EP1964624A1 - Tiefziehverfahren und tiefziehvorrichtung - Google Patents

Tiefziehverfahren und tiefziehvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1964624A1
EP1964624A1 EP06832569A EP06832569A EP1964624A1 EP 1964624 A1 EP1964624 A1 EP 1964624A1 EP 06832569 A EP06832569 A EP 06832569A EP 06832569 A EP06832569 A EP 06832569A EP 1964624 A1 EP1964624 A1 EP 1964624A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide
raw material
diameter expansion
tip end
expansion scheduled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06832569A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1964624A4 (de
Inventor
Atsushi Otaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Resonac Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Showa Denko KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Showa Denko KK filed Critical Showa Denko KK
Publication of EP1964624A1 publication Critical patent/EP1964624A1/de
Publication of EP1964624A4 publication Critical patent/EP1964624A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
    • B21J9/08—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses equipped with devices for heating the work-piece

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an upsetting method and an upsetting apparatus used in manufacturing a product, such as, e.g., an arm or a piston for vehicles (e.g., cars, railroad vehicles, etc.).
  • a product such as, e.g., an arm or a piston for vehicles (e.g., cars, railroad vehicles, etc.).
  • a diameter expansion scheduled portion of a bar-shaped raw material is received and held by a receiving portion of a receiving die in a buckling prevented state with the diameter expansion scheduled portion inserted in an insertion hole penetrated in a guide in an axially slidable manner.
  • the guide is moved in a direction opposite to a pressurizing direction of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material while pressurizing the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material in the axial direction with a punch as a pressurizing means, to thereby radially outwardly expand the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material exposed between the tip end face of the guide and the receiving portion of the receiving die (see. e.g., Patent Documents 1 to 4).
  • This upsetting method has an advantage that buckling of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material can be prevented.
  • the aforementioned conventional upsetting method had the following defects.
  • a friction resistance is created between the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the rawmaterial and the peripheral surface of the insertion hole of the guide when the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material is slidably moved in the insertion hole during the process.
  • it in order to overcome the friction resistance, it is required to pressurize the diameter expansion scheduled portion with a punch under a molding pressure larger than such friction resistance. Pressurizing under such a large molding pressure, however, may often cause crashing of an end portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of a raw material pressurized by the punch within the insertion hole.
  • the present invention was made to solve the aforementioned drawbacks, and aims to provide an upsetting method capable of reducing the molding pressure, an upset forged product obtained by the upsetting method, and an upsetting apparatus used for the upsetting method.
  • the present invention provides the following means.
  • the heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil
  • the diameter expansion is performed in a state in which the portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide is inductively heated with the induction heating coil arranged at the tip end portion of the guide.
  • the heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil
  • the diameter expansion is performed in a state in which the portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide is heated by inductively heating the tip end portion of the guide with the induction heating coil arranged at the tip end portion of the guide.
  • the heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil
  • the diameter expansion is performed in a state in which the portion of each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of each guide is inductively heated with the induction heating coil disposed at the tip end portion of each guide.
  • the heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil
  • the diameter expansion is performed in a state in which the portion of each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of each guide is heated by inductively heating the tip end portion of each guide with the induction heating coil disposed at the tip end portion of each guide.
  • An upsetting apparatus comprising:
  • the heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil, and wherein it is configured to inductively heat the portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide by the induction heating coil disposed at the tip end portion of the guide.
  • the heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil, and wherein it is configured to heat the portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide by inductively heating the tip end portion of the guide with the induction heating coil disposed at the tip end portion of the guide.
  • the upsetting apparatus as recited in any one of the aforementioned Items 19 to 23, further comprising a first cooling means for cooling an inner surface of a portion of the insertion hole located at a basal end side of the guide relative to the tip end portion of the guide.
  • An upsetting apparatus comprising:
  • each heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil, and wherein it is configured to inductively heat the portion of each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of each guide by the induction heating coil disposed at a tip end portion of each guide.
  • each heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil, and wherein it is configured to heat the portion of each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of each guide by inductively heating the tip end portion of each guide with the induction heating coil disposed at the tip end portion of each guide.
  • each heating means is capable of heating the portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of each guide into a half molten state.
  • the upsetting apparatus as recited in any one of the aforementioned Items 27 to 31, further comprising a first cooling means for cooling an inner surface of a portion of the insertion hole of each guide located at a basal end side of the guide relative to the tip end portion of the guide.
  • the upsetting method includes a step of receiving the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material by the receiving portion of the receiving die and disposing the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material in the insertion hole of the guide, and a step of expanding a diameter of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material exposed between the tip end face of the guide and the receiving portion of the receiving die by moving the guide in a direction opposite to a pressurizing direction of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material while pressurizing the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material with a pressurizing means in an axial direction, after the step of disposing the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material, the buckling of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material can be prevented.
  • the molding pressure can be reduced.
  • the portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material located at the basal end side of the guide relative to the tip end portion thereof does not decrease in deformation resistance. This can prevent an increase of the molding pressure caused by a radially outward expansion of the raw material within the insertion hole of the guide and an increase of the molding pressure caused by introduction of a part of the material of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material into the gap between the pressurizing member of the pressurizing means (e.g., a punch) and the insertion hole.
  • the pressurizing member of the pressurizing means e.g., a punch
  • the portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly in an extremely efficient manner.
  • the portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly in an efficient manner.
  • the present invention as recited in the aforementioned Item [4], it can be restrained to transfer the heat of the tip end portion of the guide to the main body of the guide by the heat insulating layer. Therefore, it can be assuredly prevented that the portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material located at the basal side with respect to the tip end portion of the guide is heated.
  • the molding pressure can be remarkably reduced.
  • the upsetting method for expanding the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material in diameter within the cavity i.e. , the restriction upset forming method, has the aforementioned effects.
  • the plastic flow of the material of the diameter expansion scheduled portion in the cavity will be enhanced.
  • the material of the diameter expansion scheduled portion can be sequentially filled in the cavity, and a diameter expanded portion having no material-lacked portion can be formed.
  • the crystal growth in the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the raw material within the cavity of the receiving die can be restrained.
  • an upsetting apparatus preferably used for the upsetting method according to any one of the inventions as recited in the aforementioned Items [1] to [8].
  • an upsetting apparatus preferably used for the upsetting method according to any one of the inventions as recited in the aforementioned Items [10] to [17].
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a guide of an upsetting apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figs. 1 to 5 are explanatory drawings of an upsetting apparatus 10A and an upsetting method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • “ 1 " denotes a bar-shaped raw material.
  • Fig. 6 denotes an upset forged article obtained by an upsetting method using the upsetting apparatus 10A of the first embodiment.
  • This upset forged article 5A has diameter expanded portions 6 each having an approximately spindle-shape (or approximately oval sphere-shape) and integrally formed at axial ends of a bar-shaped shaft 7.
  • the shaft portion 7 is straight.
  • Each diameter expanded portion 6 is formed to have an even thickness increased in the peripheral direction thereof.
  • the upsetting apparatus 10A can be recognized as a preform manufacturing apparatus, and the upsetting method can be recognized as a preform manufacturing method.
  • this upset forged article 5A can be used as a preform for manufacturing, for example, a vehicle arm for use in, e.g., an automobile or a railroad vehicle.
  • Each diameter expanded portion 6 of this upset forged article 5A is a portion which will be subj ected to after processing to form a connecting portion (e.g., bush mounting portion or york portion) to be connected to another member.
  • this upset forged article 5A can be an article to be used as, other than a preform for manufacturing a vehicle arm, a preform for manufacturing, for example, a double-headed piston for a compressor, etc.
  • the raw material 1 is a bar-shaped member as shown in Fig. 3 , more specifically a straight solid round bar-shaped member.
  • the raw material 1 is made of a metallic material, more specifically aluminum or aluminum alloy material.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the raw material 1 is round, and the diameter of the raw material 1 is set to be constant in the axial direction.
  • the axial central portion of this raw material 1 is a non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3.
  • the portions of the raw material 1 located at axial both sides with respect to the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3, i.e., axial end portions of this raw material 1, are diameter expansion scheduled portions 2.
  • the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 corresponds to the shaft portion 7 of the upset forged article 5A.
  • material of the raw material 1 is not limited to aluminum or aluminum alloy, and can be, for example, brass, copper (including its alloy), or steel, or can be plastic.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the raw material 1 is not limited to a round shape, and can be, for example, a polygonal shape, such as, e.g., a quadrangular shape or a hexagonal shape.
  • the raw material 1 can be made of, for example, an extruded member, or can be a continuously casted rolled member manufactured by a properch method etc., or can be a member manufactured by any other methods.
  • the length of the raw material 1 is, for example, 50 to 1,000 mm, and the diameter is, for example, 10 to 30 mm (more specifically 16 mm or the like).
  • the maximum diameter of the diameter expanded portion 6 is 30 to 100 mm (more specifically 50 mm or the like), and the length of the diameter expanded portion 6 is 10 to 100 mm, and the length of the shaft portion 7 is 20 to 300 mm (more specifically 160 mm or the like).
  • the size of the rawmaterial 1 and the size of each portion of the upset forged article 5A are not limited to the aforementioned sizes.
  • the size of the raw material 1 and the size of each portion of the upset forged article 5A can be set so as to attain objects of the present invention in accordance with the production of the desired product, such as, e.g., a vehicle arm.
  • the upsetting apparatus 10A is equipped with a receiving die 11, two guides 20 and 20, two heating means 40 and 40, two pressurizing means 30 and 30, and two guide driving means 27 and 27.
  • the receiving die 11 is provided with receiving portions 13 at the axial both ends.
  • Each receiving portion 13 is configured to receive the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1, or more specifically to receive the material of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 at the time of expanding the diameter of each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1.
  • This receiving die 11 has a holding hole 12 extending in the axial direction and communicated with both the receiving portions 13 and 13. Thus, each receiving portion 13 has an end opening of the holding hole 12.
  • This holding hole 12 is configured to hold the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 in a buckling prevented state and in an axial movement prevented state.
  • This holding hole 12 can also be recognized as a raw material attaching hole for attaching the raw material 1 to the receiving portions 13.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the holding hole 12 corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1, i.e., a round cross-sectional shape.
  • the diameter of the holding hole 12 is set to be approximately the same as the diameter of the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1.
  • the receiving die 11 is divided into a plurality of members (e.g., two pieces of members) with dividing surfaces (not shown) perpendicular to the holding hole 12.
  • dividing surfaces not shown
  • the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is disposed in the holding hole 12 in a slightly tightly fitted manner.
  • each diameter expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is received by the corresponding receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11, and the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is held in the holding hole 12 in a buckling prevented state and in the axial movement prevented state.
  • Each guide 20 has, as shown in Fig. 2 , an insertion hole 23 for axially inserting and holding the corresponding diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 in a buckling prevented state.
  • This insertion hole 23 is penetrated from the basal end of the guide 20 to the tip end thereof. Therefore, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 , at the tip end face 21a of the guide 20, a raw material outlet portion 23a which is one end opening portion of the insertion hole 23 is provided. While, at the basal end face of the guide 20, a raw material inlet portion which is the other end opening portion of the insertion hole 23 is provided.
  • This insertion hole 23 is designed for guiding the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 inserted and disposed in the insertion hole 23 to the diameter expanding space S between the tip end face 21a of the guide 20 and the receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11.
  • this diameter expanding space S is a space in which the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be freely expanded in diameter, i.e., a free diameter expanding space.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the insertion hole 23 of the guide 20 is a shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1, i.e. , a round cross-sectional shape. Furthermore, the diameter of the insertion hole 23 is set to be the same as or slightly larger than the diameter of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1. With this, the insertion hole 23 is configured such that the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be inserted and disposed in the insertion hole 23 in a buckling prevented state and in an axially slidably movable manner.
  • the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is formed to be smaller in diameter than the basal end side portion of the guide 20.
  • the basal end side portion of the guide 20 will be referred to as a "guide main body 22.”
  • each heating means 40 is designed for locally heating the portion 2a of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20.
  • each heating means 40 is an induction heating means 41 having an induction heating coil 42 and a power supplying portion 43 for supplying AC current (or AC voltage).
  • the reference numeral "44" denotes a lead wire for connecting the induction heating coil 42 and the power supplying portion 43.
  • the induction heating coil 42 is arranged in the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 so as to surround the insertion hole 23. In this embodiment, the induction heating coil 42 is embedded in the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20.
  • the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is formed by, for example, a hard nonconductive material having heat resistance such as ceramics, or a hard conductive material having heat resistance (e.g., heat resistant metallic material) such as steel material.
  • a hard nonconductive material having heat resistance such as ceramics
  • a hard conductive material having heat resistance e.g., heat resistant metallic material
  • the portion of the guide 20 located at the basal end side thereof relative to the tip end portion 21, i.e., the guide main body 22 is made of metallic material such as, e.g., steel material.
  • This induction heating means 41 is configured to locally inductively heat the portion 2a of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 by supplying current (applying voltage) having a prescribed frequency to the induction heating coil 42 by the power supplying portion 43. Further, this induction heating means 41 is configured to heat the portion 2a of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 in a half molten state by adjusting the current supplying amount or the like to the induction heating coil 42.
  • the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is integrally provided with a flange portion 21b.
  • This flange portion 21b is arranged at the end portion of the guide main body 22 via a heat insulating layer 24.
  • the flange portion 25, the heat insulating layer 24 and the guide main body 22 are mutually integrally connected with a plurality of connecting bolts 25 and 25.
  • the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is connected to the guide main body 22 via the heat insulating layer 24.
  • the heat of the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is restrained from being conducted to the guide main body 22 by the heat insulating layer 24.
  • the heat insulating layer 24 is made of, for example, an alumina plate or a zirconia plate.
  • this upsetting apparatus 10A is equipped with two first cooling means 50 and 50 for cooling the periphery of the insertion hole 23 in the guide main body 22 of each guide 20.
  • Each first cooling means 50 is configured to cool the peripheral surface of the insertion hole 23 in the guide main body 22 by passing a cooling liquid such as a cooling water through one or a plurality of cooling liquid passages 51 formed in the inside of the guide main body 50.
  • a cooling liquid such as a cooling water
  • 52a denotes a supplying pipe for supplying a cooling liquid to the cooling liquid passage 51
  • 52b denotes a discharging pipe for discharging the cooling liquid from the cooling liquid passage 51.
  • "53” denotes a flow direction of the cooling liquid.
  • Each pressurizing means 30 is designed to pressurize each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 inserted and disposed in the insertionhole 23 of the guide 20 in the axial direction.
  • This pressurizing means 30 has a punch 31 and a punch driving portion 32 for driving the punch 31, and is configured to pressurize the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 in the axial direction with the punch 31 by driving the punch 31 by the punch driving portion 32.
  • a fluid pressure cylinder e.g., an oil cylinder or a gas pressure cylinder
  • Each guide driving means 27 is designed to move the guide 20 in a direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the corresponding diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1.
  • a fluid pressure cylinder e.g., an oil cylinder or a gas pressure cylinder
  • the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is inserted and disposed in the holding hole 12 of the receiving die 11. With this, each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is received by the corresponding receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11, while the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is held in the holding hole 12 in a buckling prevented state and in the axial movement prevented manner.
  • both the diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 of the raw material 1 are inserted and disposed in the corresponding insertion hole 23 of the guide, respectively [Disposing step of a raw material diameter expansion scheduled portion].
  • each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is inserted and held in the insertion hole 23 in a buckling prevented state and in an axially slidably movable manner.
  • the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 after receiving the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 by inserting and disposing the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 in the holding hole 12 of the receiving die 11, the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be inserted and disposed in the insertion hole 23 of the guide 20.
  • the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 after inserting and disposing the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 in the insertion hole 23 of the guide 20, the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be received by the receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11 by inserting and disposing the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 in the holding hole 12 of the receiving die 11.
  • current of a prescribed frequency is supplied to the induction heating coil 42 of each induction heating means 41 by the power source portion 43 to locally inductively heat the portion 2a of each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide to a predetermined temperature.
  • This heating temperature can be any temperature at which the deformation resistance of the portion 2a of the raw material 1 decreases, and not specifically limited.
  • the preferable heating temperatures can be concretely exemplified as follows.
  • the preferable heating temperature range is, e.g., 200 to 580 °C (more preferably 350 to 540 °C).
  • the preferable heating temperature range is, e.g., 580 to 625 °C (more preferably 600 to 615 °C). The present invention does not require that the heating temperature falls within the aforementioned ranges.
  • a cooling liquid such as a cooling water
  • a cooling liquid such as a cooling water
  • the preferable cooling temperature range can be, for example, 30 to 85 °C (more preferably 40 to 60 °C). In the present invention, however, it is not required that the cooling temperature falls within the aforementioned ranges.
  • each guide 20 is moved in a direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the corresponding diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with the guide driving means 27 while simultaneously pressurizing both the diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 of the raw material 1 with the corresponding punch 31 of the pressurizing means 30.
  • both the diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end face 21a of each guide 20 and the corresponding receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11 are simultaneously expanded in diameter at the diameter expanding space S between the tip end face 21a of each guide 20 and the receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11 [Expansion Step].
  • the diameter expanding space S is a free diameter expanding space as mentioned above.
  • the moving speed of the guide 20 and the pressurizing speed of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 by the punch 31 are set in accordance with the diameter expansion designed configuration of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1. These speeds can be constant or variable.
  • the diameter expanded portion 6 of the obtained upset forged article 5A as a preform is subjected to after processing according to need.
  • the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end face 21a of the guide 20 and the receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11 is set to be not longer than the buckling limit length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 (preferably shorter than the buckling limit length).
  • a time lag can be set between the initiation of pressurization of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 by the punch 31 and the initiation of movement of the guide 20. By doing so, the cross-sectional area of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 is increased at the diameter expansion early stage, which can prevent buckling more assuredly.
  • the upsetting method of the first embodiment has the following effects.
  • this upsetting method includes the step of receiving the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 by the receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11 and disposing the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 in the insertion hole 23 of the guide 20 and the step of expanding the diameter of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end face 21a of the guide 20 and the receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11 by moving the guide 20 in a direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 while pressurizing the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 by the pressurizing means 30 after the disposing step. Therefore, the buckling of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be prevented.
  • the upsetting method and the upsetting apparatus 10A of this first embodiment can be categorized into a free upsetting method and a free upsetting apparatus, respectively.
  • the portion 2a of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is locally heated by the heating means 40.
  • the portion 2a among the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is locally decreased in deformation resistance. Therefore, the molding pressure can be decreased.
  • the portion 2b located at the basal end side among the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 will not be heated, therefore the portion 2b does not decrease in deformation resistance. Therefore, the end portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is still hard and hardly deformed by the molding pressure imparted by the punch 31. This can prevent the possible molding pressure increase caused by introduction of a part of the material of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 into the gap between the punch 31 and the insertion hole 23 of the guide 20. This in turn can prevent a problem that the processing cannot be performed. Furthermore, the possible molding pressure increase caused by the radially ourtward expansion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 in the insertion hole 23 of the guide 20 can also be prevented. Therefore, even in cases where the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 to be inserted in the insertion hole 23 of the guide 20 is long as well as short, the molding pressure can be decreased assuredly.
  • the heating means 40 is an induction heating means 41 having an induction heating coil 42, and the portion 2a of each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip endportion 21 of the guide 20 is inductively heated by the induction heating coil 42 disposed at the tip end portion 21 of each guide 20. Therefore, the predetermined portion 2a of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
  • This upsetting can be categorized into a Thixo molding.
  • each guide 20 is connected to the guide main body 22 via the heat insulating layer 24, the heat of the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 can be assuredly prevented frombeing transferred to the guide mainbody 22. Therefore, it can be assuredly prevented that the portion 2b of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 located at the basal side with respect to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is heated.
  • the diameter expansion is performed with the periphery of the insertion hole 23 of the guide main body 22 of the guide 20 cooled by the first cooling means 50. Therefore, the portion 2b of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 located at the basal end side of the guide 20 relative to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is prevented from being heated more assuredly.
  • both the diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 of the raw material 1 are simultaneously expanded in diameter. This enables efficient production of an upset forged article 5A having diameter expanded portions 6 and 6 formed at both axial side portions.
  • Figs. 7 to 9 are explanatory views showing an upsetting apparatus and an upsetting method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 denotes an upset forged article produced using an upsetting apparatus 10B of the second embodiment.
  • This upset forged article 5B has a bar-shaped shaft portion 7 and approximately hexagonal plate-shaped diameter expanded portions 6 formed at both axial side portions of the shaft portion 7.
  • Each diameter expanded portion 6 is a portion to be subjected to after processing to produce a connecting portion (e.g., bush mounting portion) to be connected to another member.
  • a connecting portion e.g., bush mounting portion
  • hole forming processing for forming a bush mounting holding hole in the diameter expanded portion 6 can be exemplified.
  • the shape of the diameter expanded portion 6 is not limited to a polygonal shape such as an approximately hexagonal shape, and can be, for example, a round plate shape or a columnar shape.
  • molding portions 14 each having a closed cavity 15 for forming the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 into a designed shape are integrally extended toward the axial end sides from each receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11.
  • each receiving portion 13 forms a part of a molding surface of the cavity 15.
  • a holding hole 12 is formed through the receiving die 11 so as to be communicated with both receiving portions 13 and 13, i.e., communicated with both cavities 15 and 15.
  • This upsetting apparatus 10B is configured to simultaneously expand both the diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 and 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end face 21a of each guide 20 and the corresponding receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11 within the corresponding cavities 15 of the receiving die 11. Therefore, the upsetting method and the upsetting apparatus of this second embodiment can be categorized in a restriction upsetting method and a restriction upsetting apparatus, respectively.
  • the cavity 15 corresponds to the diameter expanding space S in which the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 will be expanded in diameter.
  • this upsetting apparatus 10B is provided with at least one (two in this embodiment) second cooling means 55 and 55 for cooling the molding surface of each cavity 15 of the receiving die 11.
  • Each second cooling means 55 has a cooling jacket 56 mounted on the right and left side portions of the die 11 so as to cover both the molding portions 14 and 14 of the receiving die 11. And, it is configured to cool the molding surface of each cavity 15 of the receiving die 11 by supplying a cooling liquid such as a cooling water to the cooling jacket 56.
  • the arrow 57 denotes the flow direction of the cooling liquid.
  • each molding portion 14 of this receiving die 14 an insertion hole 16 for inserting the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is provided.
  • the other structure of the upsetting apparatus 10B of this second embodiment is the same as that of the upsetting apparatus 10A of the first embodiment.
  • the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is disposed in the holding hole 13 of the receiving die 11.
  • each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is received by the corresponding receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11.
  • both the diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 of the raw material 1 are disposed in the insertion holes 23 of the guides 20, and the tip end portion 21 of each guide 20 is inserted in each cavity 15 of the receiving die 11 via the insertion hole 16 [Disposing step of disposing the raw material diameter expansion scheduled portion].
  • current of a prescribed frequency is supplied to the induction heating coil 42 of each induction heating means 41 by the power source portion 43 to inductively heat the portion 2a of each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 to a predetermined temperature.
  • a cooling liquid such as a cooling water, of a normal temperature is flowed through the cooling liquid passage 51 of the guide main body 22 of each guide 20 to cool the periphery of the insertion hole 23 of the guide main body 22.
  • a cooling liquid such as a cooling water, of a normal temperature is flowed through the cooling jacket 56 of the second cooling means 55 to cool the molding surface of each cavity 15 of the receiving die 11 to a predetermined temperature.
  • the preferable cooling temperature range is, for example, 30 to 80 °C (more preferably 30 to 60 °C). In the present invention, however, it is not required that the cooling temperature falls within the ranges.
  • each guide 20 is moved in a direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the corresponding diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 by the guide driving means 27 while simultaneously pressurizing both the diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 of the raw material 1 with the corresponding punch 31 of the pressurizing means 30.
  • both the diameter expansion scheduled portions 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end surface 21a of each guide 20 and the corresponding receiving portion 13 are expanded in diameter in the corresponding cavity 15 of the receiving die 11 respectively.
  • the diameter expanded portion 6 of the obtained upset forged article 5A as a preform is subjected to after processing according to need.
  • the upsetting method of this second embodiment exerts the following effects in addition to the effects by the upsetting method of the first embodiment.
  • the diameter expansion is performed in a state in which the molding surface of each cavity 15 of the receiving die 11 is cooled by the cooling jacket 56 of the second embodiment 55. Therefore, the crystal growth in the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 within each cavity 15 can be restrained.
  • heating of the portion 2a of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 enhances the plastic flow of the material of the diameter expansion scheduledportion 2.
  • the material of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 can be sequentially filled in the cavity 15 under a lower molding pressure, and a diameter expanded portion 6 having no material-lacked portion can be formed.
  • the portion 2a of each diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide is directly inductively heated by each induction heating coil 42.
  • it can be configured to inductively heat the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 by each induction heating coil 42 to heat the portion 2a of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20.
  • the predetermined portion 2a of the diameter expansion scheduledportion 2 of the raw material 1 can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
  • the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 is preferably made of a hard conductive material having heat resistance (e.g., heat resistant metallic material) such as steel material.
  • the non-diameter-expansion scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is disposed in the holding hole 12 of the receiving die 11 and the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is received by the receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11.
  • the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be received by the receivingportion 13 as follows. That is, it can be configured such that the end portion of the raw material 1 is brought into contact (preferably, pressure-contact) with a receiving portion 13 so that the raw material 1 is disposed approximately perpendicular to the receiving portion 13.
  • the heating means 40 is an induction heating means 41 having an induction heating coil 42.
  • the heating means 40 is not limited to an induction heating means 41, and can be any other means, such as, e.g., an electrical heating means for electrically heating only the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20.
  • the predetermined portion 2a of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 will be heated via the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20.
  • the pressurizing means 30 has a punch 31.
  • the pressurizing means 30 is not limited to a member having a punch 31, and can be a member configured to move a gripping portion for gripping the rawmaterial 1 so as to pressurize the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 in the axial direction with the raw material 1 gripped by the gripping portion or any other means.
  • the raw material 1 has two diameter expansion scheduled portions 2.
  • the raw material 1 can have a single diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 at the axial one side portion of the raw material 1 or at the axial central portion thereof.
  • the number of the receiving portion 13 of the receiving die 11 or that of the cavity 15 can be one.
  • the diameter expansion processing can be terminated with a part of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 remained in the insertion hole 23 of the guide 20. As shown in the aforementioned embodiments, the diameter expansion processing can be terminated immediately after extruding the entire diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 from the insertion hole 23 of the guide 20 into the diameter expanding space S.
  • the upsetting method and the upsetting apparatus according to the present invention are not limited to a method or an apparatus for manufacturing a preform for a vehicle arm and can be used to manufacture various industrial product preforms, such as, e.g., a shaft preform, a frame preform, a connecting rod preform, a conform for a single head piston or a double-headed piston, or can also be used to manufacture a round-plate shaped forging raw material.
  • various industrial product preforms such as, e.g., a shaft preform, a frame preform, a connecting rod preform, a conform for a single head piston or a double-headed piston, or can also be used to manufacture a round-plate shaped forging raw material.
  • a bar-shaped raw material 1 made of aluminum alloy (material: A6061) having a diameter of 12 mm was prepared.
  • the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 was expanded in diameter under the conditions shown in Table 1 in accordance with the upsetting apparatus 10A and the upsetting method of the aforementioned first embodiment.
  • the molding pressures required to the processing were investigated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 in Example 1 was 200 mm, and the lengths thereof were 150 mm and 200 mm in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively.
  • Partial heating means that the portion 2a of the diameter expansion scheduledportion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 21 of the guide 20 was locally inductively heated by an induction heating coil 42.
  • Entire heating means that the entire raw material 1 was heated to a predetermined temperature by a heating furnace and thereafter the raw material 1 was immediately set to the upsetting apparatus and subjected to diameter expansion processing.
  • Cooling or Not-cooling means whether the periphery of the insertion hole 23 of the guide main body 22 was cooled by the first cooling means 50.
  • water of a normal temperature was used as the cooling liquid.
  • the cooling temperature was 40 °C.
  • the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 was 150 mm.
  • the molding pressure was 7.1 x 10 8 Pa which was very high.
  • the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 was 200 mm.
  • the molding pressure exceeded the maximum driving performance of the punch driving portion 32 in the middle of the processing. As a result, the processing could not performed.
  • the reasons are as follows. That is, by pressurizing the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with the punch 31, the end portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 pressurized with the punch 31 was crushed in the insertion hole 23 of the guide 20 by the molding pressure from the punch 31.
  • Example 1 the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 was 200 mm which was the same as in Comparative Example 2. In this case, however, the molding pressure was 8.0 x 10 7 Pa. Therefore, it was confirmed that the molding pressure can be decreased significantly.
  • the term "preferably” is non-exclusive and means “preferably, but not limited to.”
  • means-plus-function or step-plus-function limitations will only be employed where for a specific claim limitation all of the following conditions are present in that limitation: a) "means for” or “step for” is expressly recited; b) a corresponding function is expressly recited; and c) structure, material or acts that support that structure are not recited.
  • the terminology "present invention” or “invention” may be used as a reference to one or more aspect within the present disclosure.
  • the present invention can be applied to an upsetting method and an upsetting apparatus used in manufacturing a product, such as, e.g., an arm or a piston for vehicles (e.g., cars, or railroad vehicles).
  • a product such as, e.g., an arm or a piston for vehicles (e.g., cars, or railroad vehicles).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP06832569A 2005-11-15 2006-11-14 Tiefziehverfahren und tiefziehvorrichtung Withdrawn EP1964624A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005330528A JP2007136472A (ja) 2005-11-15 2005-11-15 据え込み加工方法及び据え込み加工装置
PCT/JP2006/322607 WO2007058155A1 (ja) 2005-11-15 2006-11-14 据え込み加工方法及び据え込み加工装置

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EP1964624A1 true EP1964624A1 (de) 2008-09-03
EP1964624A4 EP1964624A4 (de) 2010-08-04

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JP2009178741A (ja) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-13 Nishio Seimitsu Kk 鍛造ターボフィンの製造方法
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US8708745B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2014-04-29 Apple Inc. Dual orientation electronic connector
US10309445B2 (en) * 2014-08-19 2019-06-04 Ellwood National Investment Corp. Net shaped forgings for power generation/transfer shafts

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US20090223271A1 (en) 2009-09-10
KR20080068704A (ko) 2008-07-23
EP1964624A4 (de) 2010-08-04
WO2007058155A1 (ja) 2007-05-24
JP2007136472A (ja) 2007-06-07

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