EP1961276A1 - Schaltungsanordnung und verfahren zum betreiben von hochdruck-gasentladungslampen - Google Patents
Schaltungsanordnung und verfahren zum betreiben von hochdruck-gasentladungslampenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1961276A1 EP1961276A1 EP06830249A EP06830249A EP1961276A1 EP 1961276 A1 EP1961276 A1 EP 1961276A1 EP 06830249 A EP06830249 A EP 06830249A EP 06830249 A EP06830249 A EP 06830249A EP 1961276 A1 EP1961276 A1 EP 1961276A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- phase
- bridge
- lamp
- circuit arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
- H05B41/292—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2928—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the lamp against abnormal operating conditions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
- H05B41/2881—Load circuits; Control thereof
- H05B41/2882—Load circuits; Control thereof the control resulting from an action on the static converter
- H05B41/2883—Load circuits; Control thereof the control resulting from an action on the static converter the controlled element being a DC/AC converter in the final stage, e.g. by harmonic mode starting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating high-pressure gas discharge lamps.
- High-pressure gas discharge lamps are also referred to below as lamps.
- the invention relates to a method for operating such lamps. Descriptions which relate to advantageous embodiments of the circuit arrangement, apply in a corresponding manner also for the method.
- the invention deals with lamp operation with modulated operating frequency.
- the modulation is intended to prevent acoustic resonances in the lamp.
- the modulation specifically stimulates acoustic resonances in order to mix the gas filling of the lamp.
- a circuit arrangement for operating a high-pressure gas discharge lamp generally comprises an inverter which provides a high-frequency alternating voltage having an operating frequency which is in the range between 10 kHz and 10 MHz.
- the inverter can be known to be executed as a full bridge, which is fed by a DC voltage. This is described in the following reference: Bill
- the lamp is coupled via a coupling network to the output of the inverter.
- the coupling network is generally a reactance network and has a transfer function which describes the lamp current as a function of the operating frequency, given the output voltage of the inverter: in the above formula stands for the amplitude of the lamp current, ⁇ for the angular frequency of the operating frequency, for the amplitude of the output voltage of the inverter and for the transfer function of the coupling network.
- the half-bridge voltages have a phase that can be adjusted by a controller with respect to one another, - A -
- the high-pressure gas discharge lamp can be coupled to the bridge branch,
- the full bridge inverter supplies to the high pressure gas discharge lamp a lamp current, which is essentially an alternating current with a modulated operating frequency which oscillates continuously in a range between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency,
- the controller adjusts the phase according to the operating frequency so that the phase increases with increasing operating frequency
- the expression of the resonance points of the lamp generally decreases with increasing frequency. Ie. At low frequencies, it is critical to provide the lamp with much energy because strong resonances can form. At higher frequencies, however, the lamp more energy can be fed, since the resonances are less pronounced there.
- the coupling network generally has a low-pass character. Ie. At low frequencies, the lamp is fed more energy than at high frequencies.
- the invention is now based on the finding that the frequency dependence of the coupling network can trigger the instability of the lamp, because it is just the frequencies are less attenuated at which strong resonances occur. From this realization follows that the frequency dependence of the coupling network must be compensated. This is done according to the invention by controlling the phase synchronous to the operating frequency. So the phase points in a circuit arrangement according to the invention such as the operating frequency to a modulation.
- the frequency dependence of the coupling network causes a decreasing amplitude of the lamp current with increasing frequency.
- the frequency dependence of the coupling network in the power spectrum of the lamp line is such that the spectral power density decreases towards high frequencies.
- the inventive modulation of the phase is achieved that the amplitude of the lamp current is approximately independent of the
- the time profile of the operating frequency is selected so that all possible operating frequencies between the maximum frequency and the minimum frequency is generated substantially for the same amount of time by the inverter.
- the overcompensation causes more energy to be coupled into the lamp as the operating frequency increases. This has an advantageous effect on the stability of the lamp operation, since resonance points of the lamp tend to be more strongly attenuated with increasing frequency. The lamp thus converts more energy at operating frequencies at which the resonance points of the lamp are more heavily evaporated.
- an overcompensation can be neutralized. This is possible by a suitable temporal distribution of the operating frequencies.
- the switching transistors of the inverter are clocked at high frequencies for a shorter time than would be the case without overcompensation. This leads to a reduction of the switching losses in the switching transistors.
- high frequencies is meant frequencies that are closer to the maximum frequency than the minimum frequency.
- An overcompensation can therefore be used to stabilize the lamp operation or to improve the efficiency of the circuit arrangement.
- Both advantages are used by the overcompensation is only partially neutralized by a temporal distribution of the operating frequencies.
- the modulation of the operating frequency does not have to be periodic with a modulation frequency.
- the modulation may, for example, be controlled by a noise generator or by chaos.
- the relationship between operating frequency and phase defines a modulator characteristic.
- the modulator characteristic establishes a linear relationship with a modulation factor between operating frequency and phase.
- a modulation factor between operating frequency and phase.
- the modulation factor must therefore be set so that the compensation condition is met.
- the time course operating frequency is preferably triangular or sage leopardformig.
- the time course of the phase is then triangular or sage-toothed.
- the modulator characteristic is designed to achieve this.
- the control of the phase by the modulator can be extended to a control of the phase.
- the modulator requires a measuring input which is supplied with a measured variable for the amplitude of the lamp current or the power of the lamp.
- the modulator sets its modulator characteristic or its modulation factor so that the measured quantity remains constant.
- a minimum frequency of 45 kHz and a maximum frequency of 55 kHz has proven to be advantageous.
- the spectral power density of the lamp power is reduced. If the average lamp power remains constant, the power spectrum must be widened.
- the inverter superimposed on the lamp current a DC component whose sign changes with an alternating frequency which is less than one tenth of the minimum frequency.
- the DC component is generated by a full-bridge inverter whose switches have a pulse duty factor which deviates from 50%.
- the half bridge branches of the full bridge each comprise a first and a second switch.
- the full bridge inverter If a first on time of the first switch is equal to a second on time of the second switch, the full bridge inverter generates a square wave voltage without DC component. If the first one-time is reduced by an asymmetry time, while the second time is extended by this asymmetry time, the AC voltage generated by the full-bridge inverter contains a DC component. To avoid one-sided loading of the lamp, the A-symmetry time is alternately subtracted from the first and the second on-time and added with the alternating frequency. The change of asymmetry does not have to be abrupt. Less stress on the components used results when the change from peeling to adding the asymmetry time takes place continuously. For example, the time course of the value of the asymmetry times can be triangular. At any time, the sum of the asymmetry times of the first and second switches is zero.
- the power spectrum of the lamp power comprises components in a frequency range between twice the minimum frequency and twice the maximum frequency.
- additional components occur in a frequency range between the Minimum frequency and the maximum frequency. It also shares above double the maximum frequency, but generally play no role in terms of stable lamp operation.
- the double minimum frequency is greater than the maximum frequency, a spectral jolt occurs between the maximum frequency and the double minimum frequency in which no power is output to the lamp.
- the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency are chosen so that particularly pronounced resonances of the lamp fall into this spectral jaw.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram for a circuit arrangement according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows the time profile of half-bridge voltages and bridging voltage in a full bridge
- FIG. 3 shows the time profile of a lamp voltage without compensation of the transfer function of the coupling network
- Figure 4 shows the time course of a lamp voltage with compensation of the transfer function of the coupling network.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit arrangement with which the present invention can be realized.
- the circuit arrangement has two input terminals 1 and 2 to which a rectified mains voltage can be connected.
- the input terminals 1 and 2 are coupled to a PFC stage which effects a power factor correction and provides a supply voltage Us between the potentials 3 and 4.
- Parallel to the supply voltage Us a storage capacitor Cl is connected, which is to buffer the supply voltage Us.
- a potential of the supply voltage serves as the reference potential of the circuit arrangement. Without limitation of generality, the potential 4 is assumed as a reference potential in the following.
- the supply voltage represents the power supply for a full-bridge inverter.
- Each half-bridge branch consists of the series connection of an upper switch Sl, S3 and a lower switch S2, S4.
- the switches are preferably designed as MOSFETs, but may also be embodied as other semiconductor switches.
- MOSFETs the source of the respective upper switch S1, S3 is connected to the drain of the respective lower switch S2, S4 at a connection point.
- the left half-bridge branch has a connection point A and the right half-bridge branch has a connection point B. At the connection points A and B, there is a respective half-bridge voltage with respect to the reference potential.
- the control terminals of the switches are connected to a controller.
- the controller includes an oscillator that generates an operating frequency with which the control terminals of the switches Sl, S2, S3 and S4 are controlled.
- the switches of a half-bridge branch are activated alternately. This results in the connection points A and B relative to the reference potential in each case a rectangular alternating voltage UA or UB whose amplitude follows the supply voltage and whose respective frequency corresponds to the operating frequency.
- Between the connection points A and B is the bridge branch, on which a bridge voltage UAB is present.
- the bridge voltage UAB represents the inverter output voltage of the full-wave inverter.
- the rms value of the bridge voltage UAB can be set via the phase ⁇ between the voltages UA and UB.
- a series circuit consisting of a lamp inductor Ll and a parallel capacitor Cp is connected.
- the lamp inductor Ll and the parallel capacitor Cp are connected at a connection point 5.
- the connection point 5 and the connection point A the series connection of a lamp Lp and a series capacitor Cs is connected.
- the lamp Lp and the series capacitor Cs are connected at a connection point 6.
- the connection points B and 6 can be supplied to terminals on which then a lamp can be connected.
- the lamp inductor Ll, the parallel capacitor Cp and the series capacitor Cs form the coupling network.
- the parallel capacitor Cp causes a Resonanzuberhohung at certain operating frequencies and can be omitted.
- the series capacitor Cs suppresses DC components in the lamp current IL and can also be omitted.
- an ignition device that briefly provides a high voltage to start the lamp.
- the coupling network accomplishes an impedance transformation from the AC voltage UAB to the lamp. It can also contain a transformer.
- the impedance transformation of the coupling network has a Ubertragungsfunkti- on, which describes the frequency dependence of the lamp current IL relative to the AC voltage UAB.
- the transfer function has a bandpass character. With normal dimensions, the operating frequency is above the resonance frequency of the transfer function. Above the resonance frequency, the transmission function has a low-pass character.
- the controller includes a modulator with a modulator output.
- the modulator output is coupled to the oscillator in such a way that the operating frequency can be influenced by the modulator.
- the modulator causes the
- Oscillator generates an operating frequency, which oscillates continuously in a range between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency.
- the timing of the operating frequency is periodic with a modulation frequency.
- a typical value for the modulation frequency is in the 100 Hz range.
- the modulator can also be realized by a microcontroller in which a modulator characteristic for controlling the phase is stored by a software.
- the modul latorkennline can also be tuned in an optimization process to a lamp to be operated.
- Other frequency-dependent effects which are not based on the coupling network can also be considered in the modulator characteristic. For example, leads or the lamp itself may have a frequency dependency.
- FIG. 2 shows the time profile of voltages of the full-bridge inverter from FIG. 1. Scaling has been dispensed with since basic connections are to be explained. Usually, the voltages shown are in the range between 10 V and 500 V. The frequency of the illustrated time courses lies in the range of the above-mentioned ranges for the operating frequency. Above, the time course of the voltage UA is shown. The voltage UA is present between the connection point A and the reference potential 4. In the middle of the time course of the voltage UB is shown. The voltage UB is applied between the connection point B and the reference potential 4. Below is the time course of the voltage UAB shown. The voltage UAB is between the connection point A and the connection point B and represents the bridging voltage which is supplied to the lamp via the coupling network.
- the voltage UAB is not zero only if the instantaneous voltages UA and UB are different.
- the period of time for which the supply voltage or the negative supply voltage is present at the connection points A and B can be set via the phase .phi.
- the effective value of the voltage UAB is thus adjustable by the phase ⁇ .
- the rms value of the voltage UAB is equal to the value of the supply voltage. If the supply voltage is not constant, this has a proportional effect on the bridge voltage UAB. Fluctuations or a modulation of the supply voltage can be compensated by means of the phase ⁇ .
- the controller evaluates the supply voltage in such a way that the phase decreases as the supply voltage increases.
- FIG. 3 shows the time profile of the envelope of the lamp voltage from FIG. 1, d. H. the voltage between the connection points 6 and B.
- a curve of the lamp voltage is shown, as it is known from the prior art.
- the phase ⁇ is kept constant and is not adapted to the time profile of the operating frequency in order to compensate for the coupling function of the coupling network. It can be clearly seen how the lamp voltage varies with a frequency of about 100 Hz, which corresponds to the modulation frequency.
- FIG. 4 also shows the time profile of the envelope of the lamp voltage from FIG. 1.
- phase ⁇ is now adapted to the time profile of the operating frequency.
- the adaptation is advantageously chosen such that the transmission function of the coupling network is largely compensated.
- Both the lower and the upper limit of the enveloping lamp voltage shows in contrast to Figure 3 barely variations.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005059762A DE102005059762A1 (de) | 2005-12-14 | 2005-12-14 | Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben von Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen |
PCT/EP2006/069152 WO2007068603A1 (de) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-11-30 | Schaltungsanordnung und verfahren zum betreiben von hochdruck-gasentladungslampen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1961276A1 true EP1961276A1 (de) | 2008-08-27 |
EP1961276B1 EP1961276B1 (de) | 2009-04-01 |
Family
ID=37726795
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06830249A Not-in-force EP1961276B1 (de) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-11-30 | Schaltungsanordnung und verfahren zum betreiben von hochdruck-gasentladungslampen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7839093B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1961276B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE427644T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2633451A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102005059762A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2325098T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007068603A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009054377A1 (de) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-05-26 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Entladungslampe |
DE102010029981A1 (de) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-15 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Elektronisches Betriebsgerät für Gasentladungslampen mit verringerter Verlustleistung und Verfahren zum Betreiben des Betriebsgerätes |
US8217583B2 (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-07-10 | Grenergy Opto, Inc. | Gas-discharge lamp controller utilizing a novel reheating frequency generation mechanism |
US9225253B2 (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2015-12-29 | Microchip Technology Inc. | High voltage switching linear amplifier and method therefor |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0744883B1 (de) * | 1995-05-23 | 2004-03-03 | PRÄZISA Industrieelektronik GmbH | Verfahren bzw. Vorrichtung zum Betrieb einer Hochdruckentladungslampe |
US6803730B2 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2004-10-12 | International Rectifier Corporation | Single stage PFC + ballast control circuit/general purpose power converter |
KR100497973B1 (ko) * | 2001-11-14 | 2005-07-01 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 | 압전 트랜스의 구동회로 및 구동방법, 백 라이트 장치,액정표시장치, 액정 모니터 및 액정 텔레비전 |
DE10333820A1 (de) | 2003-07-24 | 2005-02-17 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben mindestens einer Hochdruckentladungslampe |
CA2535616A1 (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2005-03-03 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 1-carbamoylcycloalkylcarboxylic acid compounds, processes for making and uses thereof |
-
2005
- 2005-12-14 DE DE102005059762A patent/DE102005059762A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-11-30 WO PCT/EP2006/069152 patent/WO2007068603A1/de active Application Filing
- 2006-11-30 AT AT06830249T patent/ATE427644T1/de active
- 2006-11-30 ES ES06830249T patent/ES2325098T3/es active Active
- 2006-11-30 EP EP06830249A patent/EP1961276B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-11-30 DE DE502006003353T patent/DE502006003353D1/de active Active
- 2006-11-30 US US12/085,296 patent/US7839093B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-30 CA CA002633451A patent/CA2633451A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2007068603A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE427644T1 (de) | 2009-04-15 |
DE502006003353D1 (de) | 2009-05-14 |
US7839093B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 |
ES2325098T3 (es) | 2009-08-25 |
WO2007068603A1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
EP1961276B1 (de) | 2009-04-01 |
CA2633451A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
DE102005059762A1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
US20080284345A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
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