EP1957219B1 - Method for adaptively controlling processes for the production of cast iron - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for adaptive process control for the production of cast iron, in particular of GJV and GJS, and for calculating the addition amounts in melts, in particular iron melts, in which an alloy is introduced, the at least magnesium and a further metal and an inoculant as treatment agent contains.

It is already known ( DE19916234C2 ), a filler wire (wire injection) for the treatment of melts, especially iron or steel melts to insert by wire injection. The flux cored wire consists of an outer sheath of metal and a filling material, wherein the filling material has at least one first powdery or granular treatment agent and a second treatment agent. In order to provide a cored wire in which a uniform distribution of the treatment agent over the length of the filler wire ensures in each case and segregation can be safely prevented, the invention provides that the second treatment agent in the form of at least one solid inner wire is made of solid material. In one embodiment, the jacket is made of steel. The jacket can also consist of other materials, in particular Cu or aluminum, and therefore also of the material of the melt to be treated. The first or second treatment agent and / or the coating may include calcium, lead, sulfur, tellurium, boron, carbon, chromium, manganese, magnesium, silicon, niobium, titanium, vanadium, iron or zirconium, and / or alloys of these elements and / or compounds having other elements. In the known method two-stage treatment methods and thus very long process times with the associated corrections are required because the treatment of the molten metal, hereinafter called melt, is substantially upstream and the treatment of the melt takes place in the transport ladle and then by means of wire injection in Vergießofen , There are also high losses of use of the automatic molding equipment. Furthermore, corrections are required in this two-stage very long production process and therefore also the temperature losses and the consumption of treatment agents are very high.

Further prior art is the documents US4391636A . GB1138952A . DE1810995A1 and especially the DE60013226T2 , which discloses a method for producing a as-cast bainitic cast iron with nodular graphite.

The invention has for its object to achieve the production of directly castable GJV and GJS melts in a single-stage process and optimally adjust the physical characteristics and the Lunkerindex the castings within the specified process limits, the state of the molten iron continuously evaluated and the exact additions are calculated automatically in order to enter the determined amount in the melt can.

• 1.1 Zuerst wird das Gewicht der gesamten Schmelze und der Menge zuzuführendes Basiseisen ermittelt,
• 1.2 danach wird der Zustand der Schmelze mit Hilfe der thermischen und chemischen Analyse ermittelt und die zu erwartenden physikalischen, mechanischen Kennwerte, Festigkeitsindex sowie der Lunkerindex berechnet,
• 1.3 anschließend werden die in die Schmelze einzubringenden Formierungsmittel, wie Behandlungsmittel, Impfmittel, Legierungsmittel, Aufkohlungsmittel, Abdeckmaterial errechnet,
• 1.4 das Formierungsmittel als ein mehrlagiges Sandwich, das als unterste Trennschicht zumindest ein Impfmittel, anschließend zumindest ein Behandlungsmittel und als oberste Lage zumindest ein Abdeckmittel enthält, in einen Einguss des Vergießofens eingegeben. Dabei enthält das Formierungsmittel Behandlungsmittel aus Mg oder einer Legierung, die 10% bis 50% Mg und zumindest einen weiteren Legierungsbestandteil wie Cu, Ni, Sn oder ein Lanthanoid wie Cer enthält. Weiterhin umfasst das Formierungsmittel Impfmittel auf der Basis von FeSi, Legierungsmittel, Aufkohlungsmittel und Abdeckmaterial aus zerkleinertem Stahl. Als anschließender Schritt wird
• 1.5 das Basiseisen durch den Einguss eingegossen.

The object is achieved according to the invention by the following method steps:

• 1.1 First, the weight of the entire melt and the amount of base iron to be supplied is determined.
• 1.2 thereafter the state of the melt is determined by means of the thermal and chemical analysis and the expected physical, mechanical characteristics, strength index and the voids index are calculated,
• 1.3 then the forming agents to be incorporated in the melt, such as treatment agents, inoculants, alloying agents, carburizing agents, covering materials, are calculated,
• 1.4 the forming agent as a multilayer sandwich containing as the lowest separation layer at least one inoculant, then at least one treatment agent and as the topmost layer at least one covering, in a sprue of the Vergießofens entered. In this case, the forming agent contains treatment agent of Mg or an alloy containing 10% to 50% Mg and at least one other alloying ingredient such as Cu, Ni, Sn or a lanthanoid such as cerium. Furthermore, the forming agent comprises FeSi-based etchants, alloying agents, carburizing agents and crushed steel cladding materials. As a subsequent step will be
• 1.5 poured the base iron through the sprue.

As a result, an optimization of the physical characteristics of the castings and a significant reduction in Lunkerneigung is achieved. The process times and the process costs are thereby significantly reduced. The optimal determination of Treatment agent also leads to a very high yield of Mg in the Fe.

Characterized in that the forming agent form a multilayer sandwich, in particular as a triple sandwich or quadruple sandwich, the lowest separating layer at least one FeSi-based seeding agent, then at least one treatment agent such as metal and Mg and then as the top layer at least one process of the melt contains non-influencing covering, a premature reaction of the forming agent is avoided with the melt, reduces the process time and, inter alia, achieved a uniform process of forming the melt in the casting furnace.

It is also advantageous that the uppermost layer is the covering means, which consists of crushed steel such as steel granules or steel gravel.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that after each furnace filling a thermal analysis of the melt is carried out during the casting and serve the resulting process data for the determination of the forming agent, which can be made available to the immediately following furnace filling.

It is also advantageous that the total weight of the melt in a casting furnace and / or in a transport ladle is determined and the melt is analyzed by means of a thermal measuring method.
It is also advantageous that during and / or after the casting process, the actual process data is compared with target data or with target data stored in a computer and adapted continuously and then the forming agent will be determined.

For this purpose, it is advantageous that the determination of the process data at least the physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics and / or the determination of the characteristics such as strength index and voids index using the determination of individual cooling temperature curves of the melt.

For this purpose, it is also advantageous that the determination of the physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics such as strength index and Lunkerindex done using the determination of individual cooling temperature curves of the melt.

It is advantageous that the thermal analysis takes place in one or more separate and closed crucibles of the measuring station and in the case of several crucibles each crucible has a different response means, such as e.g. May contain inoculants.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that, during the determination of the process data, the melt to be poured off into a mold and the addition of the new melt into the casting furnace take place continuously. This can reduce the total work process.

It is also advantageous for this that the determined process data from the analysis of the melt, supported by the computer, are continuously compared with the target data, adapted and used to determine the subsequently added forming agent.

Of particular importance for the present invention is that to form the separation layer between the melt in the casting or Druckvergießofen and the still untreated, to be filled melt at least in a sprue of Druckvergießofens first involved in the process inoculating agent and finally the process-neutral separating material is entered.

This makes it possible to produce a directly pourable GJV or GJS melt in a casting furnace. The process can be carried out very quickly, since the previously necessary process steps can be dispensed with. Due to the advantageous selection and the way in which the alloy components are introduced into the melt, high process reliability is achieved in achieving the physical characteristics and the voids behavior of the cast parts. Furthermore, a controlled reaction leads to a reduced consumption of alloying constituents. The treatment agent produces very low amounts of slag, so that the slagging must be carried out only periodically at longer intervals. Due to the high repeatability of the desired actual process data, it is possible, as already mentioned, to inexpensively produce a directly castable GJV or else GJS melt in a single-stage working process in a casting furnace.

In the present invention, the treating agent is an alloy containing about 10% to 50% of Mg and at least one other alloying ingredient such as Cu, Ni, Sn or a lanthanoid such as cerium and introduced into the melt. Due to the advantageous composition in the treatment of Mg and the additional metal, a high yielding is achieved and There is only a low consumption of the treatment agent.

Further, it is preferable that the alloy contains 15% to 30% Mg and, moreover, at least Cu or another metal. By introducing the release material, for example, in the area of the sprue of Druckvergießofens a separating layer is formed for the iron and the iron to be filled and therefore prevents premature reaction and burning, so that among other things, the desired process parameters safely achieved and high process reliability while large output of Mg is guaranteed up to 95%.

It is also advantageous for this purpose that the treatment agent is an alloy which contains about 20% Mg and 80% Cu and is introduced into the melt.

According to a preferred embodiment of the solution according to the invention, it is finally provided that the alloy is largely introduced into the pressure casting furnace with the exclusion of oxygen from the atmosphere, wherein the treatment and the control of the germination state and / or the modification of the alloy constituents take place within the pressure casting furnace.

Of particular importance for the present invention is that a steel granulate or steel gravel is provided as the uppermost layer or as a cover, which forms a separating layer during the injection of the melt. wherein the multilayer sandwich is pressed during the filling of the base iron in the crucible and the formation of the iron takes place only in this. The lower release layer and the upper layer Prevent a reaction in the sprue, with the use of steel granules or steel gravel is provided as the top layer or as a covering.

In connection with the design and arrangement according to the invention, it is advantageous that the treatment agent formed at least from metal and Mg is applied in a grain to the inoculant or separating layer. As a result, as already mentioned, very low amounts of slag are generated. Furthermore, the metallurgical separation achieves a controllable reaction in the casting furnace by the treatment of the melt by the use of alloy components such as Cu and by the inoculation of foreign seeds. Cu is present in the iron as a perlitizer, but its proportion in the treatment amount can be advantageously adjusted via the base content in the iron.

It is also advantageous that, prior to the input of the forming agents such as inoculants, treatment agents, alloying agents, covering or separating material, the weight of the melt in the casting furnace and in the transport ladle is determined, i. The actual process data are determined, inter alia, via the thermal analysis and thus the amount of base iron to be filled is determined and an analysis of the melt is carried out.

In addition, it is preferable that with respect to the total melt, the treating agent contains 0.03% to 0.09% Mg or 0.005% to 0.03% Mg.

In the production of the material GJV, the narrow process window is advantageous from 0.005% to 0.03%, for the material GJS the larger window is 0.03% to 0.09%.

By means of the method according to the invention and the advantageous introduction of the forming agent into the melt, an automation of the treatment, the introduction of foreign germs and alloying becomes possible, so that a high availability of the automatically operating molding plant is achieved by reducing the process duration. The work process can be carried out very quickly, since the previously customary process steps can be dispensed with. Also advantageous is the very high yield of Mg, which is between 80% and 95%.

Further advantages and details of the invention are explained in the patent claims and in the description and illustrated in the drawing.

Fig. 1

den Vergießofen mit einem Mehrlagen-Sandwich im Einguss, Transportpfanne mit Basiseisen,

Fig. 2

eine Prozessübersicht mit Mess- und Auswertestation zur Berechnung der Formierungsmaterialen, einer Betriebsmitteldosierungsanlage zur Bereitstellung der Mengen und der Zugabe in den Einguss.

Showing:

Fig. 1

the potting oven with a multi-layer sandwich in the sprue, transport pan with base iron,

Fig. 2

a process overview with measuring and evaluation station for the calculation of the forming materials, a fuel metering system for the provision of the quantities and the addition into the gate.

In FIG. 1 is a Vergießofen with the essential functional parts shown schematically, which can also be designed as pressure casting furnace 1. The Druckvergießofen 1 has inter alia a gate 2, a spout 9 and a crucible 8, in which the molten iron, hereinafter referred to as melt 3, is held by means of the inductor 10 at the required casting temperature.

Process-safe production of directly castable GJV-GGV and GJS-GGG melts is possible with the process according to the invention which is explained in more detail below.

A recent material development is a vermicular graphite cast iron, hereinafter abbreviated to GJV or GGV. In this material, the graphite is neither present as a lamella, nor as a ball, but as a node or as a worm. The mechanical properties of this material lie between the cast iron with lamellar graphite and those of the cast iron with nodular graphite. However, its production is difficult and requires a tightly tolerated melting treatment. The vermicular graphite cast iron has a significantly higher tensile strength than conventional gray cast iron (GG). Its properties allow higher pressures in cylinder blocks, for example. At the same time GGV casting offers the possibility of weight reduction, so that it can be used in other areas castings for engine construction.

According to the method of the invention ( Fig. 1 ) First, the determination of the actual process data of the melt 3.11 in the casting furnace during the casting, the calculation of the forming agent and then the filling of the individual materials as a multilayer sandwich 4.1 in the sprue 2, wherein the lower and upper separation layer of the multilayer sandwich 4.1 prevents premature reaction and burning of a treatment agent 5 between the melt 3 in the crucible 8 and the iron to be filled 11 from the transport pan 12. The forming material 5 and the covering material 6 are in Fig. 1 characterized as a release layer. Thereafter, the filling of the base iron 11 takes place from the transport pan 12th

As is apparent from the drawing, the forming materials 4.1, as mentioned above, the three-layer sandwich. Instead of the three-layer sandwich, it is also possible to use a multilayer sandwich, the further layers being e.g. may consist of other alloying agents that favorably influence the melting process. The lowermost layer of the forming materials 4.1 has a release layer 4. This separating layer 4 also serves as an adjusting lever for adjusting the microbial content of the iron in the casting furnace 1. The separating layer 4 constitutes an inoculating agent and advantageously consists of an FeSi-based alloy or another material.

The treating agent 5 may be made of an alloy containing about 10% to 50% Mg or 15% to 30% Mg or 10% to 25% Mg and moreover at least Cu or instead of Cu Ni, Sn or other metal, wherein in a later-explained method section, the alloy is introduced into the melt 3 or flushed.

It is also advantageous if the treatment agent 5 introduced into the melt 3 is an alloy containing about 20% Mg and 80% Cu or another metal in about the same amount.

It is also advantageous that the z. B. made of metal-Mg, CuMg, NiMg or SnMg or the like treatment agent 5 is applied in a fixed grain on the release layer 4. Before entering the forming agent 5, the furnace weight and the amount of base iron 11 to be supplied is determined and an analysis of the melt 3 is made.

The third layer is the process of the melt not influencing cover 6, which consists of crushed steel z. As steel gravel or steel granules may exist. These three layers form the multilayer sandwich 4.1 with the separating layer 4 and the covering means 6.

The untreated base iron 11 is fed with the aid of the transport ladle or ladle 12 at the required speed into the sprue 2 having the forming means 4 and cover means 6 and impinges on the multilayer sandwich 4. 1, so that it can be oxygenated to the exclusion of oxygen Sandwich is purged or pressed into the crucible 8 and only there reacts.

The multilayer sandwich 4.1 thus forms the barrier between the iron mirror 8.1 and the iron to be cast in by means of the transport ladle 12, the separating layers prevent a premature reaction of the treatment agent 5 and ultimately result in a very good yield of the Mg of up to 95%. Thus, as already mentioned, a directly castable GGV or GGG melt in the casting furnace 1 is made possible by a one-step process.

The calculation of the added quantities takes place in the following process steps:

After the intended forming materials and the covering material 4.1 has been placed in the sprue 2, the base iron 11 presses or rinses the multilayer sandwich 4.1 into the crucible 8 so that the iron is treated inside the furnace with the aid of the Mg. It can now with the help of the special FeSi-based inoculant, the germ bud and be adjusted with the help of possible alloying agents, the final chemical analysis.

According to Fig. 2 the required actual process data of the melt 3 in the casting furnace 1 are detected during the casting process, the automatic determination of the added amounts of forming materials 4.1 takes place via the comparison calculation to the target data. The required process data include at least the determination of the strength index and the voids index, which are determined with the aid of the individual cooling temperature curves of the melt 3.

From at least one silo or from two or three or more small silos 14, 15, 16 of a dosing system 13, the formation 4, 5 and cover materials 6 determined by a computer 17, as described above, are provided and in the required quantity in the Graft 2 delivered in which, as already mentioned, the multilayer sandwich 4.1 is formed.

In silo 14 is z. B. the vaccine such. B. one on FeSi basis, in the second silo 15, the treatment agent 5 (Mg + metal) and in the third silo 16, the covering means 6. The iron can also be formed by means of a wire injection.

The inventive method for an adaptive process control for the production of cast iron, in particular of GJV and GJS and for the calculation of the addition amounts or treatment agent in the molten iron can also be carried out when using the wire injection in the casting furnace.

The pouring of the melt 3 via the spout 9 takes place continuously during the measuring process. With the aid of measuring devices 17, the thermal analysis in two closed crucibles, the weight of the melt, the casting temperature, the various other parameters are detected and carried out a chemical analysis of the melt 3. The determination of the strength index and the voids index for GJV can be carried out using the thermal analysis described below:

For the mechanical properties of cast components, the microstructure has crucial importance. This cast structure is determined during crystallization depending on the chemical composition, the cooling rate and the microbial content.

The parameter is the degree of saturation or the carbon equivalent. These determine the position of the cast iron alloy in the Fe-C diagram. These parameters are influenced by third-party elements. Other important variables are the elements that directly influence the basic structure, and these are the pearlite formers.

1. a) das Verhältnis Volumen zur Oberfläche des Gussteiles,
2. b) die thermophysikalischen Eigenschaften der Kern- und Formstoffe,
3. c) den Wärmeübergang vom Gusskörper zur Form und den Wärmeinhalt der Schmelze.

The cooling rate is influenced by a variety of factors, namely:

1. a) the ratio of volume to the surface of the casting,
2. b) the thermophysical properties of the core and molding materials,
3. c) the heat transfer from the cast body to the mold and the heat content of the melt.

The determination of the strength and voids index for GJV by thermal analysis is explained below:

The difference of the specific volumes solid-liquid is the cause for the emergence of volume errors. The size of the volume deficit depends primarily on the respective casting material. In eutectic solidification, the expansion of the exiting graphite counteracts the shrinkage of the austenite. This means that, depending on the chemical composition, the cooling conditions and the microbial growth, the "feed-in" is improved. For the "self-feeding" to be effective, an endogenous shell-forming solidification must be present. The solidification type is influenced by the chemical composition, the microbial growth and the cooling rate.

Thermal analysis is a method of checking the quality of the melt. It is based on the recording of the time-temperature curve during the solidification of the melt and the evaluation of prominent points that arise during crystallization. When the liquidus temperature falls below the nucleation and growth of austenite dendrites in the melt begins. The dendrite growth releases heat. The bend creates a break point. During the further cooling, the eutectic equilibrium temperature is exceeded. Below this temperature, growthable germs are formed on foreign substrates in the melt. During the following grain growth heat is released, which can show a rise in the temperature of the melt (recalescence).

The cooling curve thus always shows the interaction between heat extraction and the development and thus the course of the crystallization.

1. a) Kohlenstoffgehalt, Sc, CE-Wert,
2. b) Neigung zur stabilen oder metastabilen Erstarrung,
3. c) Abschätzung von Gefüge von GJS,
4. d) Abschätzung zum Keimhaushalt von GJL.

The following parameters are determined by the thermal analysis:

1. a) carbon content, Sc, CE value,
2. b) tendency to stable or metastable solidification,
3. c) estimation of structure of GJS,
4. d) Estimation of the germinal balance of GJL.

Determination of the results data for the strength index.
From the prescribed areas of the castings, the mechanical characteristics are determined.
The result data for the voids index are determined as follows:
Over the expectation range of the volume deficit error the size of the error surface is determined by X-ray or control section. Using the mathematical model of the evaluation of the cooling curve of the melt in the crucibles 14, 15, 16 of the measuring station 17, parameters with a high correlation of the process data to the result data are determined. The mathematical combination of these parts gives the strength index and the voids index.

• 1. Abgießen der Schmelze 3 in eine Form 19 und dabei Entnahme der Schmelze 3 aus dem Ausguss 9 und Einfüllen in einen oder mehrere kleine Tiegel 14 bis 16 der Messstation 17,
• 2. Vornahme der thermischen Analyse mit Hilfe der Messvorrichtung 17,
• 3. Übergabe der ermittelten Daten an die Datenbank des Prozessleitrechners Messstation 17,
• 3. Auswertung der Istprozessdaten,
• 4. Berechnung des Festigkeits- und Lunkerindexes, Vergleich mit den Sollprozessdaten, Berechnung der Zugabemengen an Legierungs- und Formierungsmaterial 4.1
• 5. Bereitstellung des Formierungsmaterials 4.1 mittels Dosieranlage 13
• 6. Transport der Transportpfanne 12 zum Vergießofen 1,
• 7. Einfüllen der Formierungsmittel 4.1 bzw. der drei oder vier Lagen in den Einguss 2,
• 8. Einfüllen des Basiseisens 11 aus der Transportpfanne 12 in den Einguss 2 des Vergießofens 1
  Einspülen der Formierungsmittel 4.1 in die Schmelze 3 gemäß Fig. 2,
• 9. weiter wie Punkt 1 und folgende.

The determination of the strength index and the voids index for GJV by means of the thermal analysis is done according to the following process sequence ( Fig. 1 and 2 ):

• 1. pouring the melt 3 into a mold 19 while removing the melt 3 from the spout 9 and filling in one or more small crucible 14 to 16 of the measuring station 17,
• 2. carrying out the thermal analysis by means of the measuring device 17,
• 3. transfer of the determined data to the database of the process control computer measuring station 17,
• 3. evaluation of the actual process data,
• 4. Calculation of the strength and voids index, comparison with the target process data, calculation of the added amounts of alloying and forming material 4.1
• 5. Provision of the forming material 4.1 by means of dosing system 13
• 6. Transport of the transport ladle 12 to the casting furnace 1,
• 7. filling the forming means 4.1 or the three or four layers in the sprue 2,
• 8. filling the base iron 11 from the transport pan 12 in the sprue 2 of the Vergießofens. 1
  Pouring the forming agent 4.1 in the melt 3 according to Fig. 2 .
• 9. continue as point 1 and following.

The determination of the strength index and the voids index for GJV or GGV, GGG melts by means of the thermal analysis is done for each filling with base iron 11 in the same manner as described, so that a very accurate determination of the amount or an adaptation of the forming agent 4.1 for subsequent Batches or melting taking into account the target data is possible.

Each crucible 14 to 16 of the measuring station 17 may, as mentioned above, have a different response agent or inoculation agent.

The determined values or process data are, as already mentioned, to the database or the process control computer 17 forwarded and evaluated and are available for the determination or amount of the forming agent 4.1.

Later, the process data is continuously matched with the specified target data so that the method can be continually adapted or optimized (learning system).

As already mentioned, the strength index and the voids index are determined from the two determined temperature-cooling curves of the melt 3 in the crucibles 14 to 16 of the measuring station 17. For this purpose, the process data are determined via a mathematically optimal model and compared with the result data.

Based on the determined parameters, an automatic calculation and weighing of the individual forming means 4.1 or the automatic determination of the alloying constituents contained in the multilayer sandwich 4.1 is now possible. Thereafter, the automatic addition of the forming agent takes place at least as a triple sandwich 4.1 in the sprue 2. This takes into account the furnace or transport tank contents, so that an optimal formation of the melt 3 in the casting furnace 1 is possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Casting furnace, pressure casting furnace

2

sprue

3

melt

4

Separating layer, FeSi (inoculant)

4.1

Buffer zone, buffer material, treatment agent (equivalent to triple-sandwich also formatting material)

5

Treatment agent, alloy or inoculant

6

covering

8th

crucible

8.1

iron levels

9

spout

10

Induktorheizung

11

Base iron, untreated melt

12

Transport ladle, ladle

13

dosing equipment

14

silo

15

silo

16

silo

17

computer

18

measuring device

19

shape

Claims (11)

1. Method for the adaptive control of the alloy composition of cast iron in casting furnaces by calculating the addition amounts and adding forming media and base iron to the melt (3) of the casting furnace, comprising the steps of

   1.1 determining the amount of melt (3) in the casting furnace and the quantity of base iron (11) to be added,

   1.2 calculating the expected physical and mechanical characteristics, solidity index and shrinkage index of the melt (3) using thermal and chemical analysis,

   1.3 calculating the forming media to be added to the melt (3) for obtaining the desired physical and mechanical characteristics,

   1.4 introducing the forming medium into the casting furnace (1) as a multi-layered sandwich,
   wherein the forming medium contains

   - treatment media of Mg or an alloy containing 10% to 50% Mg and at least one further alloy component, such as Cu, Ni, Sn or a lanthanide such as Cer,

   - inoculating media based on FeSi,

   - alloying media,

   - carburising media and

   - covering material (6) of crushed steel,

   1.5 pouring in the base iron through the sprue (2)
   characterised in that
   the forming medium, as a multi-layered sandwich (4.1), contains as its lowest layer at least the inoculating medium (4), above this at least the treatment medium (5) and as its top layer at least the covering material (6) and is introduced into a sprue (2) of the casting furnace (1).
2. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   following each casting of the casting furnace, the process data determined for the respective melt are made available for the determination of the forming media (4.1) for the melt introduced into the casting furnace immediately thereafter.
3. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the method is applied to a melt in a transfer ladle (12).
4. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   during and/or after the casting, the actual process data are compared to target data or to target data stored in a computer and continuously adapted, whereupon the forming media (4.1) are determined.
5. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics and/or such characteristics as solidity index and shrinkage index are determined with the aid of the determination of individual cooling temperature curves of the melt (3).
6. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   during the determination of the process data, the melt (3) is poured into a mould (19) and new melt (11) is continuously added to the casting furnace (1).
7. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   an alloy comprising Mg and Cu, with 15% to 30% Mg, is chosen as a treatment medium (5).
8. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the treatment medium (5) is an alloy containing approximately 20% Mg and 80% Cu and is added to the melt (3).
9. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the treatment medium (5) is introduced into the pressure casting furnace (1) with the exclusion of atmospheric oxygen, the treatment and the control of the nucleation state of the alloy components occurring within the pressure casting furnace (1).
10. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the covering material (6) forms a separating layer during the pouring of the melt (11).
11. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the treatment medium (5) is added to the inoculating medium (4) in a granular form.

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