Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • A61K38/21—Interferons [IFN]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • A61K38/21—Interferons [IFN]
  • A61K38/212—IFN-alpha
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • A61K38/21—Interferons [IFN]
  • A61K38/215—IFN-beta
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
  • A61P15/14—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for lactation disorders, e.g. galactorrhoea
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an agent for treating mastitis, more particularly, to an agent for treating mastitis, which contains interferon as an effective ingredient.
• mammals in lactation period tend to increase frequency of suffering from mastitis as a result of microbial infection induced by various factors such as physical stimulation during lactation, occurrence of injury generated around papillae, stress inducible by changing in circumstances and delivery, and by reduction of immunity inducible thereby.
• mastitis are most frequently induced in dairy cows required for continuously milking well and many of which may be accidentally died and therefore it is recognized as a badly-damage-inducible disease.
• mastitis in dairy cows are said to be inducible by microbial infection and may be greatly influenced by environmental factors such as stress.
• environmental factors such as stress.
• the frequency of onset of mastitis is increased by heat stress frequently induced in summer and other stress induced during or after a long distance transportation, as well as immunity reduction induced by these stress.
• induction mechanism of mastitis is rather complicated due to the above plural factors' involvement and this makes its treatment difficult.
• Mastitis includes systemic symptoms such as fever and activity reduction; clinical mastitis with apparent symptoms such as mammary disorder, milk disorder, and microbial infection; and latent mastitis, where milk disorder that accompanies the reduction of milk secretion, particularly, abnormal milk in which somatic cells are secreted, and latent mastitis where microbial infection is observed.
• mastitis is generally treated by administering antibiotics and hormones, and various other therapeutic methods have been proposed (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2001-213784 and 2003-171291 ). Since these antibiotics and hormones, however, may vary in their effects depending on infection sources and possibly induce drug resistant microbes or cause immunity reduction, and tractable mastitis could possibly be changed into intractable one. Increasing drug resistant microbes is not preferable in view of public health and actually there has not yet been established any sufficiently effective therapy for mastitis including latent mastitis. As described above, mastitis is a disease that causes economically serious damage because it is frequently found in dairy cows and may lower milk secretion or even stop milking. Mammals including humans in milk are rather susceptible to mastitis and therefore a feasible, effective prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for mammalian mastitis has been desired.
• an oral administration of a relatively small amount of a homo- or hetero-interferon (may be abbreviated as "IFN", hereinafter) effectively treats diseases of warm-blooded animals including mammals and fowls, etc., such as dairy cows/cattle, cats/felines, pigs/swine, rats, mice, and hens/cocks (see, for example, United States Patent No. 5910304 , Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 340549/94 , and " Clinical study and microorganisms", edited by Jeseph M. Cummins and William E. Stewart II, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 631-635 (1991 ).
• IFN homo- or hetero-interferon
• the present invention has a first object to provide an agent for treating mastitis, which exerts a distinct effect when administered through a convenient administration route such as oral administration, nasal administration, injection, or intramammary infusion, imposes little labor or burden to care workers and little economical load on owners, and has scarce risk in administering to animals; and has a second object to provide a method for treating mastitis by using the agent.
• the present inventors have researched on methods for preventing and treating mastitis by using IFNs for a long time.
• HuIFNs particularly, HuIFN- ⁇ preparations are effective on preventing and treating mastitis in mammals including humans; and among such HuIFN- ⁇ preparations, those which contain at least 10% of HuIFN subtype ⁇ 8 to the total amount of HuIFN- ⁇ activity exert a distinct effect.
• IFNs derived from animals susceptible to mastitis exert a distinct prophylactic and therapeutic effect on such animals' mastitis, and established an agent for treating mastitis and a method for treating such disease by using the agent.
• the present invention solves the above objects by providing an agent for treating mastitis, which contains IFN(s).
• the agent for treating mammalian mastitis which contains IFN(s) as an effective ingredient, and the method for treating mastitis using the agent according to the present invention exert a distinct effect on its prevention, improvement, and complete curing (all of which may be called as "treatment”, hereinafter) of clinical symptoms of mastitis.
• the IFN preparations usable in the present invention have a relatively high therapeutic effect on mammalian mastitis usually with only a distinctly low dose of about 0.005 to 5,000 international units (IU) per kg body weight of a mammal to be treated.
• IFNs exert distinct therapeutic effects on mammalian mastitis independently of oral or parenteral administration route.
• the animals to be administered with the agent of the present invention include mammalian animals (may be abbreviated as "animals", hereinafter); animals susceptible to mastitis such as humans, dairy cows/bovines, horses/equines, pigs/swine, cats/felines, and dogs/canines, particularly, and dairy cows forced to secrete excessive amount of milk by milking.
• the agent of the present invention can be administered not only to the above animals for the purpose of treating mastitis but also to preclinical animals to prevent the onset of such disease.
• mastitis as referred to as in the present invention means inflammation generated in mammalian mammae and it includes human mastadenitis.
• mastitis with reference to dairy cows which are highly susceptible to such disease at a quite high frequency of morbidity rate, the disease is directly induced as a result of intrabreast infection with microorganisms which consist mainly of bacteria existing on the body surface of dairy cows and environment where they grow, or various physicochemical factors such as stimulations by suckling.
• mastitis in dairy cows are induced by bacteria which exist in infected milk, wounds of mamillae, wounds of human hands and foots, etc.; infectious bacteria transmittable to herds, such as Staphylococcus aureus and agalactous Streptococcus; and environmental microorganisms, usually existing in the body surface, spreading materials, and feces, such as Staphylococcus other than Staphylococcus aureus, environmental Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli.
• mastitis may be induced by immunity reduction depending on stress, particularly, heat stress frequently found in summer, and other stress of long-distance transportation. Mastitis may be transient in some cases but most of which are hard to cure completely and which may be changed into chronic ones.
• Symptoms of these mastitis are systemic ones such as fever and spiritual reduction (peracute period or acute period), breast abnormality (peracute period or chronic period), milk disorder (peracute period or chronic period), clinical mastitis observed with microbial infection, and other milk disorders with no such clinical symptoms as mentioned above, particularly, latent mastitis where abnormal milk in which a number of somatic cells are secreted or microbial infection is observed. In the case of latent mastitis, reduction of milk production and secretion of abnormal milk will occur.
• the agent for treating mastitis of the present invention can be used in treating mastitis with the above-identified symptoms induced by the above factors. Also the agent exerts a remarkable effect on intractable mastitis which has not been effectively cured or sufficiently cured with antibiotics or hormones.
• any IFNs can be used in the agent for treating mammalian mastitis of the present invention independently of their origins and preparation methods as long as they have a therapeutic effect on mastitis of animals to be treated.
• any IFNs can be used as effective ingredients after purifying in conventional manner either natural IFNs produced by cells derived from animals to be treated or recombinant IFNs produced by microorganisms, animal cells, plant cells, animals, or plants into which IFN-related-genes collected from the animal cells have been introduced.
• IFNs examples include those which have animo acid sequences of natural IFNs; and any other IFNs as long as they have a therapeutic effect on mammalian mastitis, such as those which have an additional partial amino acids, a defective partial amino acid, or a replaced partial amino acid in the amino acid sequences of natural IFNs; and those which have a consensus sequence introduced with active parts of IFN subtypes.
• IFNs can be freely used as effective ingredients in the agent for treating mastitis of the present invention.
• chemically-modified IFNs such as gradually degradable IFNs coupled with high molecules such as polyethylene glycol, can be used.
• IFNs are mainly classified into three kinds and two types; type I IFN (IFN- ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ (may be called IFN- ⁇ / ⁇ depending on the types of animals)), and type II IFN (IFN- ⁇ ). Although these IFNs have a somewhat different therapeutic effect on mastitis, any of which can be used in the present invention. Other IFN called interferon-tau can be used.
• IFN- ⁇ has subtypes and one or more of which can be arbitrarily used in combination.
• IFNs preferably used are any of the above-identified IFNs with a highest possible level of specific activity.
• those which are free of pyrogen are particularly desirable.
• preparations containing HuIFN- ⁇ subtype ⁇ 8 (called “subtype ⁇ 8", hereinafter) in an amount of at least 10% to the total HuIFN- ⁇ activity are preferable, and those which contain HuIFN- ⁇ with subtype ⁇ 8 and HuIFN- ⁇ subtype ⁇ 2 (called “subtype ⁇ 2", hereinafter) in an amount with an activity ratio of 1:9 to 10:0 are more preferable because of their strong therapeutic effect. Further, those which contain HuIFN- ⁇ with subtypes ⁇ 8 and ⁇ 2 in an amount with an activity ratio of 2:8 to 4:6 are more particularly desirable because of their distinctly strong therapeutic effect.
• HuIFN- ⁇ derived from BALL-1 cells which contains subtype ⁇ 8 in an amount of about 25% activity to the total HuIFN- ⁇ activity and contains subtypes ⁇ 8 and ⁇ 2 in a quite-well balanced activity ratio of 1:3 in terms of their specific activities, gave the most superior therapeutic effect in practicing the present invention.
• a combination use of HuIFN- ⁇ and human IFN- ⁇ or human IFN- ⁇ was also confirmed that the therapeutic effect of HuIFN- ⁇ is synergistically enhanced.
• the agent for treating mastitis of the present invention includes preparations in the form of IFN(s) alone or a composition containing IFN(s) and other physiologically and pharmaceutically acceptable materials such as carriers, excipients, diluents, stabilizers, gradually releasing agents, and emulsifiers; and optionally antipyretics, anti-inflamatories, antiseptics, antiviral agents, hormones, immunomodulators, digesters, nutrients, feeds, etc.
• the agent of the present invention can be also in the form of a medicament in a single dose unit, which means a medicament containing IFN as an effective ingredient in an amount of, for example, a daily dose, a several-fold dose of the daily dose multiplied by integers up to four, or a divisor of the daily dose up to 1/4, and which has a physically separable form suitable for objective administration.
• a single dose unit which means a medicament containing IFN as an effective ingredient in an amount of, for example, a daily dose, a several-fold dose of the daily dose multiplied by integers up to four, or a divisor of the daily dose up to 1/4, and which has a physically separable form suitable for objective administration.
• single agents consisting of respective types of IFNs and/or subtypes of IFN- ⁇ can be used in combination
• two or more types of IFNs can be used after mixed into a single agent, or the above agents can be arbitrarily used in combination.
• Examples of the above-identified agents include powders, orally administrable gel agents, granules, liquids, tablets, capsules, sublingual formulations, injections, and orally administrable film preparations.
• powders and granules can be arbitrarily used after dissolving in distilled water, physiological saline, milk, substitutes for milk, etc.
• the agent exerts the desired prophylactic and/or therapeutic effects independently of its oral or parenteral administration route.
• the agent is usually administered to an animal at a dose of about 0.005 to 5,000 IU/dose/kg body weight, preferably, about 0.05 to 500 IU/dose/kg body weight, and more preferably, about 0.1 to 50 IU/dose/kg body weight, and at a frequency of one to three times a day or one to six times a week for one day to six months.
• the use and dose thereof are employed in accordance with the case of using HuIFN.
• suitable assays for IFNs may vary to some extent depending on their origins of animal species, however, the activity of IFNs can be assayed using systems, where IFNs inhibit cytopathic effect by viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) on mouse L 929 cells, rat XC cells, or bovine MDBK cells, and converting the assayed activity based on conventional IFN standard specimens derived from the same or related animals which produce the IFNs.
• VSV vesicular stomatitis virus
• the assayed data can be optionally converted based on HuIFN international standard specimens using cells susceptible to both testing IFNs of humans and animals.
• the activity of IFNs can be calculated by converting the assayed data in terms of respective conventional animal IFN standard specimens, based on the weight of IFN protein determined on enzyme immunoassay, etc.
• the activity of HuIFN is expressed by assaying the level of HuIFN that inhibits the cytopathic effect by VSV on FL cells using the microliter technique, and converting the assayed data into those which are determined in terms of international units based on "Ga23-901-532", an international HuIFN standard specimen available from the World Health Organization.
• the agent for treating mastitis of the present invention orally or nasally can be prepared into products in an orally or transnasally administrable form, such as powders, touches, granules, liquids, tablets, sublingual formulations, feeds, etc.; and administered intact or optionally administered in a usual manner into oral cavity, nasal cavity, esophagus, or stomach after mixed with and dissolved in feeds, milk, substitutes for milk, etc., by using appropriate administration aids such as oral administration tools, sprays, and stomach sounds.
• an orally or transnasally administrable form such as powders, touches, granules, liquids, tablets, sublingual formulations, feeds, etc.
• administered intact or optionally administered in a usual manner into oral cavity, nasal cavity, esophagus, or stomach after mixed with and dissolved in feeds, milk, substitutes for milk, etc., by using appropriate administration aids such as oral administration tools, sprays, and stomach sounds.
• the injections according to the present invention can be administered intrasubcutaneously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravascularly (i.e., venous or arterial administration), intramammary (including injection from papillae), or peritoneally.
• the agent for treating mastitis of the present invention can be arbitrarily applied to subjects using any of the above-identified agents and administration routes in an appropriate combination.
• oral administration has the merit that it can be easily applied to dairy cows/cattle and pigs/swine, as well as humans, and even in breeding and stock farms.
• an accurate amount of IFN in a prescribed amount it can be preferably administered intravascularly, intradermally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly.
• the agent for treating mastitis of the present invention can be also used as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for IFN susceptive diseases of animals in general including dairy cows/cattle and pigs/swine; infectious diseases or loss of body weight induced by stress during transportation, etc.; and for growth promoting agents used in neonatal period, lactation period, and the following fattening phase.
• the use and dose of the agent can be chosen in accordance with the case as in the treatment of mastitis with the agent.
• a purified specimen of HuIFN- ⁇ derived from BALL-1 cells (may be abbreviated as "BALL-1 IFN, hereinafter"), having a specific activity of 2 x 10 8 IU/mg protein
• BALL-1 IFN a purified specimen of HuIFN- ⁇ derived from BALL-1 cells
• purified specimens of a recombinant subtype ⁇ 8 with a specific activity of 2 x 10 8 IU/mg protein and a recombinant subtype ⁇ 2 with a specific activity of 7 x 10 7 IU/mg protein were respectively prepared.
• HuIFN- ⁇ induced by allowing Sendai virus (HVJ) to act on leukocytes isolated from human peripheral blood (may be abbreviated as "leukocyte IFN, hereinafter") was purified in accordance with the method disclosed by K. Cantell et al., in The Journal of General Virology, Vol. 39, pp. 541-543 (1978 ) to obtain a partially purified leukocyte IFN with a specific activity of 2 x 10 6 IU/mg protein.
• the partially purified HuIFN was further purified on antibody column chromatography using an anti-HuIFN- ⁇ monoclonal antibody similarly as in the later described Example 1, and applied to gel filtration chromatography, which had been equilibrated with a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing about 0.1 mg/ml of human albumin to obtain a solution of purified leukocyte IFN with a specific activity of 2 x 10 8 IU/mg protein.
• a phosphate buffer pH 7.0
• the BALL-1 IFN specimen prepared in Experiment 1 was prepared into four types of powdered HuIFN- ⁇ preparations containing 4, 200, 2,000 or 40,000 TU/g of BALL-1 IFN using, as an excipient, "FINETOSE", a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan.
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan.
• the remaining 10 heads were orally administered with 1.5 g of the anhydrous crystalline maltose and the number of somatic cells in milk in each cow was counted similarly as in the group administered with HuIFN- ⁇ preparations.
• the mean values for the numbers of somatic cells in milk of the groups with HuIFN- ⁇ preparations and of the control group were calculated at respective measurement days, and the percentage (%) of increased/decreased number of somatic cells were calculated by dividing the number of somatic cells in milk on 6th, 9th, and 14th days after delivery in each group with the number of somatic cells before nonlacting day in each corresponding group, and multiplying the resulting respective numerals by 100 times.
• the numbers of somatic cells in milk of the postpartum cows increased in a time dependent manner compared with those of the cows before nonlacting day, and it was observed the onset of mastitis or its aggravation accompanied by delivery and the following lactation. While in the groups administered with any of the HuIFN- ⁇ preparations at a dose of 0.01, 0.5, 5 or 100 IU/kg body weight, the numbers of somatic cells in milk of the postpartum cows decreased in a time dependent manner compared with those of the cows before nonlacting day.
• recombinant subtypes ⁇ 8 and ⁇ 2 seven types of powdered preparations, containing the recombinant subtypes ⁇ 8 and ⁇ 2 in an activity ratio of 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 4:6, 2:8, 1:9, or 0:10, were prepared.
• the remaining 10 heads were orally administered with 1.5 g of the anhydrous crystalline maltose once a day from the administration initiation day (1st day) through the following 5 days.
• the group administered with either of the leukocyte IFN or the recombinant subtype ⁇ 2 alone gave only an effectiveness of as low as 40%, while the group administered with the recombinant subtypes ⁇ 8 and ⁇ 2 in an activity ratio of 1:9 to 10:0 gave a higher effectiveness than that with the leukocyte IFN or the recombinant subtype ⁇ 2 alone.
• the following experiment was carried out to examine the influence of the dose of IFN on mastitis in cows using the BALL-1 IFN preparation that had marked the highest therapeutic effect on mastitis.
• the BALL-1 IFN preparation which had been prepared in Experiment 1, was processed into nine types of powdered HuIFN preparations containing 0.2, 2, 20, 40, 200, 20,000, 200,000, 2,000,000 or 20,000,000 IU/g of BALL-1 IFN using, as an excipient, anhydrous crystalline maltose.
• the remaining 10 heads were orally administered with 1.5 g of anhydrous crystalline maltose once a day from the administration initiation day (1st day) through the following 5 days.
• the HuIFN- ⁇ preparation can treat mastitis at a dose of 0.005 to 5,000 IU/kg body weight/dose, and a desired therapeutic effect will be exerted at a dose of 0.05 to 5,000 IU/kg body weight/dose, preferably, at a dose of 0.05 to 500 IU/kg body weight/dose, and more preferably, at a dose of 0.1 to 50 IU/kg body weight/dose.
• Twenty Holsteins as subjects about 600 kg body weight/head, 3 to 6 years of age, were randomly divided into two groups consisting of 10 heads per group, and one group of which was orally administered with the above HuIFN- ⁇ preparation at a dose of about 1.5 g/head, which corresponds to a dose of 0.5 IU/kg body weight/dose, once a day from the day of administration initiation (1st day) through the following 5 days.
• the remaining group was orally administered with 1.5 g of anhydrous crystalline maltose once a day from the day of administration initiation (1st day) through the following 5 days.
• Sendai virus HVJ was allowed to act on BALL-1 cells, which had been proliferated in hamsters, in a culture medium to induce HuIFN- ⁇ .
• the resulting culture was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant which was then concentrated.
• the concentrate was applied to affinity chromatography using phenyl sepharose to obtain a partially purified HuIFN- ⁇ with a specific activity of about 10 6 IU/mg protein.
• the partially purified HuIFN- ⁇ was then further purified on affinity chromatography using an antibody column, where an anti-HuIFN- ⁇ monoclonal antibody binds to a water-soluble carrier, and applied to gel filtration chromatography which had been equilibrated with phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing about 0.1 mg/ml of gelatin to obtain a BALL-1 IFN solution containing a purified HuIFN- ⁇ with a specific activity of about 2 x 10 8 IU/mg protein.
• phosphate buffer pH 7.0
• the solution of a purified HuIFN- ⁇ derived from BALL-1 cells thus prepared was concentrated with a membrane up to give a concentration of about 5 mg protein per milliliter, and the concentrate was diluted with a physiological saline containing 1% (w/v) of gelatin and 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to give a concentration of 300 IU/ml of HuIFN- ⁇ , and sterilized by membrane filtration.
• One milliliter aliquots of the resulting filtrate were aseptically injected into vials and lyophilized.
• the product contains a purified HuIFN- ⁇ derived from BALL-1 cells and it is useful as an injection for treating mastitis in animals including cows.
• the product incorporated with the purified recombinant subtypes ⁇ 8 and ⁇ 2 as effective ingredients is slightly inferior to the injection in Example 1 with respect to therapeutic effect and side effect, it is useful as an injection for treating mastitis of animals including cows.
• a purified BALL-1 IFN which had been prepared similarly as in Example 1 by allowing Sendai virus (HVJ) to act on BALL-1 cells, was diluted with a physiological saline containing 3% (w/v) of gelatin and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to give a concentration of 1,000 IU/ml of HuIFN- ⁇ .
• the diluent was sterilized by membrane filtration, and one milliliter aliquots of the resulting filtrate were injected into vials and lyophilized.
• the product contains a purified HuIFN- ⁇ derived from BALL-1 cells and it is useful as an injection for treating mastitis in animals to be treated.
• Mannitol was dissolved in distilled water to give a concentration of 2% (w/v), followed by adding to the resultant a solution, containing a partially purified HuIFN- ⁇ derived from BALL-1 cells prepared by the method in Example 1, to obtain a HuIFN- ⁇ solution containing 75 IU of HuIFN- ⁇ per one gram of the solution.
• the product which contains HuIFN- ⁇ derived from BALL-1 cells as an effective ingredient, has an adequate oral retention time and it is an easily swallowable, oral gel preparation for treating mastitis in animals suffering from such disease.
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan
• HuIFN- ⁇ a purified HuIFN- ⁇ having a specific activity of about 10 8 IU/ml and derived from BALL-1 cells, which had been obtained by the method in Example 1, dried in vacuo, pulverized, and sieved to obtain a powdered product with a particle size of 100 to 500 ⁇ .
• the powdered product was mixed to homogeneity with an adequate amount of "FINETOSE” to obtain a spray containing about 300 IU/g of HuIFN- ⁇ .
• the product which has an adequate oral retention time and an improved storage stability, is useful as an agent for treating mastitis in animals. Since the product has a preferable sweetness and a lesser stimulation even when administered to animals' oral cavities, it is an easily swallowable spray for animals to be treated.
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan
• the resulting mixture was tabletted by a tabletting machine to obtain a granule.
• the product which contains about 250 IU/g of HuIFN- ⁇ and has an improved storage stability, is useful as a powder for treating mastitis in animals.
• the product is an easily swallowable granule for animals to be treated because it has an adequate sweetness without substantially inducing stimulation even when administered to their oral cavities.
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan
• a solution which had been prepared by dissolving "IFN ⁇ injection 6,000,000 I.U.” a product name of a commercialized HuIFN- ⁇ preparation containing about 100 IU/g of HuIFN- ⁇ , commercialized by Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, in one milliliter of distilled water, and the resulting mixture was dried in vacuo, pulverized, and sieved to obtain a powdered product with a particle size of 100 to 500 ⁇ .
• the powdered product was mixed to homogeneity with an adequate amount of "FINETOSE” to obtain a powder containing about 100 IU/g of HuIFN- ⁇ .
• the pigs were orally administered with 10 I.U./kg body weight of the HuIFN- ⁇ preparation for seven days, resulting in exhibiting an efficaciousness of about 47%.
• the product was judged to have a therapeutic effect on mastitis because of its significantly high efficaciousness compared with that for the group with no administration, consisting of 20 pigs and having an efficaciousness of 5%.
• the pigs were orally administered for seven days with 5 I.U./kg body weight of the HuIFN- ⁇ preparation and 10 IU/kg body weight of the 200 IU/g of the recombinant subtype ⁇ 8 preparation, which had been prepared in Experiment 4, resulting in exhibiting an efficaciousness of 50%.
• a combination use of the product and the recombinant subtype ⁇ 8 preparation was judged to have a therapeutic effect on mastitis in pigs because of its significantly high efficaciousness compared with the efficaciousness of 40% for the group, consisting of 20 pigs administered with 15 IU/kg body weight of the recombinant subtype ⁇ 8 preparation, and the efficaciousness of 10% for the group, consisting of 10 pigs with no administration.
• the product has an adequate oral retention time and an improved storage stability.
• HuIFN- ⁇ preparation is useful as an agent for treating mastitis in pigs and, when used in combination with a HuIFN- ⁇ preparation, the HuIFN- ⁇ preparation augments the therapeutic effect of the HuIFN- ⁇ preparation.
• the product is an easily swallowable powder for animals to be treated because it has an adequate sweetness and a lesser stimulation even when administered to their oral cavities.
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan
• FINETOSE a product name of a lyophilized recombinant feline IFN preparation produced by Toray Industries Inc., Tokyo, Japan
• the resulting mixture was dried in vacuo, pulverized, and sieved into a powdered product with a particle size of 100 to 500 ⁇ .
• the powdered product was mixed to homogeneity with an adequate amount of "FINETOSE” to obtain a powder
• the product has an adequate oral retention time and an improved storage stability and it is useful as an agent for treating mastitis in felines.
• the product is an easily swallowable powder for animals to be treated because it has an adequate sweetness and a lesser stimulation even when administered to their oral cavities.
• leukocytes which had been separated from peripheral blood of a cow were subjected to the action of Sendai virus (HVJ) to induce a bovine IFN- ⁇ , followed by purifying the IFN- ⁇ to obtain a specimen with a specific activity of 1 x 10 7 IU/mg protein.
• HVJ Sendai virus
• FINETOSE a product name of anhydrous crystalline maltose commercialized by Hayashibara Shoji Inc., Okayama, Japan
• the powdered product was further mixed to homogeneity with an adequate amount of "FINETOSE” to obtain a powder containing about 200 IU/g of the bovine IFN- ⁇ .
• the activity of bovine IFN- ⁇ of the product was determined by using MTT assay to measure the inhibitory level of the IFN- ⁇ against the cytopathicity of MDBK cells, derived from bovine kidney, by Sindbis virus, and converting the measured inhibitory level into a value of "international unit" determined based on an international standard of HuIFN- ⁇ .
• the product has an adequate oral retention time and an improved storage stability and it is useful as an agent for treating mastitis in animals including cows.
• the product is an easily swallowable powder for animals because it has an adequate sweetness and a lesser stimulation even when administered to their oral cavities.
• the IFNs incorporated as effective ingredients in the agent for treating mastitis of the present invention exert a distinct effect on mastitis in animals with only a small amount thereof and such a low dose administration will largely reduce the economical load on their owners.
• the agent of the present invention will exert a desired effect even when administered orally or parenterally such as intradermally, subcutaneously, and intramuscularly other than intravascular administration route. Because of this, a prescribed amount of HuIFN can be surely and easily administered even to nervous, highly-cautious animals, and this will reduce labor/burden on care workers such as doctors and veterinarians.
• the agent of the present invention exerts a distinct therapeutic effect on mastitis including intractable one in dairy cows and it will highly reduce economical loss induced by mastitis.
• the present invention with such outstanding effects is a significant invention that will greatly contribute to the medical and livestock fields.

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