EP1935969A1 - Mehrfache polydisperse Kraftstoffemulsion - Google Patents

Mehrfache polydisperse Kraftstoffemulsion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1935969A1
EP1935969A1 EP06026172A EP06026172A EP1935969A1 EP 1935969 A1 EP1935969 A1 EP 1935969A1 EP 06026172 A EP06026172 A EP 06026172A EP 06026172 A EP06026172 A EP 06026172A EP 1935969 A1 EP1935969 A1 EP 1935969A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
emulsion
set forth
composite
emulsions
precursor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06026172A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrick c/o Quadrise Canada Fuel Brunelle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diamond QC Technologies Inc
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Diamond QC Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diamond QC Technologies Inc filed Critical Diamond QC Technologies Inc
Priority to EP06026172A priority Critical patent/EP1935969A1/de
Priority to EP07855584A priority patent/EP2066765A4/de
Priority to JP2009541710A priority patent/JP2010513607A/ja
Priority to MX2009006531A priority patent/MX2009006531A/es
Priority to CA002673273A priority patent/CA2673273A1/en
Priority to CN200780051285A priority patent/CN101627105A/zh
Priority to US12/519,811 priority patent/US20100043277A1/en
Priority to PCT/CA2007/002302 priority patent/WO2008074138A1/en
Priority to EA200970608A priority patent/EA200970608A1/ru
Publication of EP1935969A1 publication Critical patent/EP1935969A1/de
Priority to JP2013232243A priority patent/JP2014055304A/ja
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B01F23/4105—Methods of emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/82—Combinations of dissimilar mixers
    • B01F33/821—Combinations of dissimilar mixers with consecutive receptacles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/16—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
    • F17D1/17—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity by mixing with another liquid, i.e. diluting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydrocarbon emulsion formation where the emulsion has a plurality of particle modal distributions and further relates to a method of transporting the emulsion.
  • Emulsified hydrocarbon fuels have become increasingly important as a useful fuel for steam generation in power plant and other steam raising facilities to replace coal and petroleum coke, has environmental drawbacks, and natural gas which is relatively more expensive.
  • the high cost of natural gas has particular ramifications in the petroleum processing art and specifically in the steam assisted gravity drainage technique (SAGD) as related to the production of heavy oils and natural bitumens.
  • SAGD steam assisted gravity drainage technique
  • the SAGD and congener techniques require the use of steam turbines for injecting steam into a subterranean formation to mobilize highly viscous hydrocarbon material.
  • natural gas has been used to fire the steam generators, however, this is unattractive from a financial point of view and has other inherent drawbacks.
  • With the advent of emulsified hydrocarbons, especially those manufactured from hydrocarbons or their products from indigenous hydrocarbon production it has been found that the heat content is adequate to burn in a steam generation environment.
  • MSAR TM Multi-Phase Superfine Atomized Residue
  • Quadrise Ltd. emulsified fuels
  • MSAR TM is an oil-in-water emulsion fuel where the oil is a hydrocarbon with an API gravity between 15 and -10. Typical oil-water ratios lie in the range 65% to 74%. Because of the presence of oil droplets in water, MSAR TM is essentially a pre-atomized fuel.
  • the burner atomizer does not do mechanical work to produce oil droplets, as in conventional fuel oil combustion, but that it is the emulsion manufacturing equipment that produces the oil droplets.
  • Pre-atomization literally means 'before the atomizer' and so the MSAR TM manufacturing equipment is essentially the atomizer of this process.
  • Typical mean droplet size characteristics of MSAR TM are around 5 microns, whereas typical mean droplet size characteristics produced during fuel oil atomization in a burner atomizer are between 150 and 200 microns. Therefore, the enormous increase in surface area brought about by producing much smaller droplets in the MSAR TM production process, compared with a conventional burner atomizer, leads to much more rapid and complete combustion, despite the fact that there are significant quantities of water present.
  • MSAR TM passes through a conventional atomizer, as it must do in order to be combusted, 150 - 200 micron water droplets containing the 5 micron oil droplets are formed. Water therefore finds itself located in the interstitial zones between each assembly of oil droplets. This interstitial water, between the oil droplets, spontaneously vaporizes and this leads to further break-up of the already small (5 micron) droplets. This process is known as secondary atomization. Because of this secondary atomization and the earlier described pre-atomization, MSAR TM has been found to be a particularly effective fuel, with a carbon burnout rate of 99.99%.
  • Carbon burnout is obviously an important aspect of any combustion process and the fact that MSAR TM carbon burnout is so high, substantially reduces the amount of carbon coated ash that collects in the burner and/or furnace. As is known, if the carbon burnout is low, then carbon will deposit with ash and on boiler surfaces and will effectively lead to the production of coke; this leads to inefficiencies and/or inoperability in the overall process. By providing a 99.99% carbon burnout rate, these problems are obviated.
  • the present invention has now collated the most desirable properties for a fuel emulsion where the final emulsion is effectively a composite emulsion of at least two precursory emulsions and which composite emulsion provides for a unimodal distribution, i.e. a single peak, emulsion as opposed to bimodal distribution which is exemplified in the prior art.
  • Unimodal refers to a majority peak with the potential for shoulders, but absent discrete peaks.
  • the present invention has successfully unified unrelated technologies to result in a particularly efficient composite fuel emulsion.
  • One aspect of the present invention is to provide a substantially improved atomized fuel emulsion, which emulsion is a composite fuel emulsion having very desirable burn properties, calorific value and which can be custom designed for burning in any furnace or burning arrangement which is vastly different from the prior art.
  • an emulsified hydrocarbon fuel comprising a composite of a plurality of hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions, the composite emulsion having a unimodal hydrocarbon particle distribution, the hydrocarbon being present in an amount of between 64% and 90% by volume.
  • the precursor emulsions may contain the same hydrocarbon material or different hydrocarbon materials depending upon the specific use of the emulsion.
  • the particle size distributions and droplet size may be the same or different.
  • the hydrocarbon material will be different in the discrete emulsions.
  • the composite emulsion may be a composite emulsion combined with a hydrocarbon in water emulsion. Similar to that noted above, the composite emulsion and hydrocarbon in water may comprise the same or different hydrocarbon material, same or different droplet size and/or the same or different particle size distribution.
  • a method of formulating a composite emulsion made from different hydrocarbon materials which possess widely differing viscosities and therefore widely differing emulsion preparation temperatures Consequently, the precursor emulsion which is made at the lower temperature can be used as a cooling agent when mixed with the precursor emulsion which is made at the higher temperature. This obviates or reduces the need to use heat exchangers to reduce the temperature of emulsions which are made above 100 deg C to below 100 deg C prior to storage.
  • a method of formulating a composite emulsion having unimodal particle distribution with reduced viscosity relative to precursor emulsions used to form said composite emulsion : providing a system having an n-modal particle distribution; forming a precursor emulsion for each n-modal distribution present in the system, each precursor emulsion having a characteristic viscosity; and mixing precursor emulsions to form the composite emulsion with a unimodal size distribution and reduced viscosity relative to each precursor emulsion.
  • a still further aspect of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for transporting viscous hydrocarbon material comprising: providing a source of hydrocarbon material; generating a plurality of emulsions of the hydrocarbon material, each emulsion having a characteristic viscosity, each emulsion having a different particle size distribution; mixing the plurality of emulsions in a predetermined ratio to form a composite emulsion having a lower viscosity relative to the plurality of emulsions; and mobilizing the composite emulsion.
  • a still further aspect of one embodiment of the present invention is a method of maximizing viscous hydrocarbon content in an aqueous system for storage or transport, comprising: providing a hydrocarbon emulsion having a hydrocarbon internal phase volume sufficiently high such that the droplets in the emulsion are aspherical; converting the emulsion at least to a bimodal emulsion system; forming at least two precursor emulsions from the system; mixing the precursor emulsions in a predetermined ratio to effect reduced viscosity; and synthesizing a composite emulsion from the precursor emulsions having the reduced viscosity.
  • a still further aspect of one embodiment of the present invention is a method of formulating a composite emulsion having unimodal particle distribution with reduced viscosity relative to precursor emulsions: providing a system having an n-modal particle distribution; forming a precursor emulsion for each modal distribution present in the system; each the precursor emulsion having a characteristic viscosity; forming a plurality of composite emulsions each having a unimodal size distribution and reduced viscosity relative to each the precursor emulsions; and mixing the composite emulsions to form an amalgamated composite emulsion having a unimodal particle distribution and reduced viscosity relative to the viscosity of the composite emulsions.
  • the HIPR (High Internal Phase Ratio) emulsions which have extremely high hydrocarbon material content in the emulsion, could also be transported efficiently.
  • these emulsions can be converted to at least a bimodal or n-modal emulsion system depending upon the number of particle size distributions within the HIPR emulsion and then these individual bimodal emulsions could be formed into precursor emulsions and mixed to form a composite emulsion in accordance with the methodology previously discussed herein.
  • aspherical or substantially non-spherical oil in water particles can be reconfigured or converted into discreet modes for individual emulsion synthesis with subsequent mixing for composition of a more favorably transportable composite emulsion.
  • This has particular utility in permitting mobilization of high hydrocarbon content material without expensive unit operations conventionally attributed to processes in the prior art such as pre-heating, the addition of diluents or other viscosity reducing agents.
  • the material can simply be converted, to a composite emulsion and once so converted, inherently has the same transportation advantages of the composite emulsions discussed herein previously.
  • a method of modifying at least one of the combustion, storage and transportation characteristics of an emulsion during at least one of pre-formation, at formation and post formation comprising: providing an emulsion; treating the emulsion to a unit selected from the groups consisting of additive addition, mechanical processing, chemical processing, physical processing and combinations thereof; and modifying at least one characteristic of the characteristics of the emulsion from treatment.
  • the synthesis mechanism includes two broad steps denoted by numerals 12 and 14.
  • step 12 a hydrocarbon material 16 is mixed with water 20 containing a surfactant 18 and the material, as a mixture, is mixed in a mixing device 22.
  • the hydrocarbon material may comprise any hydrocarbon material fuel, non limiting examples of which include natural gas, bitumen, fuel oil, heavy oil, residuum, emulsified fuel, multiphase superfine atomized residue (MSAR TM ) asphaltenes, petcoke, coal, and combinations thereof. It is desirable to employ hydrocarbon material of less than 18 API.
  • hydrocarbon material of less than 18 API.
  • emulsion stabilizer a chemical composition which presents premature phase separation of the emulsion
  • the surfactants are useful for this as well as a host of other members in the class of stabilizers.
  • the surfactants may be non-ionic, zwitterionic, cationic or anionic or mixtures thereof. Further, they may be in a liquid, solid or gaseous state. It is well within the purview of the scope of this invention to use combinations of materials to achieve a properly dispersed system normally attributable to emulsions.
  • the mixer may comprise any suitable mixer known to those skilled in the art. Suitable amounts for the emulsion stabilizer or surfactant comprise between 0.01% by weight to 5.0% by weight of the emulsion with the hydrocarbon comprising any amount up to 90% by weight.
  • a mixer such as a colloidal mill, is used. Once the materials are subjected to the colloidal mill a first precursor emulsion 24 is generated. Similar steps are effected to result in the second precursory emulsion 24', with common steps from the preparation of emulsion one being denoted by similar numerals with prime designations.
  • a mixing device 26 which may comprise a similar shear apparatus as the colloidal mill or more likely a further selected device such as an in-line static mixer.
  • one of the emulsions will have a smaller average particle diameter relative to the second emulsion.
  • These are then mixed together in a predetermined ratio to form the composite emulsion 28 which is a multiple polydispersed fuel emulsion.
  • the preset ratio can be determined by making use of a particle packing algorithm such as that which has been set forth in the discussion of the prior art. The use of this algorithm was previously applied to solid based rocket fuels and by making use of the algorithm in the synthesis of a composite emulsion, a very successful result has been encountered.
  • the composite emulsion has a viscosity that is less than the viscosity of the precursor emulsions by a factor of between 3 and 5 times the viscosity of the precursor emulsion containing the small droplets.
  • A. further advantage that flows from this unification of unrelated technologies is the requirement for lower preheat temperatures in the composite emulsion as opposed to those preheat temperatures required for the previous or precursor emulsions.
  • the composite emulsion also has been found to have much improved dynamic and static stability and handling (anything in-between manufacture and burner tip, e.g. storage, valves, pipes, tanks, etc) characteristics and therefore easier storage and transportation possibilities.
  • the composite emulsions provided greater than 99.99% carbon burnout, despite the fact that the emulsion contained a high percentage of the hydrocarbon material in water.
  • Figure 1A shown is a variation of the overall arrangement shown in Figure 1 .
  • the process may be modified at various stages to effect the transportation storage and/or combustion of the individual components within the emulsions or the composite emulsion itself.
  • Figure 1A provides for modification of at least one of the above noted aspects by modification at the pre-synthesis mixing point prior to the surfactant and water entering the mill 22 as denoted by numeral 30 or as a further option by modifying the hydrocarbon prior to introduction to the mill, this step being indicated by numeral 32.
  • the emulsion may be modified at the point of fabrication, denoted by numeral 34 or subsequent to formation at 36.
  • first emulsion 24 and second emulsion 24' may modified at mixer 26 denoted by numeral 38 or subsequently modified once the composite emulsion 28 has been formed. This step is denoted by numeral 40.
  • the emulsion may be modified in terms of combustion, storage and/or transportation characteristics during at least one of pre-formation, at formation and post formation where the modification involves a unit operation selected from at least additive addition, mechanical processing, chemical processing and physical processing, as well as combinations thereof.
  • the additive addition will be discussed herein after.
  • FIG. 2 shown is a schematic graphical illustration of particle size as a function of the amount of shear. This permits the selection of different particle size distributions for the emulsions by changing the amount of shear used to make particles for the emulsion. It is known that the amount of shear is related to the average particle size and width of distribution as shown in Figure 2 . The lowest droplet size is related to the parameters used to formulate the emulsion. The shear amount is increased by increasing the residence time in the mixing device, or increasing the speed at which the rotatable mixing device rotates.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B shown are schematic graphical illustrations of viscosity as a function of a ratio of small droplets versus big droplets with the larger droplets being represented on the left hand side of the graphs.
  • FIG. 4 shown is a schematic illustration of the percent of the oil content in the emulsion as a function of the length of furnace required to completely burn the fuel.
  • FIG. 5 shown is pre-mix particle distributions for a bimodal system where numeral 1 represents an emulsion containing surfactant with 70% North Eastern Alberta bitumen with the balance comprising water.
  • the first distribution was formulated using a high shear mixer at a high revolution.
  • the median particle size in this distribution was 5 microns whereas in distribution number 2, the median particle size was 24 microns.
  • the premix it is evident that each emulsion possesses a distinctly different mean and median droplet size.
  • Figure 6 is a graphical representation of viscosity as a function of percentage of 5 micron MSAR TM emulsion and 24 micron MSAR TM used in the mixture.
  • Inset Figure 6A is a distribution representation for a 20% 5 micron and 80% 24 micron mixture having a characteristic viscosity indicated by the arrow in the graph of Figure 6
  • Figure 6B is an inset where the mixture or composite emulsion contained 80% 5 micron particle size and 20% 24 micron particle size with the arrow pointing in Figure 6 to the characteristic viscosity
  • inset Figure 6C depicts a 50/50 blend of 24 micron and 5 micron particles with the characteristic of viscosity being indicated by the arrow. From a review of Figures 6A through 6C , it is evident that the particle distribution representations are effectively unimodal despite containing two individual emulsions which independently possess distinctly different mean and median droplet sizes.
  • Figure 7 provides a North Eastern Alberta bitumen particle distribution where there is a greater degree of overlap between the two modal distributions in view of the median particle size.
  • similar materials were used with respect to the previous discussion with the 5 micron median particle distribution being represented by numeral 1 which occurred at a relatively high speed, whereas peak 2 comprises medial particle distribution of 10 microns which was created at a lower speed. This is an example; mixing can occur in a low and high intensity mixer with the rpm selected based on final requirements.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a viscosity as a function of the percentage of 5 micron MSAR TM used in the precursory emulsion and percentage of 10 micron MSAR TM used in the second precursory emulsion.
  • Insets 8A, 8B, and 8C illustrate particle distributions for composite emulsion formed from the 5 and 10 micron individual emulsions for 5 and 10 micron percentages of 20% and 80%, 50% and 50%, and 80% and 20%, respectively.
  • Individual arrows from each of insets 8A through 8C are representative of the viscosity of the individual final composite mixtures of insets 8A, 8B and 8C.
  • Figure 9 a further hydrocarbon material was employed for synthesizing the composite emulsion.
  • Figure 9 illustrates the individual distributions for a 6 micron and 12 micron mode where both precursor emulsions were formed using a suitable surfactant and a 70% content of refinery tank 9 with a balance of water. The contents of the refinery residue are approximately 10% gas oil and 90% viscous hydrocarbon material. The 6 micron distribution was generated at a relatively high speed, whereas the 12 micron was generated at a lower speed.
  • Figure 10 illustrates the viscosity as a function of the MSAR TM mixture composed of 5 microns in the first emulsion and 12 microns in the second emulsion.
  • Figures 10A through 10C illustrate the results of the particle distribution in the composite emulsion for the 6 and 12 micron particles in the following percentages: 20% and 80%, 50% and 50% and 80% and 20%, respectively.
  • each has a characteristic viscosity indicated on the graphical representation of Figure 10 .
  • the composite emulsion in all cases is effectively unimodal and accordingly provides a broad particle size distribution.
  • Figure 11 tabulates the characteristics of pre-cursor emulsion where emulsion number 1 comprises 6 micron median particle size distribution and emulsion 2 a 16 micron median particle size distribution.
  • the surfactant was employed as the surfactant with the hydrocarbon material comprising 70% 80/100 Asphalt with the balance being water:
  • the 6 micron distribution was formulated using the mill at a relatively high speed where the 16 micron was synthesized at a lower speed.
  • Figure 12 Similar data to the examples presented previously are presented in Figure 12 where the viscosity is represented.
  • Figures 12A through 12C represent specific composite emulsion formulations of 6 and 16 micron distributions in the following amounts: 20% and 80%, 80% and 20%, and 50% and 50%, respectively.
  • the composite emulsion demonstrates a unimodal particle distribution with characteristic viscosities for each of the insets 12A through 12C.
  • a host of very useful features flow from the use of this methodology not only to make an improved emulsified fuel with higher carbon burnout than the individual emulsions in the composite, but also the lower water requirement for transportation.
  • HIPR emulsions which are characteristically composed of aspherical particles which are generally polyhedral which can be converted into individual emulsions and then subsequently combined to form a composite mixture having the advantages that flow from the instant technology.
  • the HIPR emulsions can be converted to provide the desirable properties of a composite emulsion in terms of having a wider particle distribution with reduced viscosity and improved combustion. It is a well known fact that HIPR emulsions have exceptionally high viscosities, and are very shear thinning.
  • the emulsion technology set forth herein allows the emulsion to be designed for the furnace or burning arrangement individually as opposed to having to design a furnace to specifically burn the emulsion.
  • the cost savings on this point are extremely substantial; the modification of the emulsion is obviously a much less involved exercise than having to design and fabricate a new piece of expensive equipment.
  • the precursor emulsions are not limited in number and are well within the scope of the instant technology to provide an n-modal system.
  • the individual emulsions would have to be formulated and then subsequently mixed together to form the composite emulsion as an attendant feature to this aspect of the invention, individual groups of emulsions may be mixed to form composite emulsions and the so formed composite emulsions then further mixed to form an amalgamated emulsion of individual composite emulsions.
  • the composite may be reintroduced into a shear or mixing device to form a processed composite emulsion.
  • the initial temperature for the MSAR TM fuel 1 was a fuel temperature of 85°C and was slowly increased to 100°C, based on the flame characteristics observed.
  • MSAR TM blend or the composite emulsion provides a high thermal efficiency which exceeds the value for the 5 ⁇ m MSAR TM and approximates the 22 ⁇ m MSAR TM .
  • Table 2 provides flue gas emission data which again provides evidence that the NO x and SO 2 emissions are very appealing from an environmental point of view in the blend. It is particularly note worthy that the MSAR TM blend composite has a lower carbon content in the particulates and a lower CO concentration in the flue gas than the precursor emulsions, indicating a much better carbon burnout for the composite emulsion.
  • FIG. 13 shown is a photograph of a burner where the North Eastern Alberta bitumen MSAR TM fuel 1 is being combusted.
  • the flame shape is illustrated in the Figure.
  • Figure 14 illustrates a side view of the flame from the burner of the fuel being burned in Figure 13 .
  • Figures 15 and 16 illustrate the coke deposit on the nozzle of the burner after the first run of burn, while Figure 16 illustrates the coke deposit on the nozzle of the burner after a second run; the difference being fairly significant.
  • Figure 17 provides a view of the burner during the burn of the North Eastern Alberta bitumen MSAR TM fuel 2.
  • Figure 18 illustrates the coke deposit on the nozzle of the burner subsequent to the combustion of the MSAR TM fuel 2.
  • Figure 19 the burning of the composite emulsion is indicated in the photograph. It is interesting to note that the flame shape is much more consolidated than the flame shape of the individual precursor emulsions when burned. This is further corroborated by Figure 20 , which shows a fairly significant flame length and intensity when taken from a side view of the burner. As discussed herein previously with respect to the burn characteristics and other features of the composite emulsion, Figure 21 illustrates the cleanliness of the flame; the coke deposit on the nozzle subsequent to burning is virtually non-existent when one compares this illustration with the coke deposits from Figure 16 relating to the combustion of MSAR TM fuel 1.
  • the composite emulsion has many significant benefits over the burning of the precursor emulsions and in many cases approximates the beneficial features of burning natural gas.
  • the combustion of the composite emulsion provides a more desirable energy output from a lower monoxide emission, lower coke deposits at the burner nozzle, lower sulfur dioxide emissions among other very desirable properties.
  • the composite emulsion flame characteristics provide for a much brighter and more stable flame with less brownish discolouration, lower carbon monoxide emission among other features.
EP06026172A 2006-12-18 2006-12-18 Mehrfache polydisperse Kraftstoffemulsion Withdrawn EP1935969A1 (de)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06026172A EP1935969A1 (de) 2006-12-18 2006-12-18 Mehrfache polydisperse Kraftstoffemulsion
CN200780051285A CN101627105A (zh) 2006-12-18 2007-12-18 多分散复合材料乳液
JP2009541710A JP2010513607A (ja) 2006-12-18 2007-12-18 多分散混成エマルション
MX2009006531A MX2009006531A (es) 2006-12-18 2007-12-18 Emulsiones compuestas polidispersas.
CA002673273A CA2673273A1 (en) 2006-12-18 2007-12-18 Polydispersed composite emulsions
EP07855584A EP2066765A4 (de) 2006-12-18 2007-12-18 Polydisperse verbundemulsionen
US12/519,811 US20100043277A1 (en) 2006-12-18 2007-12-18 Polydispersed composite emulsions
PCT/CA2007/002302 WO2008074138A1 (en) 2006-12-18 2007-12-18 Polydispersed composite emulsions
EA200970608A EA200970608A1 (ru) 2006-12-18 2007-12-18 Полидисперсные эмульсии композита
JP2013232243A JP2014055304A (ja) 2006-12-18 2013-11-08 多分散混成エマルション

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06026172A EP1935969A1 (de) 2006-12-18 2006-12-18 Mehrfache polydisperse Kraftstoffemulsion

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EP1935969A1 true EP1935969A1 (de) 2008-06-25

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EP06026172A Withdrawn EP1935969A1 (de) 2006-12-18 2006-12-18 Mehrfache polydisperse Kraftstoffemulsion
EP07855584A Withdrawn EP2066765A4 (de) 2006-12-18 2007-12-18 Polydisperse verbundemulsionen

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EP07855584A Withdrawn EP2066765A4 (de) 2006-12-18 2007-12-18 Polydisperse verbundemulsionen

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US (1) US20100043277A1 (de)
EP (2) EP1935969A1 (de)
JP (2) JP2010513607A (de)
CN (1) CN101627105A (de)
CA (1) CA2673273A1 (de)
EA (1) EA200970608A1 (de)
MX (1) MX2009006531A (de)
WO (1) WO2008074138A1 (de)

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WO2018206904A2 (en) 2017-05-10 2018-11-15 Quadrise International Ltd Oil-in-water emulsions
US10704003B2 (en) 2015-11-06 2020-07-07 Quadrise International Limited Oil-in-water emulsions

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EP1935969A1 (de) * 2006-12-18 2008-06-25 Diamond QC Technologies Inc. Mehrfache polydisperse Kraftstoffemulsion
WO2012023934A2 (en) 2010-08-18 2012-02-23 Sun Chemical Corporation Design of high speed solvent-based flexographic/rotogravure printing inks
US9975206B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2018-05-22 Micronic Mydata AB Composition of solid-containing paste
WO2012150105A1 (en) 2011-04-08 2012-11-08 Micronic Mydata AB Composition of solid-containing paste
JP2020093200A (ja) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-18 株式会社Ｎｆラボ 調整された微小粒子径の液体、気体又は固体を含有する混合物の製造方法

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