EP1932642B1 - Process for connecting wooden parts - Google Patents
Process for connecting wooden parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1932642B1 EP1932642B1 EP06025644A EP06025644A EP1932642B1 EP 1932642 B1 EP1932642 B1 EP 1932642B1 EP 06025644 A EP06025644 A EP 06025644A EP 06025644 A EP06025644 A EP 06025644A EP 1932642 B1 EP1932642 B1 EP 1932642B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- oscillation
- contact surfaces
- parts
- wooden
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
- B27M3/002—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected at their ends
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for joining wood parts according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such methods are used in many fields, especially in the production of frames such as sash or window frame for windows and doors or blinds shutters of frame parts and any other parts and of Components for wooden facades and conservatories from smaller individual parts.
- a generic method in which, for example, frame parts are first completely painted, in particular, in each case a topcoat, preferably an acrylic paint is applied. Then the topcoat is softened at the contact surfaces of the parts by means of a solvent and finally the Contact surfaces of the parts to be joined pressed against each other, whereupon the topcoat is allowed to harden.
- This method in principle, considerably facilitates the production of the frames, since only the substantially smaller frame parts have to be painted.
- the precision requirements in the production of the frame parts in the area of the contact surfaces are very high.
- the structuring of the contact surfaces by means of grooves and cones may mean that some surfaces cut across the fiber (so-called end grain wood) lie on the surface of the frame, where water can penetrate and cause corrosion.
- thermosetting material reaches a temperature of 150 ° C to 350 ° C and melts. After a holding time of up to 15 seconds, the thermosetting material is allowed to cure, resulting in a load-bearing connection.
- duroplastic material for example resin or a polymer such as polyurethane
- the invention is based on the object to improve the known generic method to the effect that facilitates its execution and the requirements for accuracy in the formation of the wooden parts, in particular their contact surfaces are smaller.
- the composite component produced by the process should be very resistant to water penetration and corrosion in general.
- a significant advantage is that only contact surfaces are aligned transversely to the fiber, but which are completely covered, so that no transverse to the fiber surface of one of the wood parts is located on the surface of the component. So there is no so-called end grain at the junction.
- end grain wood also offers less resistance to mold, blue stain and insects, attacks by these pests are considerably more difficult in the case of components produced by the process according to the invention, so that it may be possible to dispense with the use of environmentally harmful paint additives such as fungicides, insecticides and blueness.
- the inventive method is used to connect two or more usually elongated wooden parts. It will be further illustrated by the example of the connection of four mitred frame parts to an outer frame, e.g. the frame of a window sash or a frame, explained in which frame parts are simultaneously connected in pairs. However, the possible applications of the method according to the invention go beyond that.
- Fig. 1 . 2 show frame parts 1a, 1b and 1a-d.
- the four elongated, lying in a frame plane frame parts 1a-d form a frame 2, which surrounds an opening.
- Each of the frame parts 1a-d is cut to length from a single wood profile, which may be in one piece or consist of a plurality of parallel sub-profiles which are connected to one another, for example adhesively bonded.
- the fiber extends in each case substantially in the longitudinal direction.
- the frame parts 1a-d thus have - apart from two end sections - over their length in each case the same constant cross-sections.
- each of the frame parts 1a-d is provided with flat contact surfaces 3, 4 which run in miter, in particular perpendicular to the frame plane and obliquely in opposite directions, in particular 45 ° to the longitudinal direction of the respective frame part.
- the contact surfaces of all frame parts 1a-d are the same in shape and dimensions. They are each transverse - in the present case at 45 °, ie obliquely - aligned to the longitudinal direction of the frame parts 1a-d and thus to the fiber.
- the frame parts are each completely painted, that is covered with a lacquer layer of primer, primer and topcoat, wherein the Topcoat is cured at least so far that he is touched.
- the topcoat may be, for example, an acrylic varnish.
- the frame parts 1a-d are now ( Fig. 2 ) are arranged so that a first contact surface 3 of each of the frame parts 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d each congruent to a second contact surface 4 of the following on the same frame part 1b; 1c; 1d; 1a abuts, beginning with the first contact surface 3 of the first frame part 1a and the second contact surface 4 of the second frame part 1b and ending with the first contact surface 3 of the fourth frame part 1d and the second contact surface 4 of the first frame part 1a.
- the frame parts 1a-d are attached to pairs of respectively engaging at the end portions brackets 5a-d, in which the frame parts 1a-d, for example by clamping frictionally or positively secured, such that each contact surfaces 3, 4 successive frame parts abut each other ,
- the brackets 5a-d exert on the frame parts 1a-d an elastic force directed against the center of the frame 2, so that abutting contact surfaces 3, 4 of successive frame parts are pressed together with a welding pressure of up to 3N / mm 2 .
- the holders 5a-d are then also impressed with translatory oscillations during a welding phase which are transmitted to the respective frame part.
- the vibrations are in each case coordinated so that the abutting contact surfaces 3, 4 successive frame parts each relative to one another a certain vibration direction, which is parallel to the contact surfaces, perform the following cyclic Reibschwingung, ie the contact surfaces rub against each other.
- This will be vibrations with frequencies below 500Hz, preferably between 100Hz and 240Hz used with amplitudes between 0.2mm and 3mm.
- the two brackets that engage a frame part for example, the brackets 5a on the frame part 1a, are usually offset by separate drives in vibration. However, the drives are tuned to each other in terms of frequency and amplitude, and preferably also in terms of phase.
- the welding pressure and the friction vibrations are maintained over a welding time of between 0.2s and 10s. Because of the relatively low frequencies, heat is not generated to any significant extent at the locations where the respective frame part is held, so that no softening of the topcoat occurs. Because of the orientation of the frictional vibrations of the contact surfaces parallel to the same but relatively large amplitudes can be selected so that at the contact surfaces by friction between them quickly relatively much heat is released.
- the topcoat is melted in such a way that in case of deviations of the contact surfaces of the ideal geometry -. due to uneven layer thickness of the paint - where there is an excess, a stronger melting takes place. This automatically compensates for deviations, which reduces the accuracy requirements and allows larger tolerances.
- the vibrations of the holders 5a-d are terminated at the same time and at most maintain a holding pressure during a holding time of up to 10 seconds, which preferably corresponds to the welding pressure equivalent. Subsequently, the compounds are sufficiently strong and the brackets 5a-d are released and the frame 2 removed. Finally, the topcoat is allowed to cure completely, which may take 48 hours, for example.
- the vibrations of the pairs of brackets 5a-d can, as in Fig. 2 indicated, aligned and tuned so that the frame parts 1a-d each perform about a sine following vibrations of equal frequencies and amplitudes in the longitudinal direction, with tuning their phases such that when the overhead first frame part 1a moves to the left, the left second Frame part 1b moves down, the underlying third frame part 1c to the right and the right fourth frame part 1d upwards.
- the holders 5a-d to be moved so that the frame parts 1a-d are each subjected to translational vibrations in the frame plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- the oscillations which in turn are of equal frequency and amplitude, must be adjusted in phase so that the upper frame part 1a and the lower frame part 1c oscillate against each other, ie both move towards or away from the frame center, and likewise the two lateral frame parts 1b, 1d.
- the lateral frame parts 1b, 1d must each move towards them and vice versa.
- the holders 5a-d as in Fig. 4 indicated in each case impose a perpendicular to the frame plane aligned vibration. Again the vibrations have equal frequencies and amplitudes.
- the phases are chosen so that the directions of movement of the upper frame part 1a and the lower frame part 1c match, as well as the directions of movement of the lateral frame parts 1b, 1d.
- the direction of movement of the last-mentioned pair of frame parts 1b, 1d is always opposite that of the first-mentioned pair of frame parts 1a, 1c, so that the relative movements of the abutting contact surfaces 3, 4 are each maximum.
- the two holders swing with different phase, for example, each with a phase shift of 180 °, so that the corresponding frame part as a whole performs a rotational movement, for example, about its center of gravity, while the friction vibrations of the contact surfaces are practically translational.
- the described procedures can be carried out with slight deviations even if the miter deviates from 45 °.
- the amplitudes must be adjusted and selected differently in the basic versions in the lateral frame parts 1b, 1d than in the upper frame part 1a and the lower frame part 1c. They may also be mounted on frames of more than four frame parts, e.g. hexagonal or octagonal frames are applied.
- the direction of oscillation may be located in the appropriate plane and does not need to be constant.
- other non-translatory vibrations can be selected, e.g. in that the individual holders oscillate non-translationally and the corresponding contact surfaces have a corresponding, e.g.
- the contact surfaces may also be structured, e.g. such that they are translation invariant in one direction only. In this case, the direction of oscillation must correspond to this direction.
- Fig. 5 An example of such contact surfaces is Fig. 5 refer to.
- the frame 2 is additionally provided with a central vertical strut 6 which is connected to the upper frame part 1a and the lower frame part 1c, respectively.
- the contact surface 3 '( Fig. 6 ) on the upper frame part 1a and the contact surface 4 'at the upper end of the strut 6 are thereby congruent, such that they are translation invariant in the longitudinal direction of the frame part 1a.
- the contact surface 3 ' is simply formed by a part of the inner surface of the frame part 1 a and is in each case parallel to the fiber, while the contact surface 4' of the strut 6 is at the end and perpendicular to the longitudinally extending fiber.
- the contact surface 4 'of the strut 6 is set to produce the connection with respect to the contact surface 3' of the frame part 1a in a frictional vibration which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the latter.
- the connection between the frame part 1c and the strut 6 is made.
- the attachment of the strut 6 can take place after the production of the connections between the frame parts 1a-d, but it may also be possible to make them simultaneously.
- the frame parts 1a-d as in connection with Fig. 2 connected, so the strut 6 can be pressed against the frame parts 1a, 1c and held stationary at the same time.
- a transverse strut 7 can then be connected in a separate operation in the same way with the frame part 1d and the strut 6.
- several such cross struts can be attached at the same time.
- a particular aesthetic effect can be achieved if the frame parts 1a-d are sequentially cut from a profile 8 and then connected to a frame 2, that they follow each other in the same order and corresponding orientation. For this purpose, only where then the corners of the frame 2 should come to rest, appropriate angle pieces 9 are sawn out of the profile 8 or -gefract. The grain then runs through at the corners essentially. Only at one corner - in Fig. 8 bottom left - this is not the case since there the meet opposite ends of the profile 8. Of course, the aesthetic effect only occurs if the grain remains visible. This is certainly the case when the lacquer layer is transparent, in particular colorless.
- the frame 2 is therefore very well protected and it can hardly penetrate water into the wood and also an approach of mold or blueness or attack by insects is very difficult, so too especially environmentally friendly paints which contain no insecticides, fungicides and blueness.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Joining Of Corner Units Of Frames Or Wings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von Holzteilen gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Derartige Verfahren werden auf vielen Gebieten angewandt, insbesondere bei der Herstellung von Rahmen wie Flügel- oder Blendrahmen für Fenster und Türen oder von Jalousienläden aus Rahmenteilen und allfälligen weiteren Teilen sowie von Bauteilen für Holzfassaden und Wintergärten aus kleineren Einzelteilen.The invention relates to a method for joining wood parts according to the preamble of claim 1. Such methods are used in many fields, especially in the production of frames such as sash or window frame for windows and doors or blinds shutters of frame parts and any other parts and of Components for wooden facades and conservatories from smaller individual parts.
Herkömmlich werden etwa zur Herstellung eines Flügelrahmens vier Rahmenteile innenseitig fertigbearbeitet, dann verleimt, d.h. die Kontaktflächen mit Leim bestrichen, verpresst und anschliessend ausgetretener Leim abgeputzt und der Rahmen nach abschliessender Bearbeitung der Aussenseite lackiert. Dabei werden gewöhnlich eine Grundierung, ein Vorlack und ein Decklack aufgebracht. Dieses Verfahren ist sehr aufwendig. Die Rahmen müssen ausserdem im Ganzen lackiert werden, was ihre Handhabung dabei erschwert und entsprechend dimensionierte Anlagen erfordert.Conventionally, for example, four frame parts are finished on the inside for the manufacture of a sash, then glued, i. The contact surfaces are coated with glue, pressed and then brushed off leaked glue and the frame painted after finishing the outside. Usually a primer, a precursor and a topcoat are applied. This process is very expensive. The frames must also be painted as a whole, which makes their handling difficult and requires correspondingly sized systems.
Aus der
Es sind auch verschiedene Verfahren zum Verbinden von Teilen aus Holz und anderen Materialien bekannt, bei denen zwischen den Kontaktflächen der Holzteile ein schmelzbares Bindemittel angeordnet wird und dann eines der Teile einer Schwingung unterworfen wird, welche sich auf das Bindemittel überträgt und es aufschmilzt, sodass es bei seiner anschliessenden Wiederverfestigung eine haltbare Verbindung herstellt.Various methods are also known for joining parts made of wood and other materials, in which a fusible binder is placed between the contact surfaces of the wood parts and then one of the parts is subjected to a vibration, which transfers to the binder and melts it, so that it during its subsequent reconsolidation establishes a durable connection.
So ist aus der
Aus der
Es sind auch verschiedene Verfahren bekannt, bei denen Rahmenteile aus Kunststoff oder einem Verbundstoff aus Kunststoff und Holzfasern durch Reiben zweier ebener Kontaktflächen aneinander dort aufgeweicht und verschweisst werden.There are also known various methods in which frame parts made of plastic or a composite material made of plastic and wood fibers are softened and welded together by rubbing two flat contact surfaces together.
So ist es aus
Aehnliche Verfahren zum Verbinden von Rahmenteilen aus Kunststoff sind aus
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, das bekannte gattungsgemässe Verfahren dahingehend zu verbessern, dass seine Ausführung erleichtert und die Anforderungen an die Genauigkeit bei der Formung der Holzteile, insbesondere ihrer Kontaktflächen geringer sind. Ausserdem soll das durch das Verfahren hergestellte zusammengesetzte Bauteil sehr resistent gegen das Eindringen von Wasser und gegen Korrosion im allgemeinen sein.The invention is based on the object to improve the known generic method to the effect that facilitates its execution and the requirements for accuracy in the formation of the wooden parts, in particular their contact surfaces are smaller. In addition, the composite component produced by the process should be very resistant to water penetration and corrosion in general.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die Verbindung zwischen den Holzteilen ist nicht nur sehr leicht herstellbar und das so hergestellte Bauteil praktisch fertig, sodass insbesondere keine Lackierung desselben mehr erforderlich ist, sie ist auch bei nicht ganz präzise aufeinander abgestimmten Kontaktflächen zuverlässig und belastbar.This object is solved by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1. The connection between the wooden parts is not only very easy to produce and the component produced in this way virtually finished, so that in particular no painting of the same is more necessary, it is reliable and resilient even with not very precise coordinated contact surfaces.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil liegt darin, dass lediglich Kontaktflächen quer zur Faser ausgerichtet sind, welche aber vollständig bedeckt sind, sodass keine quer zur Faser gerichtete Fläche eines der Holzteile an der Oberfläche des Bauteils liegt. Es liegt also an der Verbindungsstelle kein sogenanntes Hirnholz frei.A significant advantage is that only contact surfaces are aligned transversely to the fiber, but which are completely covered, so that no transverse to the fiber surface of one of the wood parts is located on the surface of the component. So there is no so-called end grain at the junction.
Eindringen von Wasser, das bei im Aussenbereich eingesetzten Bauteilen aus Holz ein grosses Problem darstellt, beginnt meistens am Hirnholz. Dies ist aber bei mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren hergestellten Bauteilen doppelt erschwert, da das Hirnholz von einer Lackschicht bedeckt und wasserdicht gekapselt und ausserdem durch die Anlage an einer Kontaktfläche eines weiteren Holzteils verdeckt und geschützt ist. Auch Holzteile, vor allem Rahmenteile von Blend- und Flügelrahmen usw. für den Aussenbereich können deshalb in Gehrung - schräg zur Längsrichtung und damit zur Faser - geschnitten und verbunden werden, was bisher wegen der Gefahr ungleicher Schwindung an den Kontaktflächen beim Eindringen von Wasser und dadurch verursachtes Verziehen des Bauteils nicht tunlich war. Gerade bei in Gehrung verlaufenden Kontaktflächen tritt jedoch bei Anwendung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens eine zuverlässige Kapselung des Hirnholzes ein, sodass ein Eindringen von Wasser verhindert wird.Ingress of water, which is a major problem in wooden components used outdoors, usually begins at the end grain. However, this is doubly difficult in the case of components produced by the method according to the invention, since the end grain is covered by a layer of varnish and encapsulated in a watertight manner and, moreover, concealed and protected by the abutment against a contact surface of another piece of wood. Also wooden parts, especially frame parts of glare and sash frames, etc. for outdoor use can therefore miter - oblique to the longitudinal direction and thus to the fiber - cut and connected, which was previously due to the risk of uneven shrinkage at the contact surfaces during the ingress of water and thereby caused distortion of the component was not feasible. However, especially when running in mitred contact surfaces occurs when using the inventive method a reliable encapsulation of the end grain, so that penetration of water is prevented.
Da Hirnholz auch Schimmel, Bläue und Insekten weniger Widerstand bietet, sind bei mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren hergestellten Bauteilen auch Angriffe dieser Schädlinge wesentlich erschwert, sodass u.U. auch auf den Einsatz von umweltschädlichen Lackzusätzen wie Fungiziden, Insektiziden und Bläuewidrigkeit verzichtet werden kann.Since end grain wood also offers less resistance to mold, blue stain and insects, attacks by these pests are considerably more difficult in the case of components produced by the process according to the invention, so that it may be possible to dispense with the use of environmentally harmful paint additives such as fungicides, insecticides and blueness.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Figuren, welche lediglich Ausführungsbeispiele darstellen, näher erläutert.
Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- perspektivische Teilansichten zweier Rahmenteile, einmal vor der Verbindung und einmal nach derselben,
- Fig. 2
- schematisch eine Draufsicht auf einen Rahmen mit vier Rahmenteilen während einer Schweissphase des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens gemäss einer ersten Ausführungsform,
- Fig. 3
- eine Darstellung entsprechend
Fig. 2 während einer Schweissphase des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens gemäss einer zweiten Ausführungsform und - Fig. 4
- eine Darstellung entsprechend
Fig. 2 während einer Schweissphase des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens gemäss einer dritten Ausführungsform, - Fig. 5
- schematisch eine Draufsicht auf einen Rahmen mit weiteren Rahmenteilen,
- Fig. 6
- vergrössert einen Schnitt VI-VI in
Fig. 5 , - Fig. 7
- eine Draufsicht auf ein Holzprofil und
- Fig. 8
- schematisch eine Draufsicht auf einen Rahmen, hergestellt aus Rahmenteilen, welche aus dem Holzprofil von
Fig. 7 geschnitten sind.
Show it
- Fig. 1
- partial perspective views of two frame parts, once before the connection and once after the same,
- Fig. 2
- 1 is a schematic plan view of a frame with four frame parts during a welding phase of the method according to the invention according to a first embodiment,
- Fig. 3
- a representation accordingly
Fig. 2 during a welding phase of the inventive method according to a second embodiment and - Fig. 4
- a representation accordingly
Fig. 2 during a welding phase of the method according to the invention according to a third embodiment, - Fig. 5
- schematically a plan view of a frame with further frame parts,
- Fig. 6
- enlarges a section VI-VI in
Fig. 5 . - Fig. 7
- a top view of a wooden profile and
- Fig. 8
- schematically a plan view of a frame made of frame parts, which from the wood profile of
Fig. 7 are cut.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren dient zur Verbindung von zwei oder mehreren meist länglichen Holzteilen. Es wird im weiteren am Beispiel der Verbindung von vier in Gehrung aneinanderstossenden Rahmenteilen zu einem Rahmen für den Aussenbereich, z.B. den Rahmen eines Fensterflügels oder einen Blendrahmen, erläutert, bei welchem Rahmenteile gleichzeitig paarweise miteinander verbunden werden. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens gehen jedoch darüber hinaus.The inventive method is used to connect two or more usually elongated wooden parts. It will be further illustrated by the example of the connection of four mitred frame parts to an outer frame, e.g. the frame of a window sash or a frame, explained in which frame parts are simultaneously connected in pairs. However, the possible applications of the method according to the invention go beyond that.
Die Rahmenteile 1a-d werden nun (
Dazu werden die Rahmenteile 1a-d an Paaren von jeweils an den Endbereichen angreifenden Halterungen 5a-d befestigt, in welchen die Rahmenteile 1a-d z.B. durch Klemmen reibschlüssig oder auch formschlüssig festgehalten sind, derart, dass jeweils Kontaktflächen 3, 4 aufeinanderfolgender Rahmenteile aneinander anliegen. Vorzugsweise üben die Halterungen 5a-d auf die Rahmenteile 1a-d eine gegen die Mitte des Rahmens 2 gerichtete elastische Kraft aus, sodass aneinander anliegende Kontaktflächen 3, 4 aufeinanderfolgender Rahmenteile mit einem Schweissdruck von bis zu 3N/mm2 aneinandergedrückt werden. Durch geeignete elektrische Antriebe werden dann während einer Schweissphase den Halterungen 5a-d ausserdem translatorische Schwingungen aufgeprägt, die sich auf das jeweilige Rahmenteil übertragen. Die Schwingungen werden dabei jeweils so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass die aneinander anliegenden Kontaktflächen 3, 4 aufeinanderfolgender Rahmenteile jeweils relativ zueinander eine einer bestimmten Schwingungsrichtung, die zu den Kontaktflächen parallel ist, folgende zyklische Reibschwingung ausführen, d.h. die Kontaktflächen reiben aneinander. Dabei werden Schwingungen mit Frequenzen unter 500Hz, vorzugsweise zwischen 100Hz und 240Hz eingesetzt mit Amplituden zwischen 0,2mm und 3mm. Die beiden Halterungen, die an einem Rahmenteil angreifen, z.B. die Halterungen 5a am Rahmenteil 1a, werden dabei in der Regel von separaten Antrieben in Schwingungen versetzt. Die Antriebe sind jedoch hinsichtlich der Frequenz und der Amplitude und vorzugsweise auch hinsichtlich der Phase aufeinander abgestimmt.For this purpose, the
Der Schweissdruck und die Reibschwingungen werden über eine Schweisszeit von zwischen 0,2s und 10s aufrechterhalten. Wegen der verhältnismässig niedrigen Frequenzen wird an den Stellen, wo das jeweilige Rahmenteil gehaltert ist, nicht in nennenswertem Ausmass Wärme erzeugt, sodass keine Aufweichung des Decklacks auftritt. Wegen der Ausrichtung der Reibschwingungen der Kontaktflächen parallel zu denselben können aber verhältnismässig grosse Amplituden gewählt werden, sodass an den Kontaktflächen durch Reibung zwischen denselben rasch verhältnismässig viel Wärme frei wird.The welding pressure and the friction vibrations are maintained over a welding time of between 0.2s and 10s. Because of the relatively low frequencies, heat is not generated to any significant extent at the locations where the respective frame part is held, so that no softening of the topcoat occurs. Because of the orientation of the frictional vibrations of the contact surfaces parallel to the same but relatively large amplitudes can be selected so that at the contact surfaces by friction between them quickly relatively much heat is released.
Dadurch wird der Decklack aufgeschmolzen, und zwar derart, dass bei Abweichungen der Kontaktflächen von der idealen Geometrie - z.B. wegen ungleichmässiger Schichtdicke des Lacks - dort, wo ein Ueberschuss vorhanden ist, eine stärkere Aufschmelzung eintritt. Dadurch ergibt sich von selbst ein Ausgleich von Abweichungen, was die Anforderungen an die Genauigkeit herabsetzt und grössere Toleranzen erlaubt.As a result, the topcoat is melted in such a way that in case of deviations of the contact surfaces of the ideal geometry -. due to uneven layer thickness of the paint - where there is an excess, a stronger melting takes place. This automatically compensates for deviations, which reduces the accuracy requirements and allows larger tolerances.
Am Ende der Schweissphase werden die Schwingungen der Halterungen 5a-d gleichzeitig beendet und allenfalls während einer Haltezeit von bis zu 10s ein Haltedruck aufrechterhalten, der vorzugsweise dem Schweissdruck entspricht. Anschliessend sind die Verbindungen hinreichend fest und die Halterungen 5a-d werden gelöst und der Rahmen 2 entnommen. Schliesslich lässt man den Decklack vollständig aushärten, was z.B. 48h dauern kann.At the end of the welding phase, the vibrations of the
Die Schwingungen der Paare von Halterungen 5a-d können, wie in
Es ist aber auch möglich (
Eine weitere Möglichkeit liegt darin, den Halterungen 5a-d, wie in
Bei diesen Verfahren sind die Bewegungen der beiden an einem Rahmenteil angreifenden Halterungen - etwa der am Rahmenteil 1a angreifenden Halterungen 5a - jeweils von gleicher Frequenz und Amplitude und auch in Phase, sodass die Rahmenteile 1a-d jeweils rein translatorische Reibschwingungen ausführen. Insbesondere bei der im Zusammenhang mit
Die beschriebenen Verfahrensweisen können mit geringen Abweichungen auch dann ausgeführt werden, wenn die Gehrung von 45° abweicht. In diesem Fall müssen bei der ersten und der zweiten Ausführungsform die Amplituden angepasst und in den Grundversionen bei den seitlichen Rahmenteilen 1b, 1d anders gewählt werden als beim oberen Rahmenteil 1a und dem unteren Rahmenteil 1c. Sie können auch auf Rahmen aus mehr als vier Rahmenteilen, z.B. sechs- oder achteckige Rahmen angewandt werden. Im übrigen kann bei ebenen Kontaktflächen die Schwingungsrichtung beliebig in der entsprechenden Ebene liegen und braucht auch nicht konstant zu sein. So können auch andere, nicht translatorische Schwingungen gewählt werden, z.B. indem die einzelnen Halterungen nichttranslatorisch schwingen und den entsprechenden Kontaktflächen eine entsprechende, z.B. einer Kreisbahn folgende Reibschwingung aufprägen oder indem translatorische Schwingungen zu verbindender Teile entsprechend phasenverschoben sind. Andererseits können die Kontaktflächen auch strukturiert sein, z.B. so, dass sie nur in einer Richtung translationsinvariant sind. In diesem Fall muss die Schwingungsrichtung dieser Richtung entsprechen.The described procedures can be carried out with slight deviations even if the miter deviates from 45 °. In this case, in the first and second embodiments, the amplitudes must be adjusted and selected differently in the basic versions in the
Ein Beispiel für solche Kontaktflächen ist
Die Kontaktfläche 4' der Strebe 6 wird zur Herstellung der Verbindung gegenüber der Kontaktfläche 3' des Rahmenteils 1a in eine Reibschwingung versetzt, die zur Längsrichtung des letzteren parallel ist. In gleicher Weise wird die Verbindung zwischen dem Rahmenteil 1c und der Strebe 6 hergestellt. Die Anbringung der Strebe 6 kann nach der Herstellung der Verbindungen zwischen den Rahmenteilen 1a-d erfolgen, doch ist es u.U. auch möglich, sie gleichzeitig vorzunehmen. Werden etwa die Rahmenteile 1a-d wie im Zusammenhang mit
Eine besondere ästhetische Wirkung kann erzielt werden, wenn die Rahmenteile 1a-d aufeinanderfolgend aus einem Profil 8 geschnitten und dann derart zu einem Rahmen 2 verbunden werden, dass sie in gleicher Reihenfolge und entsprechender Ausrichtung aufeinanderfolgen. Dazu müssen lediglich dort, wo dann die Ecken des Rahmens 2 zu liegen kommen sollen, entsprechende Winkelstücke 9 aus dem Profil 8 herausgesägt oder -gefräst werden. Die Maserung läuft dann an den Ecken im wesentlichen durch. Lediglich an einer Ecke - in
Ein Beispiel für eine Wahl von Parametern für die oben beschriebenen Verfahren, die sich als günstig erwiesen hat, ist:
Im allgemeinen kann die Schweisszeit umso niedriger gewählt werden, je höher Frequenz und Amplitude sind, da die erforderliche Wärme dann rascher freigesetzt wird. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, dass Schweisszeiten, die wesentlich unter 2s liegen, im allgemeinen nicht zuverlässig zu befriedigenden Resultaten führen.In general, the higher the frequency and amplitude, the lower the welding time, as the heat required is then released more rapidly. However, it has been shown that welding times which are substantially less than 2 s generally do not reliably lead to satisfactory results.
Beim fertiggestellten Rahmen 2 bedecken einander die schräg zur Faser ausgerichteten Kontaktflächen 3, 4 aufeinanderfolgender Rahmenteile jeweils ohne Rest, sodass lediglich Längsholz, aber kein Hirnholz freiliegt. Dies gilt gegebenenfalls auch für die Kontaktflächen der Strebe 6 (
Aehnliche Vorteile können auch in anderen Fällen mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren erreicht werden. So können z.B. Holzteile gerade aneinander anschliessen, wobei die wiederum deckungsgleich aneinander anliegenden Kontaktflächen wieder jeweils quer zur Faser ausgerichtet sind. Dabei ist neben einer Ausrichtung schräg zur Faser in diesem Fall auch eine Ausrichtung senkrecht zur Faser möglich. Freilich ist ersteres in der Regel günstiger, da die Kontaktflächen grösser sind.Similar advantages can also be achieved in other cases with the method according to the invention. Thus, e.g. Just connect wooden parts to each other, the again congruent abutting contact surfaces are again aligned transversely to the fiber. In this case, in addition to an orientation oblique to the fiber in this case, an orientation perpendicular to the fiber is possible. Of course, the former is usually cheaper, since the contact surfaces are larger.
- 1a,b,c,d1a, b, c, d
- Rahmenteileframe parts
- 22
- Rahmenframe
- 3, 3', 4, 4'3, 3 ', 4, 4'
- Kontaktflächencontact surfaces
- 5a,b,c,d5a, b, c, d
- Halterungenbrackets
- 66
- Strebestrut
- 77
- Querstrebecrossmember
- 88th
- Profilprofile
- 99
- Winkelstückelbow
Claims (19)
- Method for connecting at least one first wooden part which has a contact surface (3; 3') to at least one second wooden part which has at one end a contact surface (4; 4') oriented transversely to a longitudinal direction, the first wooden part and the second wooden part each being substantially completely covered by a varnish layer comprising an outer layer of hardened covering varnish, characterized in that the grain of the second wooden part extends substantially in the longitudinal direction and the contact surface (4; 4') intersects the grain and also in that the contact surfaces (3, 3') are congruent and invariant in translation at least in a direction of oscillation and, in order to establish the connection, the contact surface (4; 4') of the second wooden part is placed coextensively against the contact surface (3; 3') of the first wooden part and, during a welding phase, an oscillation is impressed on at least one of the wooden parts in such a way that the latter contact surface (3; 3') is subjected, relative to the former contact surface (4; 4'), to a frictional oscillation in the direction of oscillation having a frequency of at most 500Hz.
- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact surfaces (3, 4) are each oriented substantially transversely, in particular obliquely or perpendicularly, to the grain of the wooden part.
- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one contact surface (4') is oriented at least in part perpendicularly to the grain of the wooden part.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the frictional oscillation is in each case generated in that at least one of the wooden parts is subjected to a suitable translatory oscillation.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the contact surfaces (3, 4) are flat.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that four elongate wooden parts embodied as frame parts (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) are each connected to one another in pairs in such a way that they form a closed frame (2) which is positioned in a frame plane and surrounds an opening and the contact surfaces (3, 4) are each oriented substantially perpendicularly to the frame plane and obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the respective frame part (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d).
- Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the connections between the four frame parts (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) are established simultaneously.
- Method according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the oscillation of a frame part (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) is in each case parallel to its longitudinal direction.
- Method according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the oscillation of a frame part (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) is in each case parallel to the frame plane and at least approximately perpendicular to its longitudinal direction.
- Method according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the oscillation of a frame part (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) is in each case perpendicular to the frame plane.
- Method according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the frame parts (1a, 16, 1c, 1d) are successively cut from a profile (8) and, to produce the frame (2), are successively connected in the same order.
- Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the varnish layer is in each case transparent, preferably colourless.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the covering varnish is an acrylic varnish.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the frequency of the frictional oscillation is between 100Hz and 240Hz.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the amplitude of the frictional oscillation is between 0.2mm and 3mm.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the duration of the welding phase is a welding time of between 0.2sec and 10sec.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the contact surfaces (3, 4; 3', 4') are pressed against one another during the welding phase at a welding pressure of at most 3N/mm2.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the contact surfaces (3, 4; 3', 4') are pressed against one another after the end of the welding phase, during a holding time of preferably not more than 10sec, at a holding pressure.
- Method according to claims 17 and 18, characterized in that the holding pressure substantially corresponds to the welding pressure.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE502006006084T DE502006006084D1 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Method for joining wooden parts |
AT06025644T ATE456991T1 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | METHOD FOR JOINING WOODEN PARTS |
EP06025644A EP1932642B1 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Process for connecting wooden parts |
PCT/EP2007/010813 WO2008071390A1 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | Method for connecting wooden parts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06025644A EP1932642B1 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Process for connecting wooden parts |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1932642A1 EP1932642A1 (en) | 2008-06-18 |
EP1932642B1 true EP1932642B1 (en) | 2010-02-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP06025644A Not-in-force EP1932642B1 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | Process for connecting wooden parts |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1932642B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE456991T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE502006006084D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008071390A1 (en) |
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CN105904560A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-31 | 宁国市鼎轩文化创意有限公司 | Production technique of corrosion-resistant solid wood frame |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CH692091A5 (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 2002-01-31 | Woodwelding Ag | Method for assembly of parts made of wood or wood-like materials. |
WO1996022875A1 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-08-01 | Andersen Corporation | Vibratory welded window and door joints, method and apparatus for manufacturing the same |
DE59605998D1 (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 2000-11-23 | Fentech Ag Zug | Process for joining wooden parts |
DE19938099A1 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2001-02-15 | Exama Maschinen Gmbh | Multi-head friction welding method and device for carrying out the method |
CA2470631C (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2011-05-24 | Balz Gfeller | Method for connecting two bodies |
DE10332824A1 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-02-10 | Multi Orbital Systems Gmbh | Multi-head friction welding method and apparatus for carrying out the method |
-
2006
- 2006-12-12 DE DE502006006084T patent/DE502006006084D1/en active Active
- 2006-12-12 EP EP06025644A patent/EP1932642B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-12-12 AT AT06025644T patent/ATE456991T1/en active
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2007
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WO2008071390A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
DE502006006084D1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
ATE456991T1 (en) | 2010-02-15 |
EP1932642A1 (en) | 2008-06-18 |
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