EP1955052A1 - Appareil de mesure de la distribution de la reflectance bidirectionnelle - Google Patents

Appareil de mesure de la distribution de la reflectance bidirectionnelle

Info

Publication number
EP1955052A1
EP1955052A1 EP06828522A EP06828522A EP1955052A1 EP 1955052 A1 EP1955052 A1 EP 1955052A1 EP 06828522 A EP06828522 A EP 06828522A EP 06828522 A EP06828522 A EP 06828522A EP 1955052 A1 EP1955052 A1 EP 1955052A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
sample
light source
meter according
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06828522A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Bonnet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Spheron VR AG
Original Assignee
Spheron VR AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Spheron VR AG filed Critical Spheron VR AG
Publication of EP1955052A1 publication Critical patent/EP1955052A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
    • G01N21/57—Measuring gloss

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the preamble and thus deals with a bidirectional reflectance distribution meter and the measurement of the reflex dance distribution.
  • An ideal mirror follows, for example, the known relationship of angle of incidence and angle of reflection, whereby no light is detected in a direction transverse to the incident-light beam.
  • Bidirectional reflectance distribution meters are used to determine the gloss behavior of a sample.
  • a sample is irradiated so that the light source gradually describes an arc across the sample.
  • the sample is therefore illuminated at a predeterminable elevation by the light source. It is desirable to determine the light reception from the sample for each point of a hemisphere located above the sample.
  • a light receiver can be moved around the sample, rotated on the one hand relative to the light source, like the hands of a clock on whose dial the sample would be imaginable, and on the other hand also having its elevation in arcuate motion across the sample be changed gradually.
  • Known systems that determine bi-directional reflectance distribution in this manner are precise but expensive, expensive, large and slow.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide new products for commercial use.
  • the present invention thus proposes, in a first aspect, a bidirectional reflectance distribution measuring instrument with a light source illuminating a sample under predeterminable elevation and a light receiver movable relative thereto for receiving light from the sample, in which case the light source
  • Light receiver for simultaneous detection of a wide elevation angle range comprises a plurality of receiver elements and at least one of light source and light receiver is movable about a generally perpendicular to the sample axis.
  • a first basic idea is to be seen in the knowledge that a precise image of the illuminated light spot is not required to determine the gloss characteristics of a body. It has been recognized that it is possible, even without precise imaging of this light spot on a receiver, to perform a measurement which is perfectly adequate even for still images and longer viewing without such imaging optics.
  • This allows the formation of the light receiver with a plurality of receiver elements, which are arranged close to each other, and thus the simultaneous detection of a wide elevation angle range, the can be measured angularly resolved by the plurality of receiver elements.
  • the receiver elements can be arranged close to the sample due to the preferred omission of larger imaging optics and the like, which makes it possible to detect a very wide elevation angle range simultaneously with angular resolution.
  • the light source it is preferred for the light source to emit a light spot which can be focused on the sample.
  • the overall structure is further simplified because it is not necessary to move the entire light source including the holder and so on.
  • a spectral filter means in the beam path between the light source of the light source and the sample, with which light of a predetermined spectral intensity distribution can be selectively radiated onto the sample. If filter wheels or the like are used as the spectral filter means, measurements can be taken very quickly one behind the other the bidirectional reflectance distribution at different wavelengths are performed.
  • the illuminated spot will be enlarged at very low illumination elevation, ie, near grazing illumination, without additional measures. It is therefore preferred if means are provided for reducing the light source image-induced errors occurring in the case of low light source elevation.
  • the aberrations at oblique incidence that is the so-called astigmatism
  • cylindrical lenses or the like can be arranged in the beam path in front of the sample.
  • the light receiver will typically be formed as a field with a plurality of receiver elements. It can be used in a preferred variant on light receiver fields, as they are already available per se. In particular, CMOS or CCD light receiver fields can be used. A particularly preferred variant is the use of linear light receiver fields. This is on the one hand preferred because the shading of the sample is minimized in determining the backscatter, ie close to the light source arranged light receivers, and on the other hand, because backscattering etc. are minimized by the light receiver to the sample, in the by detection Otherwise, the desired wide elevation angle range of typically provided near distances between the light receiver and the light transmitter could otherwise have a disturbing effect.
  • the light receiver will typically detect an elevation angle range of at least 15 °. This is already sufficient in order to obtain useful statements for certain applications, but possibly also requires a movement of the light receiver field if an approximately complete bidirectional reflection distribution is to be measured. Therefore, angle detections of an elevation angle range of at least 30 °, in particular at least 45 °, are preferred. In the most preferred cases, even angles of approximately 90 ° can be detected.
  • a bottom used light receiver field can be arranged approximately at the height of the sample and the light receiver extends to close to or above the normal to the illumination light spot. It should be noted that at equidistant intervals of the light receiving elements in
  • the transmittance can be measured simultaneously to the reflectance in two directions, which is very helpful especially for translucent samples such as plastics, which are so thin that scattering in the sample does not yet cause highly significant optical effects
  • the light source may be movable in such a way that it irradiates the sample from below from suitable, then negative elevation angles in order likewise to detect the transmittance with the arrangement between light source movement to negative elevation angles od he larger, negative elevations detecting light receiver fields can be done in terms of the desired mechanical and electrical effort and required measurement speed.
  • the change in the illumination elevation angle can also be effected by changing the sample inclination, whereby the sample can be arranged, for example, on a table which is about an axis lying in the sample plane rotates.
  • the light receiver is inclined against a normal to the sample.
  • the light receiver will thus cover a range of approximately at least 90 ° elevation viewing angle range, optionally on one side of the sample. If an area of less than 90 ° elevation viewing angle range is covered, the sample can optionally also be illuminated directly vertically from above. If, however, an area of at least 90 ° is covered, the sample is shaded vertically from above when illuminated. It turns out, however, that the shaded areas do not necessarily have to be measured in order to be able to determine deceptively real computer-generated still images with high-precision modeled gloss behavior. Rather, interpolation is generally not critical for the shaded areas.
  • the light receivers which are preferably formed with only a narrow edge and are therefore generally needle-shaped, do not have to cut exactly the axis which runs perpendicular to the sample at the light spot; However, it is preferred if the receiver needle at least very close to this imaginary axis, which would correspond to the typical preferred inclination of the receiver element to the sample axis of a skewed position.
  • linear receiver field could possibly be arranged on an arc in order to reduce an angle error.
  • the entire elevation range can be determined by the light receiver elements with one and the same sensitivity or gain and / or time integration. be watched; In this way, no errors occur by switching a gain range and the like. It should be noted that linear receiver fields with high resolution and sufficient dynamics are already used in commercial products of the applicant.
  • the light source will preferably be pivotable about the sample as a pivoting arc center for elevation change, in particular controlled.
  • the sample may be rotated or pivoted, in particular around an axis in the sample plane or at least parallel and close to it, for example with only slight changes in light source elevation with small arc amplitudes and, for example, oscillating.
  • the light source and the light receiver will be arranged rotatable, pivotable or rotatable with respect to each other so that an imaginary angle changes with the illuminated spot of the sample as a vertex between at least approximately 0 ° and 180 °; that the change is only between approximately 0 ° and 180 °, is due to the low shading by the light receiving elements, which are preferably arranged at a smaller distance to the sample than the front of the light source.
  • the axis of rotation of the relative movement of light emitter and light receiver need not be exactly perpendicular to the sample, but this simplifies the expansion and the structure. Deviations below 10 °, especially below 5 ° and in particular smaller than 0.5 ° are clearly preferred.
  • the light receiver elements can preferably receive light without imaging optics.
  • Fig. 1 a bidirectional reflectance meter of the present invention.
  • a bidirectional reflectance distribution meter comprises a light source 3 illuminating a sample 2 under a predetermined illumination elevation a and a light receiver 4 for receiving light from the sample 2 movable relative thereto, the light receiver for simultaneously detecting a wide range of observation angle range a 'a plurality of receiver elements, for reasons of clarity, only indicated at 4a, 4b includes, and here at least one of light source 3 and light receiver 4 about a generally vertical to the sample 2 axis 5 is movable, as indicated by arrow 6.
  • the bidirectional reflectance distribution meter 1 is transportable in its preferred, illustrated variant and thus at least not larger than the housing still allows on a conventional work table; Therefore, in the preferred and illustrated embodiment, the distances between light source 3 and sample 2 are not more than about 50 cm between exit of the light beam 3a focused on the sample and the sample 2.
  • the bidirectional reflectance distribution meter is computer-controlled, as indicated at Ia , where on the one hand the elevation a. the light source is variable via a computer-controlled electric motor, indicated at line IaI, and further the spectral intensity distribution of the irradiated to the sample 2 by the light source 3 light is variable, indicated by line Ia2, which leads as a control line to an electric motor moving filter wheel 3b.
  • a line Ia3 is provided in order to feed the signals of the plurality of receiver elements 4a, 4b which are representative of the irradiation intensity into the central data processing stage in a correspondingly signal-conditioned form.
  • the movement of light receiver 4 and light source 3 relative to one another, which is indicated by arrow 6, can be predetermined via a control line Ia4, which acts on an electric motor 7 with control and power signals.
  • sensors for acquiring parameters relevant to measurement such as light source elevation, intensity of light source intensity which can be drawn in for standardization, are provided; the signals from these sensors can also be evaluated.
  • the control and data evaluation unit Ia is, apart from the dedicated interfaces, as a conventional process computer, PC or laptop train and otherwise suitable to make numerical corrections of readings as required;
  • the control and data evaluation unit Ia thus also comprises or forms at the same time a correction stage for the numerical correction of acquired raw data.
  • sample 2 is a sample of an automotive paint applied to a suitable carrier, whose gloss and albedo behavior is to be analyzed in order to subsequently use the measured data in the computer generation of images with this paint for automobiles to be painted
  • the sample in a preferred embodiment and at the distances indicated, may be about 5 x 5 cm or even smaller.
  • a very small sample placed on an approximately converging or bar-shaped, preferably absorbent carrier can mitigate the astigmatism problem of illumination astigmatism.
  • the sample 2 is to be arranged such that its center approximately coincides with the axis 5, about which light receiver 4 or light source 3 are pivotable or rotatable.
  • suitable sample holders may be provided, for example, to fix tightly and evenly a textile fabric to be analyzed for bidirectional reflectance behavior.
  • the light source 3 initially comprises a luminous means 3c, which is shown in the schematic representation of Fig. 1 as a light bulb, it being understood that in the practical realization of bright bulbs with high luminance and appropriate spectral distribution are preferred.
  • the light from the light source 3c optionally after collimating as indicated by lens 3d, may optionally be spectrally filtered or generated with a suitable spectral distribution, as indicated by the filter 3b, which can be positioned here as a positionable via a control line 1a Filter wheel 3b provided filter glass is realized.
  • filter 3b which can be positioned here as a positionable via a control line 1a Filter wheel 3b provided filter glass is realized.
  • the light provided as required and desired with selected spectral intensity distribution is guided in the illustrated exemplary embodiment via an optical fiber 3e to a coupling-out optical system 3f, which allows the light to be focused on the sample 2.
  • the objective that is to say the coupling-out optics 3f, is fastened to an electromotive, in particular stepping motor-driven, pivoting arm such that, under the control of the unit 1a, an arc can be passed over the sample and with the sample as the center, so that elevations between adjacent Approximately 0 ° (almost parallel incidence to the sample) and 90 ° (almost vertical incidence) can be described.
  • the receiver 4 is arranged as a linear array of light receiver elements close to the sample in order to be able to detect the light reflected back from the sample into the room.
  • the light receiver elements have a distance to the sample, which is significantly smaller than the focal length of the exit optics 3f of the light source. Thus, the light receiving elements are closer to the sample than the exit optics 3f of the light source 3.
  • 1,024 are photosensitive Elements have been arranged in the photosensitive receiver field. This number allows for sufficiently close arrangement of the light receiver 4 on the sample 2, for example, not more than 5 cm distance a sufficiently high resolution.
  • a sample without switching a gain or other adjustments in both the areas in which very little light is received by the sample are strongly detected by the incident elevation angle ⁇ different observation elevation angle a ", as well as in the direct reflection.
  • the light receiver 4 is rotatably arranged about the axis 5, wherein in the illustrated embodiment as possible the
  • Rotary range is limited to 360 ° or less, for example, to about 190 °, with the over 180 ° going out areas allow overlap.
  • the sample can be rotated with the light receiver. If the sample is not homogeneous, as in the case of textile fabrics having a structure-forming weaving direction, the sample can be fixed and the light receiver 4 can be rotated relative to the latter and to the light source 3 about the axis 5.
  • the light receiver 4 is arranged and aligned so that the uppermost of the photosensitive elements lie on the axis 5 or at least at the axis 5, while the lowermost of the photosensitive elements of the light receiver 4 are designed for an observation elevation angle et * of about 0 °.
  • a stepping motor 7 For rotation about the axis 5, as is preferably possible, a stepping motor 7 is provided whose step size and stepping frequency are controlled via the line Ia4.
  • the step Frequency is determined such that an integration time required for the respective measuring purposes is obtained in each position of the light receiver 4 relative to the light source 3.
  • the step size is here, as preferred, adaptable to account for different demands on the measurement resolution.
  • a sample 2 is placed on the sample holder. Then light is focused on the sample 2 at an elevation of approximately a - 90 ° light.
  • the maximum elevation angle can only be approximately 90 ° and not exactly 90 °, since the light receiver 4 shades the light incidence of exactly 90 °.
  • a first spectral intensity distribution is then selected and the receiver 4 is arranged by rotation of the motor 7 in a position diametrically opposite the light source 3. Then an integration time is awaited. During this time, the signal obtained at the light receiver 4 is respectively integrated for each light receiver element. This signal thus represents a measure of the light emitted by the sample to a light receiver element, that is to say into a given observation angle of angle range a ".
  • the shaded area can also be reduced as far as possible in conventional linear light fields if the light receiver is not arranged in a conventional IC socket having a considerable width, but it is ensured that the width of the support, the electrical connections to the Light receiver is missing, etc., as low as possible.
  • the light source 3f is moved down an elevation angle step ce, and then moved from 0 to about 180 ° to measure the light receivers in the range ⁇ .
  • Imaging optics such as cylindrical lenses, which effect a focal spot reduction at low eIvation, ie ce close to 0 °, and / or by numerical correction of the detected values after recording the corresponding parameter fields.
  • Such numerical operations referred to as folding, make additional optical elements superfluous.
  • FIG. An example of the data sets to be obtained with a device according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the raw data image shows two brighter highlights on the left and right, respectively. These two highlights are present in the raw data set, because a rotation is caused by more than 360 ° to achieve an overlap.
  • the fact that the actual highlights are measured twice is particularly advantageous because on the one hand an overlap can be achieved particularly easily here, and on the other hand measured values can be averaged for the particularly important highlights and their nearer surroundings.
  • the reflectance can also depend on the microstructure of the sample and that the values obtained with the described device can be used to simulate suitable values without further ado.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de mesure de la distribution de la réflectance bidirectionnelle (1) pourvu d'une source de lumière (3) éclairant un échantillon (2) à un angle d'élévation prédéterminable a et d'un récepteur de lumière (4) mobile par rapport à ladite source et destiné à recevoir la lumière de l'échantillon. Selon la présente invention, le récepteur de lumière présente une pluralité d'éléments récepteurs (4a, 4b) permettant la détection simultanée d'une large plage d'angle d'élévation a' et au moins soit la source de lumière soit le récepteur de lumière est mobile autour d'un axe (6) généralement perpendiculaire à l'échantillon.
EP06828522A 2005-11-23 2006-11-17 Appareil de mesure de la distribution de la reflectance bidirectionnelle Withdrawn EP1955052A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005056106A DE102005056106A1 (de) 2005-11-23 2005-11-23 Zweirichtungsreflektanzverteilungsmessgerät
PCT/DE2006/002017 WO2007059737A1 (fr) 2005-11-23 2006-11-17 Appareil de mesure de la distribution de la reflectance bidirectionnelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1955052A1 true EP1955052A1 (fr) 2008-08-13

Family

ID=37781736

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06828522A Withdrawn EP1955052A1 (fr) 2005-11-23 2006-11-17 Appareil de mesure de la distribution de la reflectance bidirectionnelle

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7884943B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1955052A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102005056106A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007059737A1 (fr)

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DE102008046988A1 (de) 2008-09-12 2010-04-22 [0X1] Software Und Consulting Gmbh Reflektometer und Verfahren zur Charakterisierung von Materialien und Materialoberflächen zumindest hinsichtlich optischer Streueigenschaften oder/und optischer Reflektionseigenschaften
CN102252822A (zh) * 2010-05-19 2011-11-23 庞蕴繁 偏振光式视度测量仪
CN102590150B (zh) * 2012-03-01 2014-02-26 浙江大学 室内高光谱brdf测定系统
DE102012214019B3 (de) * 2012-08-07 2013-11-07 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Messsystem zur Bestimmung von Reflexionscharakteristiken von Solarspiegelmaterialien und Verfahren zur Qualitätsbestimmung einer Spiegelmaterialprobe
US10107747B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2018-10-23 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Method, system and computer program for determining a reflectance distribution function of an object
US9804087B2 (en) * 2013-06-11 2017-10-31 Scattermaster, Llc Hemispherical scanning optical scatterometer
KR102354016B1 (ko) 2017-08-22 2022-01-21 삼성전자주식회사 표시 장치에 표시된 콘텐트의 크기를 변경하기 위한 방법 및 그 전자 장치
CN110823839B (zh) * 2019-11-25 2020-10-27 东南大学 考虑太阳高度角差异的沥青路面反射率测试装置及方法
DE102022002964A1 (de) 2022-08-16 2024-02-22 Plasus Gmbh Messanordnung zur Messung des Reflexionsgrades eines Messobjekts

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WO2002057726A2 (fr) * 2000-11-15 2002-07-25 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey Appareil et procede destines a mesurer la fonction de distribution de reflectance bidirectionnelle variant dans l'espace
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080304070A1 (en) 2008-12-11
DE112006002964A5 (de) 2008-09-11
WO2007059737A1 (fr) 2007-05-31
DE102005056106A1 (de) 2007-05-24
US7884943B2 (en) 2011-02-08

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