drainage layer 5.
  • a geotextile 20 is then preferably present underneath the drainage layer 5.
  • a separate layer 8 is present underneath the drainage layer 5, and separated therefrom by a geotextile 9.
  • the active particles are dispersed in said separate layer 8.
  • the separate layer 7 is itself separated from the soil underneath by a further geotextile 10.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments of figures 1 to 3 .
  • the active particles may be present in or underneath any layer that comprises leachable components, such as the Zn which is present in the crumb rubber layer.
  • an artificial turf of the invention does not need to comprise all the component layers shown in the drawings.
  • the resilient layer and/or the drainage layer can be omitted.
  • One or more geotextiles are preferably present, located such that the leachable components or their reaction products, once the leachable components have reacted with the active particles, remain within a confined area of the artificial turf.
  • the geotextiles allow to remove the artificial turf or parts of the artificial turf after its lifetime, and thereby also remove the contaminants.
  • Active particles can be provided in bulk and mixed directly with one of the layers of the artificial turf, or they can be pre-mixed with sand or gravel before being added to the turf.
  • the concentration of active particles in a layer of the turf is dependent upon the amount of contaminants present and/or of the nature of the active particles.
  • the amount of active particles should not adversely affect the characteristics of the layer into which they are incorporated.
  • Another important parameter is the average size of the active particles or fibres.
  • Optimal operation of the active layer is obtained with small particles, preferably having a characteristic dimension lower than 100 ⁇ m. This dimension can be the average diameter in the case of grain-like particles, or a characteristic length, e.g. in the case of fibres. These small particles ensure a maximum contact surface between the particles and the contaminant. Other considerations may have to be taken into account, such as resilience and other sport-related functionalities, especially in the case of active particles being incorporated in a layer which already has another function (e.g. drainage layer, resilient layer).
  • at least 50% of the particles or fibres has a characteristic dimension of max. 100 ⁇ m, e.g.
  • grain-like particles with a diameter of max 100 ⁇ m This is preferably the case when a separate active layer is used, such as layer 8 in figure 3 .
  • at least 70% and at least 80% respectively of the particles or fibres has a characteristic dimension of max. 100 ⁇ m.
  • at least 50% of the particles has a characteristic dimension between 100 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m. This may be the case when the active particles or fibres are incorporated in a drainage layer or in a resilient layer.
  • at least 70% and at least 80% respectively of the particles or fibres has a characteristic dimension between 100 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
  • the active material can be a mineral, e.g. glauconite.
  • One embodiment comprises a glauconite-rich layer of sand as the active layer, e.g. the drainage layer 5.
  • a glauconite-rich active layer preferably comprises a concentration of glauconite between 2% and 70%, e.g. 56%.
  • An active layer comprising a fraction of organic material preferably may comprise a concentration of organic carbon of 5-15%, e.g. 9.6% TOC (total organic carbon).
  • Figure 4 shows a graph based on so-called column tests, wherein a layer of granulated rubber is brought into contact with a layer comprising active material (glauconite or compost), in a tube in the laboratory. Water is then percolated through the tube, so that the water passes first through the rubber and then through the active material.
  • the graph in figure 4 shows the concentration of Zn in the water after it has flown through the column, as a function of the Liquid/Solid ratio (L/S), which indicates the amount of liquid percolated through the column.
  • L/S Liquid/Solid ratio
  • the result is shown in three cases : an active layer comprising glauconite ( ⁇ ), an active layer comprising compost ( ⁇ ), and a non-active layer of quartz sand ( ⁇ ). It is clear that the active layers are very capable of retaining the Zn.
  • the thickness of said separate layer is between 5 and 10 cm, for a layer 3 of granulated rubber of 10cm thick, which is a good average of the thickness of the granulated rubber layer. Therefore, the invention is related to an artificial turf with a separate layer comprising active particles, said layer having a thickness between 5 and 10 cm.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the particle size distribution in the case of a glauconite-rich layer, and in the case of a compost-rich layer.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the particle size distribution in the case of a glauconite-rich layer, and in the case of a compost-rich layer.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the particle size distribution in the case of a glauconite-rich layer, and in the case of a compost-rich layer.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the particle size distribution in the case of a glauconite-rich layer, and in the case of a compost-rich layer.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the particle size distribution in the case of a glauconite-rich layer, and in the case of a compost-rich layer.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the particle size distribution in the case of a glauconite-rich layer, and in the case of a compost-rich layer.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the particle size distribution in the case of a glauco

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
EP07105637A 2007-04-04 2007-04-04 Kunstrasen Withdrawn EP1978156A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07105637A EP1978156A1 (de) 2007-04-04 2007-04-04 Kunstrasen
PCT/EP2008/054047 WO2008122580A2 (en) 2007-04-04 2008-04-03 Artificial turf

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07105637A EP1978156A1 (de) 2007-04-04 2007-04-04 Kunstrasen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1978156A1 true EP1978156A1 (de) 2008-10-08

Family

ID=38441454

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07105637A Withdrawn EP1978156A1 (de) 2007-04-04 2007-04-04 Kunstrasen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1978156A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008122580A2 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1037326C2 (nl) * 2009-09-24 2011-03-28 Tencate Itex B V Substraat voor sport- en recreatievelden, een drager voor een kunstgrasmat voorzien van een dergelijk substraat, een kunstgrasmat voorzien van een dergelijk substraat en een samenstelling voor een dergelijk substraat.
EP2305750A1 (de) * 2008-06-18 2011-04-06 Bridgestone Corporation Elastomerzusammensetzung und reifen mit der elastomerzusammensetzung

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202017005493U1 (de) * 2017-10-24 2018-10-25 Heidi Moosdorf Reit- oder Sportplatzboden

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4337283A (en) * 1980-09-11 1982-06-29 Haas Jr Frederick T Synthetic turf playing surface with resilient top-dressing
WO2004077914A2 (en) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-16 Domo Cabrita N.V. Synthetic turf
EP1531201A1 (de) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-18 DSM IP Assets B.V. Verwendung eines vulkanisierten thermoplastischen Elastomers oder eines styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers als Einstreumaterial in Kunstrasensystemen
JP2005281982A (ja) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-13 Nippon Field System Kk グランド材
WO2006109110A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 Italgreen S.P.A. Artificial turf structure and production method therefore

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4337283A (en) * 1980-09-11 1982-06-29 Haas Jr Frederick T Synthetic turf playing surface with resilient top-dressing
WO2004077914A2 (en) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-16 Domo Cabrita N.V. Synthetic turf
EP1531201A1 (de) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-18 DSM IP Assets B.V. Verwendung eines vulkanisierten thermoplastischen Elastomers oder eines styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers als Einstreumaterial in Kunstrasensystemen
JP2005281982A (ja) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-13 Nippon Field System Kk グランド材
WO2006109110A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 Italgreen S.P.A. Artificial turf structure and production method therefore

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2305750A1 (de) * 2008-06-18 2011-04-06 Bridgestone Corporation Elastomerzusammensetzung und reifen mit der elastomerzusammensetzung
EP2305750A4 (de) * 2008-06-18 2012-01-18 Bridgestone Corp Elastomerzusammensetzung und reifen mit der elastomerzusammensetzung
US8569400B2 (en) 2008-06-18 2013-10-29 Bridgestone Corporation Elastomer composition and tire using the elastomer composition
NL1037326C2 (nl) * 2009-09-24 2011-03-28 Tencate Itex B V Substraat voor sport- en recreatievelden, een drager voor een kunstgrasmat voorzien van een dergelijk substraat, een kunstgrasmat voorzien van een dergelijk substraat en een samenstelling voor een dergelijk substraat.
EP2305886A2 (de) 2009-09-24 2011-04-06 Ten Cate Systems B.V. Substraf für Sportsfeld, Unterbauschicht für einen künstlichen Rasen mit einem solchen Substrat, kunstlichen Rasen mit diesem Substrat, und Zusammensetzung für diesem Substrat
EP2305886A3 (de) * 2009-09-24 2015-08-05 Ten Cate Thiobac B.V. Substraf für Sportsfeld, Unterbauschicht für einen künstlichen Rasen mit einem solchen Substrat, kunstlichen Rasen mit diesem Substrat, und Zusammensetzung für diesem Substrat

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008122580A3 (en) 2008-12-04
WO2008122580A2 (en) 2008-10-16

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