EP1926914A2 - Systeme de compression a plusieurs etages comportant des moteurs a vitesse variable - Google Patents

Systeme de compression a plusieurs etages comportant des moteurs a vitesse variable

Info

Publication number
EP1926914A2
EP1926914A2 EP06803833A EP06803833A EP1926914A2 EP 1926914 A2 EP1926914 A2 EP 1926914A2 EP 06803833 A EP06803833 A EP 06803833A EP 06803833 A EP06803833 A EP 06803833A EP 1926914 A2 EP1926914 A2 EP 1926914A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stage
centrifugal compressor
speed
compression system
motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06803833A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Filippo Mariani
Jay L. Robb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ingersoll Rand Co
Original Assignee
Ingersoll Rand Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ingersoll Rand Co filed Critical Ingersoll Rand Co
Publication of EP1926914A2 publication Critical patent/EP1926914A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0261—Surge control by varying driving speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0269—Surge control by changing flow path between different stages or between a plurality of compressors; load distribution between compressors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifugal compressor system including two or more compression stages. More particularly, the invention relates to a centrifugal compressor system that includes multiple compression stages independently driven by a directly connected high-speed, variable speed electric motor preferably equipped with active magnetic bearings.
  • a single drive motor makes it difficult to vary the operation of one stage with respect to the other stages. For example, a first stage may be operated at an optimal speed under certain conditions. However, this speed may be less than optimal for the other stages. If the stages are driven by a common drive member, the speed of one cannot be varied without changing the speed of the other.
  • the invention provides a multi-stage fluid compression system that includes a first centrifugal compressor stage having a first inlet and a first outlet and a second centrifugal compressor stage having a second inlet and a second outlet.
  • the second inlet receives a flow of compressed fluid from the first outlet.
  • a first variable-speed motor is coupled to the first centrifugal compressor stage and is operable to drive the first centrifugal compressor stage at a first speed.
  • a second variable speed motor is coupled to the second centrifugal compressor stage and is operable to drive the second centrifugal compressor stage at a second speed.
  • the first speed and the second speed are each independently variable.
  • the invention provides a multi-stage compression system that includes a plurality of centrifugal compressor units. Each compressor unit has an inlet and an outlet. A first of the compressor units draws in a fluid at a first pressure, and a last of the compressor units discharges the fluid at a second pressure.
  • the compression system also includes a plurality of variable-speed motors. Each motor directly drives one of the plurality of compressor units. Each motor is operable at a speed between a motor minimum and a motor maximum independent of the other motors.
  • a control system is operable to vary the speed of each motor independently at least partially in response to the second pressure.
  • Figure 1 shows the cross-section of a compression module.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a compressor inlet of the compression module of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the compression module in a horizontal configuration.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the compression module in a vertical configuration.
  • Figure 5 is an illustration of the connections and flow from one stage of compressor and heat exchanger to another.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic of an embodiment of the compression system.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic of two motors, one motor driving one compressor and the other motor driving two compressors.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a fluid compression module 10 (sometimes referred to as a compression stage or a compression unit) that includes a prime mover, such as a motor 15 coupled to a compressor 20 and operable to produce a compressed fluid.
  • a prime mover such as a motor 15 coupled to a compressor 20 and operable to produce a compressed fluid.
  • an electric motor 15 is employed as the prime mover.
  • other constructions may employ other prime movers such as but not limited to internal combustion engines, diesel engines, combustion turbines, etc.
  • the electric motor 15 includes a rotor 25 and a stator 30 that defines a stator bore 35.
  • the rotor 25 is supported for rotation on a shaft 40 and is positioned substantially within the stator bore 35.
  • the illustrated rotor 25 includes permanent magnets 45 that interact with a magnetic field produced by the stator 30 to produce rotation of the rotor 25 and the shaft 40.
  • the rotor is operable at a speed in excess of 50,000 RPM, with faster and slower speeds also being possible.
  • the magnetic field of the stator 30 can be varied to vary the speed of rotation of the shaft 40.
  • other constructions may employ other types of electric motors (e.g., synchronous, induction, brushed DC motors, etc.) if desired.
  • the motor 15 is positioned within a housing 50 which provides both support and protection for the motor 15.
  • a bearing 55 is positioned on either end of the housing 50 and is directly or indirectly supported by the housing 50.
  • the bearings 55 in turn support the shaft 40 for rotation.
  • magnetic bearings 55 are employed with other bearings (e.g., roller, ball, needle, etc.) also suitable for use.
  • secondary bearings 60 are employed to provide shaft support in the event one or both of the magnetic bearings 55 fail.
  • an outer jacket 65 surrounds a portion of the housing 50 and defines cooling paths 70 therebetween.
  • a liquid (e.g., glycol, refrigerant, etc.) or gas (e.g., air, carbon dioxide, etc.) coolant flows through the cooling paths 70 to cool the motor 15 during operation.
  • An electrical cabinet 75 may be positioned at one end of the housing 50 to enclose various items such as a motor controller, breakers, switches, and the like.
  • the illustrated embodiment includes a controller 76.
  • the motor shaft 40 extends beyond the opposite end of the housing 50 to allow the shaft to be coupled to the compressor 20.
  • the compressor 20 includes an intake housing 80 or intake ring, an impeller 85, a diffuser 90, and a volute 95.
  • the volute 95 includes a first portion 100 and a second portion 105.
  • the first portion 100 attaches to the housing 50 to couple the stationary portion of the compressor 20 to the stationary portion of the motor 15.
  • the second portion 105 attaches to the first portion 100 to define an inlet channel 110 and a collecting channel 115.
  • the second portion 105 also defines a discharge portion 120 that includes a discharge channel 125 that is in fluid communication with the collecting channel 115 to discharge the compressed fluid from the compressor 20.
  • the first portion 100 of the volute 95 includes a leg 130 that provides support for the compressor 20 and the motor 15.
  • other components are used to support the compressor 20 and the motor 15 in the horizontal position.
  • one or more legs, or other means are employed to support the motor 15 and compressor 20 in a vertical orientation or any other desired orientation.
  • the diffuser 90 is positioned radially inward of the collecting channel 115 such that fluid flowing from the impeller 85 must pass through the diffuser 90 before entering the volute 95.
  • the diffuser 90 includes aerodynamic surfaces 135 (e.g., blades, vanes, fins, etc.), shown in Fig. 2, arranged to reduce the flow velocity and increase the pressure of the fluid as it passes through the diffuser 90.
  • the impeller 85 is coupled to the rotor shaft 40 such that the impeller 85 rotates with the motor rotor 25.
  • a rod 140 threadably engages the shaft 40 and a nut 145 threadably engages the rod 140 to fixedly attach the impeller 85 to the shaft 40.
  • the impeller 85 extends beyond the bearing 55 that supports the motor shaft 40 and, as such is supported in a cantilever fashion.
  • Other constructions may employ other attachment schemes to attach the impeller 85 to the shaft 40 and other support schemes to support the impeller 85.
  • the invention should not be limited to the construction illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the illustrated construction includes a motor 15 that is directly coupled to the impeller 85, other constructions may employ a speed increaser such as a gear box to allow the motor 15 to operate at a lower speed than the impeller 85
  • the impeller 85 includes a plurality of aerodynamic surfaces or blades 150 that are arranged to define an inducer portion 155 and an exducer portion 160.
  • the inducer portion 155 is positioned at a first end of the impeller 85 and is operable to draw fluid into the impeller 85 in a substantially axial direction.
  • the blades 150 accelerate the fluid and direct it toward the exducer portion 160 located near the opposite end of the impeller 85.
  • the fluid is discharged from the exducer portion 160 in at least partially radial directions that extend 360 degrees around the impeller 85.
  • the impeller 85 cooperates with a stationary seal ring 162 to define a seal.
  • the seal is positioned to reduce the axial force applied to the back face of the impeller 85, thereby reducing the overall axial thrust toward the blades 150.
  • the thrust is reduced to a level that allows for the use of an active magnetic thrust bearing 163 rather than a more conventional thrust bearing.
  • the magnetic thrust bearing 163 includes a thrust disc 164 having a reduced diameter as compared to that which would be necessary absent the aforementioned seal system.
  • the intake housing 80 is connected to the volute 95 and includes a flow passage 165 that leads to the impeller 85. Fluid to be compressed is drawn by the impeller 85 down the flow passage 165 and into the inducer portion 155 of the impeller 85.
  • the flow passage 165 includes an impeller interface portion 170 that is positioned near the blades 150 of the impeller 85 to reduce leakage of fluid over the top of the blades 150.
  • the impeller 85 and the intake housing 80 cooperate to define a plurality of substantially closed flow passages 175.
  • the intake housing 80 also includes a flange 180 that facilitates the attachment of a pipe or other flow conducting or holding component.
  • a filter assembly could be connected to the flange 180 and employed to filter the fluid to be compressed before it is directed to the impeller 85.
  • a pipe would lead from the filter assembly to the flange 180 to substantially seal the system after the filter and inhibit the entry of unwanted fluids or contaminates.
  • the impeller 85 is illustrated in greater detail.
  • the inducer portion 155 is substantially annular and draws fluid along an intake path 185 into the impeller 85.
  • the fluid enters in a substantially axial direction and flows through the passages 175 defined between adjacent blades 150 to the exducer portion 160.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the compression system or module 10 of Figs. 1 and 2 in perspective.
  • the flange 180 connects to a filter or other source of clean fluid to receive the fluid to be compressed.
  • a second flange 190 is connectable to a pipe, a receiver, or other fluid handling device to receive the compressed fluid from the compression module 10. If the illustrated module 10 were the second stage of a three-stage compression system, the outlet of the first stage would be connected to the flange 180 to deliver the partially compressed fluid. After further compression, the fluid would be discharged from the second flange 190 and would flow to the inlet of the third stage.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates another compression module 195 in an alternative orientation.
  • the compression module 195 of Fig. 4 is supported in a vertical orientation and is similar to the construction of Fig. 3 except for the support structure.
  • the construction of Fig. 4 includes three legs 200 that support the compression module 195.
  • other constructions may include other support systems and may support the compression system 195 in a different orientation if desired.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a series of compression modules 10a, 10b, 10c arranged to define a multi-stage compressor 205.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates each compression module 10a, 10b, 10c as being similar to the compression module 10 of Figs. 1-3.
  • other constructions may employ the compression modules 195 of Fig. 4, may mix the compression modules 10, 195 of Figs. 3 and 4, or use different modules altogether.
  • Fig. 5 will be described using air as the fluid being compressed. Of course one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that many other fluids can be compressed using the present system.
  • the first module 10a draws in a flow of air 210 in an uncompressed state and discharges a flow of partially-compressed air 215.
  • the pressure of the air leaving the first module 10a is determined by the inlet pressure and the pressure ratio of the first module 10a. For example, if air enters the first module 10a at a pressure of one atmosphere and the compressor operates at a pressure ratio of 2.5, the air will exit the first module 10a at a pressure of about 2.5 atmospheres.
  • the partially compressed air 215 flows to an inter-stage heat exchanger 220 that cools the partially compressed air 215 to improve the overall compression system efficiency.
  • a cooling fluid 225 e.g., cool air, water, glycol, refrigerant, etc.
  • a cooled partially compressed air 230 flows into the inlet of the second stage 10b of the multi-stage compression system 205.
  • the second stage compression module 10b further compresses the air and discharges a second flow of partially compressed air 235.
  • the discharge pressure is largely a function of the inlet pressure and the pressure ratio of the second module 10b. Continuing the above example, if the air enters the second module 10b at 2.5 atmospheres and the second module 10b has a pressure ratio of 2, the discharge pressure will be about 5 atmospheres.
  • the second flow of partially compressed air 235 flows through a second inter-stage heat exchanger 240 where the air is again cooled by a coolant 245 that flows through the heat exchanger 240. After passing through the second inter-stage heat exchanger 240, the partially compressed air 250 proceeds to the third stage 10c of compression.
  • the third stage module 10c receives the partially compressed air 250 at the inlet and is operable to further compress the air to the final desired output pressure.
  • the air is discharged 255 from the third stage module 10c at the desired output pressure.
  • the output pressure is a function of the pressure ratio and the inlet pressure.
  • a final inter-stage cooler 260 may be employed following the final stage of compression to cool the air before the air is directed to additional systems (e.g., filters, dryers, etc.) or to a point of use.
  • additional systems e.g., filters, dryers, etc.
  • a flow of coolant 265 is used to cool the air before the air is discharged as the final flow of compressed air 270.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a three-stage system 205 employing a single compressor at each stage, the present system is well suited in systems that employ more than two or more stages.
  • some arrangements may include multiple compressors at one or more of the stages to increase the capacity of the system.
  • the multiple compressors at a given stage may be operated independently or may be operated in unison if desired. As such, the invention should not be limited to a three stage system that employs only a single compressor at each stage.
  • the pressure ratio of the three stage system 205 of Fig. 5 is greater than the pressure ratio of any one stage 10a, 10b, 10c.
  • the pressure ratio of the three-stage compression system 205 is about twenty to one.
  • other systems will have different pressure ratios depending on the desired use or application of the fluid being compressed.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of one possible control arrangement 275 suitable for use with the multi-stage system 205 illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • Each motor 15a, 15b, 15c includes a motor controller 275a, 275b, 275c that directly controls the speed of the attached motor 15a, 15b, 15c.
  • a system controller 280 is connected to each motor controller 275a, 275b, 275c and provides control signals 285 to each motor controller 275a, 275b, 275c to control the speed of the motors 15a, 15b, 15c.
  • a first sensor 290 is positioned to measure the output pressure of the multi-stage system 205 and provides a control signal 295 indicative of that pressure to the controller 280. While not illustrated, other sensors could also be employed to send data to the controller 280. The data could be used for controlling the motors 15a, 15b, 15c or could simply be monitored.
  • each motor 15a, 15b, 15c can be operated at a speed that is suitable for the compressor 20a, 20b, 20c, while still providing fluid at the desired pressure and volumetric flow rate.
  • each motor 15a, 15b, 15c can be adjusted to run at a speed that produces a suitable flow rate and pressure ratio at the compressor 20a, 20b, 20c, while simultaneously providing the desired conditions for the output fluid.
  • Fig. 7 schematically illustrates multiple compression modules 295a, 295b, including multiple variable speed electric motors 300a, 300b.
  • the first compression module 295a includes a first motor 300a driving two compressors 305a, 305b and the second compression module 295b includes the second motor 300b and a single compressor 305c driven by the second motor 300b.
  • the two compressors 305a, 305b of the first compression module 295a could be positioned in series as illustrated in Fig. 7 or could be arranged in parallel to increase the capacity of the first stage of compression.
  • each motor 15 is powered by the electrical cabinet 75 and controller 76 which rotates the rotor 25 and shaft 40 and ultimately causes impeller aerodynamic surfaces 150 to rotate.
  • This draws fluid into a first compressor 20 via intake path 185 at atmospheric pressure and out through discharge portion 120 at a higher pressure.
  • the compressed fluid is sent through a heat exchanger 220, 240, 260 which removes some of the heat that has been produced by compressing the fluid.
  • This cooled fluid is then drawn into a second compressor 20 and to any number of desired additional stages to allow for different pressures of fluid to be available for use, or to attain a greater pressure than would normally be possible by a single compressor.
  • the controller 280 includes information about compressed gas temperatures and pressures, positions of valves, stability margin of the compressor 20a, 20b, 20c, requirements of the system upstream the compressor 20a, 20b, 20c, and performance parameters of the auxiliary systems.
  • the speed of each motor 15a, 15b, 15c is controlled and varied by the controller 280 in response to the desired output pressure, ambient temperature and pressure, fluid temperature and other relevant variables as may be required.
  • one construction includes a pressure sensor and a velocity sensor at the outlet of each compression stage. The pressure and velocity are used to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stage and the pressure is used to determine the pressure ratio. These values are then applied to a compressor map, along with the speed of the compressor, to determine if the compressor has sufficient surge margin and choke margin.
  • Each stage of compression is optimized to run efficiently, with sufficient margins, and at a speed that allows for the output of compressed fluid having the desired characteristics (e.g., pressure, flow rate, etc.).
  • the design of the impeller 85 as well as the shaft 40 and the active magnetic bearings 55 is such that the rotating assembly operates below its first critical speed under all normal operating conditions.
  • the sub- critical operation is achieved by providing a light yet stiff rotating assembly.
  • the impeller 85 is compact for it's size and is formed using a light yet strong material (e.g., titanium alloys, aluminum, etc.).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de compression à plusieurs étages comprenant un premier étage de compresseur centrifuge présentant un premier orifice d'entrée et un premier orifice de sortie, et un deuxième étage de compresseur centrifuge présentant un deuxième orifice d'entrée et un deuxième orifice de sortie. Le deuxième orifice d'entrée reçoit un flux de fluide comprimé du premier orifice de sortie. Un premier moteur à vitesse variable couplé au premier étage de compresseur l'entraîne à une première vitesse. Un deuxième moteur à vitesse variable couplé au deuxième étage de compresseur l'entraîne à une deuxième vitesse. La première vitesse et la deuxième peuvent varier indépendamment.
EP06803833A 2005-09-19 2006-09-19 Systeme de compression a plusieurs etages comportant des moteurs a vitesse variable Withdrawn EP1926914A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71838905P 2005-09-19 2005-09-19
PCT/US2006/036418 WO2007035700A2 (fr) 2005-09-19 2006-09-19 Systeme de compression a plusieurs etages comportant des moteurs a vitesse variable

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1926914A2 true EP1926914A2 (fr) 2008-06-04

Family

ID=37776898

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06803833A Withdrawn EP1926914A2 (fr) 2005-09-19 2006-09-19 Systeme de compression a plusieurs etages comportant des moteurs a vitesse variable

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20070065300A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1926914A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101268281A (fr)
WO (1) WO2007035700A2 (fr)

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CN101268281A (zh) 2008-09-17
WO2007035700A3 (fr) 2007-06-28
US20070065300A1 (en) 2007-03-22

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