EP1948166A1 - Carbazol-derivate als funktionale 5-ht6-liganden - Google Patents

Carbazol-derivate als funktionale 5-ht6-liganden

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Publication number
EP1948166A1
EP1948166A1 EP06766266A EP06766266A EP1948166A1 EP 1948166 A1 EP1948166 A1 EP 1948166A1 EP 06766266 A EP06766266 A EP 06766266A EP 06766266 A EP06766266 A EP 06766266A EP 1948166 A1 EP1948166 A1 EP 1948166A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dimethylamine
carbazol
tetrahydro
compound
formula
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06766266A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1948166B1 (de
Inventor
Venkata Satya Nirogi Ramakrishna
Rama Sastri Kambhampati
Vikas Shreekrishna Shirsath
Jagadish Babu Konda
Santosh Vishwakarma
Venkateswarlu Jasti
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Suven Life Sciences Ltd
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Suven Life Sciences Ltd
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Priority to SI200630873T priority Critical patent/SI1948166T1/sl
Priority to PL06766266T priority patent/PL1948166T3/pl
Publication of EP1948166A1 publication Critical patent/EP1948166A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1948166B1 publication Critical patent/EP1948166B1/de
Priority to CY20111100064T priority patent/CY1111560T1/el
Active legal-status Critical Current
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
    • C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
    • C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
    • C07D209/88—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/14—Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A61P21/02—Muscle relaxants, e.g. for tetanus or cramps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
    • C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
    • C07D209/94—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed containing carbocyclic rings other than six-membered

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to certain carbazole derivatives, their stereoisomers, their salts, their preparation and medicines containing them.
  • 5-HT neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine
  • serotonin is localized in the central and peripheral nervous systems and is known to affect many types of conditions including psychiatric disorders, motor activity, feeding behavior, sexual activity, and neuroendocrine regulation among others.
  • 5 -HT receptor subtypes regulate the various effects of serotonin.
  • Known 5-HT receptor family includes the 5-HTj family (e.g. 5-HT 1A ), the 5-HT 2 family (e.g.5- HT 2 A), 5-HT 3 , 5-HT 4 , 5-HT 5 , 5-HT 6 and 5- HT7 subtypes.
  • the 5-HTg receptor subtype was first cloned from rat tissue in 1993 (Monsma, F. J.; Shen, Y.; Ward, R. P.; Hamblin, M. W., Molecular Pharmacology, 1993, 43, 320-327) and subsequently from human tissue (Kohen, R.; Metcalf, M. A.; Khan, N.; Druck, T.; Huebner, K.; Sibley, D. R., Journal of Neurochemistry, 1996, 66, 47-56).
  • the receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) positively coupled to adenylate cyclase (Ruat, M.; Traiffort, E.; Arrang, J-M.; Tardivel-Lacombe, L.; Diaz, L.; Leurs, R.; Schwartz, J-C, Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications, 1993, 193, 268-276).
  • GPCR G-protein coupled receptor
  • the receptor is found almost exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) areas both in rat and in human.
  • 5-HT 6 receptor mRNA lower levels of 5-HT 6 receptor mRNA were seen in the granular layer of the cerebellum, several diencephalic nuclei, amygdala and in the cortex. Northern blots have revealed that 5- HT 6 receptor mRNA appears to be exclusively present in the brain, with little evidence for its presence in peripheral tissues.
  • 5-HTg ligands there are many potential therapeutic uses for 5-HTg ligands in humans based on direct effects and on indications from available scientific studies. These studies include the localization of the receptor, the affinity of ligands with known in vivo activity, and various animal studies conducted so far. Preferably, antagonist compounds of 5-HTg receptors are sought after as therapeutic agents.
  • One potential therapeutic use of modulators of 5-HTg receptor function is in the enhancement of cognition and memory in human diseases such as Alzheimer's.
  • 5-HTg ligands A related potential therapeutic use for 5-HTg ligands is the treatment of attention deficit disorders (ADD, also known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD) in both children and adults.
  • ADD attention deficit disorders
  • 5-HTg antagonists appear to enhance the activity of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway and because ADHD has been linked to abnormalities in the caudate (Ernst, M; Zametkin, A. J.; Matochik, J. H.; Jons, P. A.; Cohen, R. M., Journal of Neuroscience, 1998, 18(15), 5901-5907), 5-HTg antagonists may attenuate attention deficit disorders.
  • 5-HTg modulators may be useful in the treatment of movement disorders including epilepsy (Stean, T.; Routledge, C; Upton, N., British Journal of Pharmacology, 1999, 127 Proc. Supplement-131P; and Routledge, C; Bromidge, S. M.; Moss, S. F.; Price, G. W.; Hirst, W.; Newman, H,; Riley, G.; Gager, T.; Stean, T.; Upton, N.; Clarke, S. E.; Brown, A. M., British Journal of Pharmacology, 2000, 30 ⁇ !), 1606-1612).
  • 5-HTg receptor modulators i.e. ligands
  • compounds which are 5-HTg receptor modulators may be useful for therapeutic indications including: the treatment of diseases associated with a deficit in memory, cognition, and learning such as
  • Alzheimer's and attention deficit disorder the treatment of personality disorders such as schizophrenia; the treatment of behavioral disorders, e. g. anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorders; the treatment of motion or motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy; the treatment of diseases associated with neurodegeneration such as stroke or head trauma; or withdrawal from drug addiction including addiction to nicotine, alcohol, and other substances of abuse.
  • Such compounds are also expected to be of use in the treatment of certain gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as functional bowel disorder.
  • GI gastrointestinal
  • Such compounds are also expected to be of use in the treatment of certain gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as functional bowel disorder.
  • GI gastrointestinal
  • GI gastrointestinal
  • WO 2004/048330 Al and WO 2004/048328 A2 (all assigned to Suven Life Sciences Limited) describes related prior art.
  • WO 98/27081, WO 99/02502, WO 99/37623, WO 99/42465 and WO01/32646 (all assigned to Glaxo SmithKline Beecham PLC) disclose a series of aryl sulphonamide and sulphoxide compounds as 5-FfTg receptor antagonists and which are claimed to be useful in the treatment of various CNS disorders. While some 5-HTg modulators have been disclosed, there continues to be a need for compounds that are useful for modulating 5- HT 6 . Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide compounds, which are useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment of a variety of central nervous system disorders related to or affected by the 5-HTg receptor functions.
  • the compounds provided may also be used to further study and elucidate the 5-HTg receptor.
  • the preferred object of the invention is to synthesize a potent selective 5-HTg receptor antagonist.
  • Carbazole class of compounds have now been found which demonstrate 5-HTg receptor affinity, which may be used as effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
  • CNS central nervous system
  • the present invention relates to a compound of the Formula (I), along with its stereoisomer or its salt with an inorganic or organic acid,
  • Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein: ' — ' dashed line represents optional double bond; Ar represents any one group selected from phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl, each of which may be further substituted by one or more independent substituents are defined as Ri; Ar- for example may be,
  • R 1 represents one or multiple substitutions on the benzene ring, and includes a hydrogen, halogen, cyano, (d-C 3 )alkyl, halo(Ci-C 3 )alkyl, (Ci-C 3 )alkoxy, halo(C r C 3 )alkoxy, cyclo(C 3 -Cg)alkyl or cyclo(C 3 -C 3 )alkoxy; R represents either hydrogen or (Ci-C 3 )alkyl; and "n" represents integer either 1 or 2.
  • the present invention also provides methods for preparing, compositions comprising, and methods for using Compounds of Formula (I).
  • the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing a therapeutically effective amount of atleast one compound of formula (I) 5 or individual stereoisomers, racemic or non-racemic mixture of stereoisomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, in admixture with at least one suitable carrier.
  • the invention relates to the use of a therapeutically effective amount of compound of formula (I), in manufacture of a medicament, for the treatment or prevention of a disorders involving selective affinity for the 5-HTg receptor.
  • the invention further relates to the process for preparing compounds of formula (I).
  • Partial list of such compounds of general formula (I) is as follows: (9-Benzenesulfonyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-caxbazol-3-yl)dimethylamine;
  • the 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 (5-HTg) receptor is one of the most recent receptors to be identified by molecular cloning. Its ability to bind a wide range of therapeutic compounds used in psychiatry, coupled with its interesting distribution in the brain has stimulated significant interest in new compounds which are capable of interacting with or affecting said receptor.
  • Ar represents any one group selected from phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl, each of which may be further substituted by one or more independent substituents as defined by R 1 ;
  • Ar- for example may be,
  • Ri represents one or multiple substitutions on the benzene ring, and includes a hydrogen, halogen, cyano, (Ci-C 3 )alkyl, halo(Ci-C 3 )alkyl, (Ci-C 3 )alkoxy, halo(d- C 3 )alkoxy, cyclo(C 3 -Ce)alkyl or cyclo(C 3 -C6)aIkoxy; R represents either hydrogen or (Ci-C 3 )alkyl; and "n" represents integer either 1 or 2.
  • halogen as used herein and in the claims (unless the context indicates otherwise) means atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine;
  • (Ci-C 3 )alkyl as used herein and in the claims (unless the context indicates otherwise) means straight and branched chain alkyl radicals containing from one to three carbon atoms and includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl.
  • (Ci-C 3 )alkoxy as used herein and in the claims (unless the context indicates otherwise) means straight and branched chain alkoxy radicals containing from one to three carbon atoms and includes methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy and iso-propyloxy, which may be further substituted.
  • halo(Ci-C 3 )alkyl as used herein and in the claims (unless the context indicates otherwise) means straight and branched chain alkyl radicals containing from one to three carbon atoms and includes fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyL trifluoroethyl, fluoroethyl, difluoroethyl and the like.
  • halo(Ci-C 3 )aIkoxy as used herein and in the claims (unless the context indicates otherwise) means straight and branched chain alkoxy radicals containing from one to three carbon atoms and includes fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, fluoroethoxy, difluoroethoxy and the like.
  • cyclo(C 3 -C 6 )alkyl as used herein and in the claims (unless the context indicates otherwise) means cyclic alkyl radicals containing from three to six carbon atoms and includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, the cycloalkyl group may be substituted.
  • cyclic alkoxy radicals containing from three to six carbon atoms and includes cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, the cycloalkoxy group may be substituted and the like.
  • heteroaryl is intended to mean a 5 or 6 membered monocyclic aromatic or a fused 8- 10 membered bicyclic aromatic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
  • monocyclic aromatic rings include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyh triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl and pyridyl.
  • fused aromatic rings include benzofused aromatic rings such as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyL naphthyridinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzotriazolyl and the like.
  • benzofused aromatic rings such as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyL naphthyridinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, pyrrolo
  • Heteroaryl groups may be linked to the remainder of the molecule via a carbon atom or, when present, a suitable nitrogen atom except where otherwise indicated above. It will be appreciated that wherein the above mentioned aryl or heteroaryl groups have more than one substituent, said substituents may be linked to form a ring, for example a carboxyl and amine group may be linked to form an amide group.
  • the term 5-to 7-membered heterocyclic ring is intended to mean a non aromatic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. Such rings may be partially unsaturated.
  • 5-to 7-membered heterocyclic rings include piperidinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, azepanyl, diazepanyl and piperazinyl.
  • a 5-to7- membered heterocyclic ring, as described above, may be linked to the remainder of the molecule via a carbon atom or a suitable nitrogen atom.
  • Certain compounds of formula (I) are capable of existing in stereoisomeric forms (e. g. diastereomers and enantiomers) and the invention extends to each of these stereoisomeric forms and to mixtures thereof including racemates.
  • the different stereoisomeric forms may be separated one from the other by the usual methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by stereospecific or asymmetric synthesis.
  • the invention also extends to any tautomeric forms and mixtures thereof.
  • stereoisomers is a general term for all isomers of the individual molecules that differ only in the orientation of their atoms in space. It includes mirror image isomers (enantiomers), geometric (cis-trans) isomers and isomers of compounds with more than one chiral centre that are not mirror images of one another (diastereomers).
  • the stereoisomers as a rule are generally obtained as racemates that can be separated into the optically active isomers in a manner known per se.
  • the present invention relates to the D- form, the L-form and D,L- mixtures and in the case of a number of asymmetric carbon atoms, the diastereomeric forms and the invention extends to each of these stereoisomeric forms and to mixtures thereof including racemates.
  • Those compounds of general formula (I) which have an asymmetric carbon and as a rule are obtained as racemates can be separated one from the other by the usual methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by stereospecific or asymmetric synthesis.
  • stereoisomers of compounds of general formula (I) may be prepared by one or more ways presented below: i) One or more of the reagents may be used in their optically active form. ii) Optically pure catalyst or chiral ligands along with metal catalyst may be employed in the reduction process. The metal catalysts may be employed in the reduction process.
  • the metal catalyst may be Rhodium, Ruthenium, Indium and the like.
  • the chiral ligands may preferably be chiral phosphines (Principles of Asymmetric synthesis, J. E. Baldwin Ed., Tetrahedron series, 14, 311-316).
  • the mixture of stereoisomers may be resolved by conventional methods such as forming a diastereomeric salts with chiral acids or chiral amines, or chiral amino alcohols, chiral amino acids.
  • the resulting mixture of diastereomers may then be separated by methods such as fractional crystallization, chromatography and the like, which is followed by an additional step of isolating the optically active product by hydrolyzing the derivative (Jacques et.
  • Chiral acids that can be employed may be tartaric acid, mandelic acid, lactic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, amino acids and the like.
  • Chiral bases that can be employed may be cinchona alkaloids, brucine or a basic amino group such as lysine, arginine and the like.
  • the present invention relates to all of these geometric isomers.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include those described in J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66, 1-19, such as acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids e. g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; and organic acids e. g. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid.
  • the present invention includes within its scope all possible stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms.
  • Solvents such as water, acetone, ether, THF, methanol, ethanol, t-butanol, dioxane, isopropanol, isopropyl ether or mixtures thereof may be used.
  • other salts are included in the invention. They may serve as intermediates in the purification of the compounds, in the preparation of other salts, or in the identification and characterization of the compounds or intermediates.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared in crystalline or non-crystalline form, and, if crystalline, may optionally be solvated, eg. as the hydrate.
  • This invention includes within its scope stoichiometric solvates (eg. hydrates) as well as compounds containing variable amounts of solvent (eg. water).
  • the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which comprises of contacting a compound of formula (a) wherein all the substitutents such as n, Rj, R and Ar are as defined for the compound of formula (I) earlier, with a sulfone derivative of formula (b):
  • a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which comprises of contacting a compound of formula (a) wherein all the substitutents such as n, Rj, R and Ar are as defined for the compound of formula (I) earlier, with a sulfone derivative of formula (b):
  • Ar are as defined for the compound of formula (I) earlier; and Lg represents as halogen atom (eg. fluoro, chloro or iodo); in presence of suitable base and inert solvent at suitable temperature to obtain a compound of formula (I).
  • Lg represents as halogen atom (eg. fluoro, chloro or iodo); in presence of suitable base and inert solvent at suitable temperature to obtain a compound of formula (I).
  • the above reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent such as THF, toluene, DCM, acetone, water, DMF, DMSO, DME, and the like or a mixture thereof, and preferably using either acetone or DMF.
  • the inert atmosphere may be maintained by using inert gases such as N 2 , Ar or He.
  • the reaction may be affected in the presence of a base such as K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , NaH or mixtures thereof.
  • the reaction temperature may range from 0 0 C to 100 0 C based on the choice of solvent and preferably at a temperature in the range from 0 0 C to 50 0 C.
  • the duration of the reaction may range from 1 to 24 hours, preferably from 2 to 6 hours.
  • any one or more than one of the following steps can be carried out, i) converting a compound of the formula (I) into another compound of the formula (I) ii) removing any protecting groups; or iii) forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or a prodrug thereof.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be prepared conventionally by reaction with the appropriate acid or acid derivative as described earlier in detail.
  • examples of protecting groups and the means for their removal can be found in T. W. Greene 'Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis' (J. Wiley and Sons, 1991).
  • Suitable amine protecting groups include sulphonyl (e. g. tosyl), acyl (e. g. acetyl, 2', 2', X- trichloroethoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl) and arylalkyl (e. g. benzyl), which may be removed by hydrolysis (e. g. using an acid such as hydrochloric or trifluoroacetic acid) or reductively (e. g. hydrogenolysis of a benzyl group or reductive removal of a 2', 2', X- trichloroethoxycarbonyl group using zinc in acetic acid) as appropriate.
  • hydrolysis e. g. using an acid such as hydrochloric or trifluoroacetic acid
  • reductively e. g. hydrogenolysis of a benzyl group or reductive removal of a 2', 2',
  • Suitable amine protecting groups include trifluoroacetyl(-COCF 3 ) which may be removed by base catalysed hydrolysis or a solid phase resin bound benzyl group, such as a Merrifleld resin bound 2,6- dimethoxybenzyl group(Ellman linker), which may be removed by acid catalysed hydrolysis, for example withtrifluoroacetic acid.
  • Process (iii) may be performed using conventional interconversion procedures such as epimerisation, oxidation, reduction, alkylation, nucleophilic or electrophilic aromatic substitution, ester hydrolysis or amide bond formation.
  • compositions of the present invention may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • the active compounds of the invention may be formulated for oral, buccal, intranasal, parental (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) or rectal administration or a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may take the form of, for example, tablets or capsules prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as binding agents (e.g., pregelatinised maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate); lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrants (e.g., potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulphate).
  • binding agents e.g., pregelatinised maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
  • fillers e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate
  • lubricants e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica
  • disintegrants e.g., potato starch or sodium
  • Liquid preparations for oral administration may take the form of, for example, solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspending agents (e.g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agents (e.g., lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous vehicles (e.g., almond oil, oily esters or ethyl alcohol); and preservatives (e.g., methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid).
  • suspending agents e.g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible fats
  • emulsifying agents e.g., lecithin or acacia
  • non-aqueous vehicles e.g., almond oil, oily esters or ethyl alcohol
  • the composition may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
  • the active compounds of the invention may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, including using conventional catheterization techniques or infusion.
  • Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
  • the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulating agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
  • the active ingredient may be in powder form for reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.
  • the active compounds of the invention may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
  • the active compounds of the invention are conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray from a pressurized container or a nebulizer, or from a capsule using a inhaler or insufflator.
  • a suitable propellant e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas and the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
  • the medicament for pressurized container or nebulizer may contain a solution or suspension of the active compound while for a capsule it preferably should be in the form of powder.
  • Capsules and cartridges for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of a compound of the invention and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
  • Aerosol formulations for treatment of the conditions referred to above e.g., migraine
  • each metered dose or "puff 1 of aerosol contains 20 ⁇ g to 1000 ⁇ g of the compound of the invention.
  • the overall daily dose with an aerosol will be within the range 100 ⁇ g to 10 mg.
  • Administration may be several times daily, for example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1, 2 or 3 doses each time.
  • An effective amount of a compound of general formula (I), or their derivatives as defined above can be used to produce a medicament, along with conventional pharmaceutical auxiliaries, carriers and additives.
  • Such therapy includes multiple choices: for example, administering two compatible compounds simultaneously in a single dose form or administering each compound individually in a separate dosage; or if required at same time interval or separately in order to maximize the beneficial effect or minixnize the potential side-effects of the drugs according to the known principles of pharmacology.
  • phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” indicates that the substance or composition must be compatible chemically and/or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and/or the mammal being treated therewith.
  • the present compounds are useful as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of various conditions in which the use of a 5-HTg receptor antagonist is indicated, such as in the treatment of central nervous system disturbances such as psychosis, schizophrenia, manic depression, depression, neurological disturbances, memory disturbances. Parkinsonism, amylotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Huntingtoii's disease.
  • schizophrenia means schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder and psychotic disorder wherein the term “psychotic” refers to delusions, prominent hallucinations, disorganized speech or disorganized or catatonic behavior. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, fourth edition, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D. C.
  • treating embrace all the meanings such as preventative, prophylactic and palliative.
  • “Therapeutically effective amount” is defined as 'an amount of a compound of the present invention that (i) treats or prevents the particular disease, condition, or disorder, (ii) attenuates, ameliorates, or eliminates one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevents or delays the onset of one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder described herein'.
  • the dose of the active compounds can vary depending on factors such as the route of administration, age and weight of patient, nature and severity of the disease to be treated and similar factors. Therefore, any reference herein to a pharmacologically effective amount of the compounds of general formula (I) refers to the aforementioned factors.
  • a proposed dose of the active compounds of this invention, for either oral, parenteral, nasal or buccal administration, to an average adult human, for the treatment of the conditions referred to above, is 0.1 to 200 mg of the active ingredient per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
  • reaction scheme depicted herein provides potential routes for synthesizing the compounds of the present invention as well as key intermediates.
  • Examples section For a more detailed description of the individual reaction steps, see the Examples section. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the inventive compounds.
  • specific starting materials and reagents are depicted in the schemes and discussed below, other starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to provide a variety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions.
  • many of the compounds prepared by the methods described below can be further modified in light of this disclosure using conventional chemistry well known to those skilled in the art. Commercial reagents were utilized without further purification. Room temperature refers to 25 - 30 0 C.
  • Example 3 9-[(4-Fluorobenzenesulphonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3-yl] dimethylamine. Using essentially the same procedure described in example 1 and some non-critical variations the above derivative was prepared.
  • Example 4 9-[(4-MethyIbenzenesulfonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazoI-3-yl] dimethylamine.
  • Example 8 [9-(4-MethoxybenzenesuIfonyI)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazoI-3-yl]- dimethylamine.
  • Example 10 [6-Bromo-9-(4-bromobenzenesuIphonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-Carbazol-3- yl] dimethylamine. Using essentially the same procedure described in example 1 and some non-critical variations the above derivative was prepared.
  • Example 14 [6 ⁇ Bromo-9-(2-bromobenzenesulphonyI)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3- yl] dimethylamine. Using essentially the same procedure described in example 1 and some non-critical variations the above derivative was prepared.
  • Example 15 [6-Bromo-9-(4-methoxybenzenesulphonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazoI- 3-yl] dimethylamine. Using essentially the same procedure described in example 1 and some non-critical variations the above derivative was prepared.
  • Example 16 [ ⁇ -Chloro ⁇ -benzenesuIfonyl-l j S ⁇ -tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-S-yl] dimethylamine.
  • Example 17 [6-Chloro-9-(3-trifluromethylbenzenesulfonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH- carbazol-3-yl] dimethylamine.
  • Example 19 [6-Chloro-9-(4-bromobenzenesulfonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazoI-3-yI] dimethylamine. Using essentially the same procedure described in example 1 and some non-critical variations the above derivative was prepared.
  • Example 20 [6-Chloro-9-(4-fluorobenze ⁇ esuIfonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3-yl] dimethylamine.
  • Example 22 [6-Fluoro-9-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3-yl] dimethylamine.
  • Example 23 [6-Fluoro-9-(4-isopropylbenzenesulfonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3- yl] dimethylamine. Using essentially the same procedure described in example 1 and some non-critical variations the above derivative was prepared.
  • Example 24 [6-Fluoro-9-(4-bromobenzenesulfonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3-yl] dimethylamine.
  • Example 25 [6-Fluoro-9-(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3-yl] dimethylamine.
  • Example 26 [6-Methoxy-9-benzenesulfonyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazoI-3-yl] dimethylamine. Using essentially the same procedure described in example 1 and some non-critical variations the above derivative was prepared.
  • Example 32 [6-Methylthio-9-benzenesulfonyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3-yl] dimethylamine.
  • Example 34 [6-Methylthio-9-(4-bromobenzenesulfonyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3- yl] dimethylamine.
  • Example 35 [6-MethyIthio-9-(4-Fluorobe ⁇ zenesulfonyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3- yl] dimethy lamine. Using essentially the same procedure described in example 1 and some non-critical variations the above derivative was prepared.
  • Example 36 [6-Chloro-9-(2-bromobenzenesulfonyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3-yI] dimethylamine.
  • Example 37 [6,8-Difluoro-9-(4-methyIbenzenesulfonyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol-3- yl] dimethylamine.
  • Example 39 [6-Bromo-9-(2,3-dichlorobenzenesulphonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazol- 3-yl] dimethylamine. Using essentially the same procedure described in example 1 and some non-critical variations the above derivative was prepared.
  • Example 41 [6-Methylthio-9-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-carbazoI- 3-yl] dimethylamine.
  • the rats were housed in their single home cages for 28 days. During this period, the rats were either dosed orally or i.p., with a composition comprising a compound of formula (1) or a corresponding composition (vehicle) without the said compound (control group), once-a- day.
  • the rat is provided with ad libitum food and water.
  • Example 44 Tablet comprising a compound of formula (I):
  • Example 45 Composition for Oral Administration
  • the ingredients are mixed and dispensed into capsules containing about 100 mg each; one capsule would approximate a total daily dosage.
  • Example 47 Parenteral Formulation
  • Example 48 Suppository Formulation
  • Example 50 Object Recognition Task Model.
  • the cognition-enhancing properties of compounds of this invention were estimated using a model of animal cognition: the object recognition task model.
  • Male wistar rats (230 - 280 g) obtained from N. I. N. (National Institute of Nutrition, India) were used as an experimental animal.
  • Four animals were housed in each cage. Animals were kept on 20 % food deprivation before one day and given water ad libitum throughout the experiment and maintained on a 12 h light/dark cycle. Also the rats were habituated to individual arenas for 1 hour in absence of any objects.
  • Choice phase (T2) rats were allowed to explore the open field for 3 min. in presence of one familiar object (a3) and one novel object (b) (Amber color glass bottle, 12 cm high and 5 cm in diameter. Familiar objects presented similar textures, colors and sizes.
  • exploration of each object defined as sniffing, licking, chewing or having moving vibrissae whilst directing the nose towards the object at a distance of less than 1 cm) were recorded separately by stopwatch. Sitting on an object was not regarded as exploratory activity, however, it was rarely observed.
  • Tl is the total time spent exploring the familiar objects (al + a2).
  • T2 is the total time spent exploring the familiar object and novel object (a3 +b).
  • the object recognition test was performed as described by Ennaceur, A., Delacour, J.,
  • Representative compounds have shown positive effects indicating the increased novel object recognition viz; increased exploration time with novel object and higher discrimination index.
  • Example 51 Chewing/Yawning/Stretching induction by 5HT 6 R antagonists.
  • Rats Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Rats were given vehicle injections and placed in individual, transparent chambers for 1 h each day for 2 days before the test day, to habituate them to the observation chambers and testing procedure. On the test day, rats were placed in the observation chambers immediately after drug administration and observed continuously for yawning, stretching, and chewing behaviors from 60 to 90 min after drug or vehicle injections. 60 minutes prior to the drug administration Physostigmine, 0.1 mg/kg i.p. was administered to all the animals. Average number of yawns, stretches, and vacuous chewing movements during the 30 min observation period were recorded.
  • the water maze apparatus consisted of a circular pool (1.8 m diameter, 0.6 m high) constructed in black Perspex (TSE systems, Germany) rilled with water (24 + 2 °C) and positioned underneath a wide-angled video camera to track animal.
  • the black Perspex used in the construction of the maze and platform offered no intramaze cues to guide escape behavior.
  • the training room offered several strong extramaze visual cues to aid the formation of the spatial map necessary for escape learning.
  • An automated tracking system [Videomot 2 (5.51), TSE systems, Germany] was employed.
  • This program analyzes video images acquired via a digital camera and an image acquisition board that determined path length, swim speed and the number of entries and duration of swim time spent in each quadrant of the water maze.
  • the training apparatus consisted of a chamber 300 mm in length, 260 mm wide, and 270 mm in height, constructed to established designs. The front and top were transparent, allowing the experimenter to observe the behavior of the animal inside the apparatus.
  • the chamber was divided into two compartments, separated by a central shutter that contained a small opening 50 mm wide and 75 mm high set close to the front of the chamber. The smaller of the compartments measured 9 mm in width and contained a low-power (6V) illumination source. The larger compartment measured 210 mm in width and was not illuminated.
  • 6V low-power
  • the floor of this dark compartment consisted of a grid of 16 horizontal stainless-steel bars that were 5mm in diameter and spaced 12.5 mm apart.
  • a current generator supplied 0.75 mA to the grid floor, which was scrambled once every 0.5 s across the 16 bars.
  • a resistance range of 40-60 microohms was calculated for a control group of rats and the apparatus was calibrated accordingly.
  • An electronic circuit detecting the resistance of the animal ensured an accurate current delivery by automatic variation of the voltage with change in resistance.
  • Example 54 Nova screen binding assay for human 5-HTg receptor.
  • Receptor source Human recombinant expressed in HEK-293 cells
  • Radioligand [ 3 H]LSD (60-80 Ci/mmol) Final ligand concentration - [1.5 nM]
  • Non-specific determinant Methiothepin mesylate - [0.1 ⁇ M]
  • Reference compound Methiothepin mesylate
  • Positive control Methiothepin mesylate
  • Incubation conditions Reactions were carried out in 50 mM TRIS-HCl (pH 7.4) containing 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.5 mM EDTA for 60 minutes at 37 0 C. The reaction was terminated by rapid vacuum filtration onto glass fiber filters. Radioactivity trapped onto the filters was determined and compared to control values in order to ascertain any interactions of test compound(s) with the cloned serotonin - 5HTe binding site.
  • the antagonist property of the compounds at the human 5-HT 6 receptors was determined by testing their effect on cAMP accumulation in stably transfected HEK-293 cells. Binding of an agonist to the human 5-HTe receptor will lead to an increase in adenyl cyclase activity. A compound that is an agonist will show an increase in cAMP production and a compoimd that is an antagonist will block the agonist effect.
  • Human 5-HTg receptors were cloned and stably expressed in HEK-293 cells. These cells were plated in 6 well plates in DMEM/F12 media with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and 500 ug/mL G418 and incubated at 37° C. in a CO 2 incubator. The cells were allowed to grow to about 70 % confluence before initiation of the experiment. On the day of the experiment, the culture media was removed, and the cells were washed once with serum free medium (SFM). Two mL of SFM + IBMX media was added and incubated at 37° C. for 10 min.
  • FCS fetal calf serum
  • the media were removed and fresh SFM+IBMX media containing various compounds, and 1 uM serotonin (as antagonist) were added to the appropriate wells and incubated for 30 min. Following incubation, the media were removed and the cells were washed once with 1 mL of PBS (phosphate buffered saline). Each well was treated with 1 mL cold 95% ethanol and 5 mM EDTA (2:1) at 4° C. for 1 hour. The cells were then scraped and transferred into Eppendorf tubes. The tubes were centrifuged for 5 min at 4° C, and the supernatants were stored at 4° C. until assayed.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • cAMP content was determined by EIA (enzyme-immunoassay) using the Amersham Biotrak cAMP EIA kit (Amersham RPN 225). The procedure used is as described for the kit. Briefly, cAMP is determined by the competition between unlabeled cAMP and a fixed quantity of peroxidase-labelled cAMP for the binding sites on anti-cAMP antibody. The antibody is immobilized onto polystyrene microtitre wells precoated with a second antibody. The reaction is started by adding 50 uL, peroxidase-labeled cAMP to the sample (100 uL) preincubated with the antiserum (100 uL) for 2 hours at 4° C.

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EP06766266A 2005-10-19 2006-06-09 Carbazol-derivate als funktionale 5-ht6-liganden Active EP1948166B1 (de)

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BRPI0619308A2 (pt) 2013-03-05
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ATE485040T1 (de) 2010-11-15
EA200801114A1 (ru) 2009-02-27
NO341252B1 (no) 2017-09-25
PT1948166E (pt) 2011-01-19
SI1948166T1 (sl) 2011-02-28
ZA200803118B (en) 2011-11-30
EA014694B1 (ru) 2010-12-30
KR101125820B1 (ko) 2012-03-28
ES2354455T3 (es) 2011-03-15
US8143303B2 (en) 2012-03-27
DK1948166T3 (da) 2011-01-31
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