EP1917469B1 - Procede utilisant un systeme de cogeneration avec un systeme auxiliaire d'air enrichi en oxygene - Google Patents

Procede utilisant un systeme de cogeneration avec un systeme auxiliaire d'air enrichi en oxygene Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1917469B1
EP1917469B1 EP06795153A EP06795153A EP1917469B1 EP 1917469 B1 EP1917469 B1 EP 1917469B1 EP 06795153 A EP06795153 A EP 06795153A EP 06795153 A EP06795153 A EP 06795153A EP 1917469 B1 EP1917469 B1 EP 1917469B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stream
oxygen
gas
exhaust gas
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP06795153A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1917469A2 (fr
Inventor
Tailai Hu
Pavol Pranda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Priority to PL06795153T priority Critical patent/PL1917469T3/pl
Publication of EP1917469A2 publication Critical patent/EP1917469A2/fr
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Publication of EP1917469B1 publication Critical patent/EP1917469B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1861—Waste heat boilers with supplementary firing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/10—Premixing fluegas with fuel and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/50—Control of recirculation rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07006—Control of the oxygen supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07007—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber using specific ranges of oxygen percentage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/12—Recycling exhaust gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • Gas turbines offer significant advantages for power generation because they are compact, lightweight, reliable, and efficient. They are capable of rapid startup, follow transient loading well, and can be operated remotely or left unattended. Gas turbines have a long service life, long service intervals, and low maintenance costs. Cooling fluids are not usually required. These advantages result in the widespread selection of gas turbine engines for power generation.
  • a basic gas turbine assembly includes a compressor to draw in and compress a working gas (usually air), a combustor where a fuel (i.e., methane, propane, or natural gas) is mixed with the compressed air and then the mixture is combusted to add energy thereto, and a turbine to extract mechanical power from the combustion products. The turbine is coupled to a generator for converting the mechanical power generated by the turbine to electricity.
  • a fuel i.e., methane, propane, or natural gas
  • a characteristic of gas-turbine engines is the incentive to operate at as high a turbine inlet temperature as prevailing technology will allow. This incentive comes from the direct benefit to both specific output power and cycle efficiency. Associated with the high inlet temperature is a high exhaust temperature which, if not utilized, represents waste heat dissipated to the atmosphere. Systems to capture this high-temperature waste heat are prevalent in industrial applications of the gas turbine.
  • Examples of such systems are cogeneration systems and combined cycle systems.
  • one or more heat exchangers are placed in the exhaust duct of the turbine to transfer heat to feed-water circulating through the exchangers to transform the feed-water into steam.
  • the steam is used to produce additional power using a steam turbine.
  • the steam is transported and used as a source of energy for other applications (usually referred to as process steam).
  • EP0884468 A2 describes a combined cycle system.
  • a prior art cogeneration system typically incudes a gas turbine engine, a generator, and a heat recovery steam generator.
  • the gas turbine engine includes a compressor, a combustor (with a fuel supply), and a turbine.
  • a compressor operates by transferring momentum to air via a high speed rotor. The pressure of the air is increased by the change in magnitude and radius of the velocity components of the air as it passes through the rotor. Thermodynamically speaking, the compressor transfers mechanical power supplied by rotating a shaft coupled to the rotor to the air by increasing the pressure and temperature of the air.
  • a combustor operates by mixing fuel with the compressed air, igniting the fuel/air mixture to add primarily heat energy thereto.
  • a turbine operates in an essentially opposite manner relative to the compressor.
  • the turbine expands the hot and pressurized combustion products through a bladed rotor coupled to a shaft, thereby extracting mechanical energy from the combustion products.
  • the combusted products are exhausted into a duct.
  • Feed-water is pumped through the steam generator located in the duct where it is evaporated into steam. It is through this process that useful energy is harvested from the turbine exhaust gas.
  • the turbine exhaust gas is expelled into the atmosphere at a stack.
  • a furnace is disposed in the exhaust duct.
  • the furnace provides an alternate source of hot gas for steam generation.
  • a portion of the exhaust gas may be recirculated back to the furnace.
  • the efficiency of the fresh air mode increases with an increase in recirculation rate of the exhaust gas. Heat energy lost through the stack also decreases with an increase in recirculation rate of the exhaust gas.
  • Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to an exhaust gas recirculation system which maintains a desired oxygen concentration for stable combustion at increased recirculation rates.
  • a method for H generating heat energy includes the acts of mixing a first stream of exhaust gas with a stream of fresh air, thereby forming a mixture; injecting the mixture, a stream of fuel, and a stream of oxygen-enriched gas into a burner; combusting and mixing the mixture with the stream of fuel and the stream of oxygen-enriched gas, thereby forming a second stream of the exhaust gas; and dividing the second stream of the exhaust gas into at least the first stream of exhaust gas and a third stream of the exhaust gas.
  • a steam generator in another embodiment not forming part of the invention, includes a main duct; a furnace in fluid communication with the main duct.
  • the furnace includes a combustion chamber having a first axial end and a second axial end; and a burner located proximate to the first axial end.
  • the steam generator further includes a heat exchanger having a first chamber physically separate from and in thermal communication with a second chamber, the first chamber either in fluid communication with the main duct or being part of the main duct, the first chamber in fluid communication with the second axial end of the combustion chamber.
  • the steam generator further includes a recirculation system.
  • the recirculation system includes a first diverter damper in fluid communication with the first chamber of the heat exchanger and a recycle duct; the recycle duct in fluid communication with the diverter damper and a mixing damper; and the mixing damper in fluid communication with the main duct and fresh air.
  • the steam generator further includes an oxygen-enrichment system.
  • the oxygen-enrichment system includes a source of oxygen-enriched gas in fluid communication with the burner via an oxygen line.
  • a method for generating heat energy using a cogeneration system including a gas turbine engine and a steam generation system, where the method includes acts of operating the cogeneration system in a first mode in which the gas turbine engine is operated to produce energy; and operating the cogeneration system in a second mode in which the gas turbine engine is disabled and the steam generation system operates to generate energy
  • the operation in the second mode includes acts of flowing a combustible mixture into an ignition unit in order to combust the combustible mixture and produce exhaust gas; introducing a recirculated portion of the exhaust gas at a location of the steam generation system upstream of the ignition unit; and introducing an oxygen-enriched gas at a location of the steam generation system proximate to the ignition unit.
  • a method for generating heat energy includes the acts of mixing a first stream of exhaust gas with a stream of fresh air, thereby forming a mixture; injecting the mixture, a stream of fuel, and a stream of oxygen-enriched gas into a burner of a cogeneration system comprising a gas turbine engine and a steam generation system; combusting and mixing the mixture with the stream of fuel and the stream of oxygen-enriched gas, thereby forming a second stream of the exhaust gas; controlling a flow rate of the stream of oxygen-enriched gas being injected into the burner; dividing the second stream of the exhaust gas into at least a third stream of exhaust gas and a fourth stream of the exhaust gas; and recirculating the third stream of exhaust gas to form the first stream of exhaust gas.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a cogeneration system 100, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cogeneration system 100 includes a gas turbine engine 5, a furnace 50, at least one heat exchanger 20, and a main stack 70.
  • the furnace 50 and the heat exchanger 20 are typically referred to as a heat recovery steam generator.
  • the cogeneration system 100 is operable in either cogeneration mode or fresh air mode. In cogeneration mode, the gas turbine engine 5 is operating, whereas, in fresh air mode, the gas turbine engine 5 is shut-down and the heat recovery steam generator is operated using an alternative fuel source.
  • the furnace 50 includes a combustion chamber 50b and a duct burner 50a connected to a fuel supply F. The furnace 50 provides an alternate source of hot gas for steam generation in fresh air mode.
  • a first stream 25a of exhaust gas is mixed with a stream of fresh air A, thereby forming a mixture 25b.
  • the first mixture 25b is injected, along with a stream of fuel F and a stream of oxygen-enriched gas 02, into the duct burner 50a. Combustion and mixing of the first mixture with the fuel stream F and the oxygen-enriched stream of gas 02 substantially occur in the combustion chamber 50b (some mixing and/or combustion may occur in the duct burner 50a).
  • a second stream 25d of the exhaust gas results from the mixture and combustion of the composite stream 25c. Heat energy is extracted from the second stream 25d of the exhaust gas in the heat exchanger 20 to produce steam.
  • the second stream 25d of the exhaust gas is divided into at least the first stream 25a of the exhaust gas and a third stream 25e of the exhaust gas.
  • the third stream 25e of the exhaust gas may be released into the atmosphere at the main stack 70.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cogeneration system 100, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the gas turbine engine 5 includes a compressor 205a, a combustor 205b (with a fuel supply F ), and a turbine 205c.
  • the gas turbine engine 5 is coupled to a generator 215.
  • the combusted products from the gas turbine engine 5 are exhausted into a main exhaust duct 210.
  • Disposed in the exhaust duct 210 are one or more heat exchangers 20.
  • the one or more heat exchangers 20 include a super-heater 220a, an evaporator 220b, and an economizer 220c. Since the super-heater 220a is disposed closest to the turbine 205c, it is exposed to the highest temperature combustion products, followed by the evaporator 220b and the economizer 220c.
  • Feed-water W is pumped through these exchangers 220a,b,c from feed-water tank 240w by feed-water circulation pump 235.
  • the feed-water W first passes through the economizer 220c.
  • the exhaust gas is usually below the saturation temperature of the feed-water W.
  • saturation temperature designates the temperature at which a phase change occurs at a given pressure.
  • the exhaust gas is cooled by the economizer 220c to lower temperature levels for greater heat recovery and thus efficiency.
  • the heated feed-water W then passes through the evaporator 220b where it achieves saturation temperature and is at least substantially transformed into steam S.
  • the steam S then proceeds through the super-heater 220a where further heat energy is acquired by the steam to raise its temperature above saturation, thereby increasing the availability of useful energy therein.
  • the superheated steam S is then transported for utilization in other processes, for example, refining crude oil, manufacturing chemicals, or generating electricity using a steam turbine. It is through this process that useful energy is harvested from the turbine exhaust gas.
  • the turbine exhaust gas is expelled into the atmosphere at the main stack 70.
  • the furnace 50 is disposed in the exhaust duct 210.
  • a by-pass stack 270b and by-pass damper 272 are used for transition between cogeneration mode and fresh air mode.
  • the by-pass damper 272 also prevents air leakage into the gas turbine engine 5 during fresh air mode.
  • a diverter damper 245 is disposed in the main stack 70 so that a stream 25a of the exhaust gas may be recirculated back to the furnace 50.
  • the diverter damper 245 could be located in the exhaust duct 210 at a location downstream of the economizer 220c.
  • the recycled exhaust gas 25a stream is transported from the diverter damper 245 by a recirculation duct 210r.
  • the recirculation duct 210r carries the stream 25a of exhaust gas to a mixing duct 260 where the stream 25a of exhaust gas is mixed with a stream A of fresh air.
  • a damper 265 is provided to shut in the recirculation duct 210r during cogeneration mode.
  • a fan 255 provides the necessary power for recirculation of the stream exhaust gas and mixing thereof with the fresh air A.
  • the fresh air/exhaust gas mixture 25b is usually injected into the exhaust duct 210 at a distance upstream of the furnace 250 to allow compete mixing of the exhaust gas with the fresh air.
  • the mixture 25b then travels through the exhaust duct 210 to the duct burner 50a where the fuel stream F and the oxygen-enriched gas stream O 2 are injected and the fuel stream F is ignited into a fuel flame 410f (see Figure 4 ).
  • Combustion and mixing of the fresh air/exhaust gas mixture 25b with the fuel stream F and the oxygen-enriched stream of gas O 2 substantially occur in the combustion chamber 50b (some mixing and/or combustion may occur in the duct burner 50a).
  • the oxygen-enriched gas may be stored in liquid form in a tank 240o.
  • an oxygen generator (not shown) may be located on-site.
  • the oxygen-enriched gas O 2 may be any gas having an oxygen concentration greater than about 21%.
  • the oxygen-enriched gas O 2 may be any gas having an oxygen concentration greater than about 25%, or greater than about 50%, or greater than about 90%. It is also contemplated that the oxygen-enriched gas O 2 is commercially-pure oxygen.
  • the oxygen-enriched gas O 2 is carried from the oxygen tank 240o, via pipe or tubing 210o, through a control valve 275 to a header pipe 210o disposed in the duct burner 50a.
  • the oxygen-enriched gas O 2 is injected into the duct burner 50a through nozzles 310o (see Figure 3 ).
  • An oxygen sensor 285 is disposed in the recirculation duct 210r and is in electrical communication with a controller 275c in the control valve 275.
  • the controller 275c may also be in electrical communication with other sensors, for example, a carbon monoxide sensor (not shown) and/or a second oxygen sensor (not shown) disposed in the combustion chamber 50b.
  • the oxygen sensor 285 may be located in the combustion chamber 50b.
  • the oxygen-enriched gas O 2 may be mixed with fresh air prior to injection in the duct burner 50a.
  • the controller may also control a control valve to meter a ratio of the oxygen-enriched gas to the fresh air.
  • a fan may be disposed in the oxygen pipe 210o.
  • the controller 275c is a device configured by use of a keypad or wireless interface with machine executable instructions to execute desired functions.
  • the controller 275c includes a microprocessor for executing instructions stored in a memory unit.
  • the controller 275c adjusts a flow rate of the oxygen-enriched gas O 2 so that a predetermined oxygen concentration (POC) is maintained only in a volume 410o (see Figure 4 ) proximate to the ignited flame 410f of fuel F. Maintaining the POC only in a localized blanket 410o surrounding the flame 410f minimizes the amount of precious oxygen used.
  • the POC for stable combustion is between about 18% and about 18.5%, less preferably, about 17.5% and, least preferably, at about 17%, according to one embodiment of the present invention (depending on specific burner and combustion chamber configuration).
  • the controller 275c may adjust the flow rate so that the POC for the entire stream of the fresh air/exhaust gas mixture 25b is maintained or any portion of the fresh air/exhaust gas mixture 25b.
  • the fuel F may be stored in a fuel tank (not shown) and carried to a header pipe 210f in the duct burner 50a by a fuel pipe (not shown).
  • the fuel F is injected into the duct burner through nozzles 310f (see Figure 3 ).
  • the fuel may be delivered to the fuel nozzles 310f by a fuel pump (not shown) disposed along and in fluid communication with the fuel pipe.
  • Figure 3 is a simplified end view of the duct burner 50a .
  • the end of the duct burner 50a shown is the end that faces the combustion chamber 50b.
  • the duct burner 50a includes a flange 305 having holes for receiving fasteners to couple the end to the combustion chamber 50b.
  • One or more sub-ducts 315 are formed in the duct burner 50a.
  • the sub-ducts 315 are in fluid communication with the exhaust duct 210.
  • the duct burner also includes one or more burners 310.
  • Each burner 310 includes the fuel nozzles 310f in fluid communication with the header pipe 210f and the oxygen nozzles 310o in fluid communication with the header pipe 210o.
  • an oxygen nozzle 310o is disposed proximately above and below each fuel nozzle 310f and, optionally, between each fuel nozzle 310f.
  • An oxygen nozzle 310o is also optionally disposed at each horizontal end of the fuel nozzles 310f.
  • an oxygen nozzle may be disposed concentrically around each fuel nozzle 310f.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic of a duct burner nozzle in operation being blanketed by oxygen-enriched gas O 2 , according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ignited stream of fuel F forms a flame 410f through an opening in a flame shield 405.
  • Streams of oxygen-enriched gas O 2 are injected at other openings in the flame shield 405 to form blankets 510 around each of upper and lower portions of the flame 410f.
  • the blanket(s) will substantially surround a periphery of the flame 410f.
  • the blankets 410o each longitudinally extend along a periphery of the flame 410f a distance L o which is a substantial portion of the flame length L f .
  • the blanket may dissipate so that the POC is no longer maintained.
  • the ratio L o / L f of the blanket length L o to the flame length L f may range from three-tenths to one, depending on the specific duct burner 50a configuration and cogeneration system 100. In one embodiment, the ratio L o / L f is ranges from five-tenths to one. Alternatively, the ratio L o / L f may be greater than one.
  • each blanket also has a maximum thickness X measured from the periphery of the flame 410f radially outward to the periphery of a respective blanket 410o.
  • the maximum thickness X may range from five to twenty centimeters, depending on the duct burner 50a configuration and cogeneration system 100. Alternatively, the maximum thickness X may be less than or equal to ten centimeters. Some variables that may effect these ranges are the orientation of the oxygen nozzles 310o , the velocity of the oxygen-enriched gas O 2 exiting the oxygen nozzles 310o, the size of the nozzles 310o, the shape of the nozzles 310o, and the configuration of the nozzles 310o.
  • Table 1 exhibits effects of varying recirculation rates on combustion and efficiency of a conventional cogeneration system operating in free air mode.
  • the entries marked by an "X" indicate cases where the oxygen concentration in a fresh air/exhaust gas mixture injected into the duct burner are insufficient for stable combustion. This oxygen-deficient condition results for increased rates (greater than or equal to about 30%) of recycled exhaust gas.
  • Table 1 Effect of Various Recirculation Rates on Combustion and Efficiency of a Cogeneration System Operating in Free Air Mode Unstable Comb.
  • the fresh air and recycled gas mixture 25b flows through the sub-ducts 315 and begins combustion when it reaches the burners 310.
  • the controller 275c opens the control valve 275 to compensate the oxygen deficient mixture 25b by injecting the oxygen-enriched gas O 2 through the oxygen nozzles 310o in the duct burner 50a.
  • the oxygen-enriched gas O 2 increases the oxygen-concentration of the mixture 25b in the localized volume 410o surrounding the ignited flame 410f, thereby allowing stable ignition of the fuel F.
  • the stable ignition of the flame 410f provided by the blanket 410o of oxygen-enriched gas O 2 facilitates stable combustion of the oxygen-deficient mixture 25b with the fuel F in the combustion chamber 50b.
  • Stable combustion allows for realization of higher global efficiencies (see Table 1) associated with increased recirculation rates without the unwanted side effects, i.e. increased pollution, that would otherwise accompany unstable combustion at the increased recirculation rates.
  • the oxygen-enriched cogeneration system 100 may maintain an effective oxygen concentration in the burner 50a at a level that is acceptable for stable combustion up to about a 45% recirculation rate.
  • the oxygen-enriched cogeneration system 100 may maintain an effective oxygen concentration in the burner 50a at a level that is acceptable for stable combustion up to about a 60% recirculation rate.
  • oxygen-enriched cogeneration system 100 operates to vary the oxygen concentration in a fresh air/exhaust gas mixture injected into the duct burner 50a according to different recirculation rates.
  • the oxygen-enriched cogeneration system 100 is capable of maintaining an effective substantially constant oxygen concentration in the duct burner 50a at different recirculation rates of the exhaust gas.
  • Different recirculation rates give a cogeneration system greater flexibility for design while relatively effective constant oxygen content to the burner 50a facilitates better control of combustion in the system 100.
  • oxygen-enrichment may also be used in cogeneration mode.

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  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
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Claims (6)

  1. Procédé utilisant un système de cogénération (100) comprenant:
    - un moteur à turbine à gaz (5) et une cheminée principale (70) ;
    - un four (50) comprenant une chambre de combustion (50b) et un brûleur à tuyère (50a) qui est connecté à une alimentation en combustible (F); et
    - au moins un échangeur de chaleur (20), ledit four (50) et ledit échangeur de chaleur (20) formant un générateur de vapeur à récupération de chaleur;
    ledit système de cogénération (100) étant exploité soit dans un mode de cogénération, dans lequel ledit moteur à turbine à gaz (5) fonctionne, soit dans un mode d'air frais, dans lequel ledit moteur à turbine à gaz (5) est arrêté, ledit générateur de vapeur à récupération de chaleur (20, 50) étant exploité en utilisant une source de combustible alternative, et ledit four fournissant une source alternative de gaz chaud (25d) pour générer de la vapeur, ledit mode d'air frais comprenant en outre les étapes suivantes:
    - mélanger un premier courant de gaz d'échappement (25a) avec un courant d'air frais (A), formant ainsi un premier mélange (25b);
    - ledit premier mélange (25b) est injecté, de concert avec un courant de combustible (F) et un courant de gaz enrichi en oxygène (O2) dans ledit brûleur à tuyère (50a);
    - brûler et mélanger ledit premier mélange (25b) avec ledit courant de combustible (F) et ledit courant de gaz enrichi en oxygène (O2), formant ainsi un deuxième courant de gaz d'échappement (25d), la combustion et le mélange étant essentiellement exécutés dans ladite chambre de combustion (50b), et une partie du mélange et/ou de la combustion étant éventuellement exécutée dans ledit brûleur à tuyère (50a);
    - extraire de l'énergie thermique dudit deuxième courant de gaz d'échappement (25d) dans ledit échangeur de chaleur (20) afin de produire de la vapeur; et
    - diviser ledit deuxième courant de gaz d'échappement (25d) en au moins ledit premier courant de gaz d'échappement (25a) et un troisième courant de gaz d'échappement (25e), ledit troisième courant de gaz d'échappement (25e) étant évacué dans l'atmosphère par l'intermédiaire de ladite cheminée principale (70).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le courant de combustible (F) est injecté à travers un injecteur (310f); et
    le courant de gaz enrichi en oxygène (O2) est injecté à travers une buse (310o) qui est située à proximité de l'injecteur de combustible (310f).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la commande du débit du courant de gaz enrichi en oxygène (O2) est effectuée de manière à enrichir une partie seulement du mélange qui est située à proximité de l'injecteur de combustible (310f).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la commande du débit du courant de gaz enrichi en oxygène (O2) est effectuée de manière à maintenir une concentration en oxygène prédéterminée uniquement dans un volume qui est situé à proximité d'une flamme allumée du combustible.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le volume présente une longueur (Lo), la flamme présente une longueur (Lf), et un rapport (Lo/Lf) entre la longueur du volume (Lo) et la longueur de la flamme (Lf) est compris dans la gamme de 0,3 à 1.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel une épaisseur maximum (X) du volume est comprise dans la gamme de 5 cm à 20 cm.
EP06795153A 2005-08-12 2006-07-25 Procede utilisant un systeme de cogeneration avec un systeme auxiliaire d'air enrichi en oxygene Not-in-force EP1917469B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL06795153T PL1917469T3 (pl) 2005-08-12 2006-07-25 Proces wykorzystujący system kogeneracji przy udziale wspomagającego układu powietrznego o wzbogaconej zawartości tlenu

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US70793005P 2005-08-12 2005-08-12
US11/423,132 US7950217B2 (en) 2005-08-12 2006-06-08 Oxygen-enriched air assisting system for improving the efficiency of cogeneration system
PCT/IB2006/002026 WO2007020496A2 (fr) 2005-08-12 2006-07-25 Systeme auxiliaire d'air enrichi en oxygene destine a ameliorer le rendement d'un systeme de cogeneration

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EP1917469A2 EP1917469A2 (fr) 2008-05-07
EP1917469B1 true EP1917469B1 (fr) 2010-12-29

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DE (1) DE602006019271D1 (fr)
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US20070034704A1 (en) 2007-02-15
WO2007020496A2 (fr) 2007-02-22
DE602006019271D1 (de) 2011-02-10
WO2007020496A3 (fr) 2008-01-31
US7950217B2 (en) 2011-05-31
US20110220037A1 (en) 2011-09-15
EP1917469A2 (fr) 2008-05-07
US8393138B2 (en) 2013-03-12
PL1917469T3 (pl) 2011-05-31
ATE493614T1 (de) 2011-01-15

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