EP1916872A2 - Système de microphone directionnel différentiel et appareil auditif doté d'un tel système de microphone directionnel différentiel - Google Patents

Système de microphone directionnel différentiel et appareil auditif doté d'un tel système de microphone directionnel différentiel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1916872A2
EP1916872A2 EP07118344A EP07118344A EP1916872A2 EP 1916872 A2 EP1916872 A2 EP 1916872A2 EP 07118344 A EP07118344 A EP 07118344A EP 07118344 A EP07118344 A EP 07118344A EP 1916872 A2 EP1916872 A2 EP 1916872A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microphone
differential
differential directional
directional microphone
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07118344A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1916872A3 (fr
EP1916872B1 (fr
Inventor
Roland Barthel
Robert BÄUML
Eghart Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sivantos GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens Audioligische Technik GmbH
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Publication of EP1916872A2 publication Critical patent/EP1916872A2/fr
Publication of EP1916872A3 publication Critical patent/EP1916872A3/fr
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Publication of EP1916872B1 publication Critical patent/EP1916872B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/407—Circuits for combining signals of a plurality of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/41—Detection or adaptation of hearing aid parameters or programs to listening situation, e.g. pub, forest
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2430/20—Processing of the output signals of the acoustic transducers of an array for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R2430/21—Direction finding using differential microphone array [DMA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a differential directional microphone system for a hearing aid, such. a hearing aid or an active noise protection device, which generates a lateral directivity with the help of coupled differential directional microphones. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for generating this lateral directional characteristic.
  • Modern hearing aids have high-performance audio processors trimmed for energy efficiency. These compensate for the hearing loss by means of a level- and frequency-dependent amplification.
  • Today's devices also have powerful algorithms to reduce feedback and ambient noise. A particularly effective means against localizable noise is adaptive directional microphone algorithms.
  • High-performance devices can use independent classification systems to independently identify important listening situations and automatically select the best program for them. In this way, they provide the wearer with optimum hearing while at the same time offering a high degree of user comfort.
  • Directional microphones are now among the established methods of noise reduction in hearing aids. Differential directional microphones have been proven to improve speech intelligibility in listening situations in which the wanted signal and the interfering signals from different spatial directions are incident.
  • the directivity is generated by a differential processing of the output signals of two adjacent microphones with omnidirectional characteristics.
  • the signal processing of a first-order differential directional microphone system consists essentially of the subtraction of the delayed by a certain time rear microphone signal from the front microphone signal. This creates a directional sensitivity whose characteristic can be adjusted by the delay time.
  • the strength of the directivity effect is qualified by a directivity index, which indicates the improvements of the signal-to-noise ratio SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) compared to an omnidirectional characteristic in the case of a diffuse noise field and Nutzschalleinfall from the front direction.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • digital differential directional microphones using two individual omnidirectional microphones are very popular. They have the property that sound from a fold-in direction can be hidden. In this case, the preferred direction of reception is typically realized to the front (in the viewing direction of the carrier), so that signals are attenuated from behind. Under some conditions, however, it is desirable to put aside the preferred direction. For example, when driving it makes sense to maximize the directional effect to the side, since the driver still has to look forward in a conversation with the passenger, but at the same time because of the noise straightening directional microphone is desired.
  • the directional microphones have so far invariably been implemented with a forward-oriented directivity. This is because the differential directional microphones only a so-called Endfire arrangement to leave, so a maximum directivity to the front or to the rear.
  • a so-called beamformer is required, which has a low directivity for a few microphones as "delay and sum” beamformer or as a so-called “generalized sidelobe canceller" -Beamformer by a large filter length a lot of effort brings. Both aspects make the beamformer for hearing aids unattractive.
  • second-order differential directional microphone systems are already known.
  • the differential directional microphone principle is transferred to three microphones. This increases the directivity of the microphone system.
  • the direction of reception of these known second order differential directional microphones is likewise directed forward (in the direction of viewing of the carrier) analogously to the direction of reception of a first order differential system.
  • Such a differential directional microphone system second order is z. B. in the DE 10310779 B4 and DE 103 31 956 B3 described.
  • Adaptive directional microphone systems have also been implemented in some digital hearing aids which can continuously adapt their directional characteristics to the current noise field in order to maximize the SNR gain in the situation with directed noise incidence.
  • the directional characteristic of the microphone system is continuously changed by a dipole via a hypercardioid to a cardioid.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a hearing aid with a differential microphone system in which the directivity is maximized to the side. It is another object of the invention to provide a method by means of which the directivity of a differential microphone system can be maximized to the side. This object is achieved by a differential directional microphone system according to claim 1. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a hearing aid according to claim 16. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
  • a differential directional microphone system for a hearing aid is provided with a first directional microphone having a first differential directional microphone, and a second directional microphone having a further differential directional microphone, wherein the second directional microphone stage of the first directional microphone stage downstream is.
  • the directivity of the first directional microphone stage is oriented substantially opposite to the directivity of the second directional microphone stage.
  • the differential directional microphone system in this case has a directional characteristic whose directivity is substantially orthogonal to an axis predetermined by the directivity of the first and the second directional microphone stage. Due to the oppositely oriented directivity of the series-connected differential directional microphones can be generated in a particularly simple manner a lateral directional characteristic, each with a zero point in the front direction and in the rear direction.
  • the first directional microphone stage has a second differential directional microphone whose directivity substantially corresponds to the directivity of the first differential directional microphone, wherein the output signals of the first and the second differential directional microphone serve as input signals for the further differential directional microphone.
  • the first directional microphone stage has three microphones.
  • the first differential directional microphone has a first circuit block whose inputs are connected to the first and the second microphone, while the second differential directional microphone has a second circuit block whose inputs are connected to the second and the third microphone.
  • the directivity of the second differential directional microphone corresponds substantially to the directivity of the first differential directional microphone.
  • the second microphone from the first and shared by the second differential microphone. Since only three microphones are used, the corresponding differential directional microphone can be implemented particularly easily.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the second microphone is arranged equidistant from the first and the third microphone.
  • the equidistant arrangement of the microphones allows a particularly effective lateral directivity of the differential directional microphone.
  • the second microphone is arranged substantially on the axis predetermined by the position of the first and the third microphone.
  • the arrangement of the microphones along the predetermined axis allows a particularly effective lateral directivity of the differential directional microphone.
  • the first circuit block is configured to delay the microphone signal of the second microphone by a predetermined time, to subtract the delayed microphone signal of the second microphone and the microphone signal of the first microphone from each other and the resulting signal as an output signal output at a signal output of the first differential directional microphone.
  • the second circuit block is adapted to delay the microphone signal of the third microphone by the predetermined time, to subtract the delayed microphone signal of the third microphone and the microphone signal of the second microphone from each other and output the resulting signal as an output signal to a signal output of the second differential directional microphone.
  • the further differential directional microphone has a further circuit block with a first signal input for the output signal of the first differential directional microphone and a second signal input for the output signal of the second differential directional microphone.
  • the further circuit block is formed, the output signal of the first differential directional microphone to delay by the predetermined time and to subtract the delayed output signal of the first differential directional microphone and the output signal of the second differential directional microphone from each other. This special design allows to determine the directivity of the differential directional microphone by choosing appropriate delay times.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the first, the second and the third circuit block each have a delay element, wherein the delay elements are adapted to delay the corresponding signals by a time corresponding to the transit time, which is a sound signal for a distance needed, which corresponds to the distance between the first and the second microphone or between the second and the third microphone.
  • the advantage here is that the directional effects of the two directional microphone stages are oriented exactly opposite by the specially determined delay time. Since the zeros of the two differential microphones are oriented exactly opposite this, a particularly high lateral directivity can be achieved.
  • the first directional microphone stage comprises four microphones, wherein the first differential directional microphone comprises the first and the second microphone and a first circuit block, and wherein the second differential directional microphone, the third and the fourth microphone and a second Circuit block includes.
  • the directivity of the second differential directional microphone corresponds substantially to the directivity of the first differential directional microphone.
  • the four micro-microphone assembly is an alternative embodiment to the three-microphone assembly. It allows for greater variation in the geometric arrangement of the microphones.
  • the four microphones are arranged substantially along an axis, wherein the distance between the first and the second microphone substantially corresponds to the distance between the third and the fourth microphone.
  • the arrangement of the microphones along an axis allows a better lateral directivity.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the first circuit block is designed to delay the microphone signal of the second microphone by a first predetermined time and to subtract the delayed microphone signal of the second microphone and the microphone signal of the first microphone from each other. Further, the second circuit block is configured to delay the microphone signal of the fourth microphone for the first predetermined time and to subtract the delayed microphone signal of the fourth microphone and the microphone signal of the third microphone from each other. Finally, the further differential directional microphone to another circuit block to delay the output of the first differential directional microphone by a second predetermined time and to subtract the delayed output of the first differential directional microphone and the output signal of the second differential directional microphone from each other.
  • This embodiment shows a very simple structure, which can advantageously be realized particularly simple.
  • the first, the second and the third circuit block each have a delay element, wherein the first and the second delay element are adapted to delay the corresponding signals by a time corresponding to the running time requires a sound signal for a distance corresponding to the distance between the first and the second microphone and between the third and the fourth microphone.
  • the second delay time corresponds to a transit time which is a sound signal for one Required distance that corresponds to a combination of the distance between the first and the second microphone or between the third and the fourth microphone and the distance between the second and the third microphone.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the directional characteristic of the differential directional microphone system can be adapted adaptively. This advantageously allows an adaptation of the directional characteristic to different listening situations.
  • FIG. 1 shows a second-order differential directional microphone system, as for example for noise suppression already used today.
  • the differential directional microphone system is constructed in two stages and has three microphones M1, M2, M3, which are typically arranged along a straight line (microphone axis A).
  • the first microphone stage I is formed by two differential directional microphones 10,20.
  • Each of the two differential directional microphones 10,20 are in turn composed of two of the three input microphones M1, M2, M3 and a circuit block I, II. In such a circuit block, the signals of the two input microphones M1, M2, M3 are combined in a typical manner and applied to the output of the respective differential directional microphone 10,20.
  • the output signals of the two differential directional microphones 10,20 of the first microphone stage I form the two input signals of the differential directional microphone 30 of the second microphone stage II.
  • an output signal for further processing at the output of the second microphone stage II is output.
  • Such differential directional microphone systems are used to reinforce the directivity, ie in the direction of the corresponding hearing aid wearer, and to suppress lateral noise.
  • the second directional microphone stage II amplifies the directivity of the first directional microphone stage so that lateral ambient noise is more strongly attenuated.
  • the output signal of the second microphone stage II of the conventional second-order differential directional microphone system therefore has no or only very small proportions from the lateral directions, ie from the 90 ° or 270 ° direction.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the typical structure of a circuit block of such a differential directional microphone.
  • a first input signal present at the input of the respective circuit block is first delayed by a predetermined time T by means of a delay element.
  • the delayed signal is then subsequently using a Adder subtracted from the second input signal.
  • the combined signal is finally output to the signal output of the circuit block.
  • the signal of the first microphone M1 can also be subtracted from the signal of the delayed signal of the second microphone M2.
  • the set delay time T determines the direction from which the respective differential directional microphone preferably receives sound signals.
  • the circuits of the differential microphone system is now designed so that the directivity of the two directional microphone stages I, II are oriented opposite.
  • the first stage I hides sound from the rear direction
  • the second stage II hides sound from the front direction.
  • the corresponding structure of such a second-order differential directional microphone system is shown by way of example in FIG.
  • the three microphones M1, M2, M3 assigned to the first directional microphone stage I are preferably arranged exactly along the microphone axis A.
  • the second microphone M2 is further arranged equidistant from the first and the third microphone M1, M3. This is illustrated in FIG.
  • the output signals m 1 (t), m 2 (t), m 3 (t) of the three microphones M1, M2, M3 serve as input signals for the two differential directional microphones 10,20 of the first directional microphone stage I, wherein the second microphone M2 respectively first and the second differential microphone 10,20 is assigned.
  • a time T 0 is selected as the delay time T 1 of the first delay element 12, which corresponds to the duration of a sound wave for the predetermined by the microphone distance d distance.
  • the signals of the first to second microphone M1, M2 are then subsequently combined with one another by means of an adder 13.
  • m 1 (t) of the first microphone M1 is subtracted.
  • the time T 0 is selected as the delay time T 2 of the corresponding delay element 22 in order to achieve a directivity with a rear zero.
  • the delayed microphone signal m 3 (tT 0 ) of the third microphone M3 is subtracted by means of an adder 23 from the microphone signal M 2 (t) of the second microphone. Since the two differential directional microphones 10,20 of the first microphone stage I have a zero point in the rear direction and a directivity to the front, there is an overlay of their cardioid cone.
  • the output signals V 1 (t), v 2 (t) of the two differential directional microphones of the first microphone stage form two input signals for the differential directional microphone 30 of the second microphone stage II.
  • the output signal v 1 (t) of the first differential directional microphone 10 is delayed by the time T 0 and the output signal v 2 (t) of the second differential directional microphone 20 is subsequently subtracted from the delayed output signal v 1 (tT 0 ) of the first differential directional microphone 10 ,
  • the differential directional microphone 30 of the second microphone stage II which has a cardioid directional characteristic, receives a zero point in the rearward direction.
  • the output signal of the differential microphone system therefore contains no components from the front and the rear direction.
  • the combination of the two microphone stages I, II thus a lateral directivity is achieved.
  • the second microphone M1 In order to achieve the desired lateral directivity of the differential microphone system, however, it is not absolutely necessary for the second microphone M1 to be arranged directly on the microphone axis A formed by the shortest connection between the first and the third microphone M1, M3. Rather, it is decisive for the resulting lateral directivity of the differential directional microphone system that the projections of the connection paths between the first and the second microphone M1, M2 and the distance between the second and the third microphone M2, M3, which relate to the microphone axis A, have the same length.
  • FIG. 4A shows a further exemplary embodiment of the differential microphone system according to the invention.
  • the first microphone stage I comprises four omnidirectional microphones M1, M2, M3, M4, which are preferably along the microphone axis A are arranged.
  • the distance d 'between the second and the third microphone M2, M3 corresponds in the figure 4 the regular microphone distance d.
  • this distance d ' can be varied as needed.
  • the delay time T 3 of the delay element 32 of the further differential directional microphone 30 must be adapted.
  • This delay time T 3 is set as a function of the distance d 'of the second and the third microphone M2, M3.
  • the distance d 'between the second and the third microphone M2, M3 corresponds to the regular microphone distance d
  • twice the delay time T 0 is selected for the delay time T 3 of the delay element 32 of the further differential directional microphone 30. to achieve an orthogonal to the microphone axis A oriented directivity, each with a zero point in the front and the rear direction (Broadfire arrangement).
  • the position of the second microphone M2 along the microphone axis A coincides with the corresponding position of the third microphone M3.
  • a single one can be used.
  • the above equation provides for the delay element 32 of the second directional microphone stage II has a delay time T 3 of exactly T 0 .
  • the arrangement of the two microphone pairs of the first and second differential directional microphone 10, 20 may also overlap.
  • the second microphone M2 of the first differential microphone 10 is then located between the third and the fourth microphone M3, M4 of the second differential microphone 20.
  • the delay time T 3 of the second directional microphone stage II determine the relationship between delay time and microphone distance on the basis of the equation given above.
  • M3 is now opposite to the distance from the first to the second or from the third to the fourth microphone M3, M4.
  • M3 corresponds to exactly half the regular microphone spacing d, is obtained from the above equation for the value of the delay time T 3 of the second directional microphone stage II exactly T 0/2.
  • the delay times T1, T2 of the first directional microphone stage I is twice as long as the delay time of the second directional microphone stage II.
  • the arrangement of the microphone pairs of the two differential directional microphones 10, 20 to one another can thus be varied as desired along the microphone axis A.
  • the circuit of the differential directional microphone system each be adjusted so that the desired directional characteristic results.
  • the combination of the signals in the adders of the corresponding circuits can in principle also be reversed, for example the circuit shown in FIG. 3 does not have the delayed output M2 (tT 0 ) of the second Microphone M2 is subtracted from the output m (t) of the first microphone M1, but vice versa.
  • the subtraction of the corresponding microphone signals m 3 (tT 0 ), m 2 (t) in the second differential directional microphone 20 and the signals v 1 (t), v 2 (tT 0 ) in the further differential directional microphone 30 must be done accordingly ,
  • FIG. 5 shows the directional characteristic of the differential microphone system according to the invention with an arrangement of three omnidirectional microphones from FIG. 3 as a polar diagram.
  • the directional characteristic describes the sensitivity of the differential microphone system as the output level as a function of the angle of incidence of the sound.
  • the front direction of the axis A described by the microphone arrangement ie the viewing direction of the hearing aid wearer
  • the rear direction is at 180 °.
  • the 90 ° or 270 ° correspond to the left and the right side of the hearing aid wearer.
  • the zero points of the differential microphone system are at 0 ° and at 180 °.
  • the maxima lie in the direction of 90 ° and 270 °, ie orthogonal to the front-rear axis. This corresponds to the so-called Boardfire arrangement.
  • All embodiments of the invention can be realized both analog and digital.
  • the microphone signals that may be present in analog form must first be digitized before they are further processed.
  • the delay and subtraction of the signals can be realized by hardware and software.
  • the distances d or d 'indicated in this description always refer to a distance along the microphone axis A.
  • the microphones M1, M2, M3, M4, in particular the second microphone M2 in the 3-microphone arrangement or the second or third microphone M2, M3 in the 4-microphone arrangement are not exactly on the microphone axis, the microphone distance d or d 'is preferably the projection of the link between the respective microphones on the microphone axis A meant.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Stereophonic Arrangements (AREA)
EP07118344.6A 2006-10-23 2007-10-12 Système de microphone directionnel différentiel et appareil auditif doté d'un tel système de microphone directionnel différentiel Not-in-force EP1916872B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006049870.4A DE102006049870B4 (de) 2006-10-23 2006-10-23 Differentielles Richtmikrofonsystem und Hörhilfsgerät mit einem solchen differentiellen Richtmikrofonsystem

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EP1916872A2 true EP1916872A2 (fr) 2008-04-30
EP1916872A3 EP1916872A3 (fr) 2011-08-17
EP1916872B1 EP1916872B1 (fr) 2016-01-13

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EP07118344.6A Not-in-force EP1916872B1 (fr) 2006-10-23 2007-10-12 Système de microphone directionnel différentiel et appareil auditif doté d'un tel système de microphone directionnel différentiel

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EP (1) EP1916872B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006049870B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK1916872T3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9002045B2 (en) 2011-12-30 2015-04-07 Starkey Laboratories, Inc. Hearing aids with adaptive beamformer responsive to off-axis speech
WO2022229797A1 (fr) * 2021-04-29 2022-11-03 The Secretary Of State For Defence Procédé et système de traitement directionnel d'informations audio

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0802699A2 (fr) * 1997-07-16 1997-10-22 Phonak Ag Méthode pour éligir électroniquement la distance entre deux transducteurs acoustiques/électroniques et un appareil de prothèse auditive
EP1465453A2 (fr) * 2003-03-11 2004-10-06 Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH Réglage automatique d'un système de microphone directionnel avec au moins trois microphones
EP1499160A2 (fr) * 2003-07-16 2005-01-19 Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH Prothèse auditive directionnelle

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0802699A2 (fr) * 1997-07-16 1997-10-22 Phonak Ag Méthode pour éligir électroniquement la distance entre deux transducteurs acoustiques/électroniques et un appareil de prothèse auditive
EP1465453A2 (fr) * 2003-03-11 2004-10-06 Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH Réglage automatique d'un système de microphone directionnel avec au moins trois microphones
EP1499160A2 (fr) * 2003-07-16 2005-01-19 Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH Prothèse auditive directionnelle

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9002045B2 (en) 2011-12-30 2015-04-07 Starkey Laboratories, Inc. Hearing aids with adaptive beamformer responsive to off-axis speech
US9749754B2 (en) 2011-12-30 2017-08-29 Starkey Laboratories, Inc. Hearing aids with adaptive beamformer responsive to off-axis speech
WO2022229797A1 (fr) * 2021-04-29 2022-11-03 The Secretary Of State For Defence Procédé et système de traitement directionnel d'informations audio

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006049870B4 (de) 2016-05-19
EP1916872A3 (fr) 2011-08-17
DE102006049870A1 (de) 2008-05-08
DK1916872T3 (da) 2016-04-18
EP1916872B1 (fr) 2016-01-13

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