EP1925785B1 - Water drainage apparatus for a turbine - Google Patents
Water drainage apparatus for a turbine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1925785B1 EP1925785B1 EP06024237A EP06024237A EP1925785B1 EP 1925785 B1 EP1925785 B1 EP 1925785B1 EP 06024237 A EP06024237 A EP 06024237A EP 06024237 A EP06024237 A EP 06024237A EP 1925785 B1 EP1925785 B1 EP 1925785B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- drainage
- housing wall
- pressure chamber
- turbine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents‎ Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a turbine dewatering device, in particular for a steam turbine, with a pressure-resistant housing wall for delimiting pressure chambers for receiving along a prevailing pressure gradient prevailing blade rows against an ambient space and with a dewatering agent for conducting condensate within the housing wall parallel to the pressure gradient.
- condensation preferably occurs with a strong relaxation of the working steam and in a low load range, especially the low-pressure part of a steam turbine is susceptible to condensation of the steam. Condensation is detrimental in many ways as it aids rusting and galling and also negatively affects the performance of the steam turbine. Therefore, the condensed water should be removed from the turbine before it causes damage and significantly reduces the performance of the turbine.
- a turbine dewatering device of the type mentioned which according to the invention comprises a control unit for controlling dewatering of the pressure chambers, which is intended first to drain a pressure chamber of low pressure, then to dewater a pressure chamber of higher pressure in the pressure chamber of low pressure and then continue to drain the pressure chamber of low pressure.
- Lines outside the housing wall can be saved and the turbine dewatering device can be kept compact.
- the housing wall may be a wall of an inner housing of the turbine.
- the ambient space may be an environment of the turbine.
- the boundary comprises a pressure boundary, so that during operation of the turbine within the housing wall a higher pressure prevails than outside the housing wall.
- the pressure chambers expediently comprise at least one guide blade carrier, which in particular supports a number of rows of guide blades against the housing wall.
- the pressure differential is created by the flow of the working steam and the rows of blades opposing the flow of steam so that the working steam flows from a region of higher pressure into a region of lower pressure.
- the dehydrating agent directs the condensed water along the pressure gradient, ie from a region of higher pressure into a region of lower pressure within the housing wall.
- the pressure chambers are connected to each other by a lying within the housing wall portion of the dehydrating agent. Condensation can be passed from one pressure chamber to another pressure chamber - expediently to an adjacent pressure chamber - without having to lead the condensate, and thus also working steam, out of the turbine housing.
- the dehydrating agent connects all the pressure chambers of the turbine with each other.
- condensation water from all pressure chambers can be connected within the housing wall to form a stream, so that separate lines can be saved.
- Condensation can be passed through all the pressure chambers, from the highest pressure chamber to the lowest pressure chamber of the turbine.
- a particularly simple and cost-effective management of the condensate along the pressure gradient can be achieved if the pressure chambers are separated by a pressure-resistant separation unit and the dewatering agent has a channel through the separation unit.
- the condensed water can flow without auxiliary from the pressure chamber of higher pressure to the pressure chamber of lower pressure, whereby it is pressed by the pressure gradient through the separation unit.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the turbine dewatering device has a web for receiving a guide vane carrier, wherein the dewatering means comprises a drainage channel in the web.
- the drainage channel can be easily manufactured, in particular without having to be introduced into the guide vane carrier.
- the inclusion of the vane support may be accomplished by the vane support encompassing or engaging the land.
- the web is suitably connected directly to the housing wall, for example, welded.
- the drainage channel can be introduced at the lowest point of the respective pressure chamber, so that the pressure chamber can be completely drained.
- the dewatering agent in a further embodiment variant of the invention has a valve arranged within the housing wall.
- the valve may in this case be arranged within the space occupied by the housing wall or within the space enclosed by the housing wall.
- the valve is disposed within a separation unit separating two pressure chambers so that the passage of condensed water from one pressure chamber to another can be controlled.
- a simple production of the turbine dewatering device can be achieved if the valve is arranged in a drainage channel extending within the housing wall and can be inserted from outside the housing wall into the dewatering channel.
- a maintenance or replacement of the valve can be performed easily and inexpensively, for which purpose the valve is expediently removable from outside the housing wall from its working position.
- Simple control of the valve is achievable if the valve is controllable from outside the housing wall.
- the condensate is advantageously recycled to the circulation.
- a convenient place to feed the condensate in the water-steam cycle is a condenser of the turbine system.
- piping can at least largely be dispensed with when the dehydrating agent extends within the housing wall to the capacitor.
- the control unit for controlling a drainage of the pressure chambers for example a computing unit for controlling a valve.
- a water level or an amount of water in a pressure chamber can be measured with a water sensor and it can be dewatered depending on the water level or the amount of water. Also conceivable is drainage at predetermined time intervals.
- the amount of condensed water generated may be determined depending on operating modes of the turbine, steam temperatures or pressures and stored in the control unit so that it controls dewatering according to the deposited data and e.g. sets a duration of a dehydration period and a non-dehydrated period accordingly.
- the pressure chamber In a drainage of a pressure chamber in another pressure chamber, that is, a discharge of condensed water from a pressure chamber into the other pressure chamber, the pressure chamber is dehydrated in addition to the resulting in this pressure chamber condensate with the condensate of the dewatered pressure chamber acted upon.
- the pressure chamber In order to avoid too high a level of the pressure chamber into which is dewatered, the pressure chamber is advantageously first dehydrated before being dehydrated into it.
- the control unit is provided to first dewater a pressure chamber of low pressure, then to drain a pressure chamber of higher pressure into the pressure chamber of low pressure and then to further dehydrate the pressure chamber of lower pressure.
- the further drainage can be carried out as a continuous further or renewed further drainage. For drainage, it is sufficient to remove condensation from one Remove pressure chamber, the pressure chamber must not be completely emptied.
- control unit is provided to dehydrate at a drainage of a pressure chamber of higher pressure in a pressure chamber of low pressure these inevitably expediently before dehydration into it.
- FIG. 1 shows a steam turbine 2 in a sectional view, which has a housing 4 with a pressure-resistant housing wall 6 for flameproof shielding of pressure chambers 8, 10, 12 against an ambient space 14 outside the housing wall 6.
- a rotor with a shaft 16 is rotatably mounted which carries a number of blade rows 18.
- the blade rows 18 together with rows of guide blades 20 are part of three blade stages 22, 24, 26, in which the blade rows 18 engage between the rows of stator blades 20.
- Each of the vane stages 22, 24, 26 has a vane support 28, 30, 32 which carries the vane rows 20 and is fixedly connected to the housing wall 6.
- the steam flows through rows of blades 36 of the second blade stage 24 designed as a medium-pressure stage, where it is further expanded and fills the third pressure chamber 12, but with even lower pressure than the second pressure chamber 10.
- After a final flow through rows of blades 38 of the third blade stage 26 designed as a low-pressure stage The steam passes substantially relaxed via a steam outlet 40 in a condenser 42 shown only schematically, in which it is condensed before being reheated for a new pass through the steam turbine 2. Due to the different pressures in the pressure chambers 8, 10, 12, a pressure gradient 44 is formed within the housing 6, which is indicated schematically by an arrow.
- the pressure chamber 12 is endangered by condensation, which there - preferably at a low power of the turbine 2, in particular less than 20% of the rated power - increasingly reflected. This condensation can cause a cooling of lower parts of the housing wall 6, which can form undesirable thermal stresses there.
- a dehydrating agent 46 is provided, the six Drainage channels 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 by webs of the housing wall 6, through which the condensation can flow.
- the drainage channel 48 connects the pressure chambers 8 and 10 with each other and the drainage channel the pressure chambers 10 and 12.
- the drainage channel 52 leads without pressure gradient through a housing web.
- the drainage channels 54, 56, 58 connect the pressure chamber 12 to the steam outlet 40.
- the drainage channels 48, 50, 54, 56 each connect spaces with each other in which there are different pressures during the operation of the steam turbine 2.
- a valve 60 (see FIG. 2 ), with which the respective drainage channel 48, 50, 54, 56 can be closed or opened.
- FIG. 2 a section of the housing wall 6 in the region of the drainage channel 50 is shown.
- the housing wall 6 includes there a circumferential web 62, in which a groove 64 is introduced.
- this groove 64 designed as a holding plate further web 66 is welded, which engages in the guide vane carrier 30 and holds it in its axial position.
- the drainage channel 50 is guided by the web 62 and the web 66, in such a way that it extends radially outside of the guide blade carrier 30, so that it can remain unchanged despite the channel 50.
- the drainage channel 50 is disposed at the lowest point of the pressure chamber 10, so that it can be completely emptied through the drainage channel 50.
- the valve 60 shown only schematically is inserted from radially outside through an opening 68 in the drainage channel 50 and screwed, for example, in the housing wall 6.
- a control line 70 it is connected to a control unit 72, which opens and Close the valve 60 after a program or on a manual input of an operator controls out.
- the valves in the drainage channels 54, 56 are first opened by the control unit 72, so that the lowermost pressure chamber 12 is dewatered. If the pressure chamber 10 is to be dehydrated, then the valve 60 is opened in the drainage channel 50, so that the pressure chamber 10 is dewatered into the pressure chamber 12. The valves in the drainage channels 54, 56 remain open until the pressure chambers 10, 12 are completely or substantially dehydrated. If the pressure chamber 8 is to be dehydrated, after dewatering the pressure chamber 10, the valve in the dewatering channel 48 is opened and the pressure chamber 8 is dewatered into the pressure chamber 10, which is dewatered at the same time or subsequently into the pressure chamber 12.
- the underlying pressure in the pressure chamber 10, 12 is always dewatered, so that can not collect condensation from two pressure chambers 8, 10, 12 in a pressure chamber 10, 12.
- these are all connected via control lines 70 to the control unit 72.
- the drainage of the pressure chambers 8, 10, 12 can be controlled by means of sensors, not shown. It is also possible to drain without detection of the Water level using flat periodic or calculated drainage times.
- the control unit 72 may be supplied with data on the steam temperature and / or the steam pressure, which calculates therefrom an expected condensate formation for the individual pressure chambers 8, 10, 12 and triggers a dewatering according to a predetermined condensation threshold.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
- Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Turbinenentwässerungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für eine Dampfturbine, mit einer druckfesten Gehäusewand zur Abgrenzung von Druckkammern zur Aufnahme von entlang eines in einem Betrieb herrschenden Druckgefälles angeordneten Schaufelreihen gegen einen Umgebungsraum und mit einem Entwässerungsmittel zum Leiten von Kondenswasser innerhalb der Gehäusewand parallel zum Druckgefälle.The invention relates to a turbine dewatering device, in particular for a steam turbine, with a pressure-resistant housing wall for delimiting pressure chambers for receiving along a prevailing pressure gradient prevailing blade rows against an ambient space and with a dewatering agent for conducting condensate within the housing wall parallel to the pressure gradient.
Bei einem Betrieb einer Dampfturbine kondensiert ein Teil des Arbeitsdampfs, der sich als Feuchtigkeit niederschlägt. Da eine Kondensation bevorzugt bei einer starken Entspannung des Arbeitsdampfs und in einem niedrigen Lastbereich auftritt, ist besonders der Niederdruckteil einer Dampfturbine anfällig gegen Kondensation des Dampfs. Das Kondenswasser ist in mehrerer Hinsicht nachteilig, da es eine Rostbildung und Anfressungen unterstützt und außerdem die Leistung der Dampfturbine negativ beeinflusst. Daher sollte das Kondenswasser aus der Turbine abgeführt werden, bevor es Beschädigungen verursacht und die Leistung der Turbine in bedeutendem Maße herabsetzt.During operation of a steam turbine condenses a part of the working steam, which is reflected as moisture. Since condensation preferably occurs with a strong relaxation of the working steam and in a low load range, especially the low-pressure part of a steam turbine is susceptible to condensation of the steam. Condensation is detrimental in many ways as it aids rusting and galling and also negatively affects the performance of the steam turbine. Therefore, the condensed water should be removed from the turbine before it causes damage and significantly reduces the performance of the turbine.
Zur Ableitung des Kondenswassers ist aus der Offenlegungsschrift
Um einen solchen unerwĂĽnschten Dampfaustritt weiter zu reduzieren, ist aus der
Aus der
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Turbinenentwässerungsvorrichtung anzugeben, mit der ein Dampfverlust gering gehalten und die kompakt ausgeführt werden kann.It is the object of the invention to provide a turbine drainage device, with which a loss of steam kept low and which can be made compact.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Turbinenentwässerungsvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, die erfindungsgemäß eine Steuereinheit zur Steuerung einer Entwässerung der Druckkammern aufweist, die dazu vorgesehen ist, zunächst eine Druckkammer niederen Drucks zu entwässern, dann eine Druckkammer höheren Drucks in die Druckkammer niederen Drucks zu entwässern und dann die Druckkammer niederen Drucks weiter zu entwässern. Es können Leitungen außerhalb der Gehäusewand eingespart und die Turbinenentwässerungsvorrichtung kann kompakt gehalten werden. Durch das Führen des Kondenswassers innerhalb der Gehäusewand kann auch mitgeführter Dampf innerhalb der Gehäusewand gehalten werden, so dass ein unerwünschtes Herausleiten von Dampf zumindest gering gehalten werden kann.This object is achieved by a turbine dewatering device of the type mentioned, which according to the invention comprises a control unit for controlling dewatering of the pressure chambers, which is intended first to drain a pressure chamber of low pressure, then to dewater a pressure chamber of higher pressure in the pressure chamber of low pressure and then continue to drain the pressure chamber of low pressure. Lines outside the housing wall can be saved and the turbine dewatering device can be kept compact. By guiding the condensate within the housing wall also entrained steam can be kept within the housing wall, so that an undesirable discharge of steam can be kept at least low.
Die Gehäusewand kann eine Wand eines Innengehäuses der Turbine sein. Der Umgebungsraum kann eine Umgebung der Turbine sein. Ebenfalls denkbar ist ein Raum zwischen einem Innengehäuse und einem Außengehäuse der Turbine. Die Abgrenzung umfasst eine Druckabgrenzung, so dass während eines Betriebs der Turbine innerhalb der Gehäusewand ein höherer Druck herrscht als außerhalb der Gehäusewand. Die Druckkammern umfassen außer zumindest einer Schaufelreihe zweckmäßigerweise zumindest einen Leitschaufelträger, der insbesondere eine Anzahl von Leitschaufelreihen gegen die Gehäusewand abstützt.The housing wall may be a wall of an inner housing of the turbine. The ambient space may be an environment of the turbine. Also conceivable is a space between an inner housing and an outer housing of the turbine. The boundary comprises a pressure boundary, so that during operation of the turbine within the housing wall a higher pressure prevails than outside the housing wall. Apart from at least one row of blades, the pressure chambers expediently comprise at least one guide blade carrier, which in particular supports a number of rows of guide blades against the housing wall.
Das Druckgefälle wird im Betrieb durch die Strömung des Arbeitsdampfs und die sich dem Dampfstrom entgegenstellenden Schaufelreihen erzeugt, so dass der Arbeitsdampf von einem Gebiet höheren Drucks in ein Gebiet niedereren Drucks strömt. Das Entwässerungsmittel leitet das Kondenswasser entlang des Druckgefälles, also von einem Gebiet höheren Drucks in ein Gebiet niedereren Drucks innerhalb der Gehäusewand.In operation, the pressure differential is created by the flow of the working steam and the rows of blades opposing the flow of steam so that the working steam flows from a region of higher pressure into a region of lower pressure. The dehydrating agent directs the condensed water along the pressure gradient, ie from a region of higher pressure into a region of lower pressure within the housing wall.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Druckkammern durch einen innerhalb der Gehäusewand liegenden Abschnitt des Entwässerungsmittels miteinander verbunden. Kondenswasser kann von einer Druckkammer zu einer anderen Druckkammer - zweckmäßigerweise zu einer benachbarten Druckkammer - geleitet werden, ohne das Kondenswasser, und damit auch Arbeitsdampf, aus dem Turbinengehäuse herausführen zu müssen.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pressure chambers are connected to each other by a lying within the housing wall portion of the dehydrating agent. Condensation can be passed from one pressure chamber to another pressure chamber - expediently to an adjacent pressure chamber - without having to lead the condensate, and thus also working steam, out of the turbine housing.
Zweckmäßigerweise verbindet das Entwässerungsmittel alle Druckkammern der Turbine miteinander. Hierdurch kann Kondenswasser aus allen Druckkammern innerhalb der Gehäusewand zu einem Strom verbunden werden, so dass separate Leitungen eingespart werden können. Kondenswasser kann durch alle Druckkammern geleitet werden, mithin von der Druckkammer höchsten Drucks bis zur Druckkammer niedersten Drucks der Turbine.Conveniently, the dehydrating agent connects all the pressure chambers of the turbine with each other. As a result, condensation water from all pressure chambers can be connected within the housing wall to form a stream, so that separate lines can be saved. Condensation can be passed through all the pressure chambers, from the highest pressure chamber to the lowest pressure chamber of the turbine.
Eine besonders einfache und kostengünstige Leitung des Kondenswassers entlang des Druckgefälles kann erreicht werden, wenn die Druckkammern durch eine druckfeste Trenneinheit voneinander getrennt sind und das Entwässerungsmittel einen Kanal durch die Trenneinheit aufweist. Das Kondenswasser kann ohne Hilfsmittel von der Druckkammer höheren Drucks zur Druckkammer niedereren Drucks fließen, wobei es durch das Druckgefälle durch die Trenneinheit gedrückt wird.A particularly simple and cost-effective management of the condensate along the pressure gradient can be achieved if the pressure chambers are separated by a pressure-resistant separation unit and the dewatering agent has a channel through the separation unit. The condensed water can flow without auxiliary from the pressure chamber of higher pressure to the pressure chamber of lower pressure, whereby it is pressed by the pressure gradient through the separation unit.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Turbinenentwässerungsvorrichtung einen Steg zur Aufnahme eines Leitschaufelträgers aufweist, wobei das Entwässerungsmittel einen Entwässerungskanal in dem Steg umfasst. Der Entwässerungskanal kann einfach hergestellt werden, insbesondere ohne dass er in den Leitschaufelträger eingebracht werden muss. Die Aufnahme des Leitschaufelträgers kann erfolgen, indem der Leitschaufelträger den Steg umfasst oder in ihn eingreift.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the turbine dewatering device has a web for receiving a guide vane carrier, wherein the dewatering means comprises a drainage channel in the web. The drainage channel can be easily manufactured, in particular without having to be introduced into the guide vane carrier. The inclusion of the vane support may be accomplished by the vane support encompassing or engaging the land.
Der Steg ist zweckmäßigerweise unmittelbar mit der Gehäusewand verbunden, beispielsweise angeschweißt. Hierdurch kann der Entwässerungskanal an der tiefsten Stelle der betreffenden Druckkammer eingebracht werden, so dass die Druckkammer vollständig entwässert werden kann.The web is suitably connected directly to the housing wall, for example, welded. In this way, the drainage channel can be introduced at the lowest point of the respective pressure chamber, so that the pressure chamber can be completely drained.
Um eine Entwässerung gezielt steuern zu können und um einem unerwünschten Austritt von Dampf durch das Entwässerungsmittel entgegenwirken zu können, weist das das Entwässerungsmittel in einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung ein innerhalb der Gehäusewand angeordnetes Ventil auf. Das Ventil kann hierbei innerhalb des von der Gehäusewand eingenommenen Raums oder innerhalb des von der Gehäusewand umschlossenen Raums angeordnet sein. Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Ventil innerhalb einer zwei Druckkammern trennenden Trenneinheit angeordnet, so dass der Übergang von Kondenswasser von einer Druckkammer zu anderen gesteuert werden kann.In order to be able to control a dewatering specifically and to be able to counteract an undesirable escape of steam through the dewatering agent, the dewatering agent in a further embodiment variant of the invention has a valve arranged within the housing wall. The valve may in this case be arranged within the space occupied by the housing wall or within the space enclosed by the housing wall. Conveniently, the valve is disposed within a separation unit separating two pressure chambers so that the passage of condensed water from one pressure chamber to another can be controlled.
Eine einfache Herstellung der Turbinenentwässerungsvorrichtung kann erreicht werden, wenn das Ventil in einem innerhalb der Gehäusewand verlaufenden Entwässerungskanal angeordnet ist und von außerhalb der Gehäusewand in den Entwässerungskanal einsetzbar ist. Außerdem kann eine Wartung oder ein Austausch des Ventils einfach und kostengünstig durchgeführt werden, wofür das Ventil zweckmäßigerweise auch von außerhalb der Gehäusewand aus seiner Arbeitsposition herausnehmbar ist. Eine einfache Steuerung des Ventils ist erreichbar, wenn das Ventil von außerhalb der Gehäusewand steuerbar ist.A simple production of the turbine dewatering device can be achieved if the valve is arranged in a drainage channel extending within the housing wall and can be inserted from outside the housing wall into the dewatering channel. In addition, a maintenance or replacement of the valve can be performed easily and inexpensively, for which purpose the valve is expediently removable from outside the housing wall from its working position. Simple control of the valve is achievable if the valve is controllable from outside the housing wall.
Um einem Wasserverlust des Wasser-Dampf-Kreislaufs entgegenzuwirken wird das Kondenswasser vorteilhafterweise in den Kreislauf zurückgeführt. Ein günstiger Ort zum Einspeisen des Kondenswassers in den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf ist ein Kondensator der Turbinenanlage. Auf eine außerhalb der Gehäusewand liegende Verrohrung kann zumindest weitgehend verzichtet werden, wenn sich das Entwässerungsmittel innerhalb der Gehäusewand bis zu dem Kondensator erstreckt.To counteract a loss of water of the water-steam cycle, the condensate is advantageously recycled to the circulation. A convenient place to feed the condensate in the water-steam cycle is a condenser of the turbine system. On a lying outside the housing wall piping can at least largely be dispensed with when the dehydrating agent extends within the housing wall to the capacitor.
Um eine Entwässerung der Druckräume an verschiedene Betriebsmodi der Turbine anpassen zu können, ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Entwässerung gesteuert werden kann. Dies wird erreicht durch die Steuereinheit zur Steuerung einer Entwässerung der Druckräume, beispielsweise eine Recheneinheit zur Steuerung eines Ventils. Zur Steuerung kann ein Wasserstand oder eine Wassermenge in einer Druckkammer mit einem Wassersensor gemessen werden und es kann abhängig vom Wasserstand oder von der Wassermenge entwässert werden. Ebenfalls denkbar ist eine Entwässerung nach vorgegebenen Zeitintervallen. So kann die Menge von erzeugtem Kondenswasser in Abhängigkeit von Betriebsmodi der Turbine, Dampftemperaturen oder -drücken ermittelt und in der Steuereinheit hinterlegt werden, so dass diese eine Entwässerung nach den hinterlegten Daten steuert und z.B. eine Dauer einer Entwässerungsperiode und einer Periode, in der nicht entwässert wird, entsprechend einstellt.In order to be able to adapt a dewatering of the pressure chambers to different operating modes of the turbine, it is advantageous if the dehydration can be controlled. This is achieved by the control unit for controlling a drainage of the pressure chambers, for example a computing unit for controlling a valve. For control, a water level or an amount of water in a pressure chamber can be measured with a water sensor and it can be dewatered depending on the water level or the amount of water. Also conceivable is drainage at predetermined time intervals. Thus, the amount of condensed water generated may be determined depending on operating modes of the turbine, steam temperatures or pressures and stored in the control unit so that it controls dewatering according to the deposited data and e.g. sets a duration of a dehydration period and a non-dehydrated period accordingly.
Bei einer Entwässerung einer Druckkammer in eine andere Druckkammer, also einem Leiten von Kondenswasser aus einer Druckkammer in die andere Druckkammer, wird die Druckkammer, in die hinein entwässert wird, zusätzlich zum in dieser Druckkammer entstandenen Kondenswasser mit dem Kondenswasser der entwässerten Druckkammer beaufschlagt. Um einen zu hohen Füllstand der Druckkammer, in die hinein entwässert wird, zu vermeiden, wird die Druckkammer vorteilhafterweise zuerst entwässert, bevor in sie hinein entwässert wird. Hierfür ist die Steuereinheit dazu vorgesehen, zunächst eine Druckkammer niederen Drucks zu entwässern, dann eine Druckkammer höheren Drucks in die Druckkammer niederen Drucks zu entwässern und dann die Druckkammer niederen Drucks weiter zu entwässern. Die weitere Entwässerung kann als kontinuierliche weitere oder erneute weitere Entwässerung durchgeführt werden. Für eine Entwässerung ist es ausreichend, Kondenswasser aus einer Druckkammer abzuführen, wobei die Druckkammer nicht vollständig entleert werden muss.In a drainage of a pressure chamber in another pressure chamber, that is, a discharge of condensed water from a pressure chamber into the other pressure chamber, the pressure chamber is dehydrated in addition to the resulting in this pressure chamber condensate with the condensate of the dewatered pressure chamber acted upon. In order to avoid too high a level of the pressure chamber into which is dewatered, the pressure chamber is advantageously first dehydrated before being dehydrated into it. For this purpose, the control unit is provided to first dewater a pressure chamber of low pressure, then to drain a pressure chamber of higher pressure into the pressure chamber of low pressure and then to further dehydrate the pressure chamber of lower pressure. The further drainage can be carried out as a continuous further or renewed further drainage. For drainage, it is sufficient to remove condensation from one Remove pressure chamber, the pressure chamber must not be completely emptied.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Steuereinheit dazu vorgesehen, bei einer Entwässerung einer Druckkammer höheren Drucks in eine Druckkammer niederen Drucks diese zwangsläufig zu entwässern, zweckmäßigerweise vor der Entwässerung in sie hinein.Advantageously, the control unit is provided to dehydrate at a drainage of a pressure chamber of higher pressure in a pressure chamber of low pressure these inevitably expediently before dehydration into it.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert, das in den Zeichnungen dargestellt ist.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment which is shown in the drawings.
Es zeigen:
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FIG 1 eine Schnittdarstellung einer Dampfturbine mit einer Turbinenentwässerungsvorrichtung und -
FIG 2 einen Kanal durch einen Gehäusesteg am Fuß eines Leitschaufelträgers mit einem von außen eingesetzten Ventil.
-
FIG. 1 a sectional view of a steam turbine with a turbine dewatering device and -
FIG. 2 a channel through a housing web at the foot of a vane carrier with a valve inserted from the outside.
Während eines Betriebs der Dampfturbine 2 strömt Dampf aus einem Düsenkasten durch Düsen in die erste Druckkammer 8 und beaufschlagt diese mit einem hohen Dampfdruck. Durch diesen Dampfdruck getrieben strömt der Dampf durch Schaufelreihen 34 der als Hochdruckstufe ausgeführten ersten Schaufelstufe 22 und treibt die Laufschaufeln dieser Schaufelstufe 22 - und damit die Welle 16 - zu einer Rotation an. Nach Durchströmen der Schaufelstufe 22 gelangt der Dampf in die zweite Druckkammer 10, die zwischen der ersten und zweiten Schaufelstufe 22, 24 angeordnet ist. Der Druck, mit dem der Dampf diese Druckkammer 10 beaufschlagt, ist geringer als der Druck in der ersten Druckkammer 8, da der Dampf in der ersten Schaufelstufe 22 bereits teilweise entspannt wurde.During operation of the
Anschließend durchströmt der Dampf Schaufelreihen 36 der als Mitteldruckstufe ausgeführten zweiten Schaufelstufe 24, wird dort weiter entspannt und füllt die dritte Druckkammer 12, jedoch mit noch geringerem Druck als die zweite Druckkammer 10. Nach einem abschließenden Durchströmen von Schaufelreihen 38 der als Niederdruckstufe ausgeführten dritten Schaufelstufe 26 gelangt der Dampf im Wesentlichen entspannt über einen Dampfauslass 40 in einen nur schematisch dargestellten Kondensator 42, in dem er kondensiert wird, bevor er für einen erneuten Durchlauf durch die Dampfturbine 2 wieder erhitzt wird. Durch die verschiedenen Drücke in den Druckkammern 8, 10, 12 ist innerhalb des Gehäuses 6 ein Druckgefälle 44 ausgebildet, das schematisch anhand eines Pfeils angedeutet ist.Subsequently, the steam flows through rows of
Je weiter der Dampf entspannt wird, desto größer ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass ein kleiner Teil des Dampfs an der Gehäusewand 6 auskondensiert und sich in einer oder mehreren Druckkammern 8, 10, 12 am tiefsten Teil der Gehäusewand 6 sammelt. Daher ist insbesondere die Druckkammer 12 von Kondenswasser gefährdet, das sich dort - bevorzugt bei einer geringen Leistung der Turbine 2, insbesondere unter 20% der Nennleistung - vermehrt niederschlägt. Dieses Kondenswasser kann eine Abkühlung unterer Teile der Gehäusewand 6 bewirken, wodurch sich dort unerwünschte thermische Spannungen bilden können.The further the steam is expanded, the greater the probability that a small part of the vapor condenses on the
Um derartige Kondenswasseransammlungen zu vermeiden, ist ein Entwässerungsmittel 46 vorgesehen, das sechs Entwässerungskanäle 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 durch Stege der Gehäusewand 6 aufweist, durch die das Kondenswasser abfließen kann. Der Entwässerungskanal 48 verbindet die Druckkammern 8 und 10 miteinander und der Entwässerungskanal die Druckkammern 10 und 12. Der Entwässerungskanal 52 führt ohne Druckgefälle durch einen Gehäusesteg. Die Entwässerungskanäle 54, 56, 58 verbinden die Druckkammer 12 mit dem Dampfauslass 40.To avoid such condensate accumulation, a dehydrating
Die Entwässerungskanäle 48, 50, 54, 56 verbinden jeweils Räume miteinander, in denen während des Betriebs der Dampfturbine 2 unterschiedliche Drücke herrschen. Um einen unerwünschten Übertritt von Dampf durch diese Entwässerungskanäle 48, 50, 54, 56 zumindest weitgehend zu vermeiden, ist in jeden dieser Entwässerungskanäle 48, 50, 54, 56 jeweils ein Ventil 60 (siehe
In
Das lediglich schematisch dargestellte Ventil 60 ist von radial außerhalb durch eine Öffnung 68 in den Entwässerungskanal 50 eingeschoben und beispielsweise in der Gehäusewand 6 verschraubt. Mittels einer Steuerleitung 70 ist es mit einer Steuereinheit 72 verbunden, die ein Öffnen und Schließen des Ventils 60 nach einem Programm oder auf eine manuelle Eingabe eines Bedieners hin steuert.The
Zum Entwässern einer oder mehrerer Druckkammern 8, 10, 12 werden von der Steuereinheit 72 zunächst die Ventile in den Entwässerungskanälen 54, 56 geöffnet, so dass die unterste Druckkammer 12 entwässert wird. Soll die Druckkammer 10 entwässert werden, wird anschließend das Ventil 60 im Entwässerungskanal 50 geöffnet, so dass die Druckkammer 10 in die Druckkammer 12 entwässert wird. Die Ventile in den Entwässerungskanälen 54, 56 bleiben so lange geöffnet, bis die Druckkammern 10, 12 vollständig oder weitgehend entwässert sind. Soll die Druckkammer 8 entwässert werden, wird nach Entwässerung der Druckkammer 10 das Ventil im Entwässerungskanal 48 geöffnet und die Druckkammer 8 in die Druckkammer 10 entwässert, die zeitgleich oder anschließend in die Druckkammer 12 entwässert wird.For dewatering one or
Bei einer Entwässerung einer Druckkammer 8, 10, wird stets die im Druck darunter liegende Druckkammer 10, 12 mit entwässert, so dass sich nicht Kondenswasser aus zwei Druckkammern 8, 10, 12 in einer Druckkammer 10, 12 sammeln kann. Zum Zweck der Steuerung der Ventile 60 sind diese alle über Steuerleitungen 70 mit der Steuereinheit 72 verbunden.In a drainage of a
Es ist auch möglich, stets nur eine Verbindung zwischen den Druckkammern 8, 10, 12 zu öffnen, so dass keine durchgehende Verbindung zwischen der Druckkammer 8 und der Druckkammer 12 oder der Druckkammer 10 und dem Dampfauslass 40 entsteht. Die Druckkammer 12 wird in den Dampfauslass 40 entwässert, so dass das Kondenswasser von dort in den Kondensator 42 abfließen kann. Auf diese Weise reicht das Entwässerungsmittel 46 von der Druckkammer 8 bis zum Kondensator 40.It is also possible to always open only one connection between the
Die Entwässerung der Druckkammern 8, 10, 12 kann mit Hilfe von nicht dargestellten Sensoren gesteuert werden. Es ist auch möglich, die Entwässerung ohne eine Erkennung des Wasserstands mit Hilfe von pauschal periodischen oder berechneten Entwässerungszeitpunkten durchzuführen. Beispielsweise können der Steuereinheit 72 Daten über die Dampftemperatur und/oder den Dampfdruck zugeführt werden, die daraus eine voraussichtliche Kondensatbildung für die einzelnen Druckkammern 8, 10, 12 berechnet und eine Entwässerung entsprechend einer vorgegebenen Kondenswasser-Schwelle triggert.The drainage of the
Claims (8)
- Water drainage apparatus for a turbine, in particular for a steam turbine (2), with a pressure-tight housing wall (6) for delimiting pressure chambers (8, 10, 12) for accommodating rows of vanes (34, 36, 38) disposed along a pressure head (44) prevailing in a plant from a surrounding space (14) and with a drainage means (46) for guiding condensed water within the housing wall (6) in parallel to the pressure head (46), characterised by a control unit (72) for controlling drainage of the pressure chambers (8, 10, 12), which is provided in order initially to drain a low-pressure pressure chamber (10, 12), then to drain a higher-pressure pressure chamber (8, 10) into the low-pressure pressure chamber (10, 12) and then further to drain the low-pressure pressure chamber (10, 12).
- Water drainage apparatus for a turbine according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the pressure chambers (8, 10, 12) are connected to one another by a section of the drainage means (46) lying inside the housing wall (6). - Water drainage apparatus for a turbine according to claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that
the pressure chambers (8, 10, 12) are separated from one another by a pressure-tight separation unit and the drainage means (46) has a drainage channel (48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58) through the separation unit. - Water drainage apparatus for a turbine according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised by
a stay (62, 66) to accommodate a guide vane support (28, 30, 32), the drainage means (46) comprising a drainage channel (48, 50, 54, 56) in the stay (62, 66). - Water drainage apparatus for a turbine according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the drainage means (46) has a valve (60) disposed inside the housing wall (6). - Water drainage apparatus for a turbine according to claim 5,
characterised in that
the valve (60) is disposed in a drainage channel (48, 50, 54, 56) running inside the housing wall (6) and can be inserted into the drainage channel (48, 50, 54, 56) from outside the housing wall (6). - Water drainage apparatus for a turbine according to claim 5 or 6,
characterised in that
the valve (60) can be controlled from outside the housing wall (6). - Water drainage apparatus for a turbine according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the drainage means (46) extends inside the housing wall (6) as far as a condenser (42).
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT06024237T ATE556199T1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2006-11-22 | TURBINE DRAINAGE DEVICE |
ES06024237T ES2386031T3 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2006-11-22 | Water drainage device for a turbine |
EP06024237A EP1925785B1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2006-11-22 | Water drainage apparatus for a turbine |
PL06024237T PL1925785T3 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2006-11-22 | Water drainage apparatus for a turbine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06024237A EP1925785B1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2006-11-22 | Water drainage apparatus for a turbine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1925785A1 EP1925785A1 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
EP1925785B1 true EP1925785B1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
Family
ID=37944235
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06024237A Not-in-force EP1925785B1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2006-11-22 | Water drainage apparatus for a turbine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1925785B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE556199T1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2386031T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1925785T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2487337A1 (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2012-08-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steam turbine in three-shelled architecture |
US20130243565A1 (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-19 | General Electric Company | Steam turbine and method for removing moisture from the steam turbine |
SE1400492A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-23 | Climeon Ab | An improved thermodynamic cycle operating at low pressure using a radial turbine |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE616473C (en) * | 1935-07-29 | Bernhard Hake Dipl Ing | Device for dewatering steam turbines | |
GB190428571A (en) | 1904-12-28 | 1905-12-28 | Warwick Machinery Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to Steam Turbines |
AT115531B (en) * | 1926-12-10 | 1929-12-27 | Vormals Skodawerke Ag | Device for removing water particles from steam turbines. |
FR671205A (en) * | 1928-03-12 | 1929-12-10 | Brown | Device for purging the blades of steam turbines |
DE1127913B (en) * | 1958-11-27 | 1962-04-19 | Escher Wyss Gmbh | Wet steam turbine stage with openings for drainage and for steam extraction |
DE1426827A1 (en) * | 1964-02-28 | 1969-01-23 | Licentia Gmbh | Device for automatic drainage of extraction lines on steam turbines |
US3694103A (en) | 1971-02-09 | 1972-09-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Protective system for automatic actuation of steam turbine drain valves |
JPS61182403A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1986-08-15 | Hitachi Ltd | Drain discharging apparatus of steam turbine |
JPS6397806A (en) | 1986-10-14 | 1988-04-28 | Toshiba Corp | Drain discharge device for steam turbine |
-
2006
- 2006-11-22 EP EP06024237A patent/EP1925785B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-11-22 PL PL06024237T patent/PL1925785T3/en unknown
- 2006-11-22 AT AT06024237T patent/ATE556199T1/en active
- 2006-11-22 ES ES06024237T patent/ES2386031T3/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE556199T1 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
EP1925785A1 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
PL1925785T3 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
ES2386031T3 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
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