EP1949080A1 - Procede d'analyse spectrale et appareil permettant d'appliquer ce procede - Google Patents

Procede d'analyse spectrale et appareil permettant d'appliquer ce procede

Info

Publication number
EP1949080A1
EP1949080A1 EP06755652A EP06755652A EP1949080A1 EP 1949080 A1 EP1949080 A1 EP 1949080A1 EP 06755652 A EP06755652 A EP 06755652A EP 06755652 A EP06755652 A EP 06755652A EP 1949080 A1 EP1949080 A1 EP 1949080A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
sample
integrating sphere
sphere
sample container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06755652A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ltd. H-Icheck
William Nevil Heaton Johnson
Christopher Glynn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1949080A1 publication Critical patent/EP1949080A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
    • G01N2021/317—Special constructive features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/065—Integrating spheres

Definitions

  • THE PRESENT INVENTION relates to a method of spectral analysis and more particularly relates to a method of spectral analysis of a liquid sample.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a new method of performing spectral analysis of a liquid sample and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • a method of determining the concentration of at least one component in a liquid sample comprising the steps of directing light from a light source into an integrating sphere, mounting a sample holder containing the liquid sample to or adjacent the integrating sphere, to expose the sample to the light, withdrawing light from the sphere, performing a spectral analysis on the light to provide data relating to the intensity of light at least at certain predetermined wavelengths, processing the data from the spectral analysis to determine the presence of and concentration of said at least one component and displaying or printing information generated during the processing step.
  • the light has a predetermined spectral range.
  • the light has a substantial component in the near-infrared range.
  • the light source is pulsed to give successive pulses of light.
  • the step of withdrawing light from the sphere may be effected after the end of a pulse of light.
  • the light directed into the integrating sphere may be polarised. This may facilitate the analysis of certain materials.
  • the liquid is transparent to at least part of the frequency spectrum of the light and the sample holder is mounted between the light source and the integrating sphere so the light passes through the sample before entering the sphere.
  • the sample holder is mounted to the integrating sphere to expose the sample to light within the sphere.
  • the light directed into the integrating sphere is focused on to the sample.
  • the method comprises the step of adjusting the optical characteristic of the sample holder by altering the reflectance/absorbence/transmittance of part of the sample holder remote from the interior of the integrating sphere.
  • the liquid is opaque to at least part of the frequency spectrum of the light.
  • the liquid is blood.
  • the component is selected from the group comprising alcohol, glucose, haemoglobin, sodium, potassium.
  • an apparatus for performing spectral analysis of a liquid sample comprising an integrating sphere, the integrating sphere having a light inlet and a light outlet, the integrating sphere having an aperture to receive a sample container, there being a sample container engageable with the aperture, the sample container having a convex wall, the convex wall having a radius of curvature substantially equal to that of the interior of the integrating sphere, the arrangement being such that when the sample container is mounted to the integrated sphere the convex wall of the sample container is substantially aligned with the interior of the sphere.
  • the aperture to receive the sample container is the light inlet.
  • the aperture to receive the sample container is spaced from the light inlet.
  • part of the sample container remote from the convex wall is provided with a light reflective property.
  • part of the sample container remote from the convex wall is provided with a light absorbent property.
  • part of the sample container remote from the convex wall is provided with a light transmissive property.
  • an apparatus for performing spectral analysis of a liquid sample comprising an integrating sphere, the integrating sphere having a light inlet and a light outlet and having an aperture spaced from the light inlet to receive a sample container to expose a sample in the sample container to light in the integrating sphere, a part of the sample container having a light reflective on a light absorbent property.
  • the sample container is associated with a removable element, the element providing the light reflective or a light absorbence property.
  • the removable element is a spectral filter.
  • FIGURE 1 is a partially diagrammatic and partially exploded view of one apparatus for performing the method of the invention
  • FIGURES 2 to 5 are diagrammatic figures provided for the purposes of explanation,
  • FIGURE 6 is a corresponding exploded view of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is an enlarged section of exploded view of components of the apparatus of Figure 2.
  • an apparatus for performing a spectral analysis of a liquid, in order to determine the concentration of specific chemicals or other components present in the liquid.
  • the chemicals or the components in the liquid may be normally present in the liquid (such as glucose in blood) or may be present on certain occasions (such as alcohol or drugs in blood).
  • the liquid may be an opaque liquid, such as blood.
  • An opaque liquid is a liquid which will not let visible light pass through it, or which will not let light in a significant part of the spectrum (including infrared and ultra violet) pass through it.
  • the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 comprises a light source 1.
  • the light source 1 may be any convenient light source providing constant uniform intensity light within the visible spectrum, the near-infrared and/or the near ultraviolet.
  • the word "light” as used in this Specification is intended to include infrared and ultraviolet light.
  • the light source 1 may be provided with a filter 2, the filter 2 serving to limit the spectral range of the light from the light source 1.
  • the light passing through the filter may only be in the near-infrared part of the spectrum, or in the near-infrared and the "red" end of the visible spectrum.
  • the light from the light source 1 is directed into an integrating sphere 3.
  • the integrating sphere 3 is provided with a spherical body 4 formed from two hemispherical parts interconnected by means of a flange 5.
  • the interior surface of the sphere is reflective to the light which is introduced to the integrating sphere.
  • the interior of the sphere may be coated with a stable barium sulphate based white coating, or the sphere may be formed from a thermoplastic material which may be reflective to light of a wide range of wavelengths, including very low wavelengths.
  • a first aperture 6 is provided in the sphere, the aperture 6 being configured to accommodate a mounting flange 8 which is used, for example, to mount a fibre optic bundle 9 which extends from the light source, so that light is directed through the aperture 6 into the interior of the integrating sphere 3.
  • the aperture 6 may also be provided with a focusing arrangement.
  • a second aperture 10 is formed on the sphere.
  • the aperture 10 is located directly opposite to the first aperture 6, but the aperture 10 could have any convenient location within the sphere which is spaced from the first aperture 6.
  • the aperture 10 is configured to receive a sample bottle holder 11.
  • the sample bottle holder 11 comprises a base 12, carrying two upstanding walls 13,14.
  • the upstanding wall 13 is provided with an aperture 15 which engages with the aperture 10 formed in the integrating sphere.
  • a space is defined between the two upstanding walls 13,14 dimensioned to receive a sample bottle or cuvette 16.
  • the sample bottle may contain a liquid.
  • the sample bottle is, of course, formed of a material which is transparent to light having wavelengths within the spectral band being supplied by the light source to the interior of the integrating sphere.
  • the sample bottle 16 may be held at a position where light from the light source is focussed, so that the sample is exposed to a precisely predetermined amount of light.
  • the aperture 17 being associated, in this case, with an aperture reducer 18 on which is mounted an accessory adapter 19, the accessory adapter 19 supporting a light trap 20.
  • the light trap 20 is connected to a spectroscope 21 configured to conduct a spectral analysis of light received in the light trap, to determine the intensity of the light received at each wavelength.
  • the spectroscope may be a "selective" spectroscope and may only determine the intensity of light at specific predetermined wavelengths.
  • the output of the spectroscope is passed to a processor 22, configured to perform an analysis of the data provided by the spectroscope, and the processor is associated with a display/printer 23 configured to display or print results determined by the processor.
  • the interior of the integrating sphere maybe provided with one or more baffles to present light passing directly from the first aperture 6 to the light trap and/or to prevent light passing directly from the sample bottle 16 to the light trap.
  • the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 may be utilised to perform an analysis of a liquid sample within the sample bottle or cuvette 16, even if the sample is a liquid which is opaque, such as blood.
  • the blood is placed in the sample bottle or cuvette 16, the sample bottle or cuvette 16 is mounted in the holder 11 , and the holder 11 is mounted to the aperture 10 in the integrating sphere.
  • the sample within the bottle is thus exposed to the interior of the sphere, and will thus be exposed to the light that is directed into the sphere.
  • Light from the light source 1 , passing through the filter 2 and the fibre optic bundle 9 is directed into the integrating sphere.
  • the light may be focussed on to the blood sample within the sample bottle, and that light is effectively "reflected" into the interior of the sphere. Some wavelengths of light are reflected almost totally, but other wavelengths of light are partially, or sometimes completely, absorbed by the blood. The light that is reflected from the sample is consequently not of the same spectral content as the light entering the sphere.
  • the integrating sphere is, of itself, a known component. Light within an integrating sphere is uniformly reflected and scattered around the interior of the sphere, with the light sometimes effecting many multiple reflections and re-reflections.
  • the interior of the sphere whilst being “reflective” of light is not a “mirror” finish, but instead reflects light in a “diffuse” manner. The whole of the interior of the sphere is thus exposed to a substantially uniform illumination, and at any point on the surface of the sphere light will be present which has a spectral content which is determined by the light absorption/reflection characteristics of the sample in the sample bottle or cuvette 16.
  • Light having the specific spectral content will thus emerge from the integrating sphere through the aperture 17 and will pass into the light trap 20.
  • the light passes to the spectroscope 21 , which performs a spectral analysis to provide data related to the intensity of light at a plurality of wavelengths.
  • wavelengths are selected so that there will be no "interference" from other constituents of the liquid, such as water.
  • the wavelengths selected are wavelengths where a "peak” is expected to be if, and only if, a specific component or chemical is present.
  • each of the wavelengths to be analysed is represented as a separate "dimension" in a notional poly-dimensional space.
  • the relative intensity of light of each selected wavelength is measured, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the three intensities of light and three wavelengths may be shown on three separate lines, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the three separate lines may form three orthogonal axis, as shown in Figure 4, and consequently, a single point, identified as the point O in Figure 5 can be defined, from the three measurements which have been taken. It is to be appreciated that if subsequent measurements of the further sample lead to a point line on the line 24 shown in Figure 5 which passes from the origin of the orthogonal space, and which passes through the point O than the present of a point on that line indicates the presence of the same substance that was in the sample initially tested, and the position on the line 24 indicates the concentration of the sample.
  • a further technique that may be utilised involves Fourier analysis of the sometimes complex initial output of the spectroscope, the Fourier analysis being intended to identify underlying "wave forms" which make up the complex "wave form” of the spectroscope output.
  • the Fourier analysis may identify several underlying "wave forms", each with a different amplitude. Each of those "wave forms” may be representative of a particular component of the sample and the amplitude of the wave form is representative of the concentration of that component within the sample.
  • the processor 20 may utilise many different techniques to process the data from the spectral analysis, and the processor will operate to determine the presence of, and also the concentration of, at least one predetermined component within the sample.
  • the processor may be programmed to determine the concentration of alcohol in the blood or the concentration of glucose in the blood or the concentration of any other blood component that is of interest.
  • the processor may therefore perform the necessary processing steps to produce an output which is indicative of the presence of and the concentration of a large number of potential components in the sample.
  • the processor provides an output to a display device or printer 23 which gives a visible indication of the results produced by the processor.
  • a "screen” or printout may be provided which indicates the presence of one or more components in the blood, giving the concentration of each component.
  • the components may be alcohol, glucose, haemoglobin, sodium, potassium or other components that may be of interest.
  • a sample of a liquid which may be opaque, such as blood
  • the sample bottle or cuvette 16 may be mounted to the integrating sphere 3, and subsequently the spectroscope will analyse light emerging from the integrating sphere with the output of the spectroscope being processed by a processor to determine the light absorption/reflection characteristics to be determined and processed to enable a display to display information (or a printer to print information), that information including an indication of the presence of and the concentration of specific components in the blood.
  • the entire process may be complete within a few moments, and with great repeatability and high accuracy.
  • the method Whilst the method has been described, with reference to Figure 1 , in the context of opaque liquid, the method may be formed using a substantially
  • transparent liquid such as a clear aqueous solution. If a liquid of this type is to be used the side of the cuvette or sample bottle 16 which is furthest from the aperture 10, or the inner face of the upstanding wall 14 of the sample holder may be provided with a "reflective" coating equivalent to the reflective coating provided on the interior of the integrating sphere, or in the form of a mirror-like coating.
  • the aperture 10 in the sphere is replaced by a relatively large aperture 30.
  • the sample bottle 16 is replaced by a sample container 31.
  • the sample container 31 is provided with a discshaped upper part 32 which carries a central axially extending chamber 33, that chamber terminating with a concave wall 34, the concave wall 34 having a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the integrating sphere.
  • the sample container 31 is mounted to the aperture 30 by means of a mounting collar 35, the mounting collar 35 having an internally threaded ring 36 to engage threading provided on the exterior of the aperture 30 and an inwardly directed flange 37, the flange being configured to overlie the disc-shaped part 32 of the sample container 31.
  • the concave face 34 of the sample container 31 is substantially aligned with interior of the sphere, so that the interior of the sphere and the concave face 34 of the sample container 31 is a smooth, virtually unbroken, uniformly curved part of a spherical surface, thus facilitating the even and uniform reflection and diffusion of light within the integrating sphere.
  • the uppermost wall of the disc-shaped part of the sample container, the wall 35 may be provided with a reflective coating which may be equivalent to the reflective coating provided within the integrating sphere, or which may be a mirror-like reflective coating.
  • a light absorbing coating may be provided to give a light absorbing property, so that any light passing through the sample is totally absorbed.
  • the said coatings may be present on separate elements, such as plates, configured to be brought into engagement with the appropriate parts of the sample bottle.
  • the plates may both be put to one side, to provide the sample bottle with a light transmissive property, enabling light which has passed through the sample to emerge from the integrating sphere. This light may be spectrally analysed.
  • the sample holder may be associated with a removable element in the form of a spectral filter.
  • the spectral filter will allow light of selected wavelengths to be transmitted through the filter and/or reflected back into the sample holder.
  • sample may be provided at an aperture which is spaced from the light inlet.
  • the sample may be provided at the light inlet, thus being positioned between the light source and the integrating sphere so that the light passes through the sample before entering the light integrating sphere. If the sample is provided at the light inlet it may need to be in a sample holder with parallel straight walls to avoid unwanted reflections from, for example, a concave wall.
  • the light source is a source which provides a constant uniform intensity light.
  • the source may be a pulsed source.
  • the spectroscopic analysis may be performed shortly after the end of each input pulse of light. Successive input pulses may have different spectral contents. Some pulses may be substantially monochromatic, but other pulses may contain specific selected wavelengths of light.
  • the light may be polarised, being either plane polarised or circular polarised.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, on détermine la concentration d'un composant, tel que l'alcool ou le glucose, dans un échantillon de liquide opaque, tel que du sang, en montant un porte-échantillon (16) contenant l'échantillon liquide (2) ou à proximité d'une sphère d'intégration (3) et de diriger la lumière d'une source de lumière (1) dans la sphère intégrée (3) de sorte que l'échantillon soit exposé à la lumière et que la lumière de l'échantillon passe dans la sphère intégrée. Une analyse spectrale est effectuée sur la lumière de la sphère intégrée et les résultats sont traités et affichés ou imprimés sous forme d'information concernant la présence et/ou la concentration du composant dans l'échantillon.
EP06755652A 2005-06-27 2006-06-27 Procede d'analyse spectrale et appareil permettant d'appliquer ce procede Withdrawn EP1949080A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0513063A GB0513063D0 (en) 2005-06-27 2005-06-27 A method of spectral analysis and an apparatus for performing the method
PCT/GB2006/002368 WO2007000592A1 (fr) 2005-06-27 2006-06-27 Procede d'analyse spectrale et appareil permettant d'appliquer ce procede

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1949080A1 true EP1949080A1 (fr) 2008-07-30

Family

ID=34856204

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06755652A Withdrawn EP1949080A1 (fr) 2005-06-27 2006-06-27 Procede d'analyse spectrale et appareil permettant d'appliquer ce procede

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1949080A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0513063D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007000592A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012095651A1 (fr) 2011-01-10 2012-07-19 Murwillumbah Manufacturing Limited Appareil et méthode d'analyse

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103115880B (zh) * 2013-01-18 2015-03-11 山东大学 一种激光诱发听觉神经的光谱分析方法
CN103837520B (zh) * 2014-03-03 2017-05-03 上海理工大学 一种光学行波腔增强激光拉曼气体浓度检测装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10213481A (ja) * 1997-01-27 1998-08-11 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 液体測色装置および着色液の色修正方法
US6087182A (en) * 1998-08-27 2000-07-11 Abbott Laboratories Reagentless analysis of biological samples
JP2002243550A (ja) * 2001-02-20 2002-08-28 Minolta Co Ltd 光学特性測定装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2007000592A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012095651A1 (fr) 2011-01-10 2012-07-19 Murwillumbah Manufacturing Limited Appareil et méthode d'analyse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0513063D0 (en) 2005-08-03
WO2007000592A1 (fr) 2007-01-04

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