EP1915295B1 - Inertisierungsmittel mit niedriger geschwindigkeit und vorrichtung zur verwendung des inertisierungsmittels zur verpackung eines lebensmittelproduktes - Google Patents

Inertisierungsmittel mit niedriger geschwindigkeit und vorrichtung zur verwendung des inertisierungsmittels zur verpackung eines lebensmittelproduktes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1915295B1
EP1915295B1 EP06778622A EP06778622A EP1915295B1 EP 1915295 B1 EP1915295 B1 EP 1915295B1 EP 06778622 A EP06778622 A EP 06778622A EP 06778622 A EP06778622 A EP 06778622A EP 1915295 B1 EP1915295 B1 EP 1915295B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inerting
inert gas
receptacle
container
unit
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EP06778622A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1915295A1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Carvin
Christian Mura
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1/4 Vin SAS
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1/4 Vin SAS
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B65B7/28—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by applying separate preformed closures, e.g. lids, covers
    • B65B7/2842—Securing closures on containers
    • B65B7/2878—Securing closures on containers by heat-sealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B65B7/28—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by applying separate preformed closures, e.g. lids, covers
    • B65B7/2807—Feeding closures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67C—CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/22—Details
    • B67C3/26—Filling-heads; Means for engaging filling-heads with bottle necks
    • B67C2003/2688—Means for filling containers in defined atmospheric conditions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low speed inerting means and a device using this inerting means for packaging a food product including a liquid such as wine or a similar beverage.
  • This method and the associated device are intended to extend the shelf life of the wine in the container by limiting the amount of air in contact with the wine.
  • the head volume of the container namely the volume located between the lid and the surface of the liquid filling the container, is depleted of oxygen which is particularly useful when the liquid is wine. Indeed, oxygen causes an oxidation of the wine making it unfit for consumption in the short or medium term.
  • the document EP 1235 501 B1 specifies that it may be advantageous to fill the wine container in an inert environment, namely an environment composed of neutral gas.
  • an inert environment namely an environment composed of neutral gas.
  • the resulting device becomes particularly complicated since it is necessary to enclose the filling, sealing and heat sealing stations in a chamber that is saturated with inert gas in order to isolate the various stations. the ambient environment and therefore the ambient atmosphere.
  • there is the multiplicity of posts necessary to perform the packaging which is detrimental to their cost, maintenance and congestion.
  • the enclosure must be completely filled with inert gas, the conditioning time becomes important which can generate a significant loss of profits.
  • DE-A-33 23 710 describes a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a low-speed inerting means associated with a device for conditioning a food product in an ambient environment under a locally inert atmosphere, as opposed to devices that perform packaging in an environment generally or even totally inert, minimizing the oxygen content of the head volume to preserve all risk of oxidation of this food product.
  • this device is particularly valuable for the packaging of wine in a container.
  • the present invention also aims to provide a packaging device having a reduced number of items for the sake of simplification and limitation of costs inherent in its manufacture and use.
  • the device and method for packaging a food product in a container is defined in claims 1 - 17.
  • This material then advantageously comprises between 15 and 100 pores per inch, the diameter of a pore being of the order of 5 to 100 micrometers.
  • the hollow duct is fed with an inert gas, heavier than air and may comprise a plurality of distinct gases, pressurized so that the inert gas can escape from the pores of the hollow duct at low speed under the form of micro-bubbles.
  • an inert gas heavier than air and may comprise a plurality of distinct gases, pressurized so that the inert gas can escape from the pores of the hollow duct at low speed under the form of micro-bubbles.
  • the inert gas passes through the pores of the hollow conduit, the gas relaxes in arriving in the ambient atmosphere of the ambient environment and forms micro-bubbles.
  • the speed of a micro-bubble of inert gas at this time is zero. Nevertheless, it will be animated with a very low speed being pushed by the micro-bubble next.
  • the inert gas, being heavier than air will fall to the bottom of the container to finally expel the oxygen initially found in the top of the container.
  • its speed being extremely reduced the inert gas is not likely to generate turbulent movements that
  • the hollow conduit is endless, these walls having pores and being directed towards the container then delimiting a closed space capable of surrounding the container.
  • the endless hollow duct has the shape of a ring.
  • the inerting is carried out in a homogeneous manner which maximizes its effectiveness.
  • an endless duct square or two separate hollow ducts vis-à-vis for example.
  • this hollow conduit has for example a shape of U.
  • the device implementing said inerting means for conditioning in a surrounding environment a food product, such as a liquid or a paste or a solid for example, in a container under a locally inert atmosphere comprises at least one conditioning unit provided with a sealing station which is provided in the lower part with an inerting unit, the inerting unit being vertically displaceable and comprising the inerting means described above.
  • the packaging comprises a closing phase carried out by the sealing station during which the inerting means impoverishes, or even eliminates, the oxygen content of the head volume of the container.
  • the inerting unit comprises a flange which carries the inerting means, this flange having an empty central zone and being secured to at least two vertically displaceable columns.
  • the sealing station also has upper and intermediate parts.
  • the upper part of the closure station is provided with a lid reservoir for closing the partially filled container with a food product while the intermediate portion is provided with a tilting and vertically movable closing means.
  • the closure means, the lid reservoir and the inerting unit are further arranged along the same axis.
  • the closure means comprises means for removably shaping the covers.
  • the device is advantageously provided with a U-shaped conveyor having first and second lines, at least one conditioning unit being arranged between the first and second lines. Depending on the production rates desired, a larger number of packaging units will be provided.
  • the conveyor has the function of taking containers into the packaging unit or units.
  • at least one control sensor arranged at the inlet of a conditioning unit or before the first conditioning unit in case of plurality of the latter, verifies that an already inerted and closed container is not ready to enter a packing unit.
  • an operator may replace the sealed container with a container to be packaged, for example.
  • the device comprises a control means whose particular purpose is to determine, depending on the type of container and the need, the duration of use of the inerting means during the closing phase.
  • the food product contained in the container may in particular be a liquid, a paste or even a solid, that is to say for example truffles or a salmon tartare.
  • a liquid, a paste or even a solid that is to say for example truffles or a salmon tartare.
  • the present invention is particularly useful and effective.
  • the packaging unit comprises a filling station which will be used during a preliminary phase.
  • the filling station produces an inert gas flow and a liquid flow, the flow of inert gas surrounding the liquid flow to isolate the latter from the ambient atmosphere of the ambient environment.
  • the filling station then comprises first and second ports respectively for producing the liquid and inert gas streams, the second port surrounding the first port. In this way, the flow of liquid is not in contact with the ambient atmosphere during a filling phase, which is particularly advantageous if the liquid is sensitive to oxidation phenomena, as is the case for some wine.
  • control means also has the function of determining the liquid filling rate and its duration.
  • Figures 1 to 9 describe a packaging unit provided with a filling station and a sealing station comprising an inerting means.
  • This unit is well suited especially for conditioning a liquid.
  • the food product to be packaged is inserted into the container by means other than the filling station, it is understood that this item can be removed from the packaging unit.
  • the operator wishes to keep this pose for future use, for example, he may simply deactivate it temporarily using the control means of the device.
  • the figure 1 has a schematic view along the Z axis of the device D according to the invention.
  • It comprises a U-shaped conveyor 1 for moving the containers 31, glass or plastic for example, using conventional means, a conveyor belt 2 for example. So that the containers 31 are correctly positioned and to counteract any unevenness of the treadmill 2, the containers 31 are placed in buckets 30.
  • the conveyor 1 comprises a first 3 and a second 4 lines. Under these conditions, an operator 10 is placed at the level of the concavity of the conveyor 1. He retrieves the containers 31 which have been packaged by the conditioning unit 20, and which are therefore provided with a lid 32, and then replace them with empty containers 31. The empty containers 31 are thus conveyed by the first line 3 of the conveyor 1 to a conditioning unit 20 and come out of it, filled with liquid and sealed, by the second line 4 of the conveyor 1. It is of course understood that the unit 20 is itself provided with means for locomotion of the bucket assembly 30 / container 31.
  • the packaging unit comprises only two stations, a filling station 210 and a sealing station 220 respectively for carrying out a preliminary phase of filling and a shutter phase.
  • the stations 210, 220 are directly in contact with the ambient environment, and therefore the ambient atmosphere, and not in contact with an inert environment.
  • the filling station 210 injects a liquid into the receptacle 31, this liquid being isolated from the ambient atmosphere by an inert gas jet.
  • a plurality of sensors are connected to the control means 230, for example to indicate that a bucket assembly 30 / container 31 is ready to be filled by the filling station 210.
  • the figure 2 shows a schematic section of the filling station 210.
  • the latter is provided with a filling means 211 and an isolation means 212 respectively comprising a first O1 and a second 02 outlet ports.
  • the filling means 211 and insulation 212 are respectively supplied with liquid by a pipe 214 and inert gas, nitrogen for example, by a pipe 213.
  • the filling means 211 is able to expel a flow of liquid F1 via its first orifice 01, the isolation means expelling on its side a flow of inert gas F2 via its second orifice O2.
  • the isolation means expels a flow of inert gas F2. Then, the flow of inert gas F2 is not stopped, the filling means expels a flow of liquid F1, the liquid may be for example wine or an alcoholic liquid.
  • inert gas F2 surrounds the flow of liquid F1, these flows being concentric for example if the orifice O 2 is a ring. Nevertheless, according to the need it is conceivable to consider other geometrical forms. Similarly, the flow of inert gas F2 may have at least one angulation at its outlet from the orifice O2 to be directed towards the flow of liquid forming for example a cone.
  • the flow of inert gas F2 discharges the oxygen outside the container to the extent that the inert gas is a so-called heavy gas unlike the ambient air.
  • the inert gas flow F2 constitutes a sort of curtain which isolates the flow of liquid F1 from the ambient atmosphere.
  • the liquid can not be oxidized during the filling phase, which is of great importance if it involves the conditioning of wine.
  • the figures 3 and 4 respectively show views of the shutter station 220 along the Y and X axes.
  • the sealing station comprises in the upper part a reservoir 221 of caps 32 having a very low permeability being for example composed of a laminated material comprising a layer of pure aluminum coated with a plastic layer.
  • the reservoir 221 is fixed while being secured to the frame 225.
  • the sealing station comprises a sealing means 222 in the intermediate portion and an inerting unit 223 in the lower part.
  • the inerting unit 223 is movable vertically along the Z axis. It is arranged on two columns C1, C2. The latter are connected to a first and a second jack, arranged in series under the conditioning unit 20 and therefore under the conveyor 1, controlled by the control means 230 to be moved vertically from a low position to a high position. passing through a rest position, and vice versa.
  • the inerting unit 223 is provided with a flange 2231 slidable along the columns C1, C2.
  • This flange 2231 carries an inerting means 2232.
  • the inerting means 2232 and the flange 2231 have a central zone 2230 empty in order to be traversed at least partially by the sealing means 222 and the rim of the container 31.
  • step b) of the closing phase the inerting means 2232 makes it possible to deplete the oxygen content of the head volume V1 of the container 31. In order for this depletion to be effective, it is realized at the same time. using a heavy gas, nitrogen for example.
  • the inerting means 2232 is an endless hollow conduit, a hollow ring in this embodiment although another form is obviously conceivable as needed.
  • the walls 2233 of the duct which are directed towards the receptacle 31 delimit a closed space which surrounds this receptacle 31.
  • these walls 2233 comprise pores, being made for example of ceramic, the number of pores being between 15 and 100 pores per inch.
  • the inert gas is then injected into the inerting unit at a pressure of the order of 0.1 bar to 3 bar. Under the effect of this pressure, micro-bubbles of inert gas leave the inerting unit 2232 by the pores of the walls 2233. In this way, the inert gas is deposited in the head volume V1 at a very low speed which guarantees the perfect success of the operation.
  • the duration of the inerting operation is determined by the control means 230 as a function of the geometry of the volume V1.
  • sealing means 222 is arranged on the columns C1, C2, the arrangement of the closure means 222 on the columns C1, C2 being produced using an axis AX1 whose ends EX1, EX2 cross two turntables 2221.
  • the closure means is free to switch 180 ° so as to face either the rim of the container 31 or the reservoir 221 of the caps 32.
  • the end EX1 of the AX1 shaft is provided with a conventional rotary means, a rotary jack for example, and the end EX2 is free to perform a rotary movement about its axis of rotation while being fixed on the plate 2221.
  • the closure means comprises a heating means 2222 of its heating surface 2223 and a suction cup capable of grasping a lid.
  • the Figures 5 to 9 explain the closing phase of a container 31 which enters a sealing station 220.
  • step a) of the shutter phase represented by the figure 5
  • the control means 230 instructs the rotary means to tilt the closure means 222 to bring it into line with the lid reservoir 221.
  • the first ram then pushes the columns C1, C2 in order to put the sealing means 222 into position. high position.
  • the suction cup 2224 seizes a cap 32.
  • the columns C1, C2 are respectively provided with stop rings C1 ', C2' of the usual type, these rings stop C1 ', C2' also translate the inerting unit 223 when the first jack pushes the columns C1, C2.
  • the control means moves the shutter means 222 via the first jack. Due to its weight, the inerting unit 223 slides along the columns C1, C2 to the stop rings C1 ', C2'. Then, according to the figure 7 , the control means sum the rotating means of tilting the closure means 222 so as to bring it into line with the rim of the container. The inerting unit unit 223 / closure means 222 is then in the rest position.
  • step b) of the shutter phase can begin.
  • the control means 230 instructs the second jack to move the columns C1, C2 downwards which induces downward translation of the inerting unit 223 and the sealing means 222.
  • the flange 2231 is then pressed against the rim 300 of the bucket 30.
  • Inert gas injected into the inerting medium 2232, comes out of the latter at low speed in the form of microbubbles. Due to its weight, it finally fills the head space V1 of the container, thereby expelling the oxygen possibly found there.
  • control means instructs the heating means 2222 of the sealing means 222 to heat its heating surface 2223.
  • a temperature sensor not shown advantageously indicates to the control means whether the desired temperature is reached.
  • the shutter means then comes into action to seal the seal 32 previously entered.
  • the control means 230 instructs the second cylinder to completely lower the sealing means 222 so that it can squeeze the lid 32 against the rim of the container.
  • the inerting unit 223 being locked against the rim 300 of the bucket 30 does not move.
  • the flexibility of the suction pad 2224 has the consequence that the latter does not prevent the heating surface 2223 from pressing the cover 32 against the rim of the receptacle.
  • the temperature of the heating surface is between 80 ° C and 350 ° C.
  • the bearing force is preferably in the range of from 10 to 255 decaNewtons.
  • the second cylinder is controlled by pressure which allows to precisely adjust said support force.
  • the heating surface may be provided with a not shown shaping means for post-forming the lid by folding these edges on the outer walls of the container rim.
  • This shaping means is adapted to the shape of the container. As a result, it is removable by being attached to the heating surface by conventional means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vacuum Packaging (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Konditionieren eines Lebensmittels unter Umgebungsbedingungen in einem Behälter mit einer lokal inerten Atmosphäre, die mindestens eine Konditioniereinheit (20) umfaßt, welche mit einer Inertiereinheit (223) versehen ist, die ein Inertiermittel mit mindestens einem hohlen Kanal (2232) aufweist, wobei die Wandungen (2233) des hohlen Kanals (2232), die zu dem Behälter (31) hin gerichtet sind, aus einem Material besteht, das Poren aufweist und wobei in den hohlen Kanal (2232) ein unter Druck stehendes Inertgas eingespeist wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    • die Konditioniereinheit (20) einen Verschließungsposten (220) aufweist, der am unteren Teil der Inertiereinheit (223) angeordnet ist,
    • das Inertiermittel einen leeren Zentralbereich (2230) aufweist, um wenigstens teilweise durch Verschlußmittel und den oberen Bereich des Behälters durchquert zu werden.
  2. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material zwischen 15 und 100 Poren pro Zoll enthält.
  3. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material aus Keramik besteht.
  4. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druck es dem Inertgas ermöglicht, mit geringer Geschwindigkeit durch die Poren hindurchzutreten.
  5. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der hohle Kanal endlos ausgebildet ist, wobei die Wandungen (2233) einen geschlossenen Raum begrenzen, der geeignet ist, den Behälter (31) zu umgeben.
  6. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der endlose hohle Kanal ringförmig ausgebildet ist.
  7. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Inertiereinheit (223) vertikal verlagerbar ist.
  8. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Inertiereinheit einen Flansch (2231) aufweist, wobei der Flansch (2231) einen leeren Zentralbereich aufweist.
  9. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flansch (2231) mit mindestens zwei vertikal verschiebbaren Stützen (C1, C2) eine Einheit bildet.
  10. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein oberer Teil des Verschließungspostens (220) mit einem Vorratsbehälter (221) für Verschlußmittel (32) versehen ist.
  11. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Zwischenteil des Verschließungspostens (220) mit einem Verschlußmittel (222) versehen ist, das schwenkbar und vertikal verlagerbar ist.
  12. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verschlußmittel (222) ein abnehmbares Mittel zum Informbringen aufweist.
  13. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mindestens einen Kontrollsensor aufweist, um sicherzustellen, daß kein verschlossener Behälter (31) in eine Konditioniereinheit (20) eintritt.
  14. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ein Steuermittel (230) aufweist.
  15. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen Füllposten aufweist, der einen Inertgasstrom (F2) und einen Flüssigkeitsstrom (F1) generiert, wobei der Inertgasstrom (F2) den Flüssigkeitsstrom (F1) umgibt, um diesen von der Umgebungsatmosphäre zu isolieren.
  16. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Füllposten (210) eine erste (O1) und eine zweite (02) Öffnung aufweist, um einerseits den Flüssigkeitsstrom (F1) und andererseits den Inertgasstrom (F2) zu generieren, wobei die zweite Öffnung (02) die erste Öffnung (O1) umgibt.
  17. Verfahren zum Konditionieren eines Lebensmittels unter Raumbedingungen in einem Behälter mit einer lokal inerten Atmosphäre, wobei eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16 verwendet wird und der Druck des Inertgases zwischen 0,1 bar und 3 bar beträgt.
EP06778622A 2005-06-23 2006-06-20 Inertisierungsmittel mit niedriger geschwindigkeit und vorrichtung zur verwendung des inertisierungsmittels zur verpackung eines lebensmittelproduktes Active EP1915295B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0506422A FR2887524A1 (fr) 2005-06-23 2005-06-23 Moyen d'inertage a faible vitesse et dispositif mettant en oeuvre ce moyen d'inertage pour conditionner un produit alimentaire
PCT/FR2006/001391 WO2006136694A1 (fr) 2005-06-23 2006-06-20 Moyen d'inertage a faible vitesse et dispositif mettant en œuvre ce moyen d'inertage pour conditionner un produit alimentaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1915295A1 EP1915295A1 (de) 2008-04-30
EP1915295B1 true EP1915295B1 (de) 2010-08-04

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EP06778622A Active EP1915295B1 (de) 2005-06-23 2006-06-20 Inertisierungsmittel mit niedriger geschwindigkeit und vorrichtung zur verwendung des inertisierungsmittels zur verpackung eines lebensmittelproduktes

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US (2) US7930867B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1915295B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE476366T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006015969D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2887524A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2006136694A1 (de)

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GB0906430D0 (en) * 2009-04-14 2009-05-20 Wine Innovations Ltd Filling and sealing beverage containers
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FR3018513B1 (fr) 2014-03-14 2016-08-26 1/4 Vin Procede et dispositif de conditionnement de boisson
FR3022222B1 (fr) * 2014-06-17 2019-04-12 1/4 Vin Procede et dispositif de thermoscellage d'un opercule sur le buvant d'un verre
SE1651002A1 (en) 2016-07-07 2018-01-08 A & R Carton Lund Ab Attachment unit for attaching a container element.

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DE602006015969D1 (de) 2010-09-16
FR2887524A1 (fr) 2006-12-29
US20090100797A1 (en) 2009-04-23
WO2006136694A1 (fr) 2006-12-28
EP1915295A1 (de) 2008-04-30
US8161715B2 (en) 2012-04-24
ATE476366T1 (de) 2010-08-15
US20110167766A1 (en) 2011-07-14
US7930867B2 (en) 2011-04-26

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