EP1948368A2 - Utilisation de charbon actif et de scories d'acier pour lier des contaminants dans des materiaux contamines et composition comprenant du charbon actif, des scories d'acier et un materiau contamine - Google Patents

Utilisation de charbon actif et de scories d'acier pour lier des contaminants dans des materiaux contamines et composition comprenant du charbon actif, des scories d'acier et un materiau contamine

Info

Publication number
EP1948368A2
EP1948368A2 EP06799527A EP06799527A EP1948368A2 EP 1948368 A2 EP1948368 A2 EP 1948368A2 EP 06799527 A EP06799527 A EP 06799527A EP 06799527 A EP06799527 A EP 06799527A EP 1948368 A2 EP1948368 A2 EP 1948368A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
active charcoal
contaminated material
steel slag
contaminants
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06799527A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andre Van Zomeren
Hans Van Der Sloot
Rob Comans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland ECN
Original Assignee
Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland ECN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland ECN filed Critical Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland ECN
Priority to EP06799527A priority Critical patent/EP1948368A2/fr
Publication of EP1948368A2 publication Critical patent/EP1948368A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/21—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using organic binders or matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/28—Organic substances containing oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium, i.e. chalcogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
    • A62D2101/43—Inorganic substances containing heavy metals, in the bonded or free state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of active charcoal for binding contaminants in contaminated materials and to a composition comprising active charcoal and contaminated material.
  • a problem with the conventional techniques for improving the quality of residues is that these have a relatively low efficiency. There are often cases where residues remain critical with regard to the leaching standards after treatment.
  • one aim of the invention is to find an alternative and preferably better solution to the immobilisation of one or more contaminants in contaminated material.
  • a composition comprising contaminated material and active charcoal provides a material that, for example, can be used in building and in constructions and that advantageously has a reduced leaching value for heavy metals such as copper.
  • the invention provides a composition comprising contaminated material and active charcoal, wherein the composition contains 0.1-10 wt.%, preferably 0.1 - 4.5 wt.% active charcoal, based on the total amount of the composition.
  • a composition comprising contaminated material and steel slag provides a material that, for example, can be used in building and in constructions and that advantageously has a reduced leaching value for oxyanions like Mo or for instance SO4 2" , Se and Sb.
  • the invention provides a composition comprising contaminated material and steel slag, wherein the composition contains 5 - 20 wt.% steel slag, based on the total amount of the composition.
  • a combination of active charcoal and steel slag can be used to bind contaminants in contaminated material.
  • a composition comprising contaminated material, steel slag and active charcoal, wherein the composition preferably contains 2-30 wt.% steel slag and 0.1 - 10 wt.% active charcoal, based on the total amount of the composition (i.e. including contaminated material, active charcoal and steel slag).
  • the composition contains 2-25 wt.% steel slag and 0.1 - 10 wt.% active charcoal, more preferably 5-20 wt.% steel slag and 0.1 - 4.5 wt.% active charcoal (the remainder being contaminated material), based on the total amount of the composition.
  • An advantage of the use of active charcoal and steels slag together, is that leach out of a number of contaminants can substantially be reduced, whereas the presence of these additives active charcoal and steel slag may not substantially increase the leach out of other contaminants, especially when the above mentioned amounts of active charcoal and steel slag are used.
  • this embodiment not a single contaminant is targeted, but a range of contaminants is targeted. It is known in the art that by solving the problem of leach out of one component, the leach out behaviour of other contaminants may disadvantageously be increased.
  • a more integral solution is provided which surprisingly solves or reduces the leach out of a number of contaminants while not promoting the leach out of a number of other contaminants.
  • an application of active charcoal is provided for the immobilisation of contaminants in contaminated material, in particular for use in building and in constructions.
  • an application of steel slag is provided for the immobilisation of contaminants in contaminated material, in particular for use in building and in constructions.
  • an application of steel slag and active charcoal is provided for the immobilisation of contaminants in contaminated material, in particular for use in building and in constructions.
  • a method is also provided for the immobilisation of contaminants in contaminated material, comprising mixing the contaminated material with active charcoal.
  • a method for the immobilisation of contaminants in contaminated material comprising mixing the contaminated material with steel slag.
  • a method for the immobilisation of contaminants in contaminated material comprising mixing the contaminated material with steel slag and active charcoal.
  • Figures 1-5 show leaching of Cu, Mo, SO4 2" , and Ba as a function of pH in untreated ("fresh”) and artificially aged (“aged”) MSWI (municipal solid waste incinerator) bottom ash and after the addition of various percentages of active charcoal thereto and/or steel slag.
  • MSWI military solid waste incinerator
  • the invention relates to the addition of active charcoal to contaminated materials such as, for example, industrial residues, dredged material, residues from the clean-up of soil and contaminated soil which, in terms of leaching, are critical for heavy metals and/or organic microcontaminants.
  • Active charcoal can be used as an additive to these materials (for example "in situ") in order to reduce leaching and the risk of spreading of contaminants.
  • the contaminants in, for example, contaminated soil or bottom ash, etc. are immobilised. Because active charcoal does not degrade, or does not degrade to a significant extent, in the environment, this is a method that will also retain a permanent effect in the long term.
  • one advantage of the use according to the invention can be that active charcoal has little to no effect on the pH of the contaminated material of the composition (in contrast to the method according to the state of the art where minerals are added).
  • the invention relates to the addition of steel slag (either alone or in combination with active charcoal) to the contaminated materials.
  • Steel slag can be used as an additive to these materials (for example "in situ") in order to reduce leaching and the risk of spreading of contaminants.
  • the contaminants such as S, Se, Mo and Sb, in, for example, contaminated soil or bottom ash, etc., are immobilised (i.e. decrease of leach out).
  • the contaminated material in the composition according to the invention is preferably a solid material, such as a solid granular material, or a viscous mass.
  • the contaminated material comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of industrial residues (preferably bottom ash, in particular WI bottom ash and more in particular MSWI bottom ash), dredged material, residues from clean-up of soil and contaminated soil.
  • polluted water does not fall under the contaminated material for use in the composition according to the invention.
  • the invention may be applied to any solid contaminated material with risk of leach out of contaminants as especially herein indicated.
  • WI bottom ash this is the ash that is produced in the case of incineration in a waste incinerator
  • MSWI bottom ash this is the ash that is produced in the case of waste incineration in a municipal solid waste incinerator
  • An important sticking point here is the leaching of, inter alia, copper. This issue also arises at a European level.
  • contaminated material is understood to be industrial residues, in particular bottom ash, in particular WI bottom ash, in particular MSWI bottom ash.
  • the composition in particular a composition comprising bottom ash and active charcoal, contains less than 10 wt.% fly ash, more preferentially less than approx. 5 wt.% fly ash, and the industrial residue consists mainly of bottom ash, preferably WI bottom ash.
  • the industrial residue is preferably WI bottom ash from domestic waste (obtained from a WI for domestic waste, i.e. MSWI).
  • the industrial residue as source of contaminated material for the composition can also contain bottom ash that is obtained from the incineration of biomass, such as green waste.
  • Dredged material is understood to be the sediment that is removed from rivers, estuaries, lakes, canals and ditches, etc., by dredging work and can be severely contaminated with contaminants (metals and organic microcontaminants).
  • the composition according to the invention can contain, for example, bottom ash, (contaminated) soil and active charcoal, for example 0.1 - 4.5 wt.% active charcoal and 95.5 - 99.9 wt.% bottom ash and (contaminated) soil.
  • the composition according to the invention can contain, for example, bottom ash, (contaminated) soil and active charcoal, for example 0.1 - 4.5 wt.% active charcoal, 5- 20 wt.% steel slag and 75.5 - 94.9 wt.% bottom ash and (contaminated) soil.
  • the contaminated material is pretreated.
  • this is effected by a method where the pretreatment comprises carbonation of the contaminated material in the presence of a CC>2-containing gas, such as, inter alia, described in US 5 928 128 (incorporated here for reference).
  • a CC>2-containing gas such as, inter alia, described in US 5 928 128 (incorporated here for reference).
  • the pH of the contaminated material that is to say the pH of a suspension in which the contaminated material is suspended to determine the pH
  • the pretreated contaminated material can acquire a pH of approx. 8 - 10, preferably less than 10, more preferentially approx. 8 - 9.
  • the composition according to an embodiment according to the invention (if brought into suspension (at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg)) if the contaminated material, for example bottom ash, has been treated with CO 2 .
  • the contaminated material for example bottom ash
  • CO 2 a liquid to solid ratio
  • other additions to the composition can have an influence on the pH.
  • the contaminated material is first washed before it is mixed with active charcoal. In a preferred embodiment this washing is carried out by means of the process that is described in NL 1022176 (incorporated here for reference).
  • Such a CO 2 treatment and/or an optional washing treatment can be carried out before mixing the contaminated material with the active charcoal.
  • the invention therefore provides a composition where the contaminated material has been pretreated.
  • the natural carbonation process will also be able to neutralise the pH by the uptake of CO 2 from air and a composition according to the invention will be obtained which has a pH value of below 10 (if a portion of the composition, for example from a fill, has been removed from the construction after a specific period (for example a number of months or years) and were to be brought into suspension with water (at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg)).
  • a composition where the composition (which may or may not be used product), if put in water, gives a pH of 8 - 11.5 and in a specific embodiment a composition is provided where the latter, if put in water, provides a pH of 8 - 10, preferably less than 10 (either as a result of pretreatment or in a natural manner), preferably 8 to 9 (at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg).
  • the contaminants in the contaminated material are contaminants taken from the group consisting of metals and organic microcontaminants.
  • Organic microcontaminants are understood to be, for example, one or more from the group consisting of poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins.
  • PAHs poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
  • PCBs polychlorobiphenyls
  • dioxins dioxins.
  • PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
  • PCBs polychlorobiphenyls
  • dioxins dioxins
  • the contaminated material contains one or more metals taken from the group consisting of lead, cadmium, iron, gold, copper, manganese, nickel, platinum, mercury, silver, zinc, tin, thorium and tungsten.
  • metals such as copper, nickel, zinc, lead and cadmium, and more particularly copper, can be immobilised.
  • the composition according to the invention contaminated with these metals (or elements) may usefully and advantageously be utilised as, for example, building material.
  • the term metal in principle includes all bound forms thereof, both the free metal, the inorganically complexed metal and the organically complexed metal (for example bound to humic and/or fulvic acids), in particular organically complexed contaminants.
  • the contaminated material can contain combinations of contaminants, such as copper and PAHs, copper and nickel, etc.
  • mineral additives such as FeCl 3 , AlCl 3 or Fe 2 (SOzI) 3
  • SOzI Fe 2
  • Other relevant contaminants are contaminants selected from the group consisting of S (in the form Of SO 4 2" ), Se and Sb and Mo.
  • the invention provides an application of active charcoal in order to immobilise one or more of the abovementioned metals, lead, cadmium, iron, gold, copper, manganese, nickel, platinum, mercury, silver, zinc, tin, thorium and tungsten, in particular metals such as copper, nickel, zinc, lead and cadmium, as contaminants in contaminated material (materials) as well as the composition(s) obtained therewith.
  • the contaminated material contains at least 1 mg/kg of one or more of the elements cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc.
  • the contaminated material contains at least 10 mg/kg of one or more of the elements cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc. In yet another specific embodiment the contaminated material contains at least 100 mg/kg of one or more of the elements cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc.
  • contaminated materials such as, for example, industrial residues, dredged material, residues from the clean-up of soil and contaminated soil, which contain one or more of the following contaminants: 0.1 - 100 mg/kg Cd, 5 - 10000 mg/kg Cu, 7 - 5000 mg/kg Ni, 10 - 20000 mg/kg Pb and 1 - 10000 mg/kg Zn, based on the total amount of contaminated material.
  • This problem is in an another embodiment at least partially prevented by adding steel slag.
  • the invention provides an application of steel slag in order to immobilise one or more of the abovementioned elements S (in the form of SO 4 2" ), Se, Sb and Mo, as contaminants in contaminated material (materials) as well as the composition(s) obtained therewith.
  • the contaminated material contains at least 500 mg/kg SO 4 2- .
  • the contaminated material contains at least 0.1 mg/kg Se.
  • the contamination material contains at least 0.2 mg/kg Mo.
  • the contaminate material contains at least 0.1 mg/kg Sb.
  • the contaminated material contains one or more of the following contaminants: 500 - 50000 mg/kg SO 4 2" , 0.01 - 50 mg/kg Se, 0.2 - 200 mg/kg Mo and 0.1 - 500 mg/kg Sb, based on the total amount of contaminated material.
  • the contaminated material can also contain one or more organic compounds from the group consisting of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and the smaller and more hydrophilic compounds (hydrophilic fraction, Hy, such as a wide variety of water-soluble organic compounds, for example sugars, proteins, amino acids or carboxylic acids).
  • HA humic acid
  • FA fulvic acid
  • Hy hydrophilic fraction
  • these compounds can also be produced and/or the quantity thereof can increase during use of a composition according to the invention.
  • organic acid can be produced by microbial processes for the degradation of vegetable and animal material in the vegetation possibly present above and possibly present alongside the composition and seep into the composition.
  • the composition according to the invention contains 0.001-10 wt.%, preferably 0.01 - 10 wt.%, more preferably 0.001-5 wt.%, even more preferably 0.1 - 5 wt.%, of one or more organic acids, based on the total amount of the composition.
  • the invention is targeted at a composition containing, in addition to active charcoal, one or more compounds taken from the group consisting of humic acid and fulvic acid.
  • Bottom ash, contaminated soil, residue from the clean-up of soil and dredged material, etc. can contain a certain amount of reactive compounds, such as humic and fulvic acids and inert carbon (specific surface area « 50 m 2 /g, for example ⁇ 5 m 2 /g).
  • reactive compounds such as humic and fulvic acids and inert carbon
  • active charcoal specific surface area of > 270 m 2 /g, preferably > 300 m 2 /g,
  • a composition is provided containing 0.1 - 10 wt.%, more preferentially 0.1 - 4.5 wt.%, active charcoal, based on the total amount of the composition.
  • a material is obtained where contaminants, such as copper, are immobilised well and where a material is obtained that can be used to economic advantage and with good physical properties in building and in constructions.
  • the leaching of copper can be reduced to approximately 2 orders of magnitude.
  • the conventional techniques usually achieve a reduction of at most 1 order of magnitude, but usually less.
  • the immobilisation efficiency degree to which in particular metals, but also organic micro contaminants are immobilised
  • the immobilisation efficiency degree to which in particular metals, but also organic micro contaminants are immobilised
  • These conventional techniques for improving the quality bind only the inorganic metal complexes and the free metal ion. As a result the efficiency of this application is much lower than in the case of the method and application according to the invention where active charcoal is used as additive.
  • compositions comprising contaminated material and active charcoal, wherein the composition at least contains 0.1-10 wt.% active charcoal. The remainder will then be contaminated material (and optionally steel slag).
  • active charcoal with a specific surface area greater than about 270 m 2 /g, preferably greater than approx. 300 m 2 /g, more preferably greater than approx.
  • the pore size is approx. 0.1 - 50 nm, preferably 0.2 - 20 nm.
  • industrial residue as contaminated material
  • industrial residue as source of active charcoal.
  • This possible component of the composition is also referred to, inter alia, as industrial residue containing active charcoal.
  • an industrial residue with an active charcoal content can also be used instead of pure active charcoal.
  • the industrial residue contains at least 20 - 80 wt. %, more preferentially at least 40 - 90 wt.% active charcoal, based on the total amount of this industrial residue.
  • a composition is provided where the industrial residue comprises coke.
  • the composition can contain up to approx. 60 wt.% of this coke, preferably approx. 0.5 - 30 wt.% of the industrial residue containing active charcoal, because this material can have a negative residual value (for example in The Netherlands).
  • the active charcoal content can then optionally also be higher than, for example, 4.5 wt.% (as mentioned above).
  • the invention is targeted at a composition containing 0.5 - 60 wt.% of the industrial residue containing active charcoal, more particularly 0.5 - 30 wt.%, based on the total amount of the composition, and 99.5 - 40 wt.%, more particularly 99.5 - 70 wt.% of the contaminated material (possibly including industrial residues such as bottom ash), respectively.
  • the ratio of organic acids to active charcoal is approx. 1:1000, more preferentially approx. 1:100 and even more preferentially approx. 1:10 (mass ratios).
  • the invention also provides a composition and method where the industrial residue containing active charcoal, such as coke, is pretreated, wherein the pretreatment comprises heating the industrial residue containing active charcoal at between approx. 800 and 1000 0 C (for example 950 ⁇ 30 0 C) for approx. 2 hours (excluding heating-up time) in the presence of a water-containing gas.
  • the specific surface area of the industrial residue can increase as a result of the pretreatment.
  • a CC> 2 -containing gas can also be chosen instead of or in combination with the water-containing gas in the case of a treatment at temperatures of between approx. 800 and 1000 0 C.
  • CO 2 forms CO and creates new surface. CO must preferably be converted to CO 2 in an after-treatment of the gas phase.
  • a chemical pretreatment is used.
  • the pretreatment of the industrial residue containing active charcoal can optionally also include a grinding step.
  • the material is pretreated in one or more ways so that the industrial residue containing active charcoal is provided that contains an active charcoal with a specific surface area of at least about 270 m 2 /g, preferably at least about 300 m 2 /g, preferably greater than approx. 500 m 2 /g, and more preferentially between approx. 700 and 1500 m 2 /g.
  • the industrial residue initially contains no or hardly any active charcoal, but does so after the pretreatment.
  • Such an industrial residue, which is used as a source of active charcoal and which has to be pretreated is also referred to as industrial residue containing active charcoal.
  • A-coke is used, i.e. brown coal coke that is used as flue gas purifier, in, for example, MSWI installations.
  • a coke can be obtained (regained) which has a suitable active charcoal content.
  • A-coke also indicated as active cokes, is based on brown coal coke.
  • this waste stream may usefully be applied in the invention as additive to bottom ash (and optionally steel slag).
  • Brown coal coke or pit coal coke or other suitable cokes known to those skilled in the art, can also be used.
  • the invention provides a composition where the coke containing active charcoal (as source of active charcoal) comprises one or more cokes selected from the group consisting of brown coal coke or pit coal coke.
  • the composition contains 0.1 - 30 wt.%, more preferentially 0.5 - 10 wt.% and even more preferentially 0.5 - 4.5 wt.% of one or more of these types of coke, such as A-coke, brown coal coke or pit coal coke.
  • the coke for use in the invention is a coke with a specific surface area of about 270 m /g or more, preferably greater than approx. 300 m /g, more preferentially greater than approx. 500 m 2 /g, and even more preferentially between approx. 700 and 1500 m 2 /g (BET surface area).
  • a coke is preferably used as active charcoal that has a weighted average particle size of 0.1 - 10 mm, preferably 0.2 - 5 mm, more preferentially less than approx. 5 mm, more preferentially less than approx. 2 mm, even more preferentially less than approx.
  • activated brown coal coke which has a particle size less than or equal to 0.2, more preferentially less than or equal to 0.125 mm.
  • the pore size is approx. 0.1 - 50 nm, preferably 0.2 - 20 nm.
  • coke is known in the art and may refer to a solid carbonaceous residue derived from bituminous coal such as pit coal and brown coal or other organic material such as lignite, wood, peat, coco-nut shells, etc.
  • the volatile constituents of the coal may for instance be driven off by baking in an airless oven (i.e. pyrolysis / dry distillation) at temperatures as high as 1,000 0 C (or higher) so that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. Due to the heat treatment volatile components are removed and a porous structure is obtained (cokes). In this way, brown coal cokes, pit coal cokes, lignite coal cokes, etc. can be obtained from, brown coal, pit coal, lignite, etc., respectively. The specific areas of these cokes depend upon the kind of heat treatment. Active charcoal may be obtained, as known in the art, by a further chemical and/or steam treatment of the cokes.
  • active charcoal one or more of the materials selected from the group consisting of active charcoal, brown coal cokes, pit coal cokes and lignite coal cokes are used.
  • the average energy density may be about 2-12 kWh/kg.
  • Steel slag is a product of the steel making process. Once scorned as a useless byproduct, it is now accepted and, often, preferred and specified as it is known to be a valuable material with many and varied uses.
  • a steel slag such as Blast Furnace Slag is formed when iron ore or iron pellets, coke and a flux (either limestone or dolomite) are melted together in a blast furnace.
  • BF slag can be cooled in several ways to form any of several types of BF slag products.
  • a steel slag such as Steel Furnace Slag is produced in a (BOF) Basic Oxygen Furnace (Basic Oxygen Steel making: BOS) or an (EAF) Electric Arc Furnace. Hot iron (BOF) and/or scrap metal (EAF) are the primary metals to make steel in each process.
  • Lime is injected to act a fluxing agent.
  • the lime combines with the silicates, aluminium oxides, magnesium oxides, manganese oxides and ferrites to form steel furnace slag, commonly called steel slag.
  • Slag is poured from the furnace in a molten state. After cooling from its molten state, steel slag is processed to remove all free metallics and sized into products.
  • BOF steel slag is also known as LD (Linz-Donawitz) steel slag.
  • Steel slag from an Electric Arc Furnace is also known as EAF steel slag (or ELO ElektroBogenOfen steel slag).
  • Steel slag may be applied herein with weight averaged particle sizes below about 10 mm, preferably below about 6 mm, more preferably below about 2 mm.
  • the steel has slag has a weight averaged particle size in the range of 0.1-10 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.2-6 mm, even more preferably in the range of 0.5-2 mm.
  • the advantage of the use of steel slag is that two or more residue streams are combined in a composition that can advantageously be used in building and in constructions instead of the starting materials having to be tipped, or possibly being able to be used, with specific protective measures.
  • Steel slag, bottom ash and optionally active charcoal e.g. in the form of cokes
  • the composition according to the invention contains in an embodiment a composition of active charcoal (or an industrial residue that can serve as a source for active charcoal) and contaminated material such that the composition preferably meets the Category 2 standard according to the Building Materials Decree, more preferentially the Category 1 standard according to the Building Materials Decree or other future European legislation in this field for the use of alternative building materials without restriction.
  • active charcoal or an industrial residue that can serve as a source for active charcoal
  • contaminated material such that the composition preferably meets the Category 2 standard according to the Building Materials Decree, more preferentially the Category 1 standard according to the Building Materials Decree or other future European legislation in this field for the use of alternative building materials without restriction.
  • These categories are described in the Dutch Building Materials Decree (Bulletin of Acts, Orders and Decrees of the Kingdom of The Netherlands, no. 567, pp 1-92, 1995) in which standards are specified for both granular materials (such as bottom ash) and shaped materials (for example after stabilisation with cement).
  • composition according to the invention can be provided by means of a method comprising mixing the contaminated material with active charcoal (optionally using coke containing active charcoal as the source of the active charcoal).
  • the contaminated material and the active charcoal optionally in the form of industrial residue containing active charcoal, can be mixed "on site” or "off site” using mobile mixing equipment.
  • the addition of active charcoal and mixing can be operated either batchwise or completely continuously, a completely continuous process being preferred. The process can be operated either off site or on site because use can be made of mobile mixing equipment.
  • the contaminated material and/or active charcoal can also be pretreated using the techniques described above, for example before mixing the components of the composition (comprising the components contaminated material and active charcoal).
  • steel slag can be mixed to the contaminated material, with or without the addition of active charcoal.
  • the contaminated material preferably used as lightweight fill material is dredged material and/or residue from the clean-up of soil; bottom ash, contaminated soil, dredged material and residues from the clean-up of soil can be used for the other applications.
  • steel slag can be used in these applications, either alone or together with active charcoal.
  • the invention can, for example, be used for, for example, contaminated materials such as residues which are used as (secondary) building material, where leaching does not meet the valid leaching standards.
  • the materials concerned here are, in particular, residues for which the leaching of contaminants (copper, nickel, zinc, lead, and cadmium) does not meet the criteria. In The Netherlands requirements as specified in the Building Materials Decree apply for these. At the European level work is currently being carried out on the Construction Products Directive (CPD); this will be the European equivalent of the Building Materials Decree.
  • CPD Construction Products Directive
  • steel slag can be used in these applications, either alone or together with active charcoal.
  • active charcoal or an active charcoal comprising material such as brown coal cokes, etc.
  • steel slag preferably first the active charcoal and/or steel slag is added to the contaminated material, before adding cement, especially before adding water as component of cement.
  • the invention therefore provides an application of active charcoal for the immobilisation of contaminants (metals in one embodiment) in contaminated material and in particular an application of the compositions based on this in the construction industry, such as when laying road foundations or as fill material, etc.
  • the invention therefore also provides an application of steel slag for the immobilisation of contaminants (metals in one embodiment) in contaminated material and in particular an application of the compositions based on this in the construction industry, such as when laying road foundations or as fill material, etc.
  • the invention therefore provides an application of active charcoal and steel slag for the immobilisation of contaminants (metals in one embodiment) in contaminated material and in particular an application of the compositions based on this in the construction industry, such as when laying road foundations or as fill material, etc.
  • Characteristic applications of the composition of the invention may be as material for use in embankments, noise barriers, road foundations, etc. Example 1
  • brown coal cokes that can be used in the composition and application of the invention.
  • Rheinbraun ultra fine brown coal cokes ( ⁇ 0.125 mm)
  • N 0.4 wt.%
  • S 0.6 wt.%
  • the material may also be characterized by the following data:
  • the leach out of Sb is reduced (not depicted).
  • the presence of 20 wt.% steel slag in the composition reduces the leach out of Sb about 10 times with respect to bottom ash which is not mixed with steel slag.
  • the leach out of Se seems to be reduced by the addition of steel slag.
  • the use of the combination of steel slag and active charcoal seems also beneficial for the reduction of the leach out of Se from bottom ash.
  • Example 7 Below an example is given of MSWI bottom ash that can be used in the composition and application of the invention as ranges of a preferred embodiment.
  • Typical grain sizes are usually in the range of 32 mm or smaller or 40 mm or smaller.
  • the weighed average particle size may be in the ranges of about 0.1-32 mm or 0.1-40 mm.
  • MSWI bottom ash may comprise at least the following (main) components in the following amounts:

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

Cette invention concerne l'adjonction d'un charbon actif et de scories d'acier dans des matériaux contaminés tels que, par exemple, des déchets industriels, un matériau de dragage, des déchets provenant du nettoyage d'eaux usées et d'eaux usées contaminées, lesquels, en termes de lixiviation, sont indispensables pour les métaux lourds et/ou les microcontaminants organiques. Le charbon actif et les scories d'acier peuvent être ajoutés à ces matériaux en tant qu'additifs (par exemple, in situ) afin de réduire la lixiviation et le risque d'épandage des contaminants. Curieusement, on a découvert que grâce le mode de réalisation décrit dans cette invention permettait d'immobiliser les contaminants contenus, par exemple, dans des eaux usées contaminées ou du mâchefer.
EP06799527A 2005-09-26 2006-09-26 Utilisation de charbon actif et de scories d'acier pour lier des contaminants dans des materiaux contamines et composition comprenant du charbon actif, des scories d'acier et un materiau contamine Withdrawn EP1948368A2 (fr)

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EP06799527A EP1948368A2 (fr) 2005-09-26 2006-09-26 Utilisation de charbon actif et de scories d'acier pour lier des contaminants dans des materiaux contamines et composition comprenant du charbon actif, des scories d'acier et un materiau contamine

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EP05108884 2005-09-26
EP06799527A EP1948368A2 (fr) 2005-09-26 2006-09-26 Utilisation de charbon actif et de scories d'acier pour lier des contaminants dans des materiaux contamines et composition comprenant du charbon actif, des scories d'acier et un materiau contamine
PCT/NL2006/050237 WO2007035101A2 (fr) 2005-09-26 2006-09-26 Utilisation de charbon actif et de scories d'acier pour lier des contaminants dans des materiaux contamines et composition comprenant du charbon actif, des scories d'acier et un materiau contamine

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JP6269721B2 (ja) * 2015-05-15 2018-01-31 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 浚渫土の改質方法
NL2016484B1 (en) 2016-03-24 2017-10-05 Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland Prevention of Sb leaching from bottom ash.
CN106947487B (zh) * 2017-04-14 2020-08-11 东南大学 一种用于复合重金属污染土的改良剂及制备和使用方法
CN112322305A (zh) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-05 王庆乐 一种利用铁矿尾矿生产土壤改良剂的方法
CN113751486A (zh) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-07 北京科技大学 含有钢渣的组合物及钢渣在黏土热脱附修复中的应用
CN113797884A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2021-12-17 东北大学 一种钢渣/矿渣/粉煤灰复合废渣多孔吸附材料、制备方法及应用
CN114669268A (zh) * 2022-04-11 2022-06-28 明正鹏达(天津)环保科技有限公司 一种生物炭-钢渣复合吸附材料制备方法及其应用
CN115305095B (zh) * 2022-09-13 2023-10-20 江苏润天建材(集团)有限公司 一种基于冶炼渣的重金属污染土壤修复剂及其制备方法
CN115637151B (zh) * 2022-11-08 2024-04-30 中国农业大学 一种酸性土壤调理剂及其制备方法

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