EP2791959B1 - Schutzschalter mit flüssigkeitsinjektion - Google Patents

Schutzschalter mit flüssigkeitsinjektion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2791959B1
EP2791959B1 EP12801554.2A EP12801554A EP2791959B1 EP 2791959 B1 EP2791959 B1 EP 2791959B1 EP 12801554 A EP12801554 A EP 12801554A EP 2791959 B1 EP2791959 B1 EP 2791959B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
arc
auxiliary
compartment
extinction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP12801554.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2791959A1 (de
Inventor
Franceso PISU
Francia GALINDO-LOZANO
Javier Mantilla
Mathias-Dominic Buergler
Nicola Garbiboldi
Oliver Cossalter
Patrick Stoller
Stephan Grob
Sami Kotilainen
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Technology AG
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Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Priority to EP12801554.2A priority Critical patent/EP2791959B1/de
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2012/075213 external-priority patent/WO2013087687A1/en
Publication of EP2791959A1 publication Critical patent/EP2791959A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2791959B1 publication Critical patent/EP2791959B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/22—Selection of fluids for arc-extinguishing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • H01H2033/912—Liquified gases, e.g. liquified SF6
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H01H33/903—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc and assisting the operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/94—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc
    • H01H33/95—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of high-voltage technology, and more specifically to a circuit breaker according to claim 1, to a switchgear according to claim 40, to a method for extinguishing an arc according to claim 41, and to a use of a fluoroketone in such a circuit breaker according to claim 44.
  • the arc formed during a breaking operation is normally extinguished using compressed gas.
  • the arc extinction or interruption performance is thereby mostly defined by the blow pressure and the physical properties of the medium, e.g. the dielectric strength, the heat capacity as a function of temperature, the electronegativity and the thermal conductivity.
  • compressed sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) is generally used.
  • the arc interruption performance is improved by increasing the blow pressure of the gas using the self-blast or puffer principle.
  • compressed-gas circuit breakers have intrinsic limitations that make it impossible to increase the performance without affecting product cost constraints.
  • circuit breakers employing a liquefied gas, in particular SF 6 , as the interruption medium have been proposed, e.g. in US-B-3,150,245 .
  • SF 6 liquefied gas
  • the design according to US-B-3, 150, 245 has inter alia the drawback that given the low critical temperature of SF 6 the respective storage vessel has to be designed for extremely high pressures.
  • the objective of the present invention is thus to provide a circuit breaker which has improved interruption capability and which at the same time allows for a simple and economic construction and operation. This objective is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. More specific embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims.
  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising an ejection device, i.e. at least one ejection device, comprising an arc-extinction medium to improve extinction of an arc formed during a breaking operation.
  • the arc-extinction medium comprises an organofluorine compound having a boiling point T b at 1 bar higher than -60°C and being selected from the group consisting of: a fluoroether; a fluoroamine; a fluoroketone; and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising an ejection device comprising an arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium for improving circuit breaker operation, and in particular improving extinction of an arc formed during a breaker operation, wherein the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium comprises an organofluorine compound having a boiling point T b at 1 bar higher than -60°C and being selected from the group consisting of: a fluoroether; a fluoroamine; a fluoroketone; and mixtures thereof.
  • organofluorine compounds and in particular fluoroketones, are able to provide arc-extinguishing performance required for a circuit breaker.
  • the arc-extinction medium can be stored and ultimately ejected in liquid form without requiring sophisticated cooling and pressurizing means. This not only allows for a reduction in size of the whole design, but also leads to an increase in the interruption performance, since part of the arc energy is absorbed by vaporisation of the extinction medium which leads to improved cooling of the arc.
  • a further reason for improved interruption performance lies in the increased blow pressure which is generated due to the vaporisation and potentially the further decomposition of the arc extinction medium, in particular the organofluorine compound, using the arc energy. Since several of the by-products generated by the decomposition of the organofluorine compound, and in particular decomposition of the fluoroketone, are electronegative, they have good arc quenching capabilities, which further contribute to the excellent interruption performance achieved according to the present invention.
  • the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling liquid has a boiling point T b at 1 bar higher than -40°C, preferred higher than -20°C, more preferred higher than -10°, even more preferred higher than +5°C, most preferred higher than +20°C.
  • the boiling point can also be higher than +40°C, preferred higher than +65°C, most preferred higher than +90°C. This allows storage of the medium in liquid form by very simple cooling and/or pressurisation means or without such means at all.
  • the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium is at least partially present in liquid form, when it is contained in the ejection device, for the reasons mentioned above. More preferably, the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium is present at least approximately in fully liquid form, when it is contained in the ejection device.
  • Such liquid form or liquid phase of the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium shall be present in the ejection device under operating conditions of the circuit breaker, in particular under operating temperatures and/or operating pressures of the circuit breaker.
  • Such operating conditions may depend, inter alia, on the type of circuit breaker and the currents and/or voltages to be interrupted.
  • Such operating conditions shall encompass at least intermediate times between circuit breaker operations and/or time intervals of active circuit breaker operations, such as contact-opening and/or contact-closing, for example as occurring in a typical O-C-O sequence according to the IEC or ANSI international standard.
  • operating temperatures shall be within a rated operating temperature range and operating pressures shall be within a rated operating pressure range of the circuit breaker.
  • organofluorine compound as used in the context of the present invention is to be understood broadly to be a compound containing at least one carbon atom and at least one fluorine atom. It is understood that these compounds can optionally comprise further atoms, in particular at least one atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and iodine, in addition to carbon and fluorine.
  • the present invention encompasses both embodiments where the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling liquid is at least essentially consisting of the organofluorine compound as well as embodiments comprising further components.
  • the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling liquid comprises preferably as a further organofluorine compound at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a fluorocarbon, in particular C 2 F 6 and C 3 F 8 ; a hydrofluorocarbon; and mixtures thereof.
  • fluoroether refers to at least partially fluorinated compounds.
  • fluoroether encompasses both hydrofluoroethers and perfluoroethers
  • fluoroamine encompasses both hydrofluoroamines and perfluoroamines
  • fluoroketone encompasses both hydrofluoroketones and perfluoroketones.
  • the fluorocarbon, the fluoroether, the fluoroamine and the fluoroketone are fully fluorinated, i.e. perfluorinated. They are thus devoid of any hydrogen which - in particular in view of the potential by-products, such as hydrogen fluoride, generated by decomposition - is generally considered unwanted in circuit breakers.
  • the arc-extinction liquid comprises as organofluorine compound a fluoroketone or a mixture of fluoroketones, in particular a fluoromonoketone.
  • Fluoroketones have recently been found to have excellent dielectric insulation properties. They have now been found to have also excellent interruption properties.
  • fluoroketone as used in the context of the present invention shall be interpreted broadly and shall encompass both perfluoroketones and hydrofluoroketones. The term shall also encompass both saturated compounds and unsaturated compounds including double and/or triple bonds.
  • the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketones can be linear or branched and can optionally form a ring.
  • fluoroketone shall encompass compounds that may comprise in-chain heteroatoms. In exemplary embodiments, the fluoroketone shall have no in-chain hetero atom.
  • fluoroketone shall also encompass fluorodiketones having two carbonyl groups or fluoroketones having more than two carbonyl groups. In exemplary embodiments, the fluoroketone shall be a fluoromonoketone.
  • the fluoroketone is a perfluoroketone. It is preferred that the fluoroketone has a branched alkyl chain. It is also preferred that the fluoroketone is fully saturated.
  • the fluoroketone contains from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 5 to 9, more preferably exactly 5, exactly 6 or exactly 7 or exactly 8 carbon atoms.
  • the respective fluoroketones have a relative high boiling point and thus allow storage of the medium in liquid form by means of very simple cooling and/or pressurisation means or without such means at all.
  • the fluoroketone has exactly 5 carbon atoms and is selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom:
  • fluoroketones containing 5 carbon atoms have the advantage of a relatively high boiling point, allowing to maintain it in liquid form by means of very simple cooling and/or pressurisation means or without such means at all. Fluoroketones containing exactly 5 carbon atoms have the further advantage that they are generally non-toxic.
  • the fluoroketone has the molecular formula C 5 F 10 O, i.e. is fully saturated without any double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the fluoroketone may more preferably be selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one (also named decafluoro-3-methylbutan-2-one), 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentan-2-one, 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentan-3-one, 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5,-octafluoro-3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-pentan-2-one; and most preferably is 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one.
  • the fluoroketone has exactly 6 carbon atoms and is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom: and
  • the fluoroketone has exactly 7 carbon atoms and is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom: and (IIIn) named dodecafluoro-cycloheptanone.
  • the present invention encompasses each compound or combination of compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds according to structural formulae Ia to Id, IIa to IIg, IIIa to IIIn.
  • a fluoroketone containing exactly 6 carbon atoms is particularly preferred for the purpose of the present invention due to its relatively high boiling point. Also, fluoroketones having exactly 6 carbon atoms are non-toxic with outstanding margins for human safety.
  • the fluoroketone has the molecular formula C 6 F 12 O. More preferably, the fluoroketone is selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-3-one (also named dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one), 1,1,1,3,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-2-one (also named dodecafluoro-4-methylpentan-2-one), 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-2-one (also named dodecafluoro-3-methylpentan-2-one), 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-bis-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one (also named dodecafluoro-3,3-(dimethyl)butan-2-one), dodecafluorohexan-2-one
  • C6-ketone fluoroketone comprising exactly 6 carbon atoms
  • C 6 F 5 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 or sum formula C 6 F 12 O
  • 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-Nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-3-one has further been found to have high insulating properties and an extremely low GWP. It has an ozone depletion potential of 0 and is non-toxic (LC50 of about 100'000 ppm). Thus, the environmental impact is much lower than with conventional insulation gases, and at the same time outstanding margins for human safety are achieved.
  • the present invention encompasses embodiments of the circuit breaker comprising an improved ejection device which allows for an accurate control of the dosing of the medium as well as of the timeliness, duration and rate of its ejection.
  • the ejection device is preferably designed such that the arc-extinction medium is ejected at a rate in a range from 0 ml/ms, in particular 0.1 ml/ms, to 15 ml/ms, preferably from 1 ml/ms to 10 ml/ms, more preferably from 3 ml/ms to 6 ml/ms.
  • the ejection device is designed such that the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium is ejected during an ejection time shorter than 25 ms (milliseconds), preferably during an ejection time in a range from 5 ms to 15 ms, more preferably during an ejection time of about 10 ms.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a dielectric insulation medium comprising an organofluorine compound which is at least partially in gaseous state at operational conditions.
  • the dielectric insulation medium is comprised outside the ejection device.
  • increased insulating properties can be achieved.
  • dielectric insulation medium here also encompasses arc-extinction capability of the medium.
  • the organofluorine compound comprised in the dielectric insulation medium corresponds to the organofluorine compound comprised in the arc-extinction liquid and/or exhaust-cooling liquid and more particularly stems therefrom.
  • the expression "comprising an organofluorine compound” is to be interpreted such that it encompasses embodiments in which a single organofluorine compound is comprised as well as embodiments in which a mixture of different organofluorine compounds is comprised.
  • At least one background gas is present in the circuit breaker selected from the group consisting of: CO 2 , N 2 , O 2 , SF 6 , CF 4 , a noble gas, in particular argon, and mixtures thereof
  • a background gas in particular a background gas as defined above
  • the insulation performance of the background gas can be improved due to the high dielectric strength of the gaseous fluoroketone obtained by vaporization of the arc-extinction liquid using the arc energy and/or due to the high dielectric strength of its decomposition products.
  • the arc-extinction liquid and specifically the fluoroketone liquid is used for exhaust cooling, it readily evaporates after ejection, possibly decomposes and thus very efficiently cools the exhaust gases.
  • the present invention further encompasses a preferred embodiment which allows for an accurate control of the dosage of the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium as well as of the duration and rate of its ejection.
  • the circuit breaker comprises an ejection device which comprises a compartment in which the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium is contained and which has an ejection orifice, i.e. at least one ejection orifice, through which the arc-extinction medium is to be ejected.
  • the ejection orifice opens out directly into an arcing zone of the circuit breaker.
  • the ejection orifice opens out into an injection zone of the circuit breaker, in which injection zone the pressure is lower than in an arcing zone when an arc is present.
  • a relatively low force is sufficient to eject the arc-extinction liquid at a high ejection rate.
  • a very high blow pressure can thereby be achieved.
  • the liquid is used for exhaust cooling, it readily evaporates after ejection and thus very efficiently cools the exhaust gases.
  • the ejection orifice of this embodiment preferably opens out into a heating volume, and/or puffer chamber, and/or an exhaust volume of the circuit breaker.
  • An ejection device of the present invention with injection into the heating volume or compression chamber improves the arc extinction capability of the circuit breaker.
  • An ejection device of the present invention with injection into the exhaust volume improves the exhaust cooling and thus the dielectric behaviour of the circuit breaker.
  • the ejection orifice preferably is or comprises a valve which only opens when a predetermined threshold pressure is reached in the compartment.
  • the circuit breaker further comprises a floating piston which is designed to transmit a compressing force onto the interior of the compartment during a breaking or breaker operation.
  • pressure increase forcing the floating piston to move relative to the compartment and thus transmitting the compressing force onto the compartment can be obtained by mechanical means and/or by a pressure rise in the heating volume due to the heating by the arc.
  • Such compressing force can also be obtained by gas pressure present in a compression chamber or puffer volume, or in an exhaust volume of the circuit breaker.
  • the ejection device is connected to a moving part of the circuit breaker such that a movement of the moving part during a breaker operation is translated into a movement of the floating piston relative to the compartment for compressing the compartment.
  • the ejection device further comprises an auxiliary compartment which contains a compressible medium, in particular gas, the compartment and the auxiliary compartment being separated from each other by the floating piston.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a piston for compressing the interior of the auxiliary compartment, wherein a moving part of the circuit breaker causes a relative movement between the piston and the auxiliary compartment.
  • the auxiliary compartment can be connected to the moving part. Then the piston increases the pressure in the auxiliary compartment which in turn drives the floating piston and causes ejection of arc-extinction liquid and/or exhaust-cooling liquid from the compartment containing the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium into the injection zone of the circuit breaker.
  • the auxiliary compartment When the piston is moved relatively to the auxiliary compartment, the auxiliary compartment thus functions as a compressible force transmitter or gas cushion that allows smoothing out pressure peaks in the compression force to be transmitted to the floating piston, and consequently to the compartment containing the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium. Ultimately, this allows controlling the dosing of the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium as well as of the timeliness, duration and rate of its ejection in a very accurate manner.
  • the compartment containing the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium and the auxiliary compartment functioning as a gas cushion can be arranged axially displaced from each other or can be arranged coaxially. Coaxial arrangement, also in combination with some axial displacement, is preferred as it allows a very simple and straightforward design of the ejection device.
  • the circuit breaker can comprise a housing comprising the compartment and the auxiliary compartment, said housing having a cylindrical shape.
  • the effect of smoothing out pressure peaks is particularly pronounced when the area of the piston for compressing the interior of the auxiliary compartment is smaller than an area of the floating piston, as it is the case in a further embodiment.
  • increase of the pressure acting on the floating piston can also be achieved by the heating of the gas, and thus by the pressure increase, e.g. in the heating volume or compression chamber or exhaust volume, caused by the arc.
  • the floating piston is therefore designed such that its compressing force is increased when an arc is present, the increase being in particular at least partially caused by an increase of the pressure in the heating volume due to the heating by the arc.
  • the floating piston preferably comprises a primary floating piston facing the heating volume and a secondary floating piston facing the compartment containing the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium, said primary floating piston and said secondary floating piston being rigidly connected to each other.
  • the volume between the primary and secondary floating piston can be connected to a low pressure volume.
  • both concepts for increasing the compressing force of the floating piston i.e. the concept of using a moving part of the circuit breaker as well as the concept of using the pressure increase in e.g. the heating volume caused by the arcing heat, can be combined with each other.
  • embodiments relate to a circuit breaker, in particular a circuit breaker as disclosed above and also in connection with the figures, with the circuit breaker comprising an ejection device comprising an arc-extinction medium for improving extinction of an arc formed during a breaker operation, wherein the arc-extinction medium contained in the ejection device comprises an auxiliary injection compound selected from the group consisting of: O 2 , CO 2 , N 2 , CF 4 , a noble gas, in particular argon, and mixtures thereof.
  • auxiliary injection compound selected from the group consisting of: O 2 , CO 2 , N 2 , CF 4 , a noble gas, in particular argon, and mixtures thereof.
  • the ejection device comprises an additional compartment for storing the auxiliary injection compound, which has an ejection orifice for ejecting the auxiliary injection.
  • the above disclosed compartment of the ejection device comprises or is the additional compartment.
  • the additional compartment can be arranged close to the arcing zone for pre-heating the auxiliary compound, in particular above 2000 Kelvin.
  • the auxiliary injection compound contained in the additional compartment is to be injected directly into the arcing zone, in particular via an auxiliary injection channel, or indirectly via the heating volume and/or compression volume.
  • a same or similar construction as described above with a floating piston, and in particular with an auxiliary compartment as compressible force transmitter, for ejecting an organofluorine compound out of a compartment of the ejection device may be present to transmit an additional compressing force onto an additional compartment of the ejection device, which may be present for storing and ejecting the auxiliary compound.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically an exemplary circuit breaker 1 having a central axis 1a, an enclosure 1b, nominal contacts 2, arcing contacts 30, 31, in particular a plug 30 and tulip 31 which provide in opened state between them an arcing zone 32 (see Fig. 2, 3 ), and an insulating material nozzle 4.
  • the circuit breaker 1 has further a puffer volume or compression chamber 6 and optionally, if it is a self-blast circuit breaker 1, a heating volume or heating chamber 5. It also has an exhaust tube 70 which leads exhaust gases into an exhaust volume 71.
  • the exhaust volume 71 can also be present on the side of the arcing pin or plug 30.
  • Fig. 1 also indicates that the circuit breaker 1 has a novel ejection device outside 8 or inside 9 the circuit breaker enclosure 1b.
  • Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of an outside ejection device 8 with a compression mechanism 14 comprising a compartment 14a for arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b, in particular arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b.
  • the arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b contained in compartment 14a comprises or is an organofluorine compound having a boiling point T b at 1 bar higher than -60°C and being selected from the group consisting of: a fluoroether; a fluoroamine; a fluoroketone; and mixtures thereof.
  • the ejection device further comprises an auxiliary compartment 14b separated from and mechanically connected to the compartment 14a by a floating piston 15, and a mechanically driven piston 11 of the auxiliary compartment 14b.
  • the compression mechanism 14 according to Fig. 2 is arranged outside the circuit breaker enclosure 1b.
  • the compartment 14a serves for receiving, storing and ejecting the arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b under pressure.
  • the piston 11 can e.g. be fixedly supported on a wall 13 while the compression mechanism 14, in particular the auxiliary compartment 14b, is moveable, typically along the operating axis 1a of the circuit breaker.
  • the ejection device 8 in particular the compression mechanism 14, is mechanically connected to a moving part 16 of the circuit breaker 1.
  • a movement of the moving part 16 is translated into a relative movement between the auxiliary compartment 14b and the piston 11 for compressing the auxiliary compartment 14b such that a volume of the auxiliary compartment 14b is reduced.
  • the pressure inside the auxiliary compartment 14b increases. This increased pressure is applied via the floating piston 15 onto the liquid ejection compartment 14a so that there the pressure rises, as well.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of an inside ejection device 9 with a compression mechanism 14 comprising a compartment 14a for the arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b, in particular the arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b, an auxiliary compartment 14b separated from and mechanically connected to the compartment 14a by a floating piston 15, and a mechanically driven piston 11 of the auxiliary compartment 14b.
  • the ejection device 9 and in particular the compression mechanism 14 is now arranged inside the circuit breaker enclosure 1b.
  • the functions of the elements, in particular the moveable mechanism 14, the preferably fixed piston 11, the liquid compartment 14a and the auxiliary compartment 14b are as described above for Fig. 1 .
  • the pressure in the compartment 14a filled with the incompressible arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b, typically a liquid 18; 18a, 18b, is increased by the compressive force exerted onto the interior of the compartment 14a via the externally driven piston 11.
  • the arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b is ejected through the ejection orifice 17 out of the compartment 14a into an injection zone 5, 6, 71.
  • the injection zone 5, 6, 71 can be a heating volume 5, a puffer volume 6 or an exhaust volume 71.
  • the injection zone can be any zone of the circuit breaker 1 in which the pressure is lower than in an arcing zone 32 when an arc is present.
  • the injection zone can be the arcing zone 32 itself.
  • the auxiliary compartment 14b is filled with a compressible medium, in particular a gas, and serves for transmitting a compression force to the compartment 14a and thereby to pressurize and eventually eject arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b into an injection zone 5, 6, 71 or possibly arcing zone 32 of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the auxiliary compartment 14b as disclosed herein functions as a compressible force transmitter or gas cushion that allows to smoothen out pressure peaks in the compression force to be transmitted to the liquid compartment 14a.
  • the timeliness, amount and dosing of the arc-extinction medium or liquid 18; 18a, 18b is improved considerably over previously known ejection devices.
  • Fig. 4a, 4b, 4c show three operating states of the circuit breaker 1 and of the ejection devices 8, 9 here shown for the outside ejection device 8.
  • the pressure in the auxiliary compartment 14b is increased by the advancing decrease of the volume of the auxiliary compartment 14b due to the breaker movement of circuit breaker 1 and is smoothly transmitted to the liquid compartment 14a.
  • arc-extinction fluid 18; 18a, 18b is ejected and is injected into any or several of the aforementioned injection zones 5, 6, 71, in the shown embodiment, particularly into the heating volume 5.
  • the arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b vaporizes and then improves the extinguishing performance of the breaker 1 with highest efficiency.
  • Fig. 5 shows another variant of an outside ejection device 80 of a circuit breaker 1 having an axis 1a, an enclosure 1b, arcing contacts, in particular a plug (not shown) and a tulip 31, which provide in opened state between them an arcing zone 32.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 comprises an insulating material nozzle 4a and an exhaust tube 70 which leads exhaust gases into an exhaust volume 71.
  • the exhaust volume 71 may also exist on the side of the plug 30, and the exhaust gas may be guided into the exhaust volume 71 by passing through the main nozzle 4 or through a hollow plug 30.
  • floating piston 21, which is acting on and is compressing compartment 140a containing the arc-extinction medium, is driven by gas pressure present in the circuit breaker 1 during a breaker operation, and in particular is driven by gas pressure present in the heating volume 5 of a self-blast circuit breaker 1.
  • ejection device 80 is connected to the heating volume 5 via a pressure opening 50.
  • valve 17 opens such that arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b, in particular arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b, is ejected out of liquid compartment 140a and is injected into the heating volume 5.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further variant similar to the one shown in Fig. 5 but with an inside ejection device 90 which operates as described above.
  • the floating piston 21 is guided in a piston guidance 140b and comprises a primary floating piston 19 which transmits compressing force from the heating chamber 5 onto a secondary floating piston 20, said secondary floating piston 20 transmitting compressing force to the compartment 14a containing the arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b, in particular the arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b.
  • the primary floating piston 19 is rigidly connected to the secondary floating piston 20. Given the design of the primary floating piston 19 having a larger area than the secondary floating piston 20 a high injection pressure can also be achieved even if the movement of the primary floating piston is relatively small. This blow pressure in the heating volume 5 is further increased by evaporation of the arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b upon release into the heating volume 5.
  • the circuit breaker 1 can be, e.g., a high voltage circuit breaker, a generator circuit breaker, a medium voltage circuit breaker, or any other electrical switch which requires active arc extinction, as e.g. a load break switch.
  • an ejection device 8, 9; 80, 90 - as disclosed in Fig. 1-6 and in the description thereof for an arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b which serves for improving extinction of an arc burning temporarily in the arcing zone 32 of the circuit breaker 1 - can also be used when being arranged close to or inside of or outside of the exhaust volume 71 of the circuit breaker, as indicated in Fig. 1 , and when containing an exhaust-cooling medium 18; 18a, 18b.
  • the arc-extinction medium 18 may also serve as the exhaust-cooling medium 18; 18a, 18b and vice versa, and both media 18; 18a, 18b can be or can comprise the same compound or compounds and, in particular, can be identical.
  • exhaust volume is any volume of the circuit breaker that is connected downstream of the arcing zone and is for outflowing exhaust gases.
  • Embodiments relate to a circuit breaker 1, in particular a circuit breaker 1 as disclosed above, with the circuit breaker 1 comprising an ejection device 8, 9; 80, 90 comprising an arc-extinction medium 18; 18b for improving extinction of an arc formed during a breaker operation, wherein the arc-extinction medium 18; 18b contained in the ejection device 8, 9; 80, 90 comprises an auxiliary injection compound 18b selected from the group consisting of: O 2 , CO 2 , N 2 , CF 4 , a noble gas, in particular argon, and mixtures thereof.
  • This allows to create a locally increased concentration of the auxiliary injection compound 18b in the arcing zone 32 and to enhance the thermal and/or dielectric interruption capability of the circuit breaker.
  • the arc extinction medium 18 contained in the ejection device 8, 9; 80, 90 is or comprises oxygen 18b. This may serve for boosting an arc-blowing pressure in the arcing zone 32.
  • the auxiliary injection compound 18b and in particular oxygen 18b as an example can namely trigger additional effects between the components of the gas mixture in the arcing zone 32 which leads to an increased pressure build-up and enhances the extinction capability of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the ejection device 8, 9; 80, 90 can comprise an additional compartment 14c in which the arc-extinction medium 18; 18b is contained and which has an ejection orifice 17 through which the auxiliary injection compound 18b, in particular oxygen 18b, is to be ejected.
  • the additonal compartment 14c may also be pressurized indirectly via an or the above mentioned auxiliary compartment (not shown in Fig. 7a-7c ), in particular for smoothening out pressure peaks in the compression force to be transmitted to a or the above mentioned floating piston and for acurately controlling the dosing of the auxiliary injection compound 18b, in particular oxygen 18b, and the timeliness, duration and rate of its ejection.
  • Fig. 7a shows an embodiment, in which the auxiliary injection compound 18b, in particular oxygen 18b, is to be injected directly into an arcing zone 32 of the circuit breaker 1 via an auxiliary injection channel 24.
  • the auxiliary injection channel 24 can be arranged in close proximity to the arcing zone 32 such that temperatures of the auxiliary compound 18b above 2000 K are achievable when the auxiliary compound 18b is injected into the auxiliary injection channel 24 during a contact-opening operation of the circuit breaker 1.
  • Fig. 7b and 7c show embodiments, in which the auxiliary injection compound 18b, in particular oxygen 18b, is to be injected indirectly via a or the heating volume 5 and/or compression volume 6 and/or via an auxiliary volume 22.
  • the auxilary volume 22 can be arranged in close proximity to the arcing zone 32 such that temperatures of the auxiliary compound 18b above 2000 K are achievable when the auxiliary compound 18b is injected into the auxiliary volume 22 during a contact-opening operation of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the auxiliary volume 22 for temporarily receiving and transmitting the auxiliary injection compound 18b has the following advantages:
  • the arcing zone 32 may mainly be filled with ablated PTFE (C 2 F 4 ) that displaces the gas mixture with which the circuit breaker 1 is filled.
  • ablated PTFE C 2 F 4
  • direct injecting of oxygen is likely to be less efficient and not to the full extent to create the additional effect that result in increased pressure build-up. Therefore, indirect injection into the heating volume 5 and/or compression volume 6 and/or auxiliary volume 22 is done.
  • auxiliary volume 22 is fluidly connected via an auxiliary intermediate channel (not explicitly shown in Fig. 7c ), an auxiliary opening 23 or an auxiliary valve 23 to a or the heating volume 5 and/or compression chamber 6 for transmitting the auxiliary compound 18b to the arcing zone 32.
  • timing means for timed injection of the auxiliary compound 18b, in particular oxygen 18b, into the arcing zone 32 can be present such that a or the boosting of the arc-blowing pressure occurs close to current-zero, in particular in a time window of less than 15 ms, preferably less than 10 ms, more preferably less than 5 ms, and most preferred less than 3 ms, around the time instant when current-zero occurs.
  • Such timed injection allows to create the boost in pressure in close time-relationship to current-zero when the high pressure is most beneficial.
  • the timing means may for example comprise an timing control for operating an ejection orifice valve 17 and/or an auxiliary valve 23 for the auxiliary volume 22.
  • valve timing control may comprise valves 17, 23 that are actively operated, for example based on information about operational timing or operational conditions of the circuit breaker, or that are passively operated, for example by the pressures and/or temperatures present under operating conditions in the circuit breaker.
  • the timing means may for example also comprise other passive timing control, such as a time-delaying injection channel 17a, and/or a time-delaying auxiliary intermediate channel between auxiliary volume 22 and heating volume 5 or compression chamber 6, and/or a time-delaying auxiliary injection channel (to be present at position 23 in Fig. 7c ).

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Claims (33)

  1. Leistungsschalter (1), umfassend wenigstens eine Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90), die ein Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b) zur Verbesserung des Leistungsschalterbetriebs und insbesondere ein Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) zur Verbesserung der Löschung eines während eines Schaltvorgangs gebildeten Lichtbogens umfasst, wobei das Lichtbogenlöschmedium und/oder Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b) eine Organofluorverbindung umfasst, die einen Siedepunkt Tb bei 1 bar von höher als -60 °C aufweist und gewählt ist aus der Gruppe: ein Fluorether; ein Fluoramin; ein Fluorketon; und Gemische derselben.
  2. Leistungsschalter (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Organofluorverbindung einen Siedepunkt Tb, bei 1 bar von höher als -40 °C aufweist, bevorzugt höher als --20 °C, bevorzugter höher als -10 °C, noch bevorzugter höher als +5 °C, noch bevorzugter höher als +20 °C, noch bevorzugter höher als +40 °C, noch bevorzugter höher als +65 °C, höchstbevorzugt höher als +90°C.
  3. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b) wenigstens teilweise in flüssiger Form vorliegt, wenn es in der Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90) enthalten ist, oder in vollständig flüssiger Form vorliegt, wenn es in der Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90) enthalten ist.
  4. Leistungsschalter (1) nach Anspruch 3, wobei das Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b) in der Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90) unter Betriebsbedingungen des Leistungsschalters (1), insbesondere unter Betriebstemperaturen und/oder Betriebsdrücken des Leistungsschalters (1), wenigstens teilweise oder vollständig in flüssiger Form vorliegt.
  5. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Organofluorverbindung zusätzlich wenigstens ein Atom umfasst, das gewählt ist aus der Gruppe: Sauerstoff, Wasserstoff, Stickstoff und Iod.
  6. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b), insbesondere die Lichtbogenlöschflüssigkeit (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder Abgaskühlflüssigkeit (18; 18a, 18b), ferner wenigstens eine Verbindung umfasst, die gewählt ist aus der Gruppe: ein vollfluoriertes Fluorcarbon, insbesondere C2F6 und C3F8; ein Hydrofluorcarbon; und Gemische derselben.
  7. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Fluorether, das Fluoramin und das Fluorketon vollfluoriert sind.
  8. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b) ein Fluorketon (18a) oder ein Gemisch von Fluorketonen (18a), insbesondere ein Fluormonoketon (18a), umfasst.
  9. Leistungsschalter (1) nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Fluorketon (18a) von 5 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatome enthält, bevorzugt von 5 bis 9, bevorzugter genau 5 oder genau 6 oder genau 7 oder genau 8 Kohlenstoffatome.
  10. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90) so ausgelegt ist, dass das Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b) mit einer Rate in einem Bereich von 0 ml/ms, insbesondere 0,1 ml/ms, bis 15 ml/ms, bevorzugt von 1 ml/ms bis 10 ml/ms, bevorzugter von 3 ml/ms bis 6 ml/ms ausgespritzt wird.
  11. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90) so ausgelegt ist, dass das Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b) während einer Ausspritzzeit von unter 25 ms, bevorzugt während einer Ausspritzzeit in einem Bereich von 5 ms bis 15 ms, bevorzugter während einer Ausspritzzeit von ca. 10 ms, ausgespritzt wird.
  12. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Leistungsschalter (1) außerhalb der Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90) ferner ein dielektrisches Isoliermedium umfasst, das eine Organofluorverbindung umfasst, insbesondere eine Organofluorverbindung gewählt aus der Gruppe: ein Fluorether; ein Fluoramin; ein Fluorketon; und Gemische derselben, wobei diese Organofluorverbindung bei Betriebsbedingungen des Leistungsschalters (1) wenigstens teilweise in gasförmigem Zustand ist.
  13. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei wenigstens ein Hintergrundgas vorhanden ist, gewählt aus der Gruppe: CO2, N2, O2, SF6, CF4, ein Edelgas, insbesondere Argon, und Gemische derselben.
  14. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die oder jede Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90) eine Kammer (14a, 14c) umfasst, in welcher das Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b) enthalten ist und die wenigstens eine Ausspritzöffnung (17) aufweist, durch die das Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) auszuspritzen ist.
  15. Leistungsschalter (1) nach Anspruch 14, wobei sich die Ausspritzöffnung (17) direkt in eine Lichtbogenzone (32) des Leistungsschalters (1) öffnet; oder wobei sich die Ausspritzöffnung (17) in eine Einspritzzone (5, 6, 71) des Leistungsschalters (1) öffnet, wobei in dieser Einspritzzone (5, 6, 71) der Druck niedriger ist als in einer Lichtbogenzone (32), wenn ein Lichtbogen vorhanden ist; oder wobei sich die Ausspritzöffnung (17) zur Verbesserung der Löschung eines während eines Schaltvorgangs gebildeten Lichtbogens in ein Heizvolumen (5) und/oder einen Kompressionsraum (6) des Leistungsschalters (1) öffnet; oder wobei sich die Ausspritzöffnung (17) zur Verbesserung der Abgaskühlung während eines Schaltvorgangs in ein Abgasvolumen (71) des Leistungsschalters (1) öffnet.
  16. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 15, wobei die Ausspritzöffnung ein Ventil (17) ist, das nur öffnet, wenn ein vorherbestimmter Grenzdruck in der Kammer (14a, 14c) erreicht wird.
  17. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 16, ferner umfassend einen schwimmenden Kolben (15, 21), der darauf ausgelegt ist, während eines Schaltvorgangs eine Kompressionskraft an den Innenraum der Kammer (14a, 14c) anzulegen; insbesondere wobei die Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9) mit einem beweglichen Teil (16) des Leistungsschalters (1) dergestalt verbunden ist, dass eine Bewegung des beweglichen Teils (16) während eines Schaltvorgangs in eine relativ zur Kammer (14a) erfolgende Bewegung des schwimmenden Kolbens (15) zur Kompression der Kammer (14a) übersetzt wird.
  18. Leistungsschalter (1) nach Anspruch 17, wobei die Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9) ferner eine Nebenkammer (14b) umfasst, die ein komprimierbares Medium, insbesondere Gas, enthält, wobei die Kammer (14a) und die Nebenkammer (14b) durch den schwimmenden Kolben (15) voneinander getrennt sind.
  19. Leistungsschalter (1) nach Anspruch 18, ferner umfassend einen Kolben (11) für die Kompression des Innenraums der Nebenkammer (14b), wobei ein bewegliches Teil (16) des Leistungsschalters (1) eine relative Bewegung zwischen dem Kolben (11) und der Nebenkammer (14b) bewirkt, insbesondere wobei die Nebenkammer (14b) mit dem beweglichen Teil (16) verbunden ist.
  20. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 18 bis 19, wobei die Kammer (14a) und die Nebenkammer (14b) axial verschoben zueinander angeordnet sind und/oder koaxial angeordnet sind, wobei der Leistungsschalter (1) ein Gehäuse umfasst, das die Kammer (14a) und die Nebenkammer (14b) umfasst, wobei dieses Gehäuse eine zylindrische Form aufweist.
  21. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 18 bis 20, wobei eine Fläche des Kolbens (11) für die Kompression des Innenraums der Nebenkammer (14b) kleiner ist als eine Fläche des schwimmenden Kolbens (15); und/oder wobei der schwimmende Kolben (21) so ausgelegt ist, dass seine Kompressionskraft bei Vorliegen eines Lichtbogens erhöht wird, insbesondere wobei die Erhöhung wenigstens teilweise durch eine Erhöhung des Drucks in einem oder dem Heizvolumen (5) oder Kompressionsraum (6) oder Abgasvolumen (71) des Leistungsschalters (1) aufgrund der Erhitzung durch den Lichtbogen bewirkt wird.
  22. Leistungsschalter (1) nach Anspruch 21, wobei der schwimmende Kolben (21) einen primären schwimmenden Kolben (19), der dem Heizvolumen (5) oder Kompressionsraum (6) oder Abgasvolumen (71) zugewandt ist, und einen sekundären schwimmenden Kolben (20), der der Kammer (14a) zugewandt ist, umfasst, wobei dieser primäre schwimmende Kolben (19) und dieser sekundäre schwimmende Kolben (20) starr miteinander verbunden sind; insbesondere wobei der primäre schwimmende Kolben (19) eine größere Fläche als der sekundäre schwimmende Kolben (20) aufweist.
  23. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Leistungsschalter (1) ein Hochspannungsleistungsschalter (1), ein Mittelspannungsleistungsschalter, ein Generatorleistungsschalter oder ein Lasttrennschalter ist.
  24. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 23, wobei der Leistungsschalter (1) die Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90) umfasst, die das Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) für die Verbesserung der Löschung des während eines Schaltvorgangs gebildeten Lichtbogens umfasst, wobei das Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b), wenn in der Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90) enthalten, eine zusätzliche Einspritzverbindung (18b) umfasst, gewählt aus der Gruppe: O2, CO2, N2, CF4, ein Edelgas, insbesondere Argon, und Gemische derselben.
  25. Leistungsschalter (1) nach Anspruch 24, wobei die zusätzliche Einspritzverbindung (18b) zur Verstärkung eines Lichtbogenblasdrucks in der Lichtbogenzone (32) Sauerstoff (18b) ist oder umfasst.
  26. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 25, wobei die Ausspritzvorrichtung (8, 9; 80, 90) eine zusätzliche Kammer (14c) umfasst, in welcher die zusätzliche Einspritzverbindung (18b) enthalten ist und die eine Ausspritzöffnung (17) aufweist, durch welche die zusätzliche Einspritzverbindung (18b) auszuspritzen ist.
  27. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 26, wobei die zusätzliche Einspritzverbindung (18b) über einen zusätzlichen Einspritzkanal (24) direkt in eine Lichtbogenzone (32) des Leistungsschalters (1) einzuspritzen ist; insbesondere wobei der zusätzliche Einspritzkanal (24) in unmittelbarer Nähe zur Lichtbogenzone (32) angeordnet ist, so dass für die zusätzliche Verbindung (18b) Temperaturen von über 2000 K erreichbar sind, wenn die zusätzliche Verbindung (18b) während eines Kontaktöffnungsvorgangs des Leistungsschalters (1) in den zusätzlichen Einspritzkanal (24) eingespritzt wird.
  28. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 27, wobei die zusätzliche Einspritzverbindung (18b) über ein oder das Heizvolumen (5) und/oder Kompressionsvolumen (6) und/oder über ein Zusatzvolumen (22) indirekt in die Lichtbogenzone (32) einzuspritzen ist, insbesondere wobei das Zusatzvolumen (22) in unmittelbarer Nähe zur Lichtbogenzone (32) angeordnet ist, so dass für die zusätzliche Verbindung (18b) Temperaturen von über 2000 K erreichbar sind, wenn die zusätzliche Verbindung (18b) während eines Kontaktöffnungsvorgangs des Leistungsschalters (1) in das Zusatzvolumen (22) eingespritzt wird; wobei das Zusatzvolumen (22) über einen zusätzlichen Zwischenkanal, eine zusätzliche Öffnung (23) oder ein zusätzliches Ventil (23) mit einem oder dem Heizvolumen (5) und/oder Kompressionsraum (6) strömungstechnisch verbunden ist, um die zusätzliche Verbindung (18b) zur Lichtbogenzone (32) zu leiten.
  29. Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 28, wobei Taktungsmittel für die getaktete Einspritzung der zusätzlichen Verbindung (18b) in die Lichtbogenzone (32) dergestalt vorgesehen sind, dass eine oder die Verstärkung des Lichtbogenblasdrucks in Nähe zum Nullstrom, insbesondere in einem Zeitfenster von unter 15 ms, bevorzugt unter 10 ms, bevorzugter unter 5 ms und höchstbevorzugt unter 3 ms, um einen Zeitpunkt des eintretenden Nullstroms herum stattfindet.
  30. Gasisolierte Schaltanlage, die einen Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst.
  31. Verfahren für verbesserten Leistungsschalterbetrieb in einem Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 29, insbesondere für eine verbesserte Löschung eines Lichtbogens und/oder für eine verbesserte Kühlung von gebildeten Abgasen in einem Leistungsschalter (1), wobei ein flüssiges Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder flüssiges Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b) eine Organofluorverbindung umfasst, die einen Siedepunkt Tb bei 1 bar von -60 °C aufweist und gewählt ist aus der Gruppe: ein Fluorether; ein Fluoramin; ein Fluorketon; und Gemische derselben; insbesondere eine Organofluorverbindung, die nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 23 ausgewählt ist und vorzugsweise ein Fluorketon (18a) oder ein Gemisch von Fluorketonen (18a) ist, und das flüssige Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a, 18b) und/oder flüssige Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a, 18b) in eine Einspritzzone (5, 6, 71) des Leistungsschalters (1) eingespritzt wird.
  32. Verfahren nach Anspruch 31, wobei das Fluorketon (18a) oder Gemisch von Fluorketonen (18a) zur verbesserten Löschung eines in dem Leistungsschalter (1) gebildeten Lichtbogens in ein Heizvolumen (5) und/oder einen Kompressionsraum (6) des Leistungsschalters (1) eingespritzt wird; oder wobei das Fluorketon (18a) oder Gemisch von Fluorketonen (18a) zur verbesserten Kühlung von im Leistungsschalter (1) befindlichen Abgasen in ein Abgasvolumen (71) des Leistungsschalters (1) eingespritzt wird.
  33. Verwendung eines Fluorketons (18a) oder eines Gemisches von Fluorketonen (18a) als Lichtbogenlöschmedium (18; 18a) und/oder Abgaskühlmedium (18; 18a), das in flüssiger Form in einen Leistungsschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 29 eingespritzt wird.
EP12801554.2A 2011-12-13 2012-12-12 Schutzschalter mit flüssigkeitsinjektion Revoked EP2791959B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12801554.2A EP2791959B1 (de) 2011-12-13 2012-12-12 Schutzschalter mit flüssigkeitsinjektion

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EPPCT/EP2011/072553 2011-12-13
EPPCT/EP2011/072552 2011-12-13
EP12801554.2A EP2791959B1 (de) 2011-12-13 2012-12-12 Schutzschalter mit flüssigkeitsinjektion
PCT/EP2012/075213 WO2013087687A1 (en) 2011-12-13 2012-12-12 Circuit breaker with fluid injection

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EP2791959A1 EP2791959A1 (de) 2014-10-22
EP2791959B1 true EP2791959B1 (de) 2016-03-09

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Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3150245A (en) 1957-09-13 1964-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Liquefied gas circuit interrupters
DE1210473B (de) 1961-07-20 1966-02-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Leistungsschalter
CA1112695A (en) 1977-12-15 1981-11-17 Martin Hudis Gas blast breaker with rapid thermal and dielectric recovery
US4698469A (en) 1985-05-15 1987-10-06 Alsthom Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker operating in a very low temperature environment
US5159527A (en) 1991-12-05 1992-10-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Dielectric liquids
DE4412249A1 (de) 1994-04-06 1995-10-12 Siemens Ag Elektrischer Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Heizraum und einem Kompressionsraum
DE19705095C1 (de) 1997-01-31 1998-04-02 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Löschung des Schaltlichtbogens eines Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalters sowie Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
WO2000007202A2 (en) 1998-07-28 2000-02-10 Abb Adda Spa Medium- and/or high-voltage circuit breaker
EP1113475A1 (de) 1999-12-30 2001-07-04 ABB Research Ltd. Abbrandkontaktanordnung für einen Mittel- und/oder Hochspannungsschalter
DE10227414B3 (de) 2002-06-14 2004-01-15 Siemens Ag Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Aufnahmeraum für aufgeheiztes Löschgas
EP1843376A1 (de) 2006-04-05 2007-10-10 Abb Research Ltd. Schaltkammer eines Hochspannungsschalters mit einem Heizvolumen veränderbarer Grösse
US20080290069A1 (en) 2005-11-03 2008-11-27 Areva T&D Sa Interrupting Chamber Having Two Compression Chambers
DE202009018213U1 (de) 2009-06-12 2011-06-09 Abb Technology Ag Dielektrisches Isolationsmedium
DE112009002045T5 (de) 2009-06-12 2011-07-28 Abb Technology Ag Dielektrisches Isolationsmedium
WO2011090992A1 (en) 2010-01-25 2011-07-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Perfluoroketones as gaseous dielectrics

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3150245A (en) 1957-09-13 1964-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Liquefied gas circuit interrupters
DE1210473B (de) 1961-07-20 1966-02-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Leistungsschalter
CA1112695A (en) 1977-12-15 1981-11-17 Martin Hudis Gas blast breaker with rapid thermal and dielectric recovery
US4698469A (en) 1985-05-15 1987-10-06 Alsthom Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker operating in a very low temperature environment
US5159527A (en) 1991-12-05 1992-10-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Dielectric liquids
DE4412249A1 (de) 1994-04-06 1995-10-12 Siemens Ag Elektrischer Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Heizraum und einem Kompressionsraum
DE19705095C1 (de) 1997-01-31 1998-04-02 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Löschung des Schaltlichtbogens eines Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalters sowie Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
WO2000007202A2 (en) 1998-07-28 2000-02-10 Abb Adda Spa Medium- and/or high-voltage circuit breaker
EP1113475A1 (de) 1999-12-30 2001-07-04 ABB Research Ltd. Abbrandkontaktanordnung für einen Mittel- und/oder Hochspannungsschalter
DE10227414B3 (de) 2002-06-14 2004-01-15 Siemens Ag Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Aufnahmeraum für aufgeheiztes Löschgas
US20080290069A1 (en) 2005-11-03 2008-11-27 Areva T&D Sa Interrupting Chamber Having Two Compression Chambers
EP1843376A1 (de) 2006-04-05 2007-10-10 Abb Research Ltd. Schaltkammer eines Hochspannungsschalters mit einem Heizvolumen veränderbarer Grösse
DE202009018213U1 (de) 2009-06-12 2011-06-09 Abb Technology Ag Dielektrisches Isolationsmedium
DE112009002045T5 (de) 2009-06-12 2011-07-28 Abb Technology Ag Dielektrisches Isolationsmedium
WO2011090992A1 (en) 2010-01-25 2011-07-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Perfluoroketones as gaseous dielectrics

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