Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
  • E01C9/08—Temporary pavings
  • E01C9/086—Temporary pavings made of concrete, wood, bitumen, rubber or synthetic material or a combination thereof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for establishing of transfer and dis- tribution of loads (compression forces, traction forces and shearing forces) from a building construction to stable earth layers via a terrain cover consisting of one or more layers of insulating materials, combined with a pressure-absorbing and load- distributing support layer, and a terrain cover system for the execution of the method according to the invention.
• loads compression forces, traction forces and shearing forces
• the terrain cover itself has primarily met the need for the separation of the building from the underlying ground layer with or without insulation, at the same time with the terrain cover functioning as load-transferring layer for the building's surface load, which is normally considerably lower than the forces which shall be transferred to the building's foundations.
• the weather will also play a role in connection with the establishing of a site- moulded building foundation and terrain cover. Bad weather will extend the time taken to establish this. Moreover, the work process will be difficult to control due to the combination and the complexity of the various work processes, which also involves extra costs.
• the ideal situation will thus be to be able to establish a building founda- tion/terrain cover in the shortest possible time, and preferably in one working day.
• the establishing hereof can take place in stages, so that the storage of building materials or the establishing of a proper building site can be avoided.
• Said concrete element has the disadvantage that, regardless of the degree of insulation, the cover element implemented as a terrain cover element will be only partly insulated, since the under-support points for the terrain cover element will always be un-insulated, which will mean that the under-support points will form cold bridges. Cold bridges in the under-support points will be further increased by the existence of steel reinforcements in the under-support points, and which are through-going or which have connection with the reinforcement rods in the upper side of the element. Furthermore, the use of said concrete element as terrain cover has the further disadvantage that separate point foundations must be provided in the under-support points, which will extend the building period. It can also be mentioned that drainage installations, which are led through the concrete ele- ment as terrain cover element, are led to open cavities, the result being that it will be necessary to establish separate insulation/frost-proofing for these.
• the known technique provides possibilities of insulating terrain cov- ers, partly as in-situ moulded units, or as prefabricated subsequently insulated and reinforced part-elements which are supported on point foundations, but with all examples of the known technique it is necessary for a proper building site to be established, inasmuch as there shall either be carried out an in-situ moulding of the terrain cover plate, or of the point foundations for the supporting of the terrain cover.
• the object of the present invention is thus to provide a method for the establishing of a transfer and distribution of loads (compression forces, traction forces, shearing forces) from a building construction to bearing ground layers via a terrain cover of the kind disclosed by way of introduction, whereby the above-mentioned problems regarding the demand concerning a relatively short establishing time are avoided, and where the need for establishing a proper building site is eliminated or considerably reduced, where cold bridges are not formed, and where the use of moisture-sensitive construction materials can take place immediately after the es- tablishing of the terrain cover.
• loads compression forces, traction forces, shearing forces
• a terrain cover of the kind disclosed consisting of one or more layers of insulating materials, com- bined with a pressure-absorbing and load-distributing support layer, that for the establishing of the terrain cover on a previously levelled bearing ground layer of suitable material, there is laid at least one, though preferably a number of prefabricated, plate-formed, multi-layer, terrain cover elements, at least the one side edge of which is wholly or partly in contact with the side edge of one or more adjoining terrain cover elements, each comprising at least one layer of insulating material, and at least one pressure-absorbing and pressure-distributing layer, where the insulating material on the said terrain cover elements is arranged facing towards and in contact with the levelled supporting ground layer, and where said terrain cover elements in combination constitute a finished terrain cover/foundation for the transfer and distribution of the forces from a building construction placed on said elements.
• the distribution in the establishing of the ter- rain cover/foundation according to the invention will, in addition to the advantages mentioned above, also constitute a more uniform quality of the terrain cover/foundation which can be documented, in that the elements are produced industrially, where all working routines are well described and can be documented, and where it will therefore be possible in a relatively simple manner to carry out a proper quality control of the terrain elements produced, in relation to the time consumed and the validity of the quality control which is possible to carry out in connection with the establishing of site-moulded foundations/terrain covers.
• a terrain cover element for use in the execution of the method according to the invention is characterised in that it consists of at least one prefabricated, plate- formed multi-layer terrain cover element, comprising a first layer consisting of a relevant pressure-resistant insulation material oriented towards and in contact with the bearing ground layer, and a second layer consisting of a pressure-absorbing and load-distributing support layer placed on top and in connection with said first layer.
• the advantage herewith is that the insulating material over the whole of the terrain cover element according to the invention is arranged between the pressure- absorbing and load-distributing layer and the bearing ground layer, so that there is no formation of cold bridges. Moreover, with the prefabricated/factory produced terrain cover elements it can be ensured that the elements are of a high and uniform quality. Moreover, a very short building time is achieved, inasmuch as assembly work comprising moisture-sensitive building materials can commence immediately after the terrain cover has been placed on the bearing ground layer, and as a consequence of the reduction in the establishing time for the terrain cover according to the invention, the establishing of a proper building site with sheds etc. is rendered superfluous, since in most cases the terrain cover according to the invention can be established during the course of one day.
• the second, pressure-absorbing and load distributing layer of the terrain cover elements can with advantage consist of reinforced concrete, but this does not necessarily have to be the case, and thus the invention shall not be seen to be limited to these materials, in that depending on which type of building a relevant terrain cover element is to be used for, use can be made of alternative materials which possess the strength characteristics for the relevant type of building.
• the second pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer on preferred sites can comprise reinforcements for absorption and distribution of point loads and/or reinforcements for absorption and distribution of loads along a line stemming from a relevant building construction's columns or walls placed on top of the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer.
• terrain cover elements according to the present invention are prefabricated for use in connection with a relevant building, the load of which on the terrain cover element/under layer is known beforehand, also including the positioning of supporting columns and walls.
• the reinforcements for absorption of point loads and/or linear loads can be led wholly or partly through the insulation material into contact against the bearing ground layer, or a specially implemented building element. It is hereby avoided that extraordinarily great loads are not applied to the insulating material, but are transferred directly or indirectly to the supporting layer via the specially implemented building element provided in the supporting layer on which the terrain cover elements are placed. In cases where the reinforcements for point loads are led down through the insulation material, this should be carried out so that the leading-down is implemented at a suitable distance from the side of the building foundation, hereby reducing the effect of the cold bridge formed herewith.
• such a sealing can be established in a relatively simple manner by the substantially vertical facing sides of the first terrain cover element and the second terrain cover element comprising a bevelling extending from an area near the centre of the insula- tion material to the upper side of the pressure-absorbing and load distributing layer, said bevelling forming a V-shaped slot for introduction of sealing material in the joint between said sides.
• the forming of the V-shaped slot enables a suitable sealing material to be in- traduced, which typically will be the insulation material.
• the material can quickly and easily be introduced from above, and this introduction of sealing material can be carried out by a person standing on the pressure-absorbing and load- distributing layer. Such a sealing can be left undone until the relevant building construction is closed, or has at least been provided with a roof.
• the terrain cover element on the facing sides of the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer on two adjoining terrain cover ele- merits can comprise a recess for receiving the jointing material, which can consist of the same material as the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer, but use can be made of other alternative jointing materials, e.g. the recess can be filled with an elastically-yielding jointing material.
• the substantially vertical facing sides of the first and the second terrain cover elements can comprise at least one mechanical assembly element which is anchored by anchoring means on or in the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer, after which an adhesive, tight-fitting layer of tar paper or other Radon-tight material can be laid over the jointing area.
• the elements according to the invention can comprise a recess towards the outer sides/the edge side edges of a terrain cover established by the terrain cover system, said recess extending from a preferred starting point in the insulation material and at least to the upper side of the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer for the mounting of a project- adapted insulating edge element associated with the terrain cover system.
• Said recess permits the mounting of the insulating edge element which will safeguard against a cold bridge between the pressure-absorbing and load- distributing layer and a building part mounted on the terrain cover.
• the advantages of using reinforced concrete are that this is particularly suit- able for the absorption and transfer of the loads from a building construction to an under-layer.
• the prefabricating of the terrain cover elements provides the advantage that the content of water in factory concrete is considerably lower than in site-moulded concrete, which means that the establishing of the building construction on top of a foundation/terrain cover consisting of terrain cover ele- ments according to the invention will be able to commence almost immediately, or at the latest 8 days after the laying-out. But it shall be emphasised that the invention is not limited to the use of reinforced concrete as pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer.
• the choice of materials for the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer can depend on the building construction which is planned to be established on a relevant terrain cover according to the invention. With the object of ensuring an effective protection against penetration by Radon, the thickness of the reinforced concrete which constitutes the pressure- absorbing and load-distributing layer can be greater than 80 mm.
• the pressure-resistant insulation material can with advantage consist of expanded polystyrene (EPS), polyurethane, and suitable pressure-resistant cellular plastic and/or expanded clay clinker.
• EPS expanded polystyrene
• the pressure-resistant insulation material can in certain cases consist of combinations of various types of cellular plastic with the object of achieving special characteristics such as e.g. strength, tightness, capillary effect, fire resistance etc.
• the prefabricated, plate- formed multilayer terrain cover element according to the invention can comprise relevant recesses for the leading-in of cables and piping installations for the building construction for which the terrain cover element(s) have been laid out.
• the advantage of the terrain cover element according to the invention is that the piping installation is led in through the pressure-proof insulation which is in direct connection with the bearing ground layer. I.e. that the piping installation is immediately frost-proofed, inasmuch as the earth's radiation of heat combined with the insulating material will safeguard against the freezing-up of the piping installation.
• these can comprise means for the fastening of lifting equipment for handling, moving and positioning of the terrain cover element.
• Such means can e.g. consist of lifting brackets etc. which are pre- anchored/moulded into the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer.
• the terrain cover system distinguishes itself in that it does not require any previously in-situ moulded foundation works, which involves the establishing of a proper building site with workmen's huts and storage of tools and equipment, inasmuch as the establishing of a terrain cover for a building construction can be established during the course of one working day.
• the production of the terrain cover element as elements in an industrial environment instead of being done as construction site work, also results in ideal conditions for the optimising of constructions, reduction in material wastage, improvement of execution quality and reduction of time consumption, among other things by the elimination of weather situations and inexpedient and/or difficult coordination of work processes etc.
• Fig. 1 is a plan view of a terrain cover established with prefabricated terrain cover elements according to the invention
• Fig. 2 is a side view of the terrain cover shown in fig. 1
• Fig. 3 is an end view of the terrain cover shown in fig. 1
• Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the terrain cover shown in fig. 1 , seen along line A-A,
• Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the terrain cover shown in fig. 1 , seen along line B-B,
• Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the terrain cover shown in fig. 1 , seen along line C-C
• Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view along the line D-D in fig. 6,
• Fig. 8 is a detail sectional view along the line E-E in fig. 7
• Fig.9 is a detail sectional view along the line F-F in fig.7
• Fig. 10 shows an example of a terrain cover of prefabricated terrain cover elements according to the invention during establishment.
• fig. 1 there is shown a plan view of an embodiment of a terrain cover 2 which is established by the positioning of a total of 5 prefabricated terrain cover elements 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 according to the present invention in a formation on top of a bearing surface 3, suitable for a planned building construction (not shown) which is placed on the top side of the terrain cover elements 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
• the side edges 14 comprise a recess 16 for the placing of an edge element 18 of the respective terrain cover elements. Said recess 16 and the edge element 18 are shown more clearly in fig. 4.
• a prefabricated terrain cover element consists of a pressure-resistant insulating material 20 which, for example, can consist of expanded polystyrene (EPS), polyurethane, or a suitable pressure-resistant cellular plastic, and on top and in connection with this a second layer 22 consisting of a pressure-absorbing and load-distributing support layer which, for example, can consist of reinforced concrete.
• EPS expanded polystyrene
• polyurethane polyurethane
• a suitable pressure-resistant cellular plastic on top and in connection with this a second layer 22 consisting of a pressure-absorbing and load-distributing support layer which, for example, can consist of reinforced concrete.
• the edge element 18 can consist of an insulating material 24 for heat-loss insulation of the outer side edges 26 of the reinforced concrete, which constitutes the terrain cover element's pressure-absorbing and load distributing bearing layer 22.
• the outer side of the edge element can consist of a thin sheet material 28, the outwardly-facing side of which can consist of different materials of a preferred colour and structure.
• the primary object of the edge element 18 is to ensure a supplementary insulation against cold bridges to a building part mounted on the terrain cover.
• fig. 5 is seen a sectional view along the line B-B in fig. 1 , showing the mutual positioning and construction of the vertically-oriented facing side surfaces 30 of the terrain elements 6, 8, 10.
• these comprise a bevelling 32 of the pressure-resistant insulation material 20, said bevelling extending from an area 34 near the centre of the pressure- resistant insulation material insulation material 20 to the side 36 facing towards the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing bearing layer 22, whereby a V-shaped slot 38 is formed between two facing side surfaces 30 of the terrain cover elements 6, 8, 10, which is intended for the filling of a Radon-proof sealing material 39.
• the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing bearing layer 22 is brought to an end at a distance from the V-shaped slot 38.
• the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing bearing layer 22 comprises recesses 40 nearest to the upper side 42, said recesses in combination with the end of the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing bearing layer 22 making it possible for a jointing material to be introduced in between the respective pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layers 22 on top of the Radon-proof sealing material 39 which is placed in the V-shaped slot 38.
• fig. 6 is seen a sectional view through the terrain cover element 12 along the line C-C in fig. 1.
• the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer 22 comprises reinforcements 44 along the outer side in the form of a thickening with a rectangular section, these being for the absorption and transfer of the forces indicated with the arrows X which stem from a bearing wall construction (not shown) placed in this area on top of the terrain cover element 12.
• the terrain cover element 12 also comprises a reinforcement 46 which is placed between the reinforcements 44.
• the reinforcement 46 is intended partly for absorption of a linear load like the reinforcements 44, but it also comprises two reinforcements 48 with a circular cross-section, as will appear more clearly from fig. 7, said reinforcements 48 being led through the pressure-resistant insulation material 20, so that the reinforcements 48 can transfer point loads directly to the underlying bearing ground layer 3, without any influence on the pressure-resistant insulation material 20. In this way, a T-like beam is established in the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer 22.
• fig. 8 which is a plan view of the reinforcement 46 along the line E-E in fig. 6, are seen the additional reinforcements 48, and in fig. 9, which is a sectional view along the line F-F in fig. 6, the lower parts of the additional reinforcements are shown.
• the reinforcements 48 can be supported on one or more building elements placed in the bearing layer 3.
• a terrain cover 2 according to the invention during establishment.
• the placing of the terrain cover elements 6, 8 on a supporting layer 3 has already taken place, and a further terrain cover element 10 is being laid by means of a crane (not shown), hanging in lifting strops 50 fastened in eye-bolts 52 which are anchored in the terrain cover element 10.
• the terrain cover elements 8 and 10 comprise cutouts 54, 56 for the leading-through of pipes 58, 60 which are established in and standing upright from the supporting layer 3.
• the area comprising the recesses 40 in pressure-absorbing and load-distributing layer 22 for the filing-out with a Radon- proof material 62 which in the shown embodiment consists of a jointing strip of roofing paper/bitumen paper.
• the jointing material can also consist of other materials, merely providing that these adhere to the sides of the recesses or the upwardly-facing side of the pressure-absorbing and load-distributing support layer on ) two adjoining terrain cover elements, so that the material thus effects a gas-tight sealing of the joint.

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• 2006
  • 2006-10-10 WO PCT/DK2006/050057 patent/WO2007042050A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2006-10-10 EP EP06791494A patent/EP1945863A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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