EP1971495A2 - Instrument d'ecriture comprenant un dispositif de mise a l'air libre du reservoir - Google Patents
Instrument d'ecriture comprenant un dispositif de mise a l'air libre du reservoirInfo
- Publication number
- EP1971495A2 EP1971495A2 EP07717908A EP07717908A EP1971495A2 EP 1971495 A2 EP1971495 A2 EP 1971495A2 EP 07717908 A EP07717908 A EP 07717908A EP 07717908 A EP07717908 A EP 07717908A EP 1971495 A2 EP1971495 A2 EP 1971495A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reservoir
- grains
- cavity
- ink
- writing instrument
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K7/00—Ball-point pens
- B43K7/10—Arrangements for feeding ink to the ball points
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K7/00—Ball-point pens
- B43K7/02—Ink reservoirs; Ink cartridges
- B43K7/08—Preventing leakage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K8/00—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls
- B43K8/02—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls with writing-points comprising fibres, felt, or similar porous or capillary material
- B43K8/04—Arrangements for feeding ink to writing-points
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K8/00—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls
- B43K8/02—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls with writing-points comprising fibres, felt, or similar porous or capillary material
- B43K8/04—Arrangements for feeding ink to writing-points
- B43K8/06—Wick feed from within reservoir to writing-points
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a writing instrument which comprises an ink reservoir, a writing tip and a device for venting the reservoir.
- the venting device of the reservoir has an ink stamp function. It makes it possible to absorb any effusion of a part of the ink contained in the reservoir, which would spread if not outside the instrument by the writing tip. Such an effusion of ink can be caused, for example, by a temperature variation caused by prolonged contact with the hand of a user. It can also be caused by an overpressure in the reservoir caused by a shock on the writing instrument.
- the ink flows from the reservoir to the tip, and leaves the tip when it is moved against a writing medium, such as 'a sheet of paper.
- the reservoir is then gradually emptied of ink, and it is necessary to let into the tank a volume of air equivalent to that of the ink consumed, to prevent stopping the flow of the ink.
- Another function of the venting device of the tank is therefore to balance the pressure in the latter relative to the air pressure present on the outside of the writing instrument, so that the ink continues to flow by capillarity from the reservoir to the writing tip.
- US Pat. No. 4,556,336 and US Pat. No. 6,474,894 disclose devices for venting the tank which comprise a set of baffles.
- the baffle assembly forms a labyrinth that connects the ink tank to an open hole on the outside of the instrument. It is formed by a piece of plastic material, which is usually molded.
- the absorption of an ink effusion is obtained by a precise adjustment of the capillarity of the ink in the baffles.
- the ink can penetrate the baffles, but this penetration is limited by capillary forces exerted on the ink by the walls of the baffles.
- a disadvantage of such devices results from the shape complex of the room that defines the baffles. The molding of this piece is difficult to achieve, and generates significant additional manufacturing cost for the writing instrument.
- Document US-A-2003/0231921 discloses another embodiment of a device for venting the ink tank.
- the device comprises a cavity which is filled with a porous element with open porosity.
- the cavity is in communication on the one hand with the ink tank, and on the other hand with an opening which opens out of the instrument.
- the operation of such a device is based on the capillarity of the ink in the porosity of the element.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a device for venting the ink reservoir of a writing instrument, which can be realized simply and economically.
- the invention proposes a writing instrument comprising an ink reservoir, a writing tip fluidly connected to this reservoir and through which the ink leaves during use of the instrument, as well as a device for venting the tank.
- This venting device of the reservoir comprises a cavity which is in communication with the reservoir and with an orifice open on the outside of the instrument, and which is adapted to absorb an ink effusion.
- the cavity is filled with separate grains which have angles and sharp edges of significant dimensions relative to an apparent dimension of said grains.
- a portion of the ink contained in the reservoir of the writing instrument enters the cavity of the venting device of the reservoir, and is distributed between the grains, in interstices formed by neighboring grains. Since the grains that are contained in the cavity of the reservoir vent are separate grains, they can simply be poured into the cavity. Such a manufacturing step is fast and economical, and contributes to obtaining a low writing instrument cost.
- the use of a device for venting the reservoir according to the invention makes it possible to design and produce writing instruments having complex or original shapes.
- this zone can have a shape ergonomically shaped, so as to facilitate or make it more enjoyable use of the writing instrument.
- These grain angles and edges modify the capillary power of the material vis-à-vis the ink in the cavity, so that the ink can penetrate the cavity between the grains under the effect of an overpressure at the same time. inside the tank, but does not flow freely through the cavity to the vent hole.
- the ink effusion absorption function that is thus achieved is particularly effective, and prevents ink leakage from appearing at the vent port or at the tip of the nozzle. writing.
- the grains are essentially non-porous, at least some of the grains may consist of a mineral material; the mineral material of some of the grains may comprise sand, calcium carbonate, corundum or crushed glass;
- the grains may have an average size of between 40 ⁇ m and 550 ⁇ m, this average dimension being determined by laser granulometry on all the grains contained in the cavity of the device for venting the reservoir;
- 95% of the grains contained in the cavity of the venting device of the reservoir may have at least one dimension less than 800 ⁇ m; 95% of the grains contained in the cavity may have at least one dimension greater than 0.5 ⁇ m;
- 95% of the grains contained in the cavity may have at least one dimension greater than 150 ⁇ m; the individual grain size may vary in a ratio of less than 10 for 95% of the grains contained in the cavity;
- the grains can have a particle size distribution according to their individual size which has a single maximum
- the ink may be a liquid ink, and preferably an aqueous type ink.
- the grains have not undergone a treatment that changes their capillarity vis-à-vis the ink, apart from simple washing operations, and are preferably of natural origin.
- the grains are preferably immobile in the cavity. In this way, the ink is entirely retained between the grains by capillarity, and no relative movement of the grains relative to each other disturbs this retention.
- the cavity of the venting device of the reservoir may have an at least partly transparent peripheral wall. It is then possible to see an advance of the ink in the cavity, and thus prevent any ink leakage through the vent port.
- the cavity of the venting device of the reservoir is delimited by a separate chamber of the reservoir and provided with the orifice, which can be in reduced communication with the ink tank in different ways.
- it can be directly in communication with the ink tank by at least one calibrated hole, or be in communication therewith via a connector arranged to conduct the ink from the tank to the tip of the tank.
- the center of gravity of the writing instrument may be located at a distance from the writing tip which is less than half of the total length of the instrument.
- the center of gravity of the writing instrument may be located at a distance from the writing tip which is less than half of the total length of the instrument.
- the center of gravity of the writing instrument is located at a distance from the writing tip of between one-sixth and one-half the length of the writing instrument.
- the weight of the grains especially when the grains are made of a mineral material, contributes to moving the center of gravity of the instrument towards the writing tip.
- the invention can be applied to writing instruments of different types.
- the writing tip may be a porous capillary tip, for example for a marker or a felt pen, a ball point, or an ink roller tip.
- FIGS. 1a and 1b are respective sectional views of a writing instrument according to two embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates sand grains used for the invention
- FIG. 3 is a grain size distribution diagram of the grains contained in the device for venting the ink reservoir of a writing instrument according to the invention.
- these dimensions can be adapted to obtain an instrument which has a higher ink capacity, or for making a writing instrument which has a pocket size.
- the writing instrument represented in FIG. 1a is of the "rollerpen” type. It comprises an ink reservoir 1, a connector 2, and an inking roller 3 which constitutes the writing tip.
- the ink tank 1 is limited by an outer peripheral wall 10, which is substantially cylindrical.
- the reservoir 1 can be of the free ink type, that is to say that the ink 11 can flow freely in the reservoir.
- the inking roller 3 is held, while remaining free in rotation, by a mount 4 which is fixed on an anterior end of the tank 1.
- the connector 2 allows a flow of the ink 11 which is contained in the tank 1 towards the roller Inking 3. It may consist of a set of fibers aligned longitudinally and intended to be impregnated with the ink 11.
- fibers are selected according to the capillarity of the ink 11, and are assembled with a density controlled in one. substantially cylindrical beam to form the connector 2.
- one end of the connector 2 can protrude into the tank 1 to obtain a good impregnation of the connector 2 over its entire length.
- a device 5 for venting the reservoir 1 is inserted between the mount 4 forming the conical nose of the instrument and the reservoir 1. It comprises a cavity 50 which is arranged around the connector 2, and which is limited by an outer peripheral wall 53.
- the wall 53 of the cavity 50 may be substantially in the extension of the wall 10 of the tank 1.
- the cavity 50 is limited by the frame 4 on the side of the writing tip, and by a partition 54 on the side of the tank 1.
- the cavity 50 communicates with the free air through an orifice 51, and with the reservoir by one or more holes 55 through the partition 54.
- the orifice 51 is located on one side of the cavity 50 opposite the hole 55.
- the wall 53, the frame 4 and the partition 54 form a chamber 60, that is to say a substantially closed space apart from the orifice 51 and the hole 55, which is distinct from the tank 1 and which delimits the cavity 50 of the venting device.
- the holes 55 are calibrated so as to ensure reduced communication between the reservoir 1 and the cavity 50.
- the cavity 50 is filled with separate grains 52 of a solid material. Preferably, the grains 52 completely fill the volume of the cavity 50, so that they are immobilized against each other.
- the cavity 50 can be filled leaving a small free volume of grains 52, that is to say not completely completely filled, while having a grain mobility sufficiently reduced so that the agitation of the instrument does not move grains soiled by the ink near the orifice 51 communicating with the open air. It is also conceivable to reduce the mobility of the grains 52 with an elastically deformable or fibrous element placed in the cavity 50.
- the separated grains 52 allow a quick and inexpensive embodiment of the venting device 5. For this, they are simply poured into the cavity 50, before assembly of the frame 4 on the front end of the tank 1.
- a shock applied to the writing instrument or a dilation of the air present in the reservoir 1 causes an effusion of the ink 11 contained in the reservoir 1.
- the quantity of ink that corresponds to this effusion passes through the hole 55 and enters the cavity 50. It is distributed between the grains 52, in interstices formed by adjacent grains. It is then retained in the cavity 50 under the effect of the capillary power resulting in particular from the shape of the grains 52.
- the inventors have discovered that angles and edges on the surface of the grains 52 make it possible to obtain an absorption capacity of an effusion which is particularly effective, so that the ink does not reach the orifice 51. No ink leakage is then observed, either through the orifice 51 or at the level of the inking roller 3.
- the outer wall 53 of the cavity 50 may be transparent, or have a transparent window, to visualize the penetration of the ink 11 into the cavity 50.
- an ink leakage through the orifice 51 can be prevented.
- the orifice 51 makes it possible to compensate for a depression in the reservoir 1 that appears when the ink 11 leaves the writing tip, during normal use of the instrument for writing.
- the ink 11 preferably has a low viscosity.
- the ink 11 is liquid, as opposed to fatty inks whose viscosity is high. It may be an aqueous solvent ink, in particular, but the use an alcoholic solvent or other ink is perfectly conceivable.
- FIG. 1b illustrates another possible embodiment of the invention, in which the cavity 50 is in communication with the tank 1 via the connector 2.
- the partition 54 separating the cavity 50 from the tank 1 is sealed, and the cavity 50 is open on the connector 2, towards the center of the writing instrument.
- This opening may extend over the entire length of the cavity 50, parallel to the longitudinal direction of the writing instrument, or only part of this length.
- the cavity 50 is thus limited, towards the center of the writing instrument, by the lateral surface 56 of the connector 2.
- This surface 56 is defined by the external circumference of the fiber bundle of the connector 2, or by a film which surrounds this beam. In the latter case, the film is permeable to ink 11.
- the cavity 50 is thus delimited by a chamber 60 distinct from the tank 1 and in reduced communication with the latter because of the presence of the connector 2.
- the grains 52 are mineral grains, a capillary behavior of these grains vis-à-vis the ink 11 is observed in the cavity 50, which is even more favorable to obtain effective absorption of an ink effusion.
- the material of the grains may be of oxide or carbonate type.
- Alumina, in particular of the corundum type, silica, crushed glass, or calcium carbonate are grain materials for which satisfactory operations of the venting device of the tank have been observed. In addition, these materials are chemically inert vis-à-vis the inks used. Remarkable absorption performance of an ink effusion has also been obtained with sand grains placed in the cavity 50.
- sand is meant a powder essentially based on silica or calcium carbonate of natural origin.
- FIG. 2 schematically reproduces a micrograph of such grains of sand 52. This micrograph was performed by scanning electron microscopy, with x100 magnification. The sharp edges are very visible, as are the angles between these edges. . These are angles and sharp edges of significant dimensions compared to the apparent dimension d grain. These sharp edges and macroscopic edges are supposed to substantially and beneficially modify the dynamics of the fluids of the ink between the grains, or even the physicochemical interactions between the ink and the grains.
- the interstices between the grains 12 thus constitute capillary spaces of very variable volume and shape because of the irregular shape of each of the grains. This appears to improve the retention of any ink spills that may come from the reservoir 1, the narrow interstices slowing the effusions and the wider interstices acting as a buffer reservoir.
- the interstices between the grains 52 which constitute the volume of the cavity 50 capable of retaining the ink, since the grains of sand 52 have a porosity that is almost zero vis-à-vis the ink.
- the penetration of the ink in these pores must be low because of the reduced dimensions of these in relation to the interstices.
- Non-porous grains are therefore preferred.
- FIG. 3 is a typical pattern of distribution of sand grain size. This particle size analysis was performed using a laser, using a commercially available apparatus. The horizontal axis indicates, in microns, the apparent dimension d of each grain, and the vertical axis indicates the fraction of the total volume of analyzed sand whose grains have the dimension indicated by the horizontal axis.
- the area of the surface between the curve and the horizontal axis is therefore 100%.
- 95% of the grains of the sand sample corresponding to FIG. 3 have at least one dimension greater than 150 ⁇ m. At the same time, 95% of the grains have at least a dimension of less than 750 ⁇ m.
- the curve has a maximum for grain size of approximately 320 ⁇ m. This dimension, denoted by d m , is also approximately equal to the average grain size, calculated over the whole of the sand sample analyzed. Such dimensions are adapted so that a large number of grains are simultaneously contained in the cavity 50, which statistically ensures an efficiency of absorption and ink retention by the grains 52 which is reproducible.
- these grain dimensions are large enough to prevent certain grains 52 from coming out of the orifice 51. Likewise, these dimensions prevent certain grains 52 from passing into the tank 1 through the hole 55, or penetrate into the connector 2 through the side surface 56 thereof. Possible obstruction of the connector 2 is thus avoided.
- Sand grains that differ in size from those shown in Fig. 3 have also given satisfactory characteristics of absorption of an ink effusion. Nevertheless, the inventors have found that better characteristics are obtained when the mean grain size d m is between 40 ⁇ m and 550 ⁇ m, and / or when 95% of the grains have a dimension of less than 800 ⁇ m, and / or when 95% of the grains have a dimension greater than 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 150 ⁇ m.
- the grains 52 that are contained in the cavity 50 have limited dimensional variations.
- the individual dimension of the grains d preferably varies in a ratio of less than 10, for 95% of the grains.
- Such a granulometric characteristic makes it possible to prevent a large number of interstices between the larger grains being filled by smaller grains.
- the ink capacity of the cavity 50, and therefore the absorption capacity of the device 5 for venting the reservoir, is then higher. It also helps to avoid a settlement or segregation of the grains 52 according to their size, which would occur in the cavity 50 after a long period of immobility of the writing instrument.
- the device 5 then retains a constant efficiency as an ink buffer in the event of effusion, even during a resumption of use of the writing instrument.
- a grain size distribution according to their respective dimensions which has only one maximum is another criterion to ensure that the interstices between the grains form a free volume sufficient to receive ink.
- the natural sand constituting the grains 12 may be washed, for example to prevent particles of powder or dust on the surface of the grains from altering their capillary properties. But preference will be given to treatments modifying the surface of the grains, such as attacks or chemical deposits, given the satisfactory results obtained by the shape of the grains and the cost that could result from such treatments.
- the tank 1 contains only grains of the same kind and preferably of mineral material. Nevertheless, it is not excluded that the reservoir contains a fraction of grains of different types, for example of polymeric or metallic material, or that it contains a fibrous element, especially for immobilizing the grains.
- the writing instrument which has been described in detail above may be modified while retaining at least some of the advantages of the invention.
- the invention is not limited to its application to a rollerpen type writing instrument, and can be applied to other types of pens or markers.
Landscapes
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0600334A FR2896183B1 (fr) | 2006-01-13 | 2006-01-13 | Instrument d'ecriture comprenant un dispositif de mise a l'air libre du reservoir |
| PCT/FR2007/000061 WO2007080330A2 (fr) | 2006-01-13 | 2007-01-12 | Instrument d'ecriture comprenant un dispositif de mise a l'air libre du reservoir |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1971495A2 true EP1971495A2 (fr) | 2008-09-24 |
| EP1971495B1 EP1971495B1 (fr) | 2010-03-31 |
Family
ID=36741223
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07717908A Not-in-force EP1971495B1 (fr) | 2006-01-13 | 2007-01-12 | Instrument d'ecriture comprenant un dispositif de mise a l'air libre du reservoir |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8096725B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1971495B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4938028B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101374678A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE462582T1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0706497A2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2636503A1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE602007005597D1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2339890T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2896183B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007080330A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2896184B1 (fr) * | 2006-01-13 | 2011-02-11 | Bic Soc | Instrument d'ecriture incorporant un materiau granulaire dans le reservoir d'encre |
| FR2988328B1 (fr) * | 2012-03-23 | 2014-12-19 | Bic Soc | Dispositif d'application de fluide et ses utilisations |
| CN104334362B (zh) * | 2012-06-04 | 2016-08-17 | 有限会社V斯帕克 | 书写工具 |
| USD736855S1 (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2015-08-18 | Klio-Eterna Schreibgeräte Gmbh & Co Kg | Writing instrument |
| US9909271B2 (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2018-03-06 | Rite-Hite Holding Corporation | Shock absorbing retractable bollard systems |
| JP7007695B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-04 | 2022-01-25 | 株式会社トキワ | 塗布体付き化粧料容器 |
| USD948157S1 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2022-04-05 | Chep Technology Pty Limited | Pallet attachment |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB503240A (en) * | 1937-10-13 | 1939-04-04 | Mentmore Mfg Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to fountain pens |
| BE479509A (fr) * | 1946-05-30 | |||
| US2462929A (en) * | 1946-07-17 | 1949-03-01 | Parker Pen Co | Fountain pen |
| US2528408A (en) * | 1947-07-11 | 1950-10-31 | Parker Pen Co | Fountain pen |
| FR1026695A (fr) * | 1950-10-30 | 1953-04-30 | J Maillocheau Ets | Régulateur de débit d'un liquide, applicable, notamment, comme régulateur de débit d'encre, pour appareils à écrire |
| CH516413A (de) * | 1970-11-30 | 1971-12-15 | Ananda Anlageanst | Füllmaterial für Tintenreservoire von Schreibgeräten |
| DE2437503A1 (de) * | 1974-08-03 | 1976-02-19 | Astronaut Pen Exploit Co Jerse | Schreibgeraet mit einer schreibkugel |
| DE3420287C2 (de) * | 1983-06-03 | 1985-11-14 | Pilot Man-Nen Hitsu K.K., Tokio/Tokyo | Einsatz für ein Schreibgerät |
| US4588319A (en) * | 1984-10-25 | 1986-05-13 | Nicolet Instrument Corporation | Marking instrument |
| JPH0248377A (ja) * | 1988-08-08 | 1990-02-19 | Hitachi Elevator Eng & Service Co Ltd | エレベータ制御装置 |
| DE4115685C3 (de) * | 1991-05-14 | 2001-07-05 | Dataprint Datendrucksysteme R | Schreibgerät mit in einem Behälter frei aufgenommener Schreibflüssigkeit |
| FR2747611B1 (fr) * | 1996-04-23 | 1998-07-10 | Conte Sa | Reservoir tampon pour article d'ecriture a encre liquide et article d'ecriture comportant un tel reservoir |
| JP2004525795A (ja) * | 2001-03-26 | 2004-08-26 | サンフォード エル.ピー. | 自由インクシステム |
| KR200249667Y1 (ko) * | 2001-06-29 | 2001-11-16 | 주식회사 모리스산업 | 펜 |
| KR100451572B1 (ko) * | 2002-01-30 | 2004-10-12 | 박원준 | 다단식 상품 진열대 |
-
2006
- 2006-01-13 FR FR0600334A patent/FR2896183B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-01-12 AT AT07717908T patent/ATE462582T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-01-12 US US12/160,873 patent/US8096725B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-01-12 CN CNA2007800031351A patent/CN101374678A/zh active Pending
- 2007-01-12 JP JP2008549909A patent/JP4938028B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-01-12 WO PCT/FR2007/000061 patent/WO2007080330A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2007-01-12 DE DE602007005597T patent/DE602007005597D1/de active Active
- 2007-01-12 CA CA002636503A patent/CA2636503A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2007-01-12 ES ES07717908T patent/ES2339890T3/es active Active
- 2007-01-12 BR BRPI0706497-7A patent/BRPI0706497A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-01-12 EP EP07717908A patent/EP1971495B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2007080330A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100178098A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
| FR2896183B1 (fr) | 2010-02-12 |
| EP1971495B1 (fr) | 2010-03-31 |
| WO2007080330A3 (fr) | 2007-09-20 |
| ATE462582T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
| WO2007080330A2 (fr) | 2007-07-19 |
| BRPI0706497A2 (pt) | 2011-03-29 |
| DE602007005597D1 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
| US8096725B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
| CA2636503A1 (fr) | 2007-07-19 |
| CN101374678A (zh) | 2009-02-25 |
| JP4938028B2 (ja) | 2012-05-23 |
| JP2009523077A (ja) | 2009-06-18 |
| ES2339890T3 (es) | 2010-05-26 |
| FR2896183A1 (fr) | 2007-07-20 |
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| JP2005081628A (ja) | 塗布具 |
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