EP1950428B1 - Device for measuring the position of a piston in a cylinder, assembly including a cylinder, a piston and one such device and aircraft engine comprising such an assembly - Google Patents

Device for measuring the position of a piston in a cylinder, assembly including a cylinder, a piston and one such device and aircraft engine comprising such an assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1950428B1
EP1950428B1 EP08100796A EP08100796A EP1950428B1 EP 1950428 B1 EP1950428 B1 EP 1950428B1 EP 08100796 A EP08100796 A EP 08100796A EP 08100796 A EP08100796 A EP 08100796A EP 1950428 B1 EP1950428 B1 EP 1950428B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder
axis
integral
sensor
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EP08100796A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1950428A1 (en
Inventor
Henry- Roger Leclerc
Daniel Kettler
Jean-Paul Bares
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/22—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils
    • G01D5/2291—Linear or rotary variable differential transformers (LVDTs/RVDTs) having a single primary coil and two secondary coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1466—Hollow piston sliding over a stationary rod inside the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28—Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2815—Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT
    • F15B15/2861—Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT using magnetic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28—Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2892—Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke characterised by the attachment means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D11/30—Supports specially adapted for an instrument; Supports specially adapted for a set of instruments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of position sensors, for measuring the position of a piston in a cylinder, in particular those used on aircraft engines.
  • a position sensor such as an active (inductive) linear displacement sensor, better known to those skilled in the art under its acronym LVDT, which stands for Linear Variable Differential Transformer, makes it possible to determine the longitudinal position of a piston in a cylinder.
  • LVDT Linear Variable Differential Transformer
  • a sensor 100 of the LVDT type comprises a movable ferromagnetic core 120, fixed on a rod 121 of axis 100A, and a fixed transformer 110, formed of three cylindrical coils and coaxial with the axis 100A of the rod 121, defining a winding primary 111 and two secondary windings 112, 113.
  • the rod 121 is moved in translation on its axis 100A.
  • the core 120 generates in the windings 111, 112, 113, by magnetic induction, a voltage between the windings, which is proportional to the position of the ferromagnetic core 120 in the transformer 110. It thus deduces the position of the rod 21 in the sensor.
  • Such a jack 200 comprises a cylinder 201, extending along an axis 200A, in which extends a piston 202, movable in translation on the axis 200A.
  • the piston 202 comprises, at its downstream end, a piston head 202A whose external diameter corresponds to the internal diameter of the cylinder 201, in which it is guided in a conventional manner.
  • the transformer 210 of the LVDT type sensor is attached to the downstream end of the cylinder 201, the axis of the transformer 210 coinciding with the axis 200A of the cylinder 201.
  • the ferromagnetic core 220 of the sensor is mounted on a rod 221 secured to the piston 202 and extending along the axis 200A.
  • the core 220 being integral with the piston 202 and the transformer 210 being integral with the cylinder 201, the position of the piston 202 in the cylinder 201 is deduced from the measurement of the position of the core 220 in the transformer 210.
  • the figure 3 represents a schematic functional sectional view of such a device, arranged on a jack 300 comprising a piston 302, movable in a cylinder 301, axis 300A.
  • a holding pallet 303 is fixed transversely in the piston 302, which is hollow.
  • the cores 320, 340 of the sensors are mounted on two rods 321, 341 fixed at their upstream end to the downstream face of the pallet 303.
  • the rods 321, 341 extend parallel to the axis 300A, the cores 320, 340 extending respectively and concentrically to transformers 310, 330, the transformers 310, 330 being attached to the downstream end of the cylinder 301.
  • the piston 302 is driven in translation on the axis 300A. It must, moreover, be free in rotation about this axis 300A.
  • a circumferential bearing 350 is arranged between the pallet 303 and the piston 302, allowing the piston 302 to be rotated about the axis 300A without communicating the rotational movement to the pallet 303 and to the cores 320, 340.
  • the cores 320, 340 remain integral in translation of the piston 302 and aligned with their respective transformer 310, 330.
  • the sensors can therefore measure the position of the piston 302 in the cylinder 301.
  • the piston 302 is generally subjected to transverse forces, which cause it to bend and can bend the rods 321, 341 and offset them with respect to the axis 300A of the cylinder 301.
  • the cores 320, 340 are then no longer centered relative to their respective transformers 310, 330 and are damaged, which results in a decrease in the life of the sensors as well as a lower accuracy of the measurements.
  • the invention aims to propose a device for measuring the position of a piston in a cylinder, which may comprise two LVDT type sensors to ensure the reliability of the device, which allows the piston to be free to rotate about its axis. and which is not damaged by any bending of the piston.
  • ball joint is meant a connection between two elements, which has three degrees of freedom in rotation and none in translation.
  • a position sensor can be arranged in the cylinder, without the transverse forces on the piston are transmitted thereto, while the piston remains free to rotate about the axis of the cylinder.
  • the measurement of the position of the piston in the cylinder is accurate, without risk of damaging the sensor.
  • the invention solves a particular problem, born in devices with two position sensors, but it also applies to a device with more than two sensors.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to cylinders, but it applies, more generally, to any device comprising a cylinder in which extends a movable piston in translation.
  • the invention applies in particular to the feeders, comprising a piston with two heads, driven in a cylinder, for the regulation of a fluid flow.
  • a dispenser is described in more detail below.
  • the position sensor is an LVDT type sensor.
  • the first element comprises a rod supporting a ferromagnetic core
  • the second sensor element comprises a transformer
  • the ball joint comprises a sphere held in a sphere flange.
  • the sphere may be either integral with the piston or integral with the first sensor element.
  • the sphere flange is crimped into a part integral with the first element of the sensor.
  • the invention also relates to an assembly of a cylinder, a piston and a measuring device as presented above and an aircraft engine comprising such an assembly.
  • the invention further relates to a cylinder or a metering device.
  • a cylinder comprises a cylinder 1, extending along an axis X, in which is inserted a piston 2, comprising a piston head 2A, whose outer diameter corresponds to the internal diameter of the cylinder 1.
  • the cylinder comprises a measuring device the position of the piston 2 with respect to the cylinder 1, comprising two position sensors 3, 4 of the LVDT type.
  • Each sensor 3, 4 comprises a ferromagnetic core 20, 40, cooperating with a transformer 10, 30, as previously described.
  • the transformers 10, 30 are arranged longitudinally along the X axis in the cylinder 1, and fixed at the downstream end thereof.
  • the transformers 10, 30 are wrapped in a protective jacket 60 extending longitudinally in the cylinder 1, the downstream end of the jacket 60 being fixedly secured to the downstream end of the cylinder 1.
  • the jacket 60 extends concentrically inside the piston 2, which comprises, at its downstream end, an opening 6 for the passage of the envelope 60.
  • Each core 20, 40 of the sensors 3, 4 is supported by a rod 21, 41, parallel to the axis X and aligned with the transformer 10, 30 corresponding, in which it is arranged to extend coaxially.
  • the upstream ends of the rods 21, 41 are fixedly secured to the downstream face of a holding pallet 31 disposed transversely in the piston 2.
  • the pallet 31 is generally in the form of a disc.
  • the piston 2 is hollow, that is to say that it is in the form of a sheath extending longitudinally in the cylinder 1.
  • the pallet 31, supporting the cores 20, 40 is connected to the piston 2 by a connecting means, here a ball joint, the connection being made inside the sleeve formed by the piston 2. Due to the ball joint 50, the pallet 31 is free to rotate in three degrees of freedom relative to to the piston 2, but it remains integral with the latter in translation on the axis X.
  • the ball 50 here comprises a sphere 51, mounted in a sphere flange 52 in the form of a spherical envelope.
  • a sphere flange 52 is also known to those skilled in the art under the name "cage”. Its function is to maintain the sphere 51, which is integral in translation but free in rotation.
  • the sphere 51 is integral with the piston 2 and the flange 52 is integral with the pallet 31.
  • the sphere 51 here supports a finger 511 extending on the upstream side and fixedly secured to the piston 2.
  • the sphere flange 52 is advantageously crimped in a cylindrical portion 37 extending longitudinally downstream from the upstream face of the pallet 31, the free ends of the cylindrical portion 37 being folded over the sphere flange 52 to hold it fixedly.
  • the upstream end of the piston 2 is driven in translation on the axis X with respect to the cylinder 1.
  • the sphere 51 integral with the piston 2, moves in translation; it drives the sphere flange 52, which is integral therewith, and therefore the pallet 31 and the cores 20, 40 that it supports.
  • the cores 20, 40 are therefore driven in translation on the X axis in their respective transformers 10, 30, the transformers 10, 30 being integral with the cylinder 1.
  • the position of the piston 2 in the cylinder 1 is therefore deduced from the measurement made by the sensors 3, 4, the position of the cores 30, 40 in their transformer 10, 30.
  • the piston 2 is, moreover, free to rotate about its axis X.
  • the piston 2 drives the sphere 51, the latter rotating freely in the sphere flange 52. No movement is transmitted to the cores 20, 40, which remain aligned in their respective transformer 10, 30.
  • the ball joint 50 thus prevents misalignment of the sensors 3, 4 during the rotation of the piston 2 about its axis X.
  • transverse forces may, in addition, be applied to the upstream portion of the piston 2, resulting in a deflection of the piston 2.
  • the deflection is compensated by the sphere 51, which rotates in the sphere flange 52. No movement is transmitted to the cores 20, 40, which remain aligned in their respective transformer 10, 30.
  • the ball joint 50 thus makes it possible to protect the sensors 3, 4 when transverse forces are applied to the upstream end of the piston 2.
  • the piston 2 may be subjected to forces generating movements of translation, rotation about its axis or deflection of the piston 2. Thanks to the ball joint 50, only the translation movements on the axis X of the cylinder 1 are transmitted to the cores 20, 40.
  • the ball joint 50 is little prone to seize, because the dust is unlikely to penetrate inside the sphere flange 52.
  • the sphere 51 ' is integral with the pallet 31 and the sphere flange 52' is integral with the piston 2.
  • the screw 531 is tightened at its upstream end by a nut 532 for securing the sphere 51 'on the pallet 31.
  • the sphere flange 52 ' is fixed to the piston 2, locked between a nut 53 integral with the piston 2 and a shim 54, the wedge 54 being attached to the downstream portion of the sphere flange 52'.
  • the invention has been presented in connection with a cylinder, but it applies to other types of devices comprising a piston movable in translation in a cylinder, such as a metering device or an aircraft engine comprising a set of a cylinder, a piston and a measuring device according to the invention.
  • a piston moves in translation in a metering cylinder.
  • Two radial orifices are formed in the cylinder, respectively defining an inlet and a fluid outlet.
  • the piston comprises two sealing heads whose outer diameter corresponds to the internal diameter of the cylinder, coaxial and connected by a shaft driven in translation along the axis of the cylinder.
  • the heads In a closing position of the doser, the heads completely obstruct the orifices, preventing any fluid communication.
  • the piston In an open position, the piston is moved in translation in the metering cylinder, thus allowing partial or total opening of the orifices and communication of the fluid from the inlet to the outlet. The translation of the piston thus makes it possible to "regulate” or "dose” the flow of the fluid.
  • a retaining pallet is disposed transversely in the piston, the pallet supporting two rods on which are respectively mounted the LVDT type position sensor cores.
  • the cores are respectively aligned with their respective transformer, attached to the downstream end of the metering cylinder.
  • An opening is provided at the downstream end of the piston for the passage of the transformers.
  • the holding pallet is connected to the piston by a ball joint, the sphere of the ball being, for example, attached to the piston and the sphere flange being fixed to the holding pallet.
  • proximity sensors such as a pierro capacitive proximity sensor, an inductive proximity sensor, a Hall effect sensor or a presence or infrared proximity sensor. for example.

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine des capteurs de position, pour la mesure de la position d'un piston dans un cylindre, notamment ceux utilisés sur les moteurs d'aéronefs.The invention relates to the field of position sensors, for measuring the position of a piston in a cylinder, in particular those used on aircraft engines.

Un capteur de position, tel qu'un capteur actif (inductif) de déplacement linéaire, plus connu par l'homme du métier sous son acronyme anglais LVDT, qui signifie « Linear Variable Differential Transformer », permet de déterminer la position longitudinale d'un piston dans un cylindre.A position sensor, such as an active (inductive) linear displacement sensor, better known to those skilled in the art under its acronym LVDT, which stands for Linear Variable Differential Transformer, makes it possible to determine the longitudinal position of a piston in a cylinder.

En référence à la figure 1, un capteur 100 de type LVDT comprend un noyau ferromagnétique mobile 120, fixé sur une tige 121 d'axe 100A, et un transformateur fixe 110, formé de trois bobines cylindriques et coaxiales avec l'axe 100A de la tige 121, définissant un enroulement primaire 111 et deux enroulements secondaires 112, 113. En fonctionnement, la tige 121 est déplacée en translation sur son axe 100A. Le noyau 120 génère dans les enroulements 111, 112, 113, par induction magnétique, une tension entre les enroulements, qui est proportionnelle à la position du noyau ferromagnétique 120 dans le transformateur 110. On en déduit ainsi la position de la tige 21 dans le capteur.With reference to the figure 1 , a sensor 100 of the LVDT type comprises a movable ferromagnetic core 120, fixed on a rod 121 of axis 100A, and a fixed transformer 110, formed of three cylindrical coils and coaxial with the axis 100A of the rod 121, defining a winding primary 111 and two secondary windings 112, 113. In operation, the rod 121 is moved in translation on its axis 100A. The core 120 generates in the windings 111, 112, 113, by magnetic induction, a voltage between the windings, which is proportional to the position of the ferromagnetic core 120 in the transformer 110. It thus deduces the position of the rod 21 in the sensor.

En référence à la figure 2, il est connu d'utiliser un capteur de type LVDT dans un vérin 200. Un tel vérin 200 comporte un cylindre 201, s'étendant selon un axe 200A, dans lequel s'étend un piston 202, mobile en translation sur l'axe 200A. Le piston 202 comporte, à son extrémité aval, une tête de piston 202A dont le diamètre externe correspond au diamètre interne du cylindre 201, dans lequel elle est guidée, de manière classique.With reference to the figure 2 , it is known to use an LVDT type sensor in a jack 200. Such a jack 200 comprises a cylinder 201, extending along an axis 200A, in which extends a piston 202, movable in translation on the axis 200A. The piston 202 comprises, at its downstream end, a piston head 202A whose external diameter corresponds to the internal diameter of the cylinder 201, in which it is guided in a conventional manner.

Dans la suite de la description, les notions amont et aval sont définies par rapport au piston 202. Celui-ci est soumis à une force d'entraînement à son extrémité amont, sa partie aval se déplaçant dans le cylindre 201. Autrement dit, l'amont est situé du côté du cylindre 201 par lequel sort le piston 202.In the rest of the description, the concepts upstream and downstream are defined with respect to the piston 202. This is subjected to a driving force at its upstream end, its downstream part moving in the cylinder 201. In other words, Upstream is located on the side of the cylinder 201 through which the piston 202 leaves.

Le transformateur 210 du capteur de type LVDT est fixé à l'extrémité aval du cylindre 201, l'axe du transformateur 210 coïncidant avec l'axe 200A du cylindre 201. Le noyau ferromagnétique 220 du capteur est monté sur une tige 221 solidaire du piston 202 et s'étendant suivant l'axe 200A.The transformer 210 of the LVDT type sensor is attached to the downstream end of the cylinder 201, the axis of the transformer 210 coinciding with the axis 200A of the cylinder 201. The ferromagnetic core 220 of the sensor is mounted on a rod 221 secured to the piston 202 and extending along the axis 200A.

Le noyau 220 étant solidaire du piston 202 et le transformateur 210 étant solidaire du cylindre 201, la position du piston 202 dans le cylindre 201 se déduit de la mesure de la position du noyau 220 dans le transformateur 210.The core 220 being integral with the piston 202 and the transformer 210 being integral with the cylinder 201, the position of the piston 202 in the cylinder 201 is deduced from the measurement of the position of the core 220 in the transformer 210.

Dans le domaine de l'aéronautique, les normes de sécurité imposent un niveau de fiabilité élevé pour les équipements de mesure et de contrôle. Ainsi, pour la mesure de la position d'un piston dans un cylindre de vérin, il est nécessaire de prévoir deux capteurs LVDT dans le vérin, afin qu'en cas de défaillance de l'un des capteurs, l'autre capteur effectue les mesures.In the field of aeronautics, safety standards impose a high level of reliability for measuring and control equipment. Thus, for measuring the position of a piston in a cylinder cylinder, it is necessary to provide two LVDT sensors in the cylinder, so that in case of failure of one of the sensors, the other sensor performs the measures.

On connaît, par le brevet FR2594515 , un dispositif de mesure de la position d'un piston dans un cylindre de vérin comprenant deux capteurs de position de type LVDT.We know, by the patent FR2594515 , a device for measuring the position of a piston in a jack cylinder comprising two LVDT type position sensors.

La figure 3 représente une vue en coupe fonctionnelle schématique d'un tel dispositif, agencé sur un vérin 300 comprenant un piston 302, mobile dans un cylindre 301, d'axe 300A. Une palette de maintien 303 est fixée transversalement dans le piston 302, qui est creux. Les noyaux 320, 340 des capteurs sont montés sur deux tiges 321, 341, fixées à leur extrémité amont sur la face aval de la palette 303. Les tiges 321, 341 s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe 300A, les noyaux 320, 340 s'étendant respectivement et de manière concentrique à des transformateurs 310, 330, les transformateurs 310, 330 étant fixés à l'extrémité aval du cylindre 301.The figure 3 represents a schematic functional sectional view of such a device, arranged on a jack 300 comprising a piston 302, movable in a cylinder 301, axis 300A. A holding pallet 303 is fixed transversely in the piston 302, which is hollow. The cores 320, 340 of the sensors are mounted on two rods 321, 341 fixed at their upstream end to the downstream face of the pallet 303. The rods 321, 341 extend parallel to the axis 300A, the cores 320, 340 extending respectively and concentrically to transformers 310, 330, the transformers 310, 330 being attached to the downstream end of the cylinder 301.

Le piston 302 est entraîné en translation sur l'axe 300A. Il doit, par ailleurs, être libre en rotation autour de cet axe 300A. A cet effet, dans le dispositif du brevet FR2594515 , un palier circonférentiel 350 est agencé entre la palette 303 et le piston 302, permettant au piston 302 d'être entraîné en rotation autour de l'axe 300A sans communiquer le mouvement de rotation à la palette 303 et aux noyaux 320, 340. Les noyaux 320, 340 demeurent solidaires en translation du piston 302 et alignés avec leur transformateur respectif 310, 330. Les capteurs peuvent donc mesurer la position du piston 302 dans le cylindre 301.The piston 302 is driven in translation on the axis 300A. It must, moreover, be free in rotation about this axis 300A. For this purpose, in the device of the patent FR2594515 a circumferential bearing 350 is arranged between the pallet 303 and the piston 302, allowing the piston 302 to be rotated about the axis 300A without communicating the rotational movement to the pallet 303 and to the cores 320, 340. The cores 320, 340 remain integral in translation of the piston 302 and aligned with their respective transformer 310, 330. The sensors can therefore measure the position of the piston 302 in the cylinder 301.

En fonctionnement, le piston 302 est généralement soumis à des forces transversales, qui le font fléchir et peuvent faire fléchir les tiges 321, 341 et les désaxer par rapport à l'axe 300A du cylindre 301. Les noyaux 320, 340 ne sont plus alors centrés par rapport à leur transformateur respectif 310, 330 et sont endommagés, ce qui entraîne une diminution de la durée de vie des capteurs ainsi qu'une moindre précision des mesures.In operation, the piston 302 is generally subjected to transverse forces, which cause it to bend and can bend the rods 321, 341 and offset them with respect to the axis 300A of the cylinder 301. The cores 320, 340 are then no longer centered relative to their respective transformers 310, 330 and are damaged, which results in a decrease in the life of the sensors as well as a lower accuracy of the measurements.

L'invention vise à proposer un dispositif de mesure de la position d'un piston dans un cylindre, qui puisse comporter deux capteurs de type LVDT pour assurer la fiabilité du dispositif, qui permette au piston d'être libre en rotation autour de son axe et qui ne soit pas endommagé par une éventuelle flexion du piston.The invention aims to propose a device for measuring the position of a piston in a cylinder, which may comprise two LVDT type sensors to ensure the reliability of the device, which allows the piston to be free to rotate about its axis. and which is not damaged by any bending of the piston.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un dispositif de mesure de la position d'un piston dans un cylindre, s'étendant selon un axe, le dispositif comportant au moins deux capteurs de position, qui comprennent respectivement :

  • un premier élément de capteur solidaire d'une palette de maintien reliée au piston,
  • un deuxième élément de capteur solidaire du cylindre,
les premier et deuxième éléments de chaque capteur étant agencés pour être mobiles en translation l'un par rapport à l'autre, selon un axe parallèle à l'axe du cylindre, dispositif caractérisé par le fait que les premiers éléments de capteur sont solidaires d'une même palette de maintien qui est reliée au piston par une liaison rotule.For this purpose, the invention relates to a device for measuring the position of a piston in a cylinder, extending along an axis, the device comprising at least two position sensors, which respectively comprise:
  • a first sensor element secured to a holding pallet connected to the piston,
  • a second sensor element secured to the cylinder,
the first and second elements of each sensor being arranged to be movable in translation with respect to one another, along an axis parallel to the axis of the cylinder, characterized in that the first sensor elements are integral with each other; a same holding pallet which is connected to the piston by a ball joint.

Par liaison rotule, on entend une liaison entre deux éléments, qui comporte trois degrés de liberté en rotation et aucun en translation.By ball joint is meant a connection between two elements, which has three degrees of freedom in rotation and none in translation.

Grâce au dispositif de l'invention, un capteur de position peut-être disposé dans le cylindre, sans que les efforts transversaux sur le piston lui soient transmis, tandis que le piston reste libre en rotation autour de l'axe du cylindre. La mesure de la position du piston dans le cylindre est donc précise, sans risque d'endommagement du capteur.Thanks to the device of the invention, a position sensor can be arranged in the cylinder, without the transverse forces on the piston are transmitted thereto, while the piston remains free to rotate about the axis of the cylinder. The measurement of the position of the piston in the cylinder is accurate, without risk of damaging the sensor.

L'invention résout un problème particulier, né dans les dispositifs à deux capteurs de position, mais elle s'applique également à un dispositif avec plus de deux capteurs.The invention solves a particular problem, born in devices with two position sensors, but it also applies to a device with more than two sensors.

Par ailleurs, la suppression des paliers, par rapport au dispositif du brevet FR2594515 permet de faciliter l'entretien du dispositif : une rotule est moins sujette à se gripper.Moreover, the elimination of the bearings, compared to the device of the patent FR2594515 facilitates the maintenance of the device: a ball joint is less prone to seize.

L'invention s'applique particulièrement bien aux vérins, mais elle s'applique, plus généralement, à tout dispositif comportant un cylindre dans lequel s'étend un piston mobile en translation. Ainsi, l'invention s'applique notamment aux doseurs, comportant un piston à deux têtes, entraîné dans un cylindre, pour la régulation d'un débit de fluide. Un tel doseur est décrit plus en détails plus bas.The invention is particularly applicable to cylinders, but it applies, more generally, to any device comprising a cylinder in which extends a movable piston in translation. Thus, the invention applies in particular to the feeders, comprising a piston with two heads, driven in a cylinder, for the regulation of a fluid flow. Such a dispenser is described in more detail below.

De préférence, le capteur de position est un capteur de type LVDT. Avantageusement dans ce cas, le premier élément comporte une tige, supportant un noyau ferromagnétique, et le deuxième élément de capteur comporte un transformateur.Preferably, the position sensor is an LVDT type sensor. Advantageously in this case, the first element comprises a rod supporting a ferromagnetic core, and the second sensor element comprises a transformer.

De préférence, la liaison rotule comprend une sphère maintenue dans une bride de sphère. La sphère peut être, soit solidaire du piston, soit solidaire du premier élément de capteur.Preferably, the ball joint comprises a sphere held in a sphere flange. The sphere may be either integral with the piston or integral with the first sensor element.

Selon une autre forme de réalisation, la bride de sphère est sertie dans une pièce solidaire du premier élément du capteur.According to another embodiment, the sphere flange is crimped into a part integral with the first element of the sensor.

L'invention concerne également un ensemble d'un cylindre, d'un piston et d'un dispositif de mesure tel que présenté ci-dessus et un moteur aéronef comprenant un tel ensemble.The invention also relates to an assembly of a cylinder, a piston and a measuring device as presented above and an aircraft engine comprising such an assembly.

L'invention concerne encore un vérin ou un doseur.The invention further relates to a cylinder or a metering device.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description suivante des formes de réalisation préférées du dispositif de l'invention, en référence au dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue schématique en perspective, partiellement éclatée, d'un capteur de position de type LVDT ;
  • la figure 2 représente un schéma fonctionnel d'un dispositif de mesure selon l'art antérieur ;
  • la figure 3 représente un schéma fonctionnel d'un autre dispositif de mesure selon l'art antérieur ;
  • la figure 4 représente un schéma fonctionnel d'un dispositif de mesure conforme à l'invention selon le mode de réalisation de la figure 5 ;
  • la figure 5 représente une vue en coupe d'un vérin avec un dispositif de mesure conforme à l'invention et
  • la figure 6 représente une vue en coupe d'un vérin avec dispositif de mesure conforme à un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the device of the invention, with reference to the appended drawing, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic perspective view, partially exploded, of a LVDT type position sensor;
  • the figure 2 represents a block diagram of a measuring device according to the prior art;
  • the figure 3 represents a block diagram of another measuring device according to the prior art;
  • the figure 4 represents a block diagram of a measuring device according to the invention according to the embodiment of the figure 5 ;
  • the figure 5 represents a sectional view of a jack with a measuring device according to the invention and
  • the figure 6 is a sectional view of a cylinder with measuring device according to another embodiment of the invention.

En référence à la figure 4, un vérin comprend un cylindre 1, s'étendant selon un axe X, dans lequel est inséré un piston 2, comportant une tête de piston 2A, dont le diamètre externe correspond au diamètre interne du cylindre 1. Le vérin comporte un dispositif de mesure de la position du piston 2 par rapport au cylindre 1, comportant deux capteurs de position 3, 4 de type LVDT.With reference to the figure 4 , a cylinder comprises a cylinder 1, extending along an axis X, in which is inserted a piston 2, comprising a piston head 2A, whose outer diameter corresponds to the internal diameter of the cylinder 1. The cylinder comprises a measuring device the position of the piston 2 with respect to the cylinder 1, comprising two position sensors 3, 4 of the LVDT type.

Chaque capteur 3, 4 comporte un noyau ferromagnétique 20, 40, coopérant avec un transformateur 10, 30, de la manière décrite précédemment. Les transformateurs 10, 30 sont disposés longitudinalement selon l'axe X dans le cylindre 1, et fixés à l'extrémité aval de celui-ci. Les transformateurs 10, 30 sont enveloppés dans une chemise de protection 60 s'étendant longitudinalement dans le cylindre 1, l'extrémité aval de la chemise 60 étant fixée de manière solidaire à l'extrémité aval du cylindre 1. La chemise 60 s'étend concentriquement à l'intérieur du piston 2, qui comporte, à son extrémité aval, une ouverture 6 de passage de l'enveloppe 60.Each sensor 3, 4 comprises a ferromagnetic core 20, 40, cooperating with a transformer 10, 30, as previously described. The transformers 10, 30 are arranged longitudinally along the X axis in the cylinder 1, and fixed at the downstream end thereof. The transformers 10, 30 are wrapped in a protective jacket 60 extending longitudinally in the cylinder 1, the downstream end of the jacket 60 being fixedly secured to the downstream end of the cylinder 1. The jacket 60 extends concentrically inside the piston 2, which comprises, at its downstream end, an opening 6 for the passage of the envelope 60.

Chaque noyau 20, 40 des capteurs 3, 4 est supporté par une tige 21, 41, parallèle à l'axe X et alignée avec le transformateur 10, 30 correspondant, au sein duquel elle est agencée pour s'étendre de manière coaxiale. Les extrémités amont des tiges 21, 41 sont fixées de manière solidaire à la face aval d'une palette de maintien 31, disposée transversalement dans le piston 2. La palette 31 se présente globalement sous la forme d'un disque.Each core 20, 40 of the sensors 3, 4 is supported by a rod 21, 41, parallel to the axis X and aligned with the transformer 10, 30 corresponding, in which it is arranged to extend coaxially. The upstream ends of the rods 21, 41 are fixedly secured to the downstream face of a holding pallet 31 disposed transversely in the piston 2. The pallet 31 is generally in the form of a disc.

En référence à la figure 5, le piston 2 est creux, c'est-à-dire qu'il se présente sous la forme d'un fourreau s'étendant longitudinalement dans le cylindre 1. La palette 31, supportant les noyaux 20, 40, est reliée au piston 2 par un moyen de liaison, ici une liaison rotule, la liaison étant réalisée à l'intérieur du fourreau formé par le piston 2. Du fait de la liaison rotule 50, la palette 31 est libre en rotation selon trois degrés de liberté par rapport au piston 2, mais elle demeure solidaire de celui-ci en translation sur l'axe X.With reference to the figure 5 , the piston 2 is hollow, that is to say that it is in the form of a sheath extending longitudinally in the cylinder 1. The pallet 31, supporting the cores 20, 40, is connected to the piston 2 by a connecting means, here a ball joint, the connection being made inside the sleeve formed by the piston 2. Due to the ball joint 50, the pallet 31 is free to rotate in three degrees of freedom relative to to the piston 2, but it remains integral with the latter in translation on the axis X.

La rotule 50 comporte ici une sphère 51, montée dans une bride de sphère 52 se présentant sous la forme d'une enveloppe sphérique. Une telle bride de sphère 52 est aussi connue de l'homme du métier sous la dénomination « cage ». Sa fonction est de maintenir la sphère 51, qui lui est solidaire en translation mais libre en rotation. La sphère 51 est solidaire du piston 2 et la bride 52 est solidaire de la palette 31.The ball 50 here comprises a sphere 51, mounted in a sphere flange 52 in the form of a spherical envelope. Such a sphere flange 52 is also known to those skilled in the art under the name "cage". Its function is to maintain the sphere 51, which is integral in translation but free in rotation. The sphere 51 is integral with the piston 2 and the flange 52 is integral with the pallet 31.

La sphère 51 supporte ici un doigt 511 s'étendant du côté amont et fixé solidairement au piston 2. La bride de sphère 52 est avantageusement sertie dans une portion cylindrique 37 s'étendant longitudinalement vers l'aval à partir de la face amont de la palette 31, les extrémités libres de la portion cylindrique 37 étant rabattues sur la bride de sphère 52 afin de la maintenir fixement.The sphere 51 here supports a finger 511 extending on the upstream side and fixedly secured to the piston 2. The sphere flange 52 is advantageously crimped in a cylindrical portion 37 extending longitudinally downstream from the upstream face of the pallet 31, the free ends of the cylindrical portion 37 being folded over the sphere flange 52 to hold it fixedly.

Après avoir décrit la structure des moyens de l'invention, son fonctionnement et sa mise en oeuvre vont maintenant être abordés.After describing the structure of the means of the invention, its operation and its implementation will now be discussed.

Lors du fonctionnement du vérin, l'extrémité amont du piston 2 est entraînée en translation sur l'axe X par rapport au cylindre 1. La sphère 51, solidaire du piston 2, se déplace en translation ; elle entraîne la bride de sphère 52, qui lui est solidaire, et donc la palette 31 et les noyaux 20, 40 qu'elle supporte. Les noyaux 20, 40 sont donc entraînés en translation sur l'axe X dans leur transformateur respectif 10, 30, les transformateurs 10, 30 étant solidaires du cylindre 1. La position du piston 2 dans le cylindre 1 se déduit donc de la mesure réalisée par les capteurs 3, 4, de la position des noyaux 30, 40 dans leur transformateur 10, 30.During operation of the jack, the upstream end of the piston 2 is driven in translation on the axis X with respect to the cylinder 1. The sphere 51, integral with the piston 2, moves in translation; it drives the sphere flange 52, which is integral therewith, and therefore the pallet 31 and the cores 20, 40 that it supports. The cores 20, 40 are therefore driven in translation on the X axis in their respective transformers 10, 30, the transformers 10, 30 being integral with the cylinder 1. The position of the piston 2 in the cylinder 1 is therefore deduced from the measurement made by the sensors 3, 4, the position of the cores 30, 40 in their transformer 10, 30.

Le piston 2 est, par ailleurs, libre en rotation autour de son axe X. Lorsqu'il tourne, le piston 2 entraîne la sphère 51, celle-ci tournant librement dans la bride de sphère 52. Aucun mouvement n'est transmis aux noyaux 20, 40, qui demeurent alignés dans leur transformateur respectif 10, 30. La liaison rotule 50 permet donc d'éviter un défaut d'alignement des capteurs 3, 4 lors de la rotation du piston 2 autour de son axe X.The piston 2 is, moreover, free to rotate about its axis X. When it rotates, the piston 2 drives the sphere 51, the latter rotating freely in the sphere flange 52. No movement is transmitted to the cores 20, 40, which remain aligned in their respective transformer 10, 30. The ball joint 50 thus prevents misalignment of the sensors 3, 4 during the rotation of the piston 2 about its axis X.

En fonctionnement, des forces transversales peuvent, en outre, être appliquées sur la partie amont du piston 2, entraînant un fléchissement du piston 2. Le fléchissement est compensé par la sphère 51, qui entre en rotation dans la bride de sphère 52. Aucun mouvement n'est transmis aux noyaux 20, 40, qui demeurent alignés dans leur transformateur respectif 10, 30. La liaison rotule 50 permet ainsi de protéger les capteurs 3, 4 lorsque des forces transversales sont appliquées à l'extrémité amont du piston 2.In operation, transverse forces may, in addition, be applied to the upstream portion of the piston 2, resulting in a deflection of the piston 2. The deflection is compensated by the sphere 51, which rotates in the sphere flange 52. No movement is transmitted to the cores 20, 40, which remain aligned in their respective transformer 10, 30. The ball joint 50 thus makes it possible to protect the sensors 3, 4 when transverse forces are applied to the upstream end of the piston 2.

Lors du fonctionnement du vérin, le piston 2 peut être soumis à des forces engendrant des mouvements de translation, de rotation autour de son axe ou de fléchissement du piston 2. Grâce à la liaison rotule 50, seuls les mouvements de translation sur l'axe X du cylindre 1 sont transmis aux noyaux 20, 40.During operation of the jack, the piston 2 may be subjected to forces generating movements of translation, rotation about its axis or deflection of the piston 2. Thanks to the ball joint 50, only the translation movements on the axis X of the cylinder 1 are transmitted to the cores 20, 40.

La liaison rotule 50 est peu sujette à se gripper, car les poussières sont peu susceptibles de pénétrer à l'intérieur de la bride de sphère 52.The ball joint 50 is little prone to seize, because the dust is unlikely to penetrate inside the sphere flange 52.

Dans une autre forme de réalisation, en référence à la figure 6, la sphère 51' est solidaire de la palette 31 et la bride de sphère 52' est solidaire du piston 2. La sphère 51' comprend un alésage d'axe X, traversé par une vis 531 dont l'extrémité aval est vissée dans la palette 31 supportant les noyaux 20, 40 des capteurs 3, 4. La vis 531 est serrée à son extrémité amont par un écrou 532 permettant de sécuriser la sphère 51' sur la palette 31.In another embodiment, with reference to the figure 6 , the sphere 51 'is integral with the pallet 31 and the sphere flange 52' is integral with the piston 2. The sphere 51 'comprises a bore of axis X, crossed by a screw 531 whose downstream end is screwed into the pallet 31 supporting the cores 20, 40 of the sensors 3, 4. The screw 531 is tightened at its upstream end by a nut 532 for securing the sphere 51 'on the pallet 31.

La bride de sphère 52' est fixée au piston 2, bloquée entre un écrou 53 solidaire du piston 2 et une cale 54, la cale 54 étant rapportée sur la partie aval de la bride de sphère 52'.The sphere flange 52 'is fixed to the piston 2, locked between a nut 53 integral with the piston 2 and a shim 54, the wedge 54 being attached to the downstream portion of the sphere flange 52'.

L'invention a été présentée en relation avec un vérin, mais elle s'applique à d'autres types de dispositifs comportant un piston mobile en translation dans un cylindre, tels un doseur ou un moteur aéronef comprenant un ensemble d'un cylindre, d'un piston et d'un dispositif de mesure selon l'invention.The invention has been presented in connection with a cylinder, but it applies to other types of devices comprising a piston movable in translation in a cylinder, such as a metering device or an aircraft engine comprising a set of a cylinder, a piston and a measuring device according to the invention.

Dans un doseur, un piston se déplace en translation dans un cylindre de doseur. Deux orifices radiaux sont ménagés dans le cylindre, définissant respectivement une entrée et une sortie de fluide.In a doser, a piston moves in translation in a metering cylinder. Two radial orifices are formed in the cylinder, respectively defining an inlet and a fluid outlet.

Le piston comporte deux têtes d'obturation dont le diamètre externe correspond au diamètre interne du cylindre, coaxiales et reliées par un arbre entraîné en translation selon l'axe du cylindre. Dans une position de fermeture du doseur, les têtes obstruent complètement les orifices, empêchant toute communication fluidique. Dans une position d'ouverture, le piston est déplacé en translation dans le cylindre du doseur, permettant ainsi une ouverture partielle ou totale des orifices et une communication du fluide de l'entrée vers la sortie. La translation du piston permet donc de « réguler » ou « doser » le débit du fluide.The piston comprises two sealing heads whose outer diameter corresponds to the internal diameter of the cylinder, coaxial and connected by a shaft driven in translation along the axis of the cylinder. In a closing position of the doser, the heads completely obstruct the orifices, preventing any fluid communication. In an open position, the piston is moved in translation in the metering cylinder, thus allowing partial or total opening of the orifices and communication of the fluid from the inlet to the outlet. The translation of the piston thus makes it possible to "regulate" or "dose" the flow of the fluid.

Afin de déterminer la position du piston, de manière similaire à la forme de réalisation précédente, une palette de maintien est disposée transversalement dans le piston, la palette supportant deux tiges sur lesquelles sont montées respectivement les noyaux de capteurs de position de type LVDT. Les noyaux sont respectivement alignés avec leur transformateur respectif, fixé à l'extrémité aval du cylindre de doseur. Une ouverture est prévue à l'extrémité aval du piston pour le passage des transformateurs. La palette de maintien est reliée au piston par une liaison rotule, la sphère de la rotule étant, par exemple, fixée au piston et la bride de sphère étant fixée à la palette de maintien.In order to determine the position of the piston, similarly to the previous embodiment, a retaining pallet is disposed transversely in the piston, the pallet supporting two rods on which are respectively mounted the LVDT type position sensor cores. The cores are respectively aligned with their respective transformer, attached to the downstream end of the metering cylinder. An opening is provided at the downstream end of the piston for the passage of the transformers. The holding pallet is connected to the piston by a ball joint, the sphere of the ball being, for example, attached to the piston and the sphere flange being fixed to the holding pallet.

Il va de soi que l'invention s'applique également à des capteurs de proximité, tels qu'un capteur de proximité capacitif de pierro, un capteur de proximité inductif, un capteur à effet Hall ou un capteur de présence ou de proximité infrarouge, par exemple.It goes without saying that the invention also applies to proximity sensors, such as a pierro capacitive proximity sensor, an inductive proximity sensor, a Hall effect sensor or a presence or infrared proximity sensor. for example.

Claims (7)

  1. Device for measuring the position of a piston (2) in a cylinder (1), extending along an axis, the device comprising at least two linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) type position sensors (3, 4), respectively comprising:
    - a first sensor member integral with a supporting pallet (31) connected to the piston (2), the first sensor member comprising a stem (21) supporting a ferromagnetic core (20, 40),
    - a second sensor member integral with the cylinder (1), comprising a transformer (10, 30),
    the first and second members of each sensor being arranged to be movable in translation one relative to the other, along an axis parallel to the axis of the cylinder (1), the device being characterised in that the stems (21) of the first sensor members (20, 40) are integral with the same supporting pallet (31), which is connected to the piston (2) by a ball joint link (50).
  2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the ball joint link (50) comprises a sphere (51) supported in a sphere flange (52).
  3. Device according to claim 2, wherein the sphere flange (52) is integral with the first sensor member (20, 40).
  4. Device according to claim 3, wherein the sphere flange (52) is crimped into a part (37) which is integral with the first sensor member (20, 40).
  5. Aircraft engine comprising an assembly according to any of claims 1 to 4.
  6. Jack comprising a measuring device according to any of claims 1 to 4.
  7. Metering device comprising a measuring device according to any of claims 1 to 4.
EP08100796A 2007-01-29 2008-01-23 Device for measuring the position of a piston in a cylinder, assembly including a cylinder, a piston and one such device and aircraft engine comprising such an assembly Active EP1950428B1 (en)

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FR0700596A FR2911956B1 (en) 2007-01-29 2007-01-29 DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE POSITION OF A PISTON IN A CYLINDER, A SET OF A CYLINDER, A PISTON AND A SUCH DEVICE AND AN AIRCRAFT ENGINE COMPRISING SUCH AN ASSEMBLY

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US7587930B2 (en) 2009-09-15
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RU2473869C2 (en) 2013-01-27
MX2008001359A (en) 2009-02-24
JP2008185587A (en) 2008-08-14
MA29996B1 (en) 2008-12-01
SG144884A1 (en) 2008-08-28
CA2619562A1 (en) 2008-07-29
UA95078C2 (en) 2011-07-11
RU2008103103A (en) 2009-08-10
FR2911956B1 (en) 2009-05-08
CN101236064A (en) 2008-08-06
CA2619562C (en) 2015-06-09
US20080178665A1 (en) 2008-07-31
JP5442205B2 (en) 2014-03-12
ZA200800866B (en) 2009-07-29
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CN101236064B (en) 2012-02-08
BRPI0800093B1 (en) 2019-01-02

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