EP1929053B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines stahlteils mit mehrphasiger mikrostruktur - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines stahlteils mit mehrphasiger mikrostruktur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1929053B1 EP1929053B1 EP06808157A EP06808157A EP1929053B1 EP 1929053 B1 EP1929053 B1 EP 1929053B1 EP 06808157 A EP06808157 A EP 06808157A EP 06808157 A EP06808157 A EP 06808157A EP 1929053 B1 EP1929053 B1 EP 1929053B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- blank
- microstructure
- ferrite
- process according
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000794 TRIP steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 37
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000885 Dual-phase steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015115 caffè latte Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- KRQUFUKTQHISJB-YYADALCUSA-N 2-[(E)-N-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propoxy]-C-propylcarbonimidoyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(thian-3-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CCC\C(=N/OCC(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=C(O)CC(CC1=O)C1CCCSC1 KRQUFUKTQHISJB-YYADALCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/185—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering from an intercritical temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/261—After-treatment in a gas atmosphere, e.g. inert or reducing atmosphere
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a multi-phased microstructure steel piece homogeneous in each of the zones of said part, and having high mechanical characteristics.
- TRIP steels the term meaning transformation induced plasticity
- dual phase steels which combine a very high mechanical strength with very high possibilities of deformation.
- TRIP steels have a microstructure composed of ferrite, residual austenite, and possibly bainite and martensite, which enables them to reach tensile strengths ranging from 600 to 1000 MPa.
- the dual-phase steels have a microstructure composed of ferrite and martensite, which enables them to reach tensile strengths ranging from 400 MPa to more than 1200 MPa.
- this type of parts it is cold forming, for example by stamping between tools, a blank cut in a cold rolled strip of dual phase steel or TRIP steel.
- the microstructure of the steel is no longer homogeneous in each of the areas of the room, and the behavior of the part in use is difficult to predict.
- the residual austenite is transformed into martensite under the effect of the deformation.
- the deformation is not homogeneous throughout the room, some areas of the room will still contain residual austenite not transformed into martensite and therefore having a significant residual ductility, while other areas of the room having undergone significant deformation will present a ferritic-martensitic structure optionally comprising ductile bainite.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, and to propose a method of manufacturing a steel part comprising ferrite and having a homogeneous multi-phased microstructure in each of the zones of said part, and not exhibiting resilient return after forming a blank from a steel strip whose composition is typical of that of multi-phase microstructure steels.
- the area of the different phases is measured in a section made along a plane perpendicular to the plane of the strip (this plane may be parallel to to the rolling direction, or parallel to the direction transverse to the rolling).
- the different phases sought are revealed by a chemical attack adapted according to their nature.
- forming tool means any tool that makes it possible to obtain a part from a blank, such as for example a stamping tool. This excludes cold or hot rolling tools.
- the inventors have demonstrated that heating the blank to a holding temperature T1 between Ac1 and Ac3 gives, provided that the cooling rate is sufficient, a multi-phase microstructure comprising ferrite having mechanical properties. homogeneous regardless of the cooling rate of the blank between the tools.
- the homogeneity of the mechanical properties is defined in the sense of the invention by a dispersion of the tensile strength Rm in a range of cooling rates ranging from 10 to 100 ° C./s less than 25%.
- the invention has as its second object a steel part comprising ferrite and having a homogeneous multi-phased microstructure in each zone of said part, obtainable by said method.
- the third object of the invention is a motorized land vehicle comprising said part.
- the method according to the invention consists in shaping hot, in a certain temperature range, a blank previously cut in a steel strip whose composition is typical of that of multi-phase microstructure steels, but which initially does not does not necessarily have a multi-phased structure, to form a steel part that acquires a multi-phase microstructure during its cooling between the formatting tools.
- the inventors have furthermore demonstrated that, provided that the cooling rate is sufficient, a homogeneous multi-phased microstructure could be obtained whatever the rate of cooling of the blank between the tools.
- the advantage of this invention lies in the fact that it is not necessary to form the multi-phased microstructure at the stage of manufacture of the hot sheet, or of its coating, and that forming it at The stage of manufacture of the part, by hot forming, ensures a homogeneous final multi-phased microstructure in each of the zones of the part, which is advantageous in the case of a use for absorption parts. energy, because the microstructure is not altered as is the case when cold forming of dual-phase steel or TRIP steel parts.
- the inventors have indeed verified that the energy absorption capacity of a part, determined by the tensile strength multiplied by the elongation (Rm ⁇ A), is greater when the part has been obtained. according to the invention than when it was obtained by cold forming of a dual phase steel blank or TRIP steel. Indeed, cold forming consumes some of the energy absorption capacity.
- Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the hot shaping leads to a much higher shaping ability than cold.
- a variety of wider shapes can be accessed and new designs of parts can be envisaged while retaining steel compositions whose characteristics, such as weldability, are known.
- the part obtained has a multi-phase microstructure comprising ferrite at a proportion preferably greater than or equal to 25% by surface, and at least one of the following phases: martensite, bainite, residual austenite.
- a proportion of at least 25% ferrite surface area makes it possible to give the steel ductility sufficient for the formed parts to have a high energy absorption capacity.
- the remainder of the composition is iron and other elements that are usually expected to be found as impurities resulting from steel making, in proportions that do not affect the properties of the steel. sought.
- this metal coating is chosen from zinc or zinc alloy coatings (zinc-aluminum for example), and if it is also desired to withstand good heat resistance, the coatings of aluminum or aluminum alloy (aluminum-silicon for example). These coatings are deposited in a conventional manner either by hot dipping in a bath of liquid metal, by electrodeposition, or under vacuum.
- the steel blank is heated to bring it to a holding temperature T1 greater than Ac1 but lower than Ac3, and is maintained at this temperature T1 for a holding time M that is adjusted so that steel, after heating the blank, comprises a proportion of austenite greater than or equal to 25% by surface.
- the heated blank is transferred into a forming tool to form a part, and cool it.
- the cooling of the workpiece within the shaping tool is performed with a cooling rate V sufficient to prevent all of the austenite from becoming ferrite, and so that the microstructure of the steel after cooling the piece is a multi-phase microstructure comprising ferrite, and which is homogeneous in each of the areas of the room.
- Homogeneous multi-phased microstructure in each of the zones of the part is understood to mean a microstructure having constancy in terms of proportion and morphology in each zone of the part, and in which the different phases are uniformly distributed.
- the shaping tools can be cooled, for example by fluid circulation.
- clamping force of the shaping tool must be sufficient to ensure intimate contact between the blank and the tool, and ensure efficient and homogeneous cooling of the room.
- Cold pre-deformation of the blank for example by profiling or cold stamping of the blank, before hot forming is advantageous insofar as it allows access to parts that may have a more complex geometry .
- the method according to the invention is used to manufacture a steel part having a multi-phase microstructure comprising either ferrite and martensite, either ferrite and bainite, or ferrite, martensite and bainite.
- the remainder of the composition is iron and other elements that are usually expected to be found as impurities resulting from steel making, in proportions that do not affect the properties of the steel. sought.
- the blank is heated to a holding temperature T1 greater than Ac1 but less than Ac3, so as to to control the proportion of austenite formed during the heating of the blank, and not to exceed the preferential upper limit of 75% of austenite surface area.
- a proportion of austenite in the steel heated to a holding temperature T1 during a holding time M of between 25 and 75% by weight offers a good compromise in terms of the mechanical strength of the steel after shaping and regularity. mechanical characteristics of the steel thanks to the robustness of the process. Indeed, beyond 25% of austenite surface, sufficient hardening phases, such as for example martensite and / or bainite, are formed during the cooling of the steel so that the yield strength Re of the steel after shaping is sufficient.
- the holding time of the steel blank at the holding temperature T1 depends essentially on the thickness of the strip.
- the thickness of the strip is typically between 0.3 and 3 mm. Therefore, to form a proportion of austenite between 25 and 75% by surface, the holding time M is preferably between 10 and 1000 s. If the steel blank is maintained at a holding temperature T1 for a holding time M greater than 1000 s, the austenite grains increase and the elastic limit Re of the steel after forming will be limited. In addition, the hardenability of the steel is reduced and the surface of the steel oxidizes.
- the cooling rate V of the steel part in the forming tool depends on the deformation and the quality of the contact between the tool and the steel blank. However, the cooling rate V must be sufficiently high for the desired multi-phased microstructure to be obtained, and is preferably greater than 10 ° C./s. With a cooling rate V less than or equal to 10 ° C / s, it is likely to form carbides that will contribute to degrade the mechanical characteristics of the part.
- a multi-phase steel piece comprising more than 25% ferrite surface area is formed, the rest being martensite and / or bainite, the various phases being homogeneously distributed in each of the zones of the In a preferred embodiment of the invention, 25 to 75% ferrite surface area and 25 to 75% surface area of martensite and / or bainite are preferably formed.
- the method according to the invention is used to manufacture a TRIP steel part.
- TRIP steel a multiphase microstructure comprising ferrite, residual austenite, and possibly martensite and / or bainite.
- the remainder of the composition is iron and other elements that are usually expected to be found as impurities resulting from steel making, in proportions that do not affect the properties of the steel. sought.
- the holding time of the steel blank at a holding temperature T1 greater than Ac1 but less than Ac3 essentially depends on the thickness of the strip.
- the thickness of the strip is typically between 0.3 and 3 mm. Therefore, to form a proportion of austenite greater than or equal to 25% by surface, the holding time M is preferably between 10 and 1000 s. If the steel blank is maintained at a holding temperature T1 for a holding time M greater than 1000 s, the austenite grains increase and the elastic limit Re of the steel after forming will be limited. In addition, the hardenability of the steel is reduced and the surface of the steel oxidizes. On the other hand, if the blank is held for a holding time M less than 10 s, the proportion of austenite formed will be insufficient, and sufficient residual austenite and bainite will not be formed during the cooling of the part between the tool.
- the cooling rate V of the steel part in the forming tool depends on the deformation and the quality of the contact between the tool and the steel blank. To obtain a steel part having a multi-phased microstructure TRIP, it is preferable that the cooling rate V is between 10 ° C./s and 200 ° C./s. In fact, below 10 ° C / s, ferrite and carbide will be essentially formed, and insufficient residual austenite and martensite, and above 200 ° C / s, essentially martensite will be formed. insufficient residual austenite.
- a multiphase steel part consisting, in% by surface, of ferrite at a proportion greater than or equal to 25%, of 3 to 30% of residual austenite, and possibly of martensite, is formed. / or bainite.
- the TRIP effect can advantageously be used to absorb energy in the event of high speed shocks. Indeed, during a significant deformation of a TRIP steel part, the residual austenite is gradually transformed into martensite by selecting the orientation of the martensite. This has the effect of reducing the residual stresses in the martensite, reducing the internal stresses in the part, and finally limiting the damage of the part, because the rupture thereof will take place for an elongation A more important than if it was not TRIP steel.
- the inventors have carried out tests both on steels presenting on the one hand a composition typical of that of mutli-phased microstructure steels comprising ferrite and martensite and / or bainite (point 1), and of on the other hand a composition typical of that of TRIP mutli-phased microstructure steels (point 2).
- Blanks 400 x 600 mm in size are cut from a steel strip whose composition, indicated in Table I, is that of a steel grade DP780 (Dual Phase 780).
- the strip has a thickness of 1.2 mm.
- the Ac1 temperature of this steel is 705 ° C and the Ac3 temperature is 815 ° C.
- the blanks are brought to a variable holding temperature T1, during a holding period of 5 minutes. Then, they are immediately transferred to a stamping tool in which they are both shaped and cooled with variable cooling rates V, keeping them in the tool for a period of 60 s.
- the stamped parts are similar to an Omega shape structure
- the purpose of this test is to show the interest of a hot shaping compared to a cold shaping, and to evaluate the elastic return.
- a piece of DP780 grade steel is manufactured by cold stamping a blank cut from a 1.2 mm thick steel strip, the composition of which is indicated in Table I, but which, unlike the strip used in point 1, already has before stamping a multi-phased microstructure comprising 70% ferrite surface, 15% martensite surface, and 15% bainite surface.
- FIG. 1 clearly shows that the part formed by cold stamping (marked in the figure by the letter G) has a strong springback, with respect to the piece A (see Table II) formed by hot stamping (marked by the letter AT).
- Blanks measuring 200 ⁇ 500 mm are cut from a steel strip whose composition, indicated in Table III, is that of a TRIP 800 grade steel.
- the strip has a thickness of 1.2 mm.
- the Ac1 temperature of this steel is 751 ° C and the Ac3 temperature is 875 ° C.
- the blanks are brought to a variable holding temperature T1, during a hold time of 5 minutes, and then immediately transferred to a stamping tool in which they are both shaped and cooled with a cooling rate V of 45 ° C / s, keeping them in the tool for 60 s.
- the stamped parts are similar to an Omega shape structure.
- Table III chemical composition of the steel according to the invention, expressed in% by weight, the balance being iron or impurities VS mn Yes al MB Cr P Ti Nb V 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.05 0,007 0.01 0,011 0.005 - - T1 (° C) Room Re (MPa) Rm (MPa) AT (%) Rm x A Microstructure (% surface area) * 760 H 541 1174 12.4 14558 35% F + 17% A + 48% M * 800 I 485 1171 12.8 14989 45% F + 11% A + 44% M * 840 J 454 1110 14.3 15873 45% F + 15% A + 38% M + 2% B * according to the invention
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Claims (17)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahlteils, das eine mehrphasige Mikrostruktur aufweist, wobei die Mikrostruktur Ferrit enthält und in jedem der Bereiche des Teils homogen ist, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte aufweist:- Ausschneiden eines Zuschnitts in einem Stahlband, dessen Zusammensetzung enthält, in Gew.-%:0,01 ≤ C ≤ 0,50 %0,50 ≤ Mn ≤ 3,0 %0,001 ≤ Si ≤ 3,0 %0,005 ≤ Al ≤ 3,0 %Mo ≤ 1,0 %Cr ≤ 1,5 %P ≤ 0,10 %Ti ≤ 0,20 %V ≤ 1,0 %optional ein oder mehrere Elemente wieNi ≤ 2,0 %Cu ≤ 2,0 %S ≤ 0,05 %Nb ≤ 0,15 %wobei der Rest der Zusammensetzung Eisen und aus der Bearbeitung resultierende Verunreinigungen sind,- eventuell kaltes Vorformen des Zuschnitts,- Erwärmen des Zuschnitts, bis eine Haltetemperatur T1 erreicht ist, die größer als Ac1, jedoch kleiner als Ac3 ist, und Halten desselben bei dieser Haltetemperatur T1 während einer Haltezeit M, die so eingestellt ist, dass der Stahl nach Erwärmung des Zuschnitts einen flächenbezogenen Anteil von Austenit enthält, der größer oder gleich 25 % ist,- Einsetzen des Zuschnitts ins Innere eines Tiefziehwerkzeugs, so dass das Teil warm tiefgezogen wird, und- Abkühlen des Teils im Inneren des Werkzeugs mit einer solchen Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit V, dass die Mikrostruktur des Stahls nach Abkühlung des Teils eine mehrphasige Mikrostruktur ist, wobei die Mikrostruktur Ferrit mit einem flächenbezogenen Anteil enthält, der größer oder gleich 25 % ist, und in jedem der Bereiche des Teils homogen ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Zusammensetzung des Stahls enthält, in Gew.-%:0,01 ≤ C ≤ 0, 25 %0,50 ≤ Mn ≤ 2,50 %0,01 ≤ Si ≤ 2,0 %0,005 ≤ A1 ≤ 1,5 %0,001 ≤ Mo ≤ 0,50 %Cr ≤ 1,0 %P ≤ 0,10 %Ti ≤ 0,15 %Nb ≤ 0,15 %V ≤ 0,25 %,wobei der Rest der Zusammensetzung Eisen und aus der Bearbeitung resultierende Verunreinigungen sind, der Zuschnitt bei der Haltetemperatur T1 während einer Haltezeit M gehalten wird, die so eingestellt ist, dass der Stahl nach Erwärmung einen flächenbezogenen Anteil von Austenit enthält, der zwischen 25 und 75 % liegt, und die Mikrostruktur des Stahls nach Abkühlung des Teils eine mehrphasige Mikrostruktur ist, die Ferrit und entweder Martensit oder Bainit oder auch Martensit und Bainit enthält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, außerdem dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stahl enthält, in Gew.-%:0,08 ≤ C ≤ 0,15 %1,20 ≤ Mn ≤ 2,0 %0,01 ≤ Si ≤ 0,50 %0,005 ≤ Al ≤ 1,0 %0,001 ≤ Mo ≤ 0,10 %Cr ≤ 0,50 %P ≤ 0,10 %Ti ≤ 0,15 %Nb ≤ 0,15 %V ≤ 0,25 %,wobei der Rest der Zusammensetzung Eisen und aus der Bearbeitung resultierende Verunreinigungen sind.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltezeit M zwischen 10 und 1000 s liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit V größer als 10 °C/s ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, außerdem dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mehrphasige Mikrostruktur des Stahls nach Abkühlung des Teils einen flächenbezogenen Anteil von 25 bis 75 % Ferrit und einen flächenbezogenen Anteil von 25 bis 75 % Martensit und/oder Bainit enthält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Stahl enthält, in Gew.-%:0,05 ≤ C ≤ 0,50 %0,50 ≤ Mn ≤ 3, 0 %0,001 ≤ Si ≤ 3,0 %0,005 ≤ Al ≤ 3,0 %Mo ≤ 1,0 %Cr ≤ 1,50 %Ni ≤ 2,0 %Cu ≤ 2,0 %P ≤ 0, 10 %S ≤ 0,05 %Ti ≤ 0,20 %V ≤ 1,0 %,wobei der Rest der Zusammensetzung Eisen und aus der Bearbeitung resultierende Verunreinigungen sind und die Mikrostruktur des Stahls nach Abkühlung des Teils eine mehrphasige Mikrostruktur TRIP ist, die Ferrit, Restaustenit und eventuell Martensit und/oder Bainit enthält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, außerdem dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stahl enthält, in Gew.-%:0,10 ≤ C ≤ 0, 30 %0,60 ≤ Mn ≤ 2,0 %0,01 ≤ Si ≤ 2,0 %0,005 ≤ Al ≤ 3,0 %Mo ≤ 0,60 %Cr ≤ 1,50 %Ni ≤ 0,20 %Cu ≤ 0,20 %P ≤ 0,10 %S ≤ 0,05 %Ti ≤ 0,20 %V ≤ 0,60 %,wobei der Rest der Zusammensetzung Eisen und aus der Bearbeitung resultierende Verunreinigungen sind.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltezeit M zwischen 10 und 1000 s liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit V zwischen 10 und 200 °C/s liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Abkühlung des Teils die mehrphasige Mikrostruktur des TRIP-Stahls aus Ferrit mit einem flächenbezogenen Anteil, der größer oder gleich 25 % ist, aus Restaustenit mit einem flächenbezogenen Anteil von 3 bis 30 % und eventuell aus Martensit und/oder Bainit besteht.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stahlband zuvor mit einem metallischen Überzug versehen wird, bevor es geschnitten wird, um einen Zuschnitt herzustellen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der metallische Überzug ein Überzug auf der Basis von Zink oder einer Zinklegierung ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der metallische Überzug ein Überzug auf der Basis von Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung ist.
- Tiefgezogenes Stahlteil, das eine mehrphasige Mikrostruktur aufweist, die in jedem der Bereiche des Teils homogen ist, wobei die Mikrostruktur Ferrit mit einem flächenbezogenen Anteil enthält, der größer oder gleich 25 % ist, und das mittels des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 hergestellt ist.
- Verwendung des Stahlteils nach Anspruch 15, um die Energie zu absorbieren.
- Kraftfahrzeug, welches das Stahlteil nach Anspruch 15 aufweist.
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EP06808157A EP1929053B1 (de) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines stahlteils mit mehrphasiger mikrostruktur |
PL06808157T PL1929053T3 (pl) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-18 | Sposób wytwarzania części ze stali o mikrostrukturze wielofazowej |
EP10010435A EP2287344A1 (de) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-18 | Herstellungsverfahren eines Stahlwerkstücks mit mehrphasigem Mikrogefüge |
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EP05291958A EP1767659A1 (de) | 2005-09-21 | 2005-09-21 | Herstellungsverfahren eines Stahlwerkstücks mit mehrphasigem Mikrogefüge |
EP06808157A EP1929053B1 (de) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines stahlteils mit mehrphasiger mikrostruktur |
PCT/FR2006/002135 WO2007034063A1 (fr) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-18 | Procede de fabrication d’une piece en acier de microstructure multi-phasee |
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EP10010435A Withdrawn EP2287344A1 (de) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-18 | Herstellungsverfahren eines Stahlwerkstücks mit mehrphasigem Mikrogefüge |
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EP10010435A Withdrawn EP2287344A1 (de) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-18 | Herstellungsverfahren eines Stahlwerkstücks mit mehrphasigem Mikrogefüge |
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EP (3) | EP1767659A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5386170B2 (de) |
KR (4) | KR20110121657A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101292049B (de) |
AT (1) | ATE513932T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0616261B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2623146C (de) |
ES (1) | ES2366133T3 (de) |
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UA (1) | UA96739C2 (de) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017144419A1 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-31 | Tata Steel Ijmuiden B.V. | Hot formed part and method for producing it |
US11459628B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2022-10-04 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Method for producing metallic components having adapted component properties |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL1929053T3 (pl) | 2011-10-31 |
MA29790B1 (fr) | 2008-09-01 |
KR20130017102A (ko) | 2013-02-19 |
US8114227B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 |
BRPI0616261A2 (pt) | 2011-06-14 |
US10294557B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 |
KR20120099526A (ko) | 2012-09-10 |
UA96739C2 (ru) | 2011-12-12 |
ES2366133T3 (es) | 2011-10-17 |
US20080308194A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
JP5386170B2 (ja) | 2014-01-15 |
RU2403291C2 (ru) | 2010-11-10 |
EP1767659A1 (de) | 2007-03-28 |
WO2007034063A1 (fr) | 2007-03-29 |
BRPI0616261B1 (pt) | 2014-02-04 |
CA2623146C (fr) | 2011-03-22 |
US20120211128A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
CN101292049B (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
ZA200802385B (en) | 2009-01-28 |
EP2287344A1 (de) | 2011-02-23 |
KR20080053312A (ko) | 2008-06-12 |
KR101453697B1 (ko) | 2014-10-22 |
JP2009508692A (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
CA2623146A1 (fr) | 2007-03-29 |
CN101292049A (zh) | 2008-10-22 |
EP1929053A1 (de) | 2008-06-11 |
RU2008115444A (ru) | 2009-10-27 |
KR20110121657A (ko) | 2011-11-07 |
ATE513932T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
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