EP1975896B1 - Rauchdetektor und Probeluftversorgungsverfahren für den Rauchdetektor - Google Patents

Rauchdetektor und Probeluftversorgungsverfahren für den Rauchdetektor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1975896B1
EP1975896B1 EP08251196A EP08251196A EP1975896B1 EP 1975896 B1 EP1975896 B1 EP 1975896B1 EP 08251196 A EP08251196 A EP 08251196A EP 08251196 A EP08251196 A EP 08251196A EP 1975896 B1 EP1975896 B1 EP 1975896B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow path
fan
pipe
smoke detection
smoke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08251196A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1975896A2 (de
EP1975896A3 (de
Inventor
Hiroyuki c/oNohmi Bosai Ltd. Yokota
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nohmi Bosai Ltd
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Nohmi Bosai Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nohmi Bosai Ltd filed Critical Nohmi Bosai Ltd
Publication of EP1975896A2 publication Critical patent/EP1975896A2/de
Publication of EP1975896A3 publication Critical patent/EP1975896A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1975896B1 publication Critical patent/EP1975896B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a smoke detector for optically detecting contaminants such as smoke floating in the air, and a sampling air supplying method therefor.
  • a smoke detector is used for preventing fire or as a detecting system at a time of occurrence of fire or in a semiconductor manufacturing plant or a food industry requiring a certain level of environmental conservation.
  • the smoke detector there is used a high-sensitive smoke detecting apparatus.
  • the high-sensitive smoke detecting apparatus air is sucked from a warning area through a sampling pipe by driving a fan, light receiving signals are converted into pulse signals through a comparison between the light receiving signals and a threshold value using a comparator, the light receiving signals being obtained by irradiation of light whose beam spots are focused on smoke particles contained in the sucked air, and the number of the pulse signals are counted, thereby measuring a smoke amount (see Japanese Patent No. 8202970 ).
  • a primary side (suction port side of fan) at which a fluid (sampling air) has not been applied with energy by a fan and a secondary side (exhaust port side) at which the fluid has been applied with energy are connected through a smoke detection portion of a black box, and by using a pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side, the sampling air is supplied to the smoke detection portion.
  • a sampling flow rate changes in some cases.
  • the sampling flow rate changes due to P-Q characteristics of the fan, fluctuation is caused in the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side, and the sampling air cannot be supplied to the smoke detection portion at a preset flow velocity. Therefore, accurate smoke detection becomes difficult.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to enable supply of a sampling air to a smoke detection portion at a stable flow velocity.
  • the present invention relates to a smoke detector including: a smoke detection portion having an inflow port and an outflow port; a sampling pipe laid in a monitor space; a gas flow pipe which is connected to the sampling pipe and which houses a fan therein; a flow path branching portion provided to the gas flow pipe on a secondary side of the fan and connected to the inflow port of the smoke detection portion; and a flow path merging portion which is provided to the gas flow pipe on the secondary side of the fan and connected to the outflow port of the smoke detection portion, and at which a pressure of a fluid flowing through the gas flow pipe is lower than a fluid flowing through the gas flow pipe at the flow path branching portion.
  • the present invention accordingly provides a smoke detector as set out in Claim 1.
  • Preferred features of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.
  • the present invention is structured as described above. Accordingly, owing to the pressure difference in the fluid between the flow path branching portion and the flow path merging portion, a part of the sampling air flowing through the gas flow pipe is introduced from the flow path branching portion into the smoke detection portion, is allowed to pass through the smoke detection portion, and is returned into the gas flow pipe from the flow path merging portion. Therefore, the sampling air can be supplied to the smoke detection portion at a constant flow velocity, so accurate smoke detection can be performed.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • a smoke detector 1 includes a smoke detection unit 2 provided with a black box 21, a fan 3 for sending an air (sampling air) SA to be sensed by the smoke detection unit 2, a piping 4 constituting an air passage, a light emitting element 11 disposed in the smoke detection unit 2, a light receiving element 12 such as a photodiode, an air flow sensor 13 for measuring a flow rate of the fan 3 or air, a power source portion 14 for supplying power to the air flow sensor 13, and a fire determination portion 15 connected to a light receiving element 12.
  • a smoke detection unit 2 provided with a black box 21, a fan 3 for sending an air (sampling air) SA to be sensed by the smoke detection unit 2, a piping 4 constituting an air passage, a light emitting element 11 disposed in the smoke detection unit 2, a light receiving element 12 such as a photodiode, an air flow sensor 13 for measuring a flow rate of the fan 3 or air, a power source portion 14 for supplying power to the air flow sensor 13, and a
  • the smoke detection unit 2 In the black box 21 formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, there are provided the light emitting element 11 for emitting an infrared ray and a stray light portion 22 positioned in a position opposed to the light emitting element 11. Between those, there are provided a condenser lens 24 for condensing emitted light to a curved surface portion of a light trap 23 provided in the stray light portion 22, a smoke detection portion 25 through which air is allowed to pass the light receiving portion 12, and the like. Note that apertures 26 are provided at appropriate intervals so as to limit applied light. Into the smoke detection portion 25, the sampling air SA which has passed through the piping 4 and has been filtered by a filter 5 is introduced.
  • the light trap 23 is formed in a substantially conical shape.
  • Light L (not shown) entering the stray light portion 22 is incident on the curved surface of the light trap 23 to be reflected a plurality of times.
  • the fire determination portion 1 S includes an amplifier circuit for amplifying an output signal S of the light receiving element 12, an A/D converter for converting the amplified signal to a detection level, and a comparator circuit for determining fire when the detection level is equal to or higher than a threshold set in advance.
  • a general control of the fire determination portion 15 is performed by a CPU.
  • the light L is attenuated in accordance with the number of times of the reflection. Accordingly, the stray light is not received by the light receiving element 12 and the output signal S is at a low level, so the determination on fire is not made.
  • the light L which has passed through the smoke detection portion 25 is reflected as described above by the light trap 23, so the light L is attenuated, thereby not being received as the stray light. Accordingly, even at the time of occurrence of fire, the S/N ratio of the output signal is high, and the fire determination is correctly performed with high sensitivity and high accuracy.
  • a diffuser portion 20 On a secondary side of the fan 3 of a gas flow tube P, there is provided a diffuser portion 20.
  • the diffuser portion 20 is wider downstream, for example, a divergent pipe (diffuser) having a substantially pyramidal shape such as a cone.
  • a flow path merging portion 32 is provided to a side of a base end 20a.
  • a flow path branching portion 33 is provided to a side of a distal end 20b located downstream of the flow path merging portion 32.
  • a centrifugal fan driven by a DC power source is selected, for example.
  • a sampling pipe (not shown) for sucking the sampling air SA is connected to a suction port of the fan 3.
  • An exhaust port of the fan is connected to the piping 4 through which the sampling air SA flows into the smoke detection unit 2.
  • the fan may be an axial fan. Further, the fan may be driven by an AC power source.
  • a diameter D1 of the diffuser portion 20 at the flow path merging portion 32 is formed to be smaller than a diameter D2 thereof at the flow path branching portion 33.
  • diameters of both the flow path merging portion 32 and the flow path branching portion 33 are the same. Sizes of the diameters D1 and D2, disposition positions of the flow path branching portion 33 and the flow path merging portion 32, and the like are appropriately selected.
  • the divergent pipe has the conical shape but the divergent pipe may have a pyramidal shape.
  • the black box 21 of the smoke detection unit 2 On the secondary side of the fan 3, the black box 21 of the smoke detection unit 2 is provided. An inflow port of the smoke detection portion 25 of the black box 21 is connected to the flow path branching portion 33, and an outflow port of the smoke detection portion 25 is connected to the flow path merging portion 32.
  • An inflow port of the smoke detection portion 25 of the black box 21 is connected to the flow path branching portion 33, and an outflow port of the smoke detection portion 25 is connected to the flow path merging portion 32.
  • V 2 /2g+Z+p/r const.
  • V velocity
  • Z height
  • p pressure
  • ⁇ specific weight
  • g gravitational acceleration
  • a differential pressure ⁇ p with respect to the smoke detection portion 25, that is, a pressure p2 of the flow path branching portion 33-a pressure p1 of the flow path merging portion 32 is derived by the following equation according to the Bernoulli's theorem.
  • p ⁇ 2 - p ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ V ⁇ 1 2 - V ⁇ 2 2 / 2 ⁇ g
  • smoke particles existing in the sampling air SA flowing through the diffuser portion 20 are sucked from the flow path branching portion 33 and enter the inflow port of the smoke detection portion 25.
  • the smoke particles advance in the smoke detection portion 25 while being irradiated with a laser beam of the light emitting element 11 to cause scattered light, and are returned to the diffuser portion 20 through the flow path merging portion 32.
  • the differential pressure ⁇ p between the flow path merging portion 32 and the flow path branching portion 33 is always constant when a sampling flow rate is constant. Accordingly, the sampling air SA can be supplied to the smoke detection portion 25 at a constant flow velocity.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • Components denoted by the same reference symbols as those of FIGS. 1 and 2 have the same names and functions.
  • a difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that, as differential pressure generation means, instead of the diffuser portion 20, the flow path branching portion and the flow path merging portion are provided in a position where the pressure difference is generated depending on distances from a periphery of a rotor 3 f of the fan 3 on the secondary side of the fan 3.
  • a sampling pipe 30 provided in the monitoring area is connected to an intake port 3a of the fan 3 through a suction pipe (gas flow pipe) P1, an exhaust duct (gas flow pipe) P2 is provided to the secondary side of the fan 3, and a choke tube P3 is connected to a rear end of the exhaust duct P2.
  • the black box 21 is provided in the vicinity of the exhaust duct P2, the black box 21 is provided.
  • the outflow port of the smoke detection portion 25 of the black box 21 is connected to the flow path merging portion 32.
  • the flow path merging portion 32 is provided at a position close to the periphery of the rotor 3f of the fan 3, for example, above a bottom surface 21a of the black box 21. The closer the position of the flow path merging portion 32 to the periphery of the rotor 3f of the fan 3 is, the faster the flow velocity becomes and the lower the fluid pressure becomes.
  • the inflow port of the smoke detection portion 25 is connected to the flow path branching portion 33.
  • the flow path branching portion 33 is provided on the rear end side of the exhaust duct P2, that is, downstream of the flow path merging portion 32 at an interval from the periphery of the rotor 3f of the fan 3. The farther the position of the flow path branching portion 33 from the periphery of the rotor 3f of the fan 3 is, the slower the flow velocity becomes and the higher the fluid pressure becomes. Accordingly, the differential pressure can be adjusted based on a positional relationship between the flow path branching portion 33 and the flow path merging portion 32.
  • the pressure difference is caused according to Bernoulli's theorem, and the sampling air SA is introduced into the inflow port of the smoke detection portion 25 from the flow path branching portion 33.
  • Smoke particles contained in the sampling air SA are irradiated with a light beam applied from the light emitting element 11 to generate the scattered light, and is discharged from the outflow port to the flow path merging portion 32.
  • the flow velocity difference that is, the pressure difference is also constant. Accordingly, the sampling air SA can be introduced into the smoke detection portion 25 at a constant velocity. Further, when the smoke detection portion 25 is provided in the vicinity of the fan 3, the device can be downsized as a whole.
  • FIG 5 A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG 5 .
  • Components denoted by the same reference symbols as those of FIG 4 have the same names and functions.
  • a difference between the third embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention is that a filter 31 is provided to the flow path branching portion 33 to eliminate foreign substances such as waste in the sampling air SA.
  • the filter 31 By the provision of the filter 31, the sampling air containing only smoke particles can be supplied to the smoke detection portion 25, so more accurate smoke detection can be performed.
  • FIG 6 A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG 6 .
  • Components denoted by the same reference symbols as those of FIG 4 have the same names and functions.
  • a difference between the fourth embodiment and the second embodiment ( FIG 4 ) of the present invention is that the flow path merging portion 32 is positioned below the bottom surface 21a of the black box 21, that is, the flow path merging portion 32 is provided downstream in the rotation direction of the fan 3.
  • the flow velocity in the peripheral portion of the rotor 3f of the fan 3 and in the vicinity thereof is constant in a position on the same periphery. Accordingly, the flow path merging portion 32 can be provided to any position on that periphery.
  • the structure of the flow path in which the sampling air SA is introduced can be simplified.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Rauchdetektor, der aufweist:
    einen Rauchdetektionsabschnitt (25) mit einer Einströmöffnung und einer Ausströmöffnung;
    ein Probenahmerohr (30), das in einem Überwachungsraum verlegt ist;
    ein Gasdurchflussrohr (P), das mit dem Probenahmerohr (30) verbunden ist, und das ein Gebläse (3) darin aufnimmt;
    einen Strömungswegverzweigungsabschnitt (33), der am Gasdurchflussrohr auf der Auslassöffnungsseite des Gebläses (3) vorhanden und mit der Einströmöffnung des Rauchdetektionsabschnittes (25) verbunden ist; und
    einen Strömungswegzusammenführungsabschnitt (32), der am Gasdurchflussrohr (P) auf einer Auslassöffnungsseite des Gebläses und stromaufwärts vom Strömungswegverzweigungsabschnitt (33) vorhanden und mit der Ausströmöffnung des Rauchdetektionsabschnittes verbunden ist, und wobei an der Verbindungsstelle ein Druck eines durch das Gasdurchflussrohr (P) strömenden Fluids niedriger ist als der Druck eines Fluids, das durch das Gasdurchflussrohr (P) an der Verbindungsstelle des Strömungswegverzweigungsabschnittes (33) strömt, und so, dass die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Rauchdetektionsabschnitt (25) konstant ist.
  2. Rauchdetektor nach Anspruch 1, der außerdem aufweist:
    ein divergierendes Rohr (20), das eine im Wesentlichen Pyramidenform aufweist, verbunden mit der Auslassöffnung des Gebläses, und das stromabwärts breiter ist;
    wobei der Strömungswegverzweigungsabschnitt (33) stromabwärts vom divergierenden Rohr für die Zuführung einer Probeluft vom divergierenden Rohr zum Rauchdetektionsabschnitt (25) vorhanden ist; und
    wobei der Strömungswegzusammenführungsabschnitt (32) für das Ausströmen vom Rauchdetektionsabschnitt zum divergierenden Rohr (20) vorhanden ist.
  3. Rauchdetektor nach Anspruch 1, bei dem:
    der Strömungswegzusammenführungsabschnitt (32) auf der Auslassöffnungsseite des Gebläses (3) und in der Nähe davon vorhanden ist.
  4. Probeluftversorgungsverfahren für die Verwendung des Rauchdetektors nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Probeluftversorgungsverfahren den folgenden Schritt aufweist:
    Einführen eines Teils des Fluids vom Strömungswegverzweigungsabschnitt (33) zum Rauchdetektionsabschnitt (25) infolge einer Druckdifferenz im Fluid auf der Sekundärseite des Gebläses (3).
EP08251196A 2007-03-30 2008-03-28 Rauchdetektor und Probeluftversorgungsverfahren für den Rauchdetektor Not-in-force EP1975896B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007091276A JP4932567B2 (ja) 2007-03-30 2007-03-30 煙感知器及びそのサンプリングエア供給方法

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1975896A2 EP1975896A2 (de) 2008-10-01
EP1975896A3 EP1975896A3 (de) 2009-03-18
EP1975896B1 true EP1975896B1 (de) 2010-05-05

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ID=39535800

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08251196A Not-in-force EP1975896B1 (de) 2007-03-30 2008-03-28 Rauchdetektor und Probeluftversorgungsverfahren für den Rauchdetektor

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1975896B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4932567B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101391550B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101275910B (de)
AU (1) AU2008201308B2 (de)
DE (1) DE602008001120D1 (de)
TW (1) TWI437513B (de)

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US11506586B2 (en) 2020-08-17 2022-11-22 Carrier Corporation Photoelectric smoke sensor tube

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US8098166B2 (en) * 2009-04-23 2012-01-17 Honeywell International Inc. Variable air speed aspirating smoke detector
KR101722103B1 (ko) * 2009-06-05 2017-03-31 엑스트랄리스 테크놀로지 리미티드 가스 탐지기 장치
JP5280347B2 (ja) * 2009-12-17 2013-09-04 能美防災株式会社 光電式煙感知器
CN101763708B (zh) * 2009-12-28 2012-01-18 公安部沈阳消防研究所 风管感烟火灾探测器
CN101958032B (zh) * 2010-09-27 2012-05-23 江苏大学 一种消防用无线传感烟雾检测装置
US9140646B2 (en) 2012-04-29 2015-09-22 Valor Fire Safety, Llc Smoke detector with external sampling volume using two different wavelengths and ambient light detection for measurement correction
US8907802B2 (en) 2012-04-29 2014-12-09 Valor Fire Safety, Llc Smoke detector with external sampling volume and ambient light rejection
US8947244B2 (en) 2012-04-29 2015-02-03 Valor Fire Safety, Llc Smoke detector utilizing broadband light, external sampling volume, and internally reflected light
CN103063614A (zh) * 2013-01-04 2013-04-24 吉林大学 用于柴油机尾气烟度测量的激光式消光烟度计系统
AU2014342621B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2019-07-18 Valor Fire Safety, Llc Smoke detector with external sampling volume and ambient light rejection
CN108837651B (zh) * 2018-06-24 2020-11-13 江苏兰丰环保科技有限公司 一种脱硫脱硝除尘协同处理装置
CN109030295A (zh) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-18 安徽乐锦记食品有限公司 一种面包加工异常报警装置用烟雾抽取检测装置
CN115235963A (zh) * 2022-05-25 2022-10-25 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 一种可自校正的线性吸气式感烟探测器
CN115240358A (zh) * 2022-05-25 2022-10-25 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 一种用于烟雾浓度检测的吸气式感烟探测结构
CN117746567B (zh) * 2024-02-20 2024-04-26 四川千页科技股份有限公司 一种储能电站复合火灾探测系统及方法

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US11506586B2 (en) 2020-08-17 2022-11-22 Carrier Corporation Photoelectric smoke sensor tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4932567B2 (ja) 2012-05-16
JP2008250684A (ja) 2008-10-16
AU2008201308A1 (en) 2008-10-16
EP1975896A2 (de) 2008-10-01
KR20080089167A (ko) 2008-10-06
KR101391550B1 (ko) 2014-05-07
CN101275910A (zh) 2008-10-01
EP1975896A3 (de) 2009-03-18
TW200901093A (en) 2009-01-01
AU2008201308B2 (en) 2011-07-28
DE602008001120D1 (de) 2010-06-17
CN101275910B (zh) 2011-06-08
TWI437513B (zh) 2014-05-11

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