EP1925056B1 - Wellenleiterfilter für mikrowellen mit nicht parallelen wänden - Google Patents

Wellenleiterfilter für mikrowellen mit nicht parallelen wänden Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1925056B1
EP1925056B1 EP06808113.2A EP06808113A EP1925056B1 EP 1925056 B1 EP1925056 B1 EP 1925056B1 EP 06808113 A EP06808113 A EP 06808113A EP 1925056 B1 EP1925056 B1 EP 1925056B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
section
cross
waveguide
cavities
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Not-in-force
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EP06808113.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1925056A1 (de
Inventor
Jaime Huesco Gonzalez
David Raboso Garcia-Baquero
Dietmar Schmitt
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Agence Spatiale Europeenne
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Agence Spatiale Europeenne
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters

Definitions

  • a microwave waveguide filter having a geometry modified to make it more resistant to self-sustaining electron avalanche discharges, as well as a microwave transmitter, particularly for space applications, equipped with such a filter.
  • microwaves electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of between 1 and 100 GHz.
  • the self-sustaining electron avalanche discharge (called “multipactor”, “multipaction” or “multipacting” in the English language literature) is an undesired phenomenon that may occur in micro waveguide devices.
  • -Wonders operating in vacuum under high power conditions (typically above 1 kW).
  • This discharge is caused by free electrons which, accelerated by the microwave oscillating electric field, strike the walls of the guide and thus cause the emission of secondary electrons.
  • the frequency of oscillation of the electrons resonates with the frequency of the electric field, the number of electrons grows exponentially, which induces troublesome effects such as losses and a high level of noise, or even damage to the guide. Further discussion of this phenomenon can be found in the article by M. Ludovico, G. Zarba, L. Accatino and D. Raboso "Multipaction Analysis and Power Handling Evaluation in Waveguide Components for Satellite Antenna Applications", exp., Vol. 1, No. 1, December 2001 .
  • Microwave waveguide filters used in satellites are strongly affected by self-sustaining electron avalanche dumps.
  • the prevention of these discharges therefore presents a of great interest to the space and telecommunications industry, especially since there is a tendency to increase the power level of the signals to be transmitted within the same waveguide device.
  • Another solution is to maintain a sufficiently high pressure inside the guide, so as to reduce the average free path of the electrons, which increases the threshold power for the onset of self-sustaining avalanche discharges. electrons.
  • This solution also has disadvantages, since the presence of gas can induce effluents and is a potential source of passive intermodulation (PIM).
  • PIM passive intermodulation
  • the pressurizing equipment significantly increases the mass, size and cost of the system.
  • JP2004048486 A discloses a filter comprising hexagonal shaped cross-section waveguides, with the possibility of having trapezoidal sections.
  • the invention provides a solution to at least one of the problems mentioned above.
  • the principle underlying the invention is that the use of a waveguide having two opposite walls that are not parallel to one another, but a cross section at least locally constant, that is to say constant over a certain length, makes it possible to modify the trajectories of the secondary electrons so as to greatly increase the threshold of appearance of the self-sustained discharges with avalanche of electrons .
  • This effect was observed for the first time by E. Chojnacki (Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol 3, 032001-2000 ) in the case of constant-section waveguides operating at 500 MHz radiofrequency in continuous or near-continuous mode.
  • the inventors have discovered that by replacing, in a microwave filter, sections of a conventional rectangular waveguide by sections of a waveguide whose cross section has two opposite non-parallel sides with each other. and by suitably modifying certain dimensions of the different elements of said filter, it is possible to obtain a transfer function substantially identical to that of the initial filter, at least within a useful band. In this way it is possible to increase the resistance of the filter to self-sustaining electron avalanche discharges while maintaining its filtering properties.
  • the solution of the invention makes it possible to keep the bulk and mass of the filter substantially constant. Even if the cost of manufacture is likely to increase slightly compared to the case of a conventional filter, this extra cost remains lower than that associated with most known solutions of the prior art.
  • the inventors have also developed a design process for determining the dimensional changes to be made to the conventional starting filter so as to maintain its filtering properties despite the replacement of rectangular waveguide sections by non-parallel wall waveguide sections.
  • An object of the invention is therefore a microwave waveguide filter having a plurality of sidewalls and having, over at least a portion of its length, a cross section comprising a plurality of sides formed by sections of said sidewalls and a single hollow inner region, the contour of which is defined by said sides; characterized in that two of said opposite sides are not parallel to each other.
  • Another object of the invention is a microwave transmitter comprising at least one such filter, in particular an emitter having a peak power of at least 0.5 kW in the X to Ka bands.
  • typical values for the formation threshold of electron-avalanche self-sustaining discharges in the considered bands are about 500 W at 2 kW for bandpass filters and 4 kW or more for pass filters. -low.
  • the figure 1 shows the cross section of a non-parallel wall waveguide section intended to replace, in accordance with the invention, a rectangular waveguide section within a microwave filter.
  • the electric field of the waves is propagating in the guide is perpendicular to the longer side 101.
  • the reference sign 120 indicates the vectors representing the electric field within the guide 110. It can be seen that the field is more intense in the central region of said guide and that its lines 121 have an approximately circular shape. Even in the frequency domain considered here (X to Ka bands, that is to say from about 8 to 40 GHz), this distribution of the electric field effectively suppresses the self-sustaining discharges by deflecting the trajectories of the electrons, as observed by Chojnacki at much lower frequencies (500 MHz).
  • the angle ⁇ formed by the non-parallel sides 111 'and 111 "need not necessarily have a value of 19 °: as a general rule, the larger the value of the angle ⁇ , the greater the suppression effect. self-sustaining discharges are effective, but the electrical characteristics of the modified filter deviate from those of the rectangular section reference filter, typically acceptable values for the angle ⁇ are between 5 ° and 35 °, preferably between 15 ° and 35 ° and still more preferably between 20 ° and 30 °, a value of about 30 ° being particularly preferred.
  • the cross section of the waveguide 110 has a trapezoidal shape, almost triangular. It is understood that this is not a limitation either: a cross section according to the invention may for example be trapezoidal, triangular in shape
  • the sides 112 'and 112 are parallel to each other and the guide 110 has a plane of symmetry 130. Although preferred, these features are not essential.
  • the exponent P recalls that these are the dimensions of the reference filter, having a rectangular cross section, that is to say with parallel sides.
  • both the cavities 201 - 204 and the irises 211 - 215 are in fact constituted by waveguide sections with a rectangular section, all having the same height b and different widths a and lengths L.
  • the filter NP 200 according to the invention obtained by applying this method is represented on the Figure 2B .
  • the different elements of the filter and the corresponding dimensions are identified by the same reference signs used for the conventional type filter 200 of the Figure 2A , with an exponent "NP", for "non-parallel sides”.
  • the first step of this dimensional adjustment process is to modify the width of the irises modified at NP 211 , NP 212 , NP 213 , NP 214 and NP 215 until the parameter module S 21 at the center of the band of each modified iris be the same. than that of the iris with corresponding rectangular section.
  • This can be done using numerical simulations, for example using the FEST3D simulator, developed by ESTEC, or HFSS, distributed by Ansoft Corp.
  • the modified irises 211 NP , 212 NP , 213 NP , 214 NP and 215 NP are analyzed, again using numerical simulations, in order to calculate the phase of their parameters S 11 and S 22 .
  • these values are used to determine the length of 201 NP - 204 NP cavities in order to find the desired frequency response.
  • the determination of the length of each cavity comprises two steps: initially the length of all the cavities are posited equal to ⁇ G / 2, where ⁇ G is the wavelength at center band in the guide, then one proceeds to a "adjustment" of the lengths to take into account the effects of edge (deformation of the lines force fields) at the level of discontinuities between cavities and irises.
  • a change in the average height b of the structure does not change its frequency response, but allows to adjust the quality factor Q to coincide with that of the rectangular reference filter.
  • the figure 3 shows the frequency dependence of the diffusion parameters of the reference filter 200 (curves S P 11 and S P 21 ) and of the modified filter 200 NP (curves S NP 11 and S NP 21 ). It can be observed that the filtering properties of the two devices are very similar, except for a slight offset of the central frequency of the bandwidth, of the order of 7 MHz. To eliminate this offset it is possible to repeat the dimensional adjustment process from a slightly modified reference filter, proceeding by successive tests.
  • the attenuation of the modified filter NP 200 is slightly lower at high frequencies: this is due to the fact that the non-parallel wall filter has higher order modes at lower frequencies than the sectional reference filter. rectangular.
  • An extended analysis at higher frequencies shows that the modified filter NP 200 has the first parasitic bandwidth, due to higher order modes, at about 13.2 GHz, while this band is located at about 15 GHz for the filter reference.
  • the frequency shift effect of the filter modes can be understood using the figure 5 , which shows how the cutoff waveform numbers kc1, kc2 of the two lower order modes (i.e. having the smallest cut-off number kc) evolve to the increase of angle ⁇ . It is observed that the distance D between the modes remains practically constant for angles ⁇ lying between 0 ° (rectangular section filter) and 30 °, then it decreases rapidly beyond 30 °. Since the effect of suppression of self-sustaining discharges with electron avalanches is all the more important as the angle ⁇ is large, we understand the interest of choosing a value close to 30 ° in order to reach the highest threshold power while maintaining good filtering properties.
  • the figure 4 shows the amplitude distribution of the electric field inside the filter NP 200 according to the invention for an injected power standardized to 1 W at 9.5 GHz. It can be seen that the peak amplitude of the field is located in the central resonance cavities, 202 NP and 203 NP . These cavities are therefore the only parts of the filter in which the risk of occurrence of a self-sustaining discharge of electrons is significant. Therefore, it would have been possible to limit the application of the principle of non-parallel wall waveguide only to the central cavities, keeping a rectangular section for the external cavities and irises. However, the use of a non-parallel wall structure over the entire length of the device has been preferred to simplify manufacture.
  • the dimensional adjustment method has been described with reference to the particular case of an inductive resonant cavity and iris filter, but it can be easily generalized to other families of filters, for example to capacitive low-pass filters. In all cases it is necessary to calculate, usually using numerical simulations, the cutoff frequency of the guide and the parameters S of each cavity or discontinuity. Then, we modify the different dimensions of the structure as in the example.
  • the non-parallel wall filter 200 NP of the Figure 2B and its reference filter 200 of the Figure 2A were manufactured and their threshold power for the occurrence of a self-sustaining avalanche electron discharge was measured at center band (9.5 GHz). It has been found that said threshold power goes from 690 W for the conventional filter 200 to 850 W for the filter of the invention 200 NP .
  • the use of a geometry according to the invention therefore makes it possible to increase the maximum power that can be transmitted in a microwave filter by about 23%, ie almost 1 dB. An even higher threshold power can be obtained by optimizing the shape of the waveguide, and in particular the value of the angle ⁇ .

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Claims (8)

  1. Wellenleiterfilter (200NP) für Mikrowellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Folgendes aufweist:
    - Eingangswellenleiter (231) und Ausgangswellenleiter (232), die Standardwellenleiterabschnitte mit rechteckigem Querschnitt sind;
    - Hohlräume (201, 202, 203, 204), die Wellenleiterabschnitte sind, wobei jeder Abschnitt Folgendes aufweist:
    • mehrere Seitenwände,
    • einen Querschnitt mit mehreren Seiten (111', 111", 112', 112"), die durch Schnitte der Seitenwände gebildet sind, wobei der Querschnitt die Gestalt eines Dreiecks oder Trapez hat, bei dem zwei gegenüberliegende Seiten (111', 111") des Trapez nicht parallel zueinander verlaufen,
    • einen einzigen hohlen Innenbereich, dessen Kontur durch die Seiten (111', 111", 112', 112") definiert ist,
    - Irisblenden (211, 212, 213, 214, 215), die Wellenleiterabschnitte mit rechteckigem oder trapezförmigem Querschnitt sind, die Schnitte mit Abmessungen aufweisen, die enger sind als die Abmessungen der Hohlräume und der Eingangs- und Ausgangswellenleiter sind, und die die Hohlräume (201, 202, 203, 204) miteinander und mit den Eingangswellenleitern (231) und den Ausgangswellenleitern (232) verbinden.
  2. Filter nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Querschnitt die Form eines Trapez hat, wobei die gegenüberliegenden Seiten (111', 111") des Trapez, die nicht parallel zueinander verlaufen, die Seiten mit der größten Länge sind.
  3. Filter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Querschnitt die Form eines Trapez hat, wobei die beiden gegenüberliegenden Seiten (111', 111") des Trapez, die nicht parallel zueinander verlaufen, durch zwei gegenüberliegende, zueinander parallele Seiten (112', 112") verbunden sind.
  4. Filter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Querschnitt eine Symmetrieachse aufweist.
  5. Filter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die beiden gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Trapez, die nicht parallel zueinander verlaufen, zwischen sich einen Winkel bilden, der zwischen 5° und 35°, vorzugsweise zwischen 15° und 35° und in einer weiter bevorzugten Weise zwischen 20° und 30° beträgt.
  6. Filter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das mindestens eine Grenzfrequenz in einem der Frequenzbänder X, Ku, K oder Ka aufweist.
  7. Mikrowellensender mit mindestens einem Filter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.
  8. Sender nach Anspruch 9, der in den Frequenzbändern X bis Ka eine Spitzenleistung von mindestens 0,5 kW hat.
EP06808113.2A 2005-09-12 2006-09-12 Wellenleiterfilter für mikrowellen mit nicht parallelen wänden Not-in-force EP1925056B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0509264A FR2890787B1 (fr) 2005-09-12 2005-09-12 Filtre a guide d'onde pour micro-ondes a parois non paralleles.
PCT/FR2006/002087 WO2007031639A1 (fr) 2005-09-12 2006-09-12 Filtre a guide d'onde pour micro-ondes a parois non paralleles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1925056A1 EP1925056A1 (de) 2008-05-28
EP1925056B1 true EP1925056B1 (de) 2014-04-09

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EP06808113.2A Not-in-force EP1925056B1 (de) 2005-09-12 2006-09-12 Wellenleiterfilter für mikrowellen mit nicht parallelen wänden

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US (1) US8593236B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1925056B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2890787B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2007031639A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107275741A (zh) * 2017-06-14 2017-10-20 电子科技大学 一种新型的毫米波波导径向功率合成电路

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3729558A4 (de) * 2017-12-21 2021-07-28 RUAG Space AB Übertragungsleitung für vakuumanwendungen
US11289784B2 (en) * 2020-07-10 2022-03-29 Lockheed Martin Corporation Multipaction-proof waveguide filter
FR3117276A1 (fr) * 2020-12-03 2022-06-10 Swissto12 Sa Filtre à guide d’onde en peigne

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004048486A (ja) * 2002-07-12 2004-02-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 導波管
JP2004289517A (ja) * 2003-03-24 2004-10-14 Nec Corp 導波管フィルタ

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5231073A (en) * 1987-11-18 1993-07-27 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Microwave/far infrared cavities and waveguides using high temperature superconductors
US5534881A (en) * 1994-08-31 1996-07-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Microwave filter assembly having a nonsymmetrical waveguide and an antenna
US5821836A (en) * 1997-05-23 1998-10-13 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Miniaturized filter assembly
US7132909B2 (en) * 2000-10-11 2006-11-07 Paul Mack Microwave waveguide
GB2388703B (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-12-14 Marconi Applied Techn Ltd Terahertz power generation
US6960747B2 (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-11-01 Personal Chemistry I Uppsala Ab Microwave applicator system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004048486A (ja) * 2002-07-12 2004-02-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 導波管
JP2004289517A (ja) * 2003-03-24 2004-10-14 Nec Corp 導波管フィルタ

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107275741A (zh) * 2017-06-14 2017-10-20 电子科技大学 一种新型的毫米波波导径向功率合成电路
CN107275741B (zh) * 2017-06-14 2020-07-10 电子科技大学 一种新型的毫米波波导径向功率合成电路

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8593236B2 (en) 2013-11-26
FR2890787B1 (fr) 2009-06-05
WO2007031639A1 (fr) 2007-03-22
US20100141357A1 (en) 2010-06-10
EP1925056A1 (de) 2008-05-28
FR2890787A1 (fr) 2007-03-16

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