EP1931711B1 - Antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin d - Google Patents

Antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin d Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1931711B1
EP1931711B1 EP06805884A EP06805884A EP1931711B1 EP 1931711 B1 EP1931711 B1 EP 1931711B1 EP 06805884 A EP06805884 A EP 06805884A EP 06805884 A EP06805884 A EP 06805884A EP 1931711 B1 EP1931711 B1 EP 1931711B1
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Prior art keywords
hydroxyvitamin
vitamin
antibodies
conjugate
test
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1931711A1 (en
Inventor
Erasmus Huber
Juergen Becker
Werner Kraus
Apostolos Kyriatsoulis
Rudolf Vogel
Nicole Horn
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F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Roche Diagnostics GmbH
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F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Roche Diagnostics GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/44—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material not provided for elsewhere, e.g. haptens, metals, DNA, RNA, amino acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/26—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against hormones ; against hormone releasing or inhibiting factors

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns processes for the production of antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the antibodies produced according to the invention as well as methods for detecting 25-hydroxyvitamin D using these antibodies.
  • vitamin D An adequate supply of vitamin D is vital as the term "vitamin" already suggests.
  • a deficiency of vitamin D leads to severe diseases such as rickets or osteoporosis.
  • vitamin D was still regarded as a single substance at the beginning of the last century, the vitamin D system has developed further in the course of the last three decades into a complex and manifold network of vitamin D metabolites.
  • more than 40 different vitamin D metabolic products are known ( Zerwekh, J.E., Ann. Clin. Biochem. 41 (2004) 272-281 ).
  • Vitamin D 3 that is produced in the skin binds to the so-called vitamin D-binding protein which transports it into the liver where it is converted into 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 by 25-hydroxylation.
  • a multitude of other tissues are nowadays known to be involved in vitamin D metabolism in addition to the skin and liver, the two organs that have already been mentioned (refer to Schmidt-Gayk, H. et al. (eds.), "Calcium regulating hormones, vitamin D metabolites and cyclic AMP", Springer Verlag, Heidelberg (1990), pp. 24-47 ).
  • 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and more specifically 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 are the central storage forms of vitamin-D in the human organism with regard to their amounts. When needed these precursors can be converted in the kidneys to form the biologically active 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroacyvitamin D, the so-called D hormone.
  • the biologically active vitamin D regulates among others calcium uptake from the intestine, bone mineralization and it influences a large number of other metabolic pathways such as e.g. the insulin system.
  • vitamin D is of little benefit when determining the vitamin D status of a patient, because concentrations of vitamin D (vitamin D 2 and vitamin D 3 ) fluctuate greatly depending on food uptake.
  • vitamin D has a relatively short biological half-life in the circulation (24 hours) and it is therefore also for this reason not a suitable parameter for determining the vitamin D status of a patient.
  • physiologically active forms of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D). These biologically active forms also occur in relatively small and highly fluctuating concentrations compared to 25-hydroxyvitamin D. For all these reasons the quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in particular is a suitable means to globally analyse the total vitamin D status of a patient.
  • Armbruster, F.P. et al. (WO 99/67211 ) teach that a serum or plasma sample should be prepared for vitamin D determination by ethanol precipitation. In this method the protein precipitate is removed by centrifugation and the ethanolic supernatant contains soluble vitamin D metabolites. These can be measured in a competitive binding assay.
  • EP 0 753 743 teaches that the proteins can be separated from blood or serum samples using a periodate salt.
  • vitamin D compounds are determined in the protein-free supernatant from the samples treated with periodate.
  • acetonitrile is recommended for the extraction of serum or plasma samples (e.g. in the radioimmunoassay from DiaSorin or in the vitamin D test from the "Immundiagnostik” Company).
  • EP 03 120 360 and Kobayashi et al disclose the preparation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 derivatives bearing a hapten-carrier in position 3.
  • Hummer et al (Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest., 1984, vol. 44, pages 163-167 ) describes a method for determining 25OHD3 in serum by adding vitamin D2 in the sample.
  • the present invention concerns a process for producing antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin D which comprises the following steps:
  • the invention concerns antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 which have a cross-reaction with 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 of the order of magnitude of 10 % to 1000%.
  • the present application also describes how the antibodies according to the present invention can be used for an automated test to detect 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
  • test kit for detecting 25-hydroxyvitamin D which contains the reagent compositions required for the test procedure and among others the antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin D according to the invention.
  • the present invention concerns a process for producing antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin D which comprises the following steps:
  • vitamin D is understood to include the forms of vitamin D 2 and vitamin D 3 according to the following structural formulae I and II.
  • the 25-hydroxyvitamin D denotes vitamin D metabolites that are hydroxylated at position 25 of the structural formulae I and II i.e. 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 as well as 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 .
  • 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 are particularly relevant forms of vitamin D for diagnostics.
  • 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D refers to the active forms of vitamin D (the so-called D hormones) that have a hydroxylation at position 1 as well as at position 25 of the structural formulae I and II.
  • vitamin D metabolites are 24-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 and 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 as well as 24-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 .
  • hapten is understood by a person skilled in the art as a substance which per se is not immunogenic but, by coupling to a larger carrier molecule, is present in a form against which antibodies can be generated.
  • Suitable carrier materials for the production of hapten conjugates are known to a person skilled in the art. Bovine serum albumin, ⁇ -galactosidase or the so-called keyhole limpet hemocyanine (KLH) are usually used as carrier materials.
  • KLH has proven to be a particularly suitable carrier for the method according to the invention. Hence a conjugate of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and KLH is preferably used for the immunization.
  • Various positions of the structures as they are shown in formula I and II are in : principle suitable for activation and coupling to a carrier material. Coupling via position 3 of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 or 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 has for example proven to be favourable for the generation of antibodies which bind a 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a suitable manner.
  • a conjugate is used in an immunization method according to the invention which contains 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 or 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 that has been coupled via position 3 of the backbone (cf. formulae I and II).
  • 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 is complementary to 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 and conversely 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 is complementary to 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 .
  • the same position of the vitamin D backbone for chemical coupling in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D conjugate used for the immunization and in the matrix used for the immunosorption.
  • the coupling in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 conjugate is preferably via position 3 of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 for the immunization and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 is also preferably coupled to the matrix at position 3.
  • the converse procedure is also successful i.e. immunization with a 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 conjugate and immunosorption with a matrix to which 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 is coupled.
  • a 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 conjugate is used as the immunogen conjugate and the antibodies generated with this immunogen are immuno-adsorbed onto a 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 matrix.
  • EAH-Sepharose has proven to be particularly suitable as the matrix material for the immunosorption.
  • the antibodies contained in the serum or plasma from an immunization against 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 or 25-hydroxy-vitamin D 2 are purified by immunosorption using a matrix which contains 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 or 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 .
  • EAH-Sepharose is a preferred column material.
  • the present invention concerns for example antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 which have a cross-reaction of 10 % to 1000 % with 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 .
  • the cross-reaction with the complementary 25-hydroxyvitamin D form is also preferably in a range of 20 % to 500 %.
  • the extent of cross-reactions is determined in an immunological test method using the antibodies produced according to the present invention.
  • An antibody produced against 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 as a hapten for example has a cross-reaction of 10 % for 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 if, when using the same analyte concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 or 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , only a tenth of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 is read-off on a calibration curve generated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 .
  • the antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin D produced by a process according to the invention have proven to be suitable for use in an automated test for 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
  • the present invention preferably concerns the use of an antibody against 25-hydroxyvitamin D in an immunological test for the detection of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
  • the test for 25-hydroxyvitamin D is preferably completely automated.
  • the antibodies according to the invention are particularly preferably used in a test that can be carried out on automated Elecsys ® analyzers from Roche Diagnostics.
  • test kit which contains all components required for the detection of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
  • a preferred test kit for detecting 25-hydroxyvitamin D is in particular characterized in that such a kit contains an antibody against 25-hydroxy-vitamin D which recognizes both forms of 25-hydroxyvitamin D i.e. has a cross-reaction of 10 % to 1000 % to the complementary form of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in each case.
  • the test is preferably carried out as a competitive immunoassay in which the antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin D according to the invention are preferably used as a detection reagent.
  • a 25-hydroxyvitamin D "wall antigen" added in a defined amount to the test competes with the 25-hydroxyvitamin D from the sample for the binding sites of the detection antibody. The more 25-hydroxyvitamin D is present in the sample the smaller is the detection signal.
  • the form of 25-hydroxyvitamin D present as the wall antigen in the competitive test corresponds to the form that is used in the immunosorption. If one for example immunizes with an immunogen containing 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , immunosorption is carried out on a 25-hydroxy-vitamin D 2 matrix and a 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 derivative is preferably used in the test as the wall antigen.
  • the wall antigen is preferably also modified at the same ring position as the immunogen and as the 25-hydroxyvitamin D used on the matrix for immunosorption.
  • the present invention concerns an immunological detection method for 25-hydroxyvitamin D in which a polyclonal antibody is used which was obtained by immunization with a 25-hydroxyvitamin D conjugate and immunosorption to the complementary 25-hydroxyvitamin D conjugate and wherein in a competitive test a derivative of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D complementary to the immunogen is used as the wall antigen.
  • 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 was chemically activated at position 3 (cf formula II) and coupled to KLH as an immunogen support.
  • This synthesis via the intermediate steps 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -3-hemisuccinate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -3-hemisuccinate-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester is shown schematically in figure 1 .
  • the antibodies are produced in sheep.
  • the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -3-hemisuccinate KLH conjugate from example 1 is used for the immunization.
  • the immunization dosage is 0.1 mg per animal.
  • the first immunization is carried out in complete Freud's adjuvant. Further immunizations take place at .4 week intervals in incomplete Freud's adjuvant over a period of 10 months. Serum is collected in the middle of each immunization interval.
  • An immunadsorber which contains conjugated 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 as the specificity determinant is prepared for the immunochromatographic purification of the polyclonal antibodies.
  • the immunadsorber is obtained by the following steps:
  • 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 (Fluka No. 17937) is dissolved in a 25 ml three necked round bottom flask with an internal thermometer in 10 ml dry acetonitrile under an argon atmosphere. 1.5 ml tert.-butanol/acetonitrile (9:1) is added to the solution and cooled to 6°C in an ice bath. Subsequently 820 ⁇ l of an acrylonitrile solution (86 ⁇ l acrylonitrile in 1.0 ml acetonitrile) is added and stirred for 15 minutes at 6°C.
  • an acrylonitrile solution 86 ⁇ l acrylonitrile in 1.0 ml acetonitrile
  • reaction solution is diluted with 10 ml methyl-tert.-butyl ether and washed twice with 10 ml H 2 O each time.
  • the organic phase is dried with about 1 g anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered over a G3 glass frit and evaporated on a rotary evaporator. It is dried in a high vacuum to a viscous clear residue with a mass of about 55 mg.
  • the entire nitrile obtained above is dissolved in 15 ml diethyl ether and admixed with a suspension of 7.5 mg lithium hydride in 7.5 ml diethyl ether while stirring.
  • the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Afterwards a suspension of 38.4 lithium aluminium hydride in 6.6 ml diethyl ether is added. This results in a strong turbidity of the mixture.
  • the reaction mixture is stirred for a further hour at room temperature, then the reaction mixture is cooled to 0-5°C in an ice bath and 35 ml water is carefully added.
  • the pH is made strongly basic by addition of 6.6 ml 10 M potassium hydroxide solution.
  • eluant A Millipore H2O + 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid
  • eluant B 95 % acetonitrile + 5 % Millipore H2O + 0.1 % TFA
  • EAH Sepharose (Amersham Biosciences, No. 17-0569-03) is washed with 200 ml 0.5 M sodium chloride solution on a G3 glass frit and equilibrated with 200 ml 0.03 M potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.1. After excess liquid has drained off through the frit, the suspension is taken up in 200 ml of the same buffer and 1.7 mg (2.3 ⁇ mol) of the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester in 10 ml DMSO is added. The reaction mixture is agitated overnight at room temperature on a shaker.
  • the lyophilisate is dissolved in PBS, aggregates are removed by chromatography on Superdex 200 ® and the immunoadsorbed polyclonal antibodies obtained in this manner are used in a further step.
  • the immunoaffinity matrix is regenerated with 1 M propionic acid and preserved in a solution of PBS containing 0.9 % sodium azide.
  • the 25-hydroxyvitamin D determinations are carried out by means of HPLC (test for 25(OH)vitamin D 3 , from the "Immundiagnostik” Company, Bensheim, order No. KC 3400) or by means of LC-MS-MS ( Vogeser, M. et al., Clin. Chem. 50 (2004) 1415-1417 ) as described in the literature.
  • the affinity-purified antibodies according to example 2.3 e) are transferred to 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 8.5 and the protein concentration is adjusted to 1 mg/ml.
  • the ruthenylation reagent ruthenium (II) tris (bipyridyl)-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) is dissolved in DMSO and added to the antibody solution at a molar ratio of 7.5 to 1. After a reaction time of 60 min the reaction is stopped by addition of 1-lysine and the excess labelling reagent is separated by gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G25.
  • the sample is measured using an Elecsys ® system from the Roche Diagnostics company. 25 ⁇ l sample is mixed with 30 ⁇ l release reagent and simultaneously or sequentially with 15 ⁇ l ruthenylated detection antibody and incubated for 9 minutes. In the next step the biotinylated wall antigen (50 ⁇ l) is added and the pH value is kept in the desired range by further addition of release reagent (50 ⁇ l). After a further 9 minutes incubation magnetizable polystyrene particles coated with streptavidin (SA) (30 ⁇ l) are added and after a further incubation for 9 minutes, the amount of bound ruthenylated antibody is determined as usual.
  • SA streptavidin
  • the solution containing the ruthenylated ⁇ 25-OH-vitamin D> antibody conjugate contains: 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 0.1 % oxypyrion 0.1 % MIT (N-methylisothiazolone-HCl) 10 % DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) 1 % EtOH (ethanol) 0.1 % polydocanol 1 % rabbit IgG (DET) 2.0 ⁇ g/ml PAB-Ru (from example 3.2)
  • the release reagent contains: 220 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.0 0.1 % oxypyrion 0.1 % MIT 10 % DMSO 1% EtOH 0.1 % polydocanol 0.2 % rabbit IgG
  • the solution with the biotinylated wall antigen contains: 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 0.1 % oxypyrion 10 % DMSO 1% EtOH 0.1% polydocanol 0.2 % rabbit IgG 0.18 ⁇ g/ml Ag-Bi (from example 3.1)
  • the suspension with SA-coated latex particles contains: 0.72 mg/ml SA-coated magnetizable polystyrene particles having a binding capacity of 470 ng/ml.

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EP06805884A 2005-09-29 2006-09-27 Antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin d Revoked EP1931711B1 (en)

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EP05021247 2005-09-29
EP06805884A EP1931711B1 (en) 2005-09-29 2006-09-27 Antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin d
PCT/EP2006/009360 WO2007039193A1 (en) 2005-09-29 2006-09-27 Antibodies against 25-hydroxyvitamin d

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EP1931711B1 true EP1931711B1 (en) 2009-04-08

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US (1) US20080317764A1 (es)
EP (1) EP1931711B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2009509992A (es)
CN (1) CN101273062A (es)
AT (1) ATE427965T1 (es)
CA (1) CA2624124A1 (es)
DE (1) DE602006006200D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2323900T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2007039193A1 (es)

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US9616109B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2017-04-11 Extend Biosciences, Inc. Insulin vitamin D conjugates
US9789197B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2017-10-17 Extend Biosciences, Inc. RNAi vitamin D conjugates
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US5232836A (en) * 1988-05-04 1993-08-03 Ire-Medgenix S.A. Vitamin D derivatives: therapeutic applications and applications to assays of metabolites of vitamin D
US5185254A (en) * 1988-12-29 1993-02-09 The Wistar Institute Gene family of tumor-associated antigens
JP2000503641A (ja) * 1995-12-29 2000-03-28 エイ・アンド・ディ・アッセイ・インコーポレイテッド 標識ビタミンｄ化合物およびその使用
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Cited By (9)

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US9173950B2 (en) 2012-05-17 2015-11-03 Extend Biosciences, Inc. Vitamin D-ghrelin conjugates
US9289507B2 (en) 2012-05-17 2016-03-22 Extend Biosciences, Inc. Carriers for improved drug delivery
US9884124B2 (en) 2012-05-17 2018-02-06 Extend Biosciences, Inc. Carriers for improved drug delivery
US10197581B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-02-05 Enzo Life Sciences, Inc. Vitamin D assays
US9585934B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2017-03-07 Extend Biosciences, Inc. Therapeutic vitamin D conjugates
US9616109B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2017-04-11 Extend Biosciences, Inc. Insulin vitamin D conjugates
US9789197B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2017-10-17 Extend Biosciences, Inc. RNAi vitamin D conjugates
US10702574B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2020-07-07 Extend Biosciences, Inc. Therapeutic vitamin D conjugates
US11116816B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2021-09-14 Extend Biosciences, Inc. Therapeutic vitamin d conjugates

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JP2009509992A (ja) 2009-03-12
ES2323900T3 (es) 2009-07-27
DE602006006200D1 (de) 2009-05-20
CA2624124A1 (en) 2007-04-12
EP1931711A1 (en) 2008-06-18
CN101273062A (zh) 2008-09-24
ATE427965T1 (de) 2009-04-15
US20080317764A1 (en) 2008-12-25

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