Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
  • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
  • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
  • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
  • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
  • H01H2033/907—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using tandem pistons, e.g. several compression volumes being modified in conjunction or sequential
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
  • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
  • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
  • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
  • H01H33/91—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a dual-chamber compression-breaking chamber and a power circuit breaker comprising such a current-breaking chamber.
• Circuit breakers using a said arc chute to "self ⁇ blow" perform a compression with a dielectric gas, for blowing an arc which forms between the arcing contacts during a power cut-off operation, or operation opening of the circuit breaker.
• the compression is generally performed by an operating member, which may be a spring mechanism coupled to a motor, actuating a movable part, such as a piston, in the breaking chamber.
• These circuit breakers also utilize the energy provided by the arc as heat, thereby decreasing the external power consumption compared to conventional gas compression circuit breakers.
• the purpose of the present invention is to provide a breaking chamber, used in particular in a power circuit breaker, for cutting currents as strong as weak, while avoiding unnecessarily increasing the external energy consumption by the device. maneuver, whatever the duration of the arc.
• the present invention proposes a current-breaking chamber, which can be used in a circuit-breaker, filled with a dielectric fluid comprising a movable assembly moving axially between a start position and an end position of a cut-off operation. current, or opening operation of the circuit breaker.
• the moving assembly comprises at least a first compression chamber whose volume decreases between the opening operation opening position of the circuit breaker and a compression end position of the first chamber, at least a first arcing contact, intended to cooperate with a second arcing contact, the two arcing contacts being axially movable relative to each other.
• the movable assembly also comprises at least a second compression chamber, communicating at a first end with the first compression chamber, the volume of which decreases between the starting position of maneuver, that is to say the starting position of circuit breaker opening operation, and the end-of-circuit breaker opening operation position, for injecting dielectric fluid into the first compression chamber, between an open position of the circuit breaker, and first chamber and the end position of opening operation of the circuit breaker, when the pressure in the first compression chamber is lower than the pressure in the second compression chamber.
• the compression end position of the first chamber is reached before the end of the circuit breaker opening operation position, and a compression end position of the second chamber is reached after the compression end position of the first chamber.
• At least one second compression chamber is added relative to the known devices.
• the cooperation between the two compression chambers makes it possible, during a strong power failure, to retain the advantages of a reduced compression stroke produced by the first compression chamber, and during a power failure. low, to achieve this cut without unnecessarily increasing the external energy consumption, mechanical or hydraulic, regardless of the duration of the arc and especially when the arc duration is long.
• the second compression chamber makes it possible to maintain the blowing of the arc, initially produced by the first compression chamber, for the duration of the arc. arc, and that avoiding excessive external energy consumption through the use of the energy provided by the arc during the entire duration of the blowing.
• the power cutoff chamber includes a thermal expansion volume for blowing of the bow and two compression volumes.
• the first compression chamber is rapidly put under overpressure using the displacement of the arcing contacts during a first part only of the total stroke of the moving assembly.
• the compression in the first chamber is therefore performed during a reduced compression stroke, allowing a rapid increase in pressure, and involving blowing performance higher than those devices whose compression is performed during the entire displacement stroke.
• the second compression chamber intervenes if necessary to contribute to the end-of-stroke blow-out of the arcing contacts.
• the use of the breaking chamber according to the invention in a circuit breaker makes it possible to use operating members comprising a spring mechanism requiring little energy.
• the second compression chamber can communicate with the first compression chamber via at least one valve, for example a one-way valve.
• the current-breaking chamber may comprise at least a first tubular element forming the first compression chamber.
• the first compression chamber may comprise at a first end a cooperating nozzle with the second arcing contact for channeling gas from said first compression chamber.
• the nozzle and the second arcing contact can cooperate to close the first compression chamber at its first end.
• the current interruption chamber may include at least one piston closing the first compression chamber at a second end.
• the current interruption chamber may also comprise means immobilizing the piston between the opening operation opening position of the circuit breaker and the compression end position of the first chamber. Thus, by remaining stationary between these two positions, the piston reduces the volume of the first compression chamber and thus compresses the dielectric fluid present in the first compression chamber.
• the means immobilizing the piston may comprise at least one housing for receiving a stop, for example a ball, connected to the piston.
• the current cut-off chamber may also comprise means axially displacing the piston with the moving assembly between the compression end position of the first chamber and the end-of-circuit opening position of the circuit breaker.
• the power failure chamber may comprise means for dislodging the stop of the blocking housing between the end position of compression of the first chamber and the end position of opening operation of the circuit breaker.
• the means for dislodging the stop may comprise at least one housing for receiving the stop.
• the current breaking chamber may comprise at least two second coaxial tubular elements forming the second compression chamber.
• the current interruption chamber may include means closing the second compression chamber at a second end.
• These means closing the second compression chamber may be fixed, such at least one sleeve or at least one filling valve and at least one discharge valve, or movable, such at least one piston cooperable with at least one spring.
• the current cutoff chamber may comprise at least one partition dividing the first compression chamber into at least two volumes, the partition being provided with at least one valve, for example a unidirectional valve, allowing communication between the two volumes.
• This arrangement reduces the size of the diameter of the active part of the circuit breaker, which is advantageous for air-insulated devices (with insulator) or metal enclosure.
• the dielectric fluid may be a dielectric gas, for example sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), dry air, carbon dioxide [CO 2 ] or a gaseous mixture.
• the current interruption chamber may comprise means displacing the second arcing contact in a direction opposite to the movement of the moving assembly during the opening operation of the circuit breaker. In this case, it will be a chamber with double movement of contacts.
• FIGS. 1A to 1C represent a current-breaking chamber, object of the present invention, according to a first embodiment, at various stages of a circuit-breaker opening operation
• FIGS. 2A to 2C show a breaking chamber. of current, object of the present invention, according to a second embodiment, at different stages of a circuit breaker opening operation
• FIGS. 3A to 3D show a current-breaking chamber, object of the present invention, according to a third embodiment, at various stages of a circuit-breaker opening operation
• FIGS. 4A and 4B show a breaking chamber.
• current, object of the present invention, according to a fourth embodiment FIG. 5 represents a power circuit breaker, also object of the present invention, comprising a current breaking chamber according to the invention.
• Identical, similar or equivalent parts of the various figures described below bear the same numerical references of to facilitate the passage from one figure to another.
• FIG. 1A shows a current breaking chamber 1, object of the present invention, according to a first embodiment.
• the interrupting chamber 1 is in the engaged position, that is to say in the position in which the interrupting chamber 1 is at the beginning of a power failure operation, that is to say at the beginning of an opening operation of the circuit breaker.
• the breaking chamber 1 comprises a casing 2 filled with a dielectric fluid 3, here a dielectric gas, under pressure.
• This gas 3 may for example be sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), dry air, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or a gaseous mixture.
• the dielectric fluid could also be a plasma.
• the breaking chamber 1 comprises a first tubular element 4 forming a first compression chamber 5.
• This first compression chamber 5 is closed at a first end by a piston 6 and comprises at a second end a nozzle 21.
• the breaking chamber 1 also has first and second contacts 8, 7, movable relative to each other along an axis AA. In this figure, the second arc contact 7 cooperates with the nozzle 21 to close the first compression chamber 5 at its second end.
• the first arcing contact 8 is movable and the second arcing contact 7 is fixed.
• the first arcing contact 8, here integrated in the piston 6, is disposed inside the first compression chamber 5.
• the breaking chamber 1 comprises at least two second tubular elements 11, 12, coaxial with respect to the axis AA.
• the two second tubular elements 11, 12 are part of the piston 6.
• the space between the two second tubular elements 11, 12 forms a second compression chamber 13.
• the volume of the second chamber of 13 is about three times smaller than that of the first compression chamber 5.
• the second compression chamber 13 communicates with the first compression chamber 5, at a first end, with at least one valve 14, here a unidirectional valve.
• This valve 14 opens only when the pressure in the second compression chamber 13 is greater than that in the first compression chamber 5.
• the second compression chamber 13 is closed at a second end by at least one filling valve 15 and at least one relief valve 16.
• the relief valve 16 functions as a pressure regulating valve: if the pressure in the second chamber of compression 13 exceeds a certain threshold but remains lower than that prevailing in the first compression chamber 5, the valve 14 then remaining closed, the discharge valve 16 evacuates the overpressure of the second compression chamber 13.
• This discharge valve 16 is used when the current to be cut is strong and / or that the arc duration is long, that is to say when the blowing made by the first compression chamber 5 is sufficient to extinguish the arc.
• the filling valve 15 is used after the circuit breaker opening operation so that gas 3 can enter the second compression chamber 13 when the interrupting chamber 1 returns to the engaged position.
• the interrupting chamber 1 also comprises permanent contacts 17, 18 circulating the current when the interrupting chamber 1 is in the engaged position. Like the arcing contacts 7, 8, the permanent contacts 17, 18 are axially movable relative to each other along the axis AA. In the three embodiments described, only the contact 18, forming part of the first tubular element 4, is movable.
• the cutting chamber 1 also comprises a tube 30.
• a first end of the tube 30 is connected to the first tubular element 4 via a rod 9 disposed perpendicularly to the tube 30.
• a third tubular element 20, connected to the piston 6 and wherein is disposed the tube 30, is traversed by the rod 9.
• the arc contact 8, the first compression chamber 5, the second compression chamber 13, the piston 6, the 30, the rod 9 and the third tubular member 20 form a movable assembly 10 adapted to be moved along the axis AA in the casing 2 during the circuit breaker opening operation, or the current-breaking operation.
• FIG. 1B shows the breaking chamber 1 according to the first embodiment in the compression end position of the first compression chamber 5.
• all the elements of the moving assembly 10 except the piston 6 and the third tubular element 20 have been moved along the axis AA by means of maneuver, not shown, connected to a second end of the tube 30.
• the transition from the starting position of operation of circuit breaker opening at the compression end position of the first compression chamber 5 is called the first part of the circuit breaker opening operation or the power failure operation.
• the displacement of the first tubular element 4 reduces the volume of the first compression chamber 5 because the piston 6 remains stationary, thus increasing the pressure inside the first chamber 5.
• First means immobilize the piston 6 during this first part of the opening circuit breaker operation.
• these first means are at least one fixed housing 27 intended to receive at least one stop 25 connected to the piston 6 via the third tubular element 20.
• the abutment 25 is a ball inserted in a wall of the third tubular element 20.
• the rod 9, driven by the tube 30, moves in a groove 19 formed in the third tubular element 20, thereby leaving the third tubular element 20 and the piston 6 stationary.
• the axial displacement stroke achieved during this first part of the circuit-breaker opening operation represents between about one-third and one-half. the stroke of the total axial displacement during a breaker opening operation.
• the permanent contacts 17, 18 are no longer in contact with each other, unlike the arcing contacts 7, 8 which are always in contact with each other. Therefore, in the compression end position of the first compression chamber 5, the current passes only through the arcing contacts 7, 8. The arcing contacts 7, 8 therefore remain in contact during the entire compression phase. of the first chamber 5.
• second means make it possible to make the piston 6 movable.
• these second means comprise at least one housing 31 made in the tube 30, for exiting the ball 25 from the housing 27 and thus no longer blocking the movement of the third tubular element 20 and the piston 6.
• Figure IC represents the breaking chamber 1, according to the first embodiment, in breaker opening operation end position, corresponding to a compression end position of the second compression chamber 13.
• FIG. 1B In this position, with respect to the position shown in FIG. 1B, all elements of the assembly mobile 10 have been moved along the AA axis.
• the transition from the compression end position of the first compression chamber to the compression end position of the second compression chamber 13 is called the second part of the power failure operation or the opening operation of the breaker.
• the displacement of the rod 9 causes the piston 6 to move axially via the third tubular element 20.
• the displacement of the piston 6 reduces the volume of the second chamber 13, thereby increasing the pressure inside the second chamber 13.
• the energy necessary for the displacement of the moving assembly 10 is much lower during this second part of the circuit breaker opening operation than during the compression of the first chamber 5.
• the filling valve 15 and the flap discharge 16 are fixed.
• an arc is formed between the two arcing contacts 7, 8 when they are no longer in contact with each other.
• Arc contacts 7, 8 are separated from each other after the end of the compression of the first chamber 5.
• the interrupting chamber 1 passes through an open position of the first compression chamber 5. This position is reached when the nozzle 21 no longer cooperates with the arc contact 7 to close the first compression chamber 5.
• the arc formed between the arc contacts 7 and 8 then passes through the nozzle 21. The arc blowing occurs when the arc contact 7 no longer cooperates with the nozzle 21 to close the first compression chamber.
• the pressure created in the first compression chamber 5 causes a blow of the volume of gas contained in the first chamber 5 to the casing 2 through the nozzle 21.
• the blowing is carried out by a volume of gas having a high density because the compression of the first chamber 5 is completed before the separation of the arc contacts 7, 8, thus improving the breaking performance with respect to a compression of the first chamber which would only be partially achieved at the time of separation of the arcing contacts 7, 8.
• the blowing performed by the first compression chamber 5 is sufficient to extinguish the arc.
• the discharge valve 16 makes it possible to evacuate any positive pressure created in the second compression chamber 13 during the circuit breaker opening operation.
• the duration of the arc is long, and the value of the current is low, that is to say less than about 60% of the default value, the energy brought by the arc is insufficient. so that the blowing created by the first compression chamber 5 extinguishes the arc.
• the arc is therefore always present after the decompression of the gas present in the first chamber 5.
• the pressure in the first compression chamber 5 is then lower than that in the second compression chamber 13, which causes the opening of the valve 14. Gas is then blown from the second compression chamber 13, and this continuous blowing until the moving assembly 10 reaches the end of stroke or the arc goes out.
• FIG. 2A represents a current breaking chamber 1 according to the invention according to a second embodiment.
• the interrupting chamber 1 is in the starting position of the circuit breaker opening operation, or of the circuit breaker opening operation.
• the first compression chamber 5 here comprises two volumes 5a, 5b.
• the first volume 5a is the one in which compression is performed by the piston 6 during the first part of the circuit breaker opening operation.
• the two volumes 5a, 5b are separated by a wall 22 provided with at least one valve unidirectional 23 opening only when the pressure in the first volume 5a is greater than that of the volume 5b.
• the pressure increases similarly in the second volume 5b.
• the first compression chamber 5 is here formed by the first tubular element 4, which produces the second volume 5b, and the second tubular element 11, which produces the first volume 5a.
• the second compression chamber 13 is closed at the second end by fixed means, for example at least one sleeve 24.
• the interrupting chamber 1 also comprises the two arc contacts 7, 8 as in the first embodiment. Only the arc contact 8, here integrated with the first tubular element 4, is movable.
• the second compression chamber 13 is closed by a sleeve 24 and not by a filling valve, the second compression chamber 13 is provided with a pressure limiting valve 32, intended for perform the same role as the filling valve 16 used in the first embodiment.
• the piston 6 is slidably disposed on the tube 30, without using an intermediate tubular element 20 as for the first embodiment, and the ball 25 is directly inserted into a wall of the piston 6.
• the FIG. 2B represents the breaking chamber 1 according to the second embodiment in compression end position of the first compression chamber 5. As in the first embodiment, with respect to the engaged position, all the elements of the moving assembly 10 except the piston 6, have been moved along the axis AA by means of maneuver, not shown.
• the wall 22 In the end compression position of the first compression chamber, the wall 22 is in contact with the piston 6, the first volume 5a has become zero or virtually zero. The pressure thus created by the first volume 5a is found in the second volume 5b.
• the compression in the second compression chamber 13 takes place during the entire circuit breaker opening operation.
• the ball 25 rolls on a rod 26 mounted on the tube 30.
• a housing 31 formed in the rod 26 allows the ball 25 out of its housing 27, thus moving the piston 6.
• Figure 3A shows a breaking chamber 1 according to a third embodiment.
• the second compression chamber 13 is closed at its second end by movable means, for example at least one piston 28 and a spring 29. These movable means make it possible to regulate the pressure in the second chamber. compression 13 during the entire operation of opening circuit breaker.
• the piston 28 is in a position that is substantially similar to that of FIG. 3A, the pressures in FIG. the first and second compression chambers 5, 13 being substantially identical.
• FIG. 4A shows a breaking chamber 1 according to a fourth embodiment.
• the two arcing contacts of this fourth embodiment are movable.
• the first arcing contact 8 is integrated with the piston 6.
• the first arcing contact 8 is movable between the compression end position of the first chamber 5 and the end position of circuit breaker opening operation.
• FIG. 4B shows the current breaking chamber 1 in the compression end position of the first chamber 5.
• the piston 6 has remained stationary.
• the first tubular element 4 has moved axially along the axis AA, causing compression of the dielectric gas in the first compression chamber.
• the movement of the first tubular element 4 causes the movement of a lever 33 and via a lever 35 which, connected to the second arc contact 7 by arms 34, causes the axial displacement of the second arc contact 7 in the opposite direction to the displacement of the first tubular element 4.
• This double movement of the contacts makes it possible to reduce the kinetic energy required during an opening maneuver, the two contacts moving. with a speed divided by two compared to two contacts of which only one of them is mobile.
• This use of a lever allowing the displacement of the two arcing contacts in opposite directions from each other is for example described in patent EP 0 313 813.
• the present invention is particularly adapted to operate under high voltage, for example when the voltage is greater than 245 kV.
• the present invention also relates to a circuit breaker 100, shown in FIG. 5, comprising a breaking chamber 1 according to any one of the embodiments described above.
• This circuit breaker 100 will be, for example, a high or medium voltage power circuit breaker, that is to say used for voltages greater than about 52 kV.
• the interrupting chamber 1 is connected to an operating member 40 for actuating the compression in the breaking chamber 1 and the opening of the circuit breaker 100.

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• 2005
  • 2005-11-03 FR FR0553325A patent/FR2892851B1/fr active Active
• 2006
  • 2006-10-30 CN CN2006800407168A patent/CN101300654B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-10-30 KR KR1020087013140A patent/KR101332724B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2006-10-30 JP JP2008538351A patent/JP5221367B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-10-30 AT AT06807660T patent/ATE463830T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-10-30 DE DE602006013499T patent/DE602006013499D1/de active Active
  • 2006-10-30 US US12/091,982 patent/US7964816B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-10-30 CA CA2627916A patent/CA2627916C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-10-30 WO PCT/EP2006/067934 patent/WO2007051778A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-10-30 EP EP06807660A patent/EP1943657B1/de active Active

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