EP1907780B9 - Kammeranordnung mit verbesserten dehnungsfugen und ziegel zu deren herstellung - Google Patents

Kammeranordnung mit verbesserten dehnungsfugen und ziegel zu deren herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1907780B9
EP1907780B9 EP06778845A EP06778845A EP1907780B9 EP 1907780 B9 EP1907780 B9 EP 1907780B9 EP 06778845 A EP06778845 A EP 06778845A EP 06778845 A EP06778845 A EP 06778845A EP 1907780 B9 EP1907780 B9 EP 1907780B9
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EP
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Prior art keywords
brick
dimension
recess
face
projection
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EP06778845A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1907780A2 (de
EP1907780B1 (de
Inventor
Christian Jonville
Jean Bigot
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Rio Tinto France SAS
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Aluminium Pechiney SA
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Priority to SI200630139T priority Critical patent/SI1907780T1/sl
Publication of EP1907780A2 publication Critical patent/EP1907780A2/de
Publication of EP1907780B1 publication Critical patent/EP1907780B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
    • F27B13/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
    • F27B13/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type
    • F27B13/08—Casings
    • F27B13/10—Arrangements of linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0023—Linings or walls comprising expansion joints or means to restrain expansion due to thermic flows
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F27D1/042—Bricks shaped for use in regenerators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of so-called "ring furnace” furnaces for firing carbonaceous blocks, and in particular open-type chamber furnaces.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the walls of these furnaces (in particular the hollow partitions and the transverse walls) and the bricks used in these partitions.
  • Open chamber type open fire furnaces are well known in themselves and described in particular in the French patent applications.
  • FR 2,600,152 (corresponding to the US patent US 4,859,175 ) and FR 2,535,834 (corresponding to the British application GB 2 129 918 ).
  • a revolving furnace comprises a succession of aligned chambers, each chamber being delimited by transverse walls and comprising a plurality of elongate cells separated by hollow heat walls.
  • Chamber partitions are formed of refractory bricks, such as those described in international applications WO 95/22666 and WO 97/35150 .
  • the subject of the invention is a revolving furnace comprising a plurality of internal partitions forming a series of distinct cooking chambers and cavities inside these chambers, said partitions comprising transverse walls for separating said chambers and hollow partitions.
  • at least one of said inner partitions being formed of a plurality of refractory bricks including at least first, second and third bricks, each having at least two opposite side faces disposed parallel to the long direction; L of the partition, two faces of opposite ends and two opposing assembly faces and each comprising at least one planar surface, the first and second bricks being located above or below the third brick and placed so their end face facing each other are separated by a space of width J, characterized in that the first brick has at least one first recess on its assembly face opposite the third brick, said recess having a dimension E in the long direction L of the partition , in that the third brick has at least one first boss on its assembly face facing the first brick, said first boss having a dimension B in the long direction L of the partition and being engaged
  • Said space of width J forms an expansion joint, which absorbs the relative displacements between the first brick and the third brick in the long direction of the partition, which occur when the bricks expand or contract under the effect of variations in oven temperature during use, and thus avoids the constraint of the partition. Since the relative displacements are limited by the stop on the joint side, the cohesion and the strength of the partition are maintained during the movements caused by the expansion and contraction of the bricks.
  • the boss and the recess according to the invention act as flexible locking elements of the bricks.
  • the subject of the invention is also a brick made of refractory material, which can be used in internal walls of a rotating-fire furnace, comprising at least two opposite lateral faces, a first end face, a second face of end opposite the first end face, a first assembly face comprising at least one planar surface and at least one first boss and a second assembly face opposite to the first assembly face and comprising at least one plane surface and at least one first recess, said boss having a dimension B in a direction parallel to said side faces, said recess having a dimension E in a direction parallel to said side faces, characterized in that the dimension E is larger than the dimension B, and in that said recess is spaced apart by a determined distance Se from the first end face and has a substantially flat bottom of determined width.
  • the first recess is typically substantially opposite said first boss.
  • Said first boss is typically spaced apart by a determined distance Sb from the first end face.
  • the center of said first recess is offset by a distance Cp from the center of said
  • said first boss is a first straight bead, which is arranged perpendicular to said side faces and whose width is equal to said dimension B
  • said first recess is a first straight groove, which is disposed perpendicularly to said side faces and whose width is equal to said dimension E.
  • the brick further comprises a second straight groove, disposed perpendicularly to said side faces, and the width E 'of this second groove is smaller than said dimension E.
  • the brick further comprises a second straight groove disposed perpendicularly to said side faces, and the width E 'of said second groove is substantially equal to said dimension E.
  • the second groove is typically on the same assembly face as the first straight groove, but may possibly be located on the opposite assembly face.
  • the second straight groove is typically spaced apart by a determined distance Se 'from the second end face.
  • the brick according to these variants typically comprises, in addition, a second bead, arranged perpendicularly to said side faces and located on the same assembly face as the first bead.
  • the width B 'of this second bead is typically substantially equal to said dimension B.
  • the second bead is typically spaced apart by a determined distance Sb' from the second end face.
  • the subject of the invention is also the use of a rotating-fire oven according to the invention for cooking carbonaceous blocks.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a perspective view, partially exploded, of an open-chamber rotating fire furnace.
  • the figure 2 illustrious, seen from above, a span of furnace with rotating fire.
  • the figure 3 illustrates an assembly of bricks according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the figure 4 illustrates an advantageous embodiment of the bosses and recesses of refractory bricks according to the invention.
  • the figure 5 illustrates the structure of a transverse wall of an oven according to the invention seen in perspective
  • the figures 6 and 7 illustrate refractory bricks according to one embodiment of the invention, viewed in different directions.
  • a rotating light furnace comprises a succession of chambers (10, 11, 12, ...) arranged in series.
  • Each chamber comprises an alternation in the transverse direction (Y axis) of cells (2) of elongate shape and hollow partitions (3) arranged in the longitudinal direction (X axis).
  • the dotted line (1) of the figure 2 delineates one of the rooms and shows that she comprises a plurality of cells (2) arranged in parallel and separated by hollow partitions (3).
  • the transverse walls (4) separate the rooms from each other.
  • the cells (2) are delimited by hollow partitions (3), pillars (5) of transverse walls (4) and a floor (25).
  • the hollow partitions (3) and the pillars (5) of transverse walls (4) form substantially vertical walls; the floor (25) forms a substantially horizontal bottom.
  • the hollow partitions (3) comprise thin side walls (9) generally separated by spacers (7) and baffles (8).
  • the ends of the hollow partitions (3) are embedded in notches (5 ') of the transverse walls (4).
  • the indentations (5 ') are provided with openings or "windows" (6) to allow the passage of gases flowing in the hollow partitions (3) from one chamber to the next.
  • the hollow partitions (3) are provided with access means (20) called “openers” which serve in particular to introduce heating means (such as burner injectors) (not shown) or suction nozzles (23). connected to a pipe (21) and connected to a main pipe (22) along the furnace.
  • heating means such as burner injectors
  • suction nozzles 23
  • the rotating fire furnaces therefore comprise a plurality of internal partitions (3, 4) which form a series of separate cooking chambers and cavities within these chambers.
  • These internal partitions (3, 4) are generally essentially made of refractory bricks (15, 16, 17).
  • the bricks are typically based on alumina and silica.
  • the bricks can be directly in contact (“dry" mounting) or a sealing material can be interposed between the bricks.
  • Several of these bricks have bosses and recesses of substantially complementary shapes that fit into each other, thus ensuring a blockage of bricks and a stabilization of the partition.
  • a rotating furnace typically comprises two parallel spans, each having a length of the order of one hundred meters.
  • the spans are generally delimited by lateral walls (24).
  • a gas flow consisting of air, heating gas, vapors released by the carbonaceous blocks or combustion gases (or, most often, a mixture thereof) flows, in the long direction of the furnace (X axis), in a succession of hollow heating partitions (3) which communicate with each other.
  • This gas stream is blown upstream of the active chambers and is sucked downstream thereof.
  • the heat produced by the combustion of the gases is transmitted to the carbonaceous blocks (31) contained in the cells (2), which causes their cooking.
  • a firing cycle of carbonaceous blocks typically comprises the charging of the cells of this chamber with green carbonaceous blocks, the heating of this chamber up to the firing temperature of the carbonaceous blocks (typically from 1100 to 1200.degree. ), cooling the chamber to a temperature that allows removal of the burned carbonaceous blocks and cooling of the chamber to room temperature.
  • the principle of the rotating light is to successively carry out the heating cycle on the furnace chambers by a displacement of the heating means (such as burner ramps) and suction means.
  • a given chamber passes successively by periods of preheating, cooking and cooling.
  • the figure 1 shows a typical stack of carbon blocks (31) in a cell (2), with a coating powder or "dust" (32), during a cooking operation thereof.
  • the dust is typically based on carbonaceous powder or silica.
  • the rise in temperature of the oven during a cooking cycle causes the expansion of the interior partitions (3, 4) of the oven.
  • the hollow partitions (3) are typically embedded in the notches (5 ') of the transverse walls (4) so as to be able to move without significant hindrance in the notches during the climbs and descents in oven temperature.
  • a space called "expansion joint”
  • This space generally contains a compressible refractory material, such as a refractory ceramic fiber, in order to make it waterproof and to prevent the introduction of dust between the hollow partitions (3) and the transverse walls (4).
  • expansion joints 13, 14 formed by empty spacing between some bricks.
  • planar surface (154) of the first assembly face (153) is parallel to the planar surface (157) of the second assembly face (156).
  • These bricks have a length L1 (defined as being the distance between the two opposite end faces (152, 1S2 ')), a width L2 (defined as being the distance between the two lateral faces (151)) and a thickness L3 (defined as the distance between the planar surfaces (154, 157) of the two opposing assembly faces (153, 156)).
  • L1 from 200 to 400 mm
  • L2 from 200 to 300 mm
  • L3 from 80 to 150 mm when the bricks are intended for transverse walls (4 )
  • the bosses (155) of a brick are inserted into recesses (158) corresponding to another brick, located above or below the partition, which consolidates the partition.
  • Each of the bosses (155) has a dimension B in a direction parallel to the lateral faces (151) of the brick.
  • Dimension B can be different for each boss.
  • the dimension B is typically given with respect to the junction line of each boss (155) with the flat surface (154) of the corresponding assembly face (153) or with respect to a line equivalent to the junction line.
  • each of the determined recesses (158) has a dimension E in a direction parallel to the side faces (151) of the brick.
  • the dimension E can be different for each boss.
  • the dimension E is typically given with respect to the junction line of each recess (158) with the flat surface (157) of the corresponding joining face (156) or with respect to a line equivalent to the connecting line.
  • the dimension E or E 'of at least one of said recesses (158d, 158'd) is greater than the corresponding dimension B or B' of the corresponding boss (155d, 155'd) of an adjacent brick, generally placed in below thereof, and the edge of the or each recess (158d, 158'd) is spaced a determined distance Se or Se '(respectively) from at least one of said end faces (152, 152 '), namely at least the end face located on the side of said space (13, 14), so as to form a stop.
  • the determined distances Se and Se ' are typically between 10 and 30% of the length L1 of the corresponding bricks (15a, 15b).
  • the clearance between a recess (158d, 158d ') and the boss (155d, 155'd) corresponding, that is to say the additional dimension of the recess relative to the boss, allows relative displacements of the first brick relative to the third brick in the long direction of the partition when the bricks of the partition expand or contract under the effect of oven temperature changes in use. These displacements vary the width of the expansion joint, which thus absorbs the dimensional variations of the bricks of the partition.
  • the or each corresponding boss (155d, 155'd) may also be spaced apart by a determined distance Sb or Sb '(respectively) from the corresponding end face (152, 152'), which is intended to be adjacent to said space (13, 14).
  • the determined distances Sb and Sb ' are typically between 10 and 30% of the length L1 of said bricks (15a, 15b).
  • said recess does not extend to the opposite end face to the seal, that is to say it does not open on this end face.
  • Said dimensions E and E ' are preferably less than about 20% of the length L1 of the bricks, and typically less than about 15% of L1, in order to avoid embrittlement.
  • the bricks 15a, 15b and 15c respectively correspond to said first, second and third bricks.
  • the expansion joint (13, 14) corresponds to the spacing, of width J, between the end face of the first brick (15a) and the end face of the second brick (15b) opposite this this.
  • the expansion joint (13, 14) is preferably located substantially in the center of the third brick (15c) in order to simplify the assembly.
  • a partition typically includes a plurality of expansion joints (13, 14), preferably at least one continuous brick row expansion joint.
  • the use of several expansion joints for the same row of bricks makes it possible to distribute the compensation of the expansions and thus to avoid a large opening between the two bricks which delimit the joint, which could weaken the partition.
  • the expansion joints of a partition may be of different widths J.
  • the partition illustrated in FIG. figure 5 comprises expansion joints of two different widths, namely joints 13 having a first width, J1 and joints 14 having a second width J2.
  • the first width J1 of the seals 13 is equal to about half of the second width J2 of the seals 14 because the rows C1 and C3 comprise a number of expansion joints (13) equal to twice the number of expansion joints (14) of intermediate rows C2 and C4.
  • the width J of the expansion joints is preferably small relative to the length L1 of the bricks so as not to substantially affect the strength of the partition.
  • the width J is typically 5 mm to 20 mm.
  • the first width J1 is typically between 10 to 20 mm and the second width J2 is typically between 5 and 10 mm.
  • said first, second and third bricks are not rigidly sealed to each other in order to allow their relative displacement when using the oven.
  • a non-sealing refractory material may advantageously be interposed between these bricks to facilitate their relative movements, to adjust the level and / or to increase the seal.
  • the second brick (15b) also comprises at least one recess (158'd) on its assembly face opposite the third brick (15c), said recess (158'd). ) having a dimension E 'in the long direction L of the partition
  • the third brick (15c) comprises at least a second boss (155'd) on its assembly face facing the second brick (15b), said second boss (155'd) having a dimension B 'in the long direction L of the partition and being engaged in said recess, the dimension E' of said recess (158'd) is larger than the dimension B 'of said second boss (155 'd), and said recess (158'd) is spaced a determined distance Se' from the end face (152 ') adjacent said space (13, 14).
  • This preferred configuration makes it possible to substantially simplify the design and construction of the partition.
  • FIG 3 illustrates an embodiment in which each of the two bricks which delimit the expansion joint (13, 14), i.e. said first (15a) and second (15b) bricks, has a locking element according to the invention, namely a recess (158d, 158'd) wider than the corresponding boss (155d, 155'd) on said third brick (15c) and spaced a determined distance (Se, Se ') from space (13, 14) forming the expansion joint.
  • the dimensions (E and E ', B and B') and the distances (Se and Se ', Sb and Sb') are typically substantially equal, respectively.
  • the difference D or D 'between said dimension E or E' and said dimension B or B ', respectively, is preferably greater than 10 mm, more preferably greater than 12 mm, and typically between 14 and 20 mm. A difference of less than 10 mm does not provide a margin of relative movement of said bricks sufficient to compensate for the expansion of the partition.
  • said first brick (15a) is located above said third brick (15c), said recess (158d) is facing down and is located on said first brick (15a) and said corresponding first boss (155d) is rotated upwards and is located on said third brick (15c).
  • the configuration is preferably the same in the variant of the invention wherein the second brick (15b) has a recess (158'd) and the third brick (15c) has a second boss (155'd).
  • the bricks can be superimposed so that, cold (at the time of assembly of the partition), the center of said first and / or second boss (155d, 155'd) is shifted by a determined distance C or C ', respectively, relative to the center of the corresponding recess (158d, 158'd).
  • the center of the recess (158d, 158'd) is farther from the expansion joint (13, 14) than the center of the boss (155d, 155'd); the space A between the surface of the boss (155d, 155'd) and the surface of the corresponding recess (158d, 158'd) is then smaller on the side of the expansion joint (and therefore of said space (13, 14 )) than the opposite side.
  • This arrangement effectively limits the opening of the expansion joint during use of the oven.
  • said bosses (155d, 155'd) and said first and second recesses (158d, 158'd) may not extend to at least one of said lateral faces (151d, 155'd). ), that is to say that they may not lead to at least one of the lateral faces (151).
  • the bosses (155) and the recesses (158) can take different forms. As illustrated in Figures 3 to 7 , the bosses (155) typically take the form of cords and the recesses (158) take the form of grooves.
  • said first boss (155d) is a first straight bead, arranged perpendicular to the lateral faces of the brick (and therefore perpendicular to the long direction L of the partition), and said first recess (158d ) is a first straight groove, arranged perpendicular to the lateral faces of the brick (and therefore perpendicular to the long direction L of the partition).
  • the width of the first straight bead corresponds to said dimension B and the width of the first straight groove corresponds to said dimension E.
  • said second boss (155 'd) is advantageously a second straight bead, arranged perpendicularly to the lateral faces of the brick (and therefore perpendicular to the long direction L of the partition), and said corresponding recess (158'd) is advantageously a straight groove, arranged perpendicularly to the lateral faces of the brick (and therefore perpendicular to the long direction L of the partition).
  • the width of the second straight bead corresponds to said dimension B 'and the width of the corresponding adroit groove corresponds to said dimension E'.
  • said first (15a) and second (15b) bricks further comprise at least one straight groove (158a, 158b) disposed parallel to the side faces (151) (and therefore parallel to the long direction of the partition) and said third brick (15c) has at least one straight bead (155a, 155b) also disposed parallel to the side faces (151) (and therefore parallel to the long direction of the partition) and corresponding to said right cord.
  • These cords and throats can thus guide the movement of the bricks relative to each other during thermal expansion and maintain the cohesion of the partition.
  • the bricks according to this variant of the invention advantageously comprise at least one straight bead (155a, 155b) arranged parallel to the side faces (151) on an assembly face (typically on the first face assembly (153)) and at least one straight groove (158a, 158b), corresponding to said right bead (and opposite it), also arranged parallel to the side faces (151) on the opposite assembly face (typically on the second assembly face (156)).
  • the or each straight groove (158d, 158'd) may have a substantially flat bottom of determined width P or P ', this width being typically greater than or equal to said difference D or D ', respectively.
  • This variant of the invention has the advantage of making it possible to avoid reducing the thickness of the brick at the groove (s) (158d, 158'd).
  • the center of the recess to be located on the side of said space (13, 14) is then at a distance Sc (typically equal to d2 + P / 2) of the corresponding end face (152).
  • the distance Sc is typically between 15 and 30% of the length L1 of the brick.
  • the center of said boss (155d) can be shifted by a determined distance Cp from the center of the corresponding recess (158d).
  • the offset distance Cp is small compared to the length L1 of the brick; it is typically between 5 and 12 mm.
  • the shift Cp is substantially equal to half the width P of the flat bottom of the corresponding grooves and typically corresponds to half of said difference D.
  • the invention is advantageously applicable to cases where said partition is one of the transverse walls (4) of said furnace because these walls are generally of great length.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous in the cases where said walls (4) comprise notches (5 ') in which hollow partitions (3) are embedded because the limitation of the relative displacements of the bricks makes it possible to limit the width variations of the notch (5 ') and to preserve the tightness of the tight expansion joints between the hollow partitions (3) and the edge of the indentations (5').
  • the wall typically comprises bricks according to the invention (15 ', 15 ") and known bricks (16, 17) .
  • the bricks (15', 15") according to the invention, and more specifically said bricks (15a), second (15b) and third (15c) bricks, are placed wholly or partly in the notches (5 ').
  • the Figures 5 to 7 relate more specifically to this advantageous application of the invention.
  • the Figure 5 (A) shows an arrangement of the bricks of a transverse wall (4) according to the invention, shown in partial view and in perspective.
  • the Figure 5 (B) illustrates the interlocking of said first (15a), second (15b) and third (15c) bricks.
  • the brick 15c is a "double-joint" brick (15 '), as illustrated in FIG. figure 6
  • the bricks 15a and 15b are "mixed" or "single joint” bricks (15 "), as illustrated in FIG. figure 7 .
  • the figure (A) corresponds to a lateral face (151) of the brick
  • the figure (B) corresponds to an assembly face (153 or 156)
  • the figure (C) corresponds to an end face (152)
  • the figure (D) corresponds to the opposite assembly face to that of the figure (B) .
  • the bricks (15 ') located in the center of the notches (5'), and represented in the figure 6 have on an assembly face (153), two cords (155a, 155b) straight parallel to the side faces (151) and arranged at the same distance d1 side faces (151), and on the assembly face opposite (156), two straight grooves (158a, 158b) parallel to the side faces (151), substantially opposite the corresponding cords (155a, 155b) and substantially complementary thereto.
  • These bricks (15 ') also have, on an assembly face (153), two strings (155d, 155'd) straight perpendicular to the lateral faces (151) and arranged at the same distance d2 from the end faces (152 152 ') and on the opposite mounting face (156), two grooves (158d, 158'd) straight, perpendicular to the side faces (151), substantially opposite the corresponding cords (155c, 155d) and substantially complementary thereto.
  • the width E and E 'of these two last grooves (158d, 158'd) has a supplement P and P' with respect to the width B and B 'of the two cords (155d, 155'd) corresponding.
  • the bricks (15 ") located on the side of the indentations (5 '), and represented on the figure 7 have, on an assembly face (153), a first bead (155d) straight, perpendicular to the side faces (151) and disposed at a distance d2 from a first end face (152), and, on the opposed assembly face (156), a first groove (158d), perpendicular to the side faces (151), substantially opposite the corresponding bead (155d) and substantially complementary thereto.
  • the width E of this first groove (158d) has an additional width P relative to the width B of the corresponding first cord (155d).
  • These bricks (15 ") also have, on the same assembly face (153) as the first cord, a second bead (155c) straight, perpendicular to the side faces (151) and disposed at the same distance d2 from the face d end (152 ') opposite the first end face (152), and on the opposite mounting face (156), a second straight groove (158c) perpendicular to the side faces (151), substantially opposite the corresponding bead (155c) and substantially complementary thereto
  • the width E 'of the second groove (158c) is smaller than said dimension E.
  • the width B' of the second bead (155c) is substantially equal to said dimension B
  • the configuration of the cords 155a, 155b and 155c and the grooves 158a, 158b and 158c makes them compatible with the bricks (16) used for the construction of the other elements of the wall (4). on an assembly face (153), two straight parallel cords (155a, 155b) at the side faces (151) and arranged at the same distance d1 from the side faces (151), and on the opposite assembly face (156), two straight grooves (158a, 158b) parallel to the side faces (151), substantially facing the corresponding cords (155a, 155b) and substantially complementary thereto.
  • the bricks (15 ') and (15 ") furthermore have plane surfaces (154, 157) between the cords and the grooves which serve as sliding surfaces (19) of the bricks on one another (see FIG. figure 3 ).
  • bricks according to the invention may be symmetrical with respect to a plane parallel to the side faces (151) to simplify their use.
  • the bricks according to the invention typically have a substantially hexahedral shape, and in particular a substantially parallelepiped shape.
  • Said bosses and recesses typically have a rounded shape.
  • this rounded shape may be defined in whole or in part by radii of curvature R1, R2, R3 and R4, the center of which may lie in the plane of the flat surface of the assembly face or may be offset by a distance X with respect to this surface.
  • the rotary kiln according to the invention is intended for cooking carbonaceous blocks, in particular the anodes of igneous electrolysis cell intended for the production of aluminum.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)

Claims (35)

  1. Ringkammerofen mit einer Vielzahl von Innenwänden (3, 4), welche eine Reihe von einzelnen Brennkammern (1, 10, 11, 12) und Zellen (2) innerhalb dieser Kammern bilden, wobei die Wände (3, 4) aus Quermauern (4) zum Trennen der Kammern und Hohlwänden (3) zum Trennen der Zellen (2) bestehen, wobei mindestens eine der Innenwände (3, 4) von einer Vielzahl von Ziegeln (15, 16, 17) aus feuerfestem Material gebildet ist, umfassend mindestens einen ersten (15a), einen zweiten (15b) und einen dritten Ziegel (15c), die jeweils mindestens zwei gegenüberliegende, parallel zur Längsrichtung L der Wand angeordnete Seitenflächen (151), zwei gegenüberliegende Stirnflächen (152, 152') und zwei gegenüberliegende Stoßflächen (153, 156) mit jeweils mindestens einer ebenen Oberfläche (154, 157) aufweisen, wobei der erste (15a) und der zweite Ziegel (15b) oberhalb oder unterhalb des dritten Ziegels (15c) liegen und so platziert sind, dass ihre einander gegenüberliegenden Stirnflächen durch einen Spalt (13, 14) der Breite J getrennt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Ziegel (15a) mindestens eine erste Aushöhlung (158d) auf seiner dem dritten Ziegel (15c) gegenüberliegenden Stoßfläche aufweist, wobei die Aushöhlung (158d) ein Maß E in Längsrichtung L der Wand hat, dass der dritte Ziegel (15c) mindestens eine erste Ausbeulung (155d) auf seiner dem ersten Ziegel (15a) gegenüberliegenden Stoßfläche aufweist, wobei die erste Ausbeulung (155d) ein Maß B in Längsrichtung L der Wand hat und in die Aushöhlung eingreift, dass zur Ermöglichung relativer Verschiebungen zwischen dem ersten und dem dritten Ziegel in Längsrichtung der Wand während der Ofenbenutzung das Maß E der Aushöhlung (158d) größer ist als das Maß B der ersten Ausbeulung (155d), und dass zur Bildung eines spaltseitigen Anschlags für die Ausbeulung die Aushöhlung (158d) um einen bestimmten Abstand Se von der an den Spalt (13, 14) angrenzenden Stirnfläche (152) beabstandet ist.
  2. Ofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mitte der ersten Ausbeulung (155d) um einen bestimmten Abstand C gegenüber der Mitte der Aushöhlung (158d) versetzt ist.
  3. Ofen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Versatz so gewählt ist, dass der Zwischenraum zwischen der Oberfläche der Ausbeulung (155d) und der Oberfläche der Aushöhlung (158d) kleiner auf der Seite des Spalts (13, 14) ist als auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite.
  4. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bestimmte Abstand Se zwischen 10 und 30 % der Länge L1 des ersten Ziegels (15a) beträgt.
  5. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Ausbeulung (155d) um einen bestimmten Abstand Sb von der an den Spalt (13, 14) angrenzenden Stirnfläche (152) beabstandet ist.
  6. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Ausbeulung (155d) ein erster gerader Wulst ist, der quer zur Längsrichtung L der Wand angeordnet ist, und die erste Aushöhlung (158d) eine erste gerade Nut ist, die quer zur Längsrichtung L der Wand angeordnet ist.
  7. Ofen nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gerade Nut (158d) einen im Wesentlichen flachen Nutgrund der Breite P besitzt, welche größer oder gleich der Differenz D zwischen dem Maß E und dem Maß B ist.
  8. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Differenz D zwischen dem Maß E und dem Maß B größer als 10 mm ist.
  9. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Ziegel (15b) ebenfalls mindestens eine Aushöhlung (158'd) auf seiner dem dritten Ziegel (15c) gegenüberliegenden Stoßfläche aufweist, wobei die Aushöhlung (158'd) ein Maß E' in Längsrichtung L der Wand hat, dass der dritte Ziegel (15c) mindestens eine zweite Ausbeulung (155'd) auf seiner dem zweiten Ziegel (15b) gegenüberliegenden Stoßfläche aufweist, wobei die zweite Ausbeulung ein Maß B' in Längsrichtung L der Wand hat und in die Aushöhlung eingreift, dass das Maß E' der Aushöhlung (158'd) größer ist als das Maß B' der zweiten Ausbeulung (155'd) und dass die Aushöhlung (158'd) um einen bestimmten Abstand Se' von der an den Spalt (13, 14) angrenzenden Stirnfläche (152') beabstandet ist.
  10. Ofen nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mitte der zweiten Ausbeulung (155'd) um einen bestimmten Abstand C' gegenüber der Mitte der korrespondieren Aushöhlung (158'd) versetzt ist.
  11. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Versatz so gewählt ist, dass der Zwischenraum zwischen der Oberfläche der zweiten Ausbeulung (155'd) und der Oberfläche der korrespondierenden Aushöhlung (158'd) kleiner auf der Seite des Spalts (13, 14) ist als auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite.
  12. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bestimmte Abstand Se' zwischen 10 und 30 % der Länge L1 des zweiten Ziegels (15b) beträgt.
  13. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Ausbeulung (155'd) um einen bestimmten Abstand Sb' von der an den Spalt (13, 14) angrenzenden Stirnfläche (152') beabstandet ist.
  14. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Ausbeulung (155'd) ein zweiter gerader Wulst ist, der quer zur Längsrichtung L der Wand angeordnet ist, und die korrespondierende Aushöhlung (158'd) eine erste gerade Nut ist, die quer zur Längsrichtung L der Wand angeordnet ist.
  15. Ofen nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nut (158'd) einen im Wesentlichen flachen Nutgrund der Breite P' besitzt, welche größer oder gleich der Differenz D' zwischen dem Maß E' und dem Maß B' ist.
  16. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Differenz D' zwischen dem Maß E' und dem Maß B' größer als 10 mm ist.
  17. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste (15a) und zweite Ziegel (15b) zusätzlich mindestens eine gerade Nut (158a, 158b) aufweisen, die parallel zu den Seitenflächen (151) angeordnet ist, und dass der dritte Ziegel (15c) mindestens einen geraden Wulst (155a, 155b) aufweist, der ebenfalls parallel zu den Seitenflächen (151) angeordnet ist und zu der Nut korrespondiert.
  18. Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Wand eine der Quermauern (4) des Ofens ist.
  19. Ofen nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Quermauer (4) Aussparungen (5') aufweist, in die Hohlwände (3) eingelassen sind, und dass der erste (15a), zweite (15b) und dritte Ziegel (15c) ganz oder teilweise in den Aussparungen (5') liegen.
  20. Ziegel (15, 15', 15") aus feuerfestem Material, geeignet zur Verwendung in Innenwänden (3, 4) eines Ringkammerofens, mit mindestens zwei gegenüberliegenden Seitenflächen (151), einer ersten Stirnfläche (152), einer der ersten Stirnfläche (152) gegenüberliegenden zweiten Stirnfläche (152'), einer ersten Stoßfläche (153), die mindestens eine ebene Oberfläche (154) und mindestens eine erste Ausbeulung (155d) aufweist, und einer der ersten Stoßfläche gegenüberliegenden zweiten Stoßfläche (156), die mindestens eine ebene Oberfläche (157) und mindestens eine erste Aushöhlung (158d) aufweist, wobei die Ausbeulung (155d) ein Maß B in einer zu den Seitenflächen (151) parallelen Richtung hat und die Aushöhlung (158d) ein Maß E in einer zu den Seitenflächen (151) parallelen Richtung hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Maß E größer ist als das Maß B, dass die Aushöhlung (158d) um einen bestimmten Abstand Se von der ersten Stirnfläche (152) beabstandet ist, dass die erste Ausbeulung (155d) ein erster gerader Wulst ist, der quer zu den Seitenflächen (151) angeordnet ist und dessen Breite gleich dem Maß B ist, und die erste Aushöhlung (158d) eine erste gerade Nut ist, die quer zu den Seitenflächen (151) angeordnet ist und deren Breite gleich dem Maß E ist, und dass die Nut (158d) einen im Wesentlichen flachen Nutgrund mit einer bestimmten Breite P besitzt.
  21. Ziegel nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mitte der ersten Aushöhlung (158d) um einen bestimmten Abstand Cp gegenüber der Mitte der ersten Ausbeulung (155d) versetzt ist.
  22. Ziegel nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 20 oder 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Versatzabstand Cp zwischen 5 und 12 mm beträgt.
  23. Ziegel nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 20 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Differenz D zwischen dem Maß E und dem Maß B größer als 10 mm ist.
  24. Ziegel nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 20 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bestimmte Abstand Se zwischen 10 und 30 % der Länge L1 des Ziegels beträgt.
  25. Ziegel nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 20 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Ausbeulung (155d) ebenfalls um einen bestimmten Abstand Sb von der ersten Stirnfläche (152) beabstandet ist.
  26. Ziegel nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 20 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine zweite gerade Nut (158c) aufweist, die quer zu den Seitenflächen (151) angeordnet ist, und dass die Breite E' dieser zweiten Nut kleiner ist als das Maß E.
  27. Ziegel nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 20 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine zweite gerade Nut (158'd) aufweist, die quer zu den Seitenflächen (151) angeordnet ist, und dass die Breite E' dieser zweiten Nut im Wesentlichen gleich dem Maß E ist.
  28. Ziegel nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 26 oder 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite gerade Nut um einen bestimmten Abstand Se' von der zweiten Stirnfläche (152') beabstandet ist.
  29. Ziegel nach Anspruch 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bestimmte Abstand Se' zwischen 10 und 30 % der Länge L1 des Ziegels beträgt.
  30. Ziegel nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 20 oder 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen zweiten geraden Wulst aufweist, der um einen bestimmten Abstand Sb' von der zweiten Stirnfläche (152') beabstandet ist.
  31. Ziegel nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 26 bis 30, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite gerade Nut auf derselben Stoßfläche (153) wie die erste gerade Nut liegt.
  32. Ziegel nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 20 bis 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mindestens einen geraden Wulst (155a, 155b) aufweist, der parallel zu den Seitenflächen (151) auf einer Stoßfläche angeordnet ist, und mindestens eine gerade Nut (158a, 158b) korrespondierend zu dem geraden Wulst aufweist, die ebenfalls parallel zu den Seitenflächen (151) auf der gegenüberliegenden Stoßfläche angeordnet ist.
  33. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kohlenstoffblöcken (31), bei dem:
    - grüne Kohlenstoffblöcke in einen Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19 eingeführt werden;
    - ein Brennzyklus durchgeführt wird;
    - die gebrannten Kohlenstoffblöcke aus dem Ofen herausgenommen werden.
  34. Herstellungsverfahren nach Anspruch 33, bei dem die Kohlenstoffblöcke Anoden für eine Elektrolysezelle zur Herstellung von Aluminium sind.
  35. Verwendung eines Ofens nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19 zum Brennen von Kohlenstoffblöcken.
EP06778845A 2005-07-12 2006-07-10 Kammeranordnung mit verbesserten dehnungsfugen und ziegel zu deren herstellung Active EP1907780B9 (de)

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FR0507455A FR2888633B1 (fr) 2005-07-12 2005-07-12 Four a chambres avec des joints de dilatation ameliores et briques destinees a sa realisation
PCT/FR2006/001675 WO2007006962A2 (fr) 2005-07-12 2006-07-10 Four a chambres avec des joints de dilatation ameliores et briques destinees a sa realisation

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EP1992895B1 (de) * 2007-05-14 2015-10-14 Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited Ringofen mit Brennvertiefungen mit hohem horizontalem Streckungsverhältnis und Verfahren zum Brennen von kohlehaltigen Artikeln darin
EP1992896A1 (de) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-19 Alcan International Limited Ringofen mit Rauchgaskanalausmauerung mit eingebauten Dehnungsverbindungen
US8266853B2 (en) * 2009-05-12 2012-09-18 Vanocur Refractories Llc Corbel repairs of coke ovens
FR2946737B1 (fr) * 2009-06-15 2013-11-15 Alcan Int Ltd Procede de regulation d'un four de cuisson de blocs carbones et four adapte a sa mise en oeuvre.
BR112012001100A2 (pt) * 2009-07-08 2016-02-23 Berry Metal Co aparelho e método para construções de estrutura e tijolo
US10533802B2 (en) 2009-07-08 2020-01-14 Macrae Technologies, Inc. Furnace bricks, coolers, and shells/bindings operating in systemic balance
US9121076B2 (en) * 2009-07-08 2015-09-01 Berry Metal Company Stave and brick constructions having refractory wear monitors and in process thermocouples
CN102241995B (zh) * 2010-05-11 2014-10-01 五冶集团上海有限公司 干熄焦伸缩节耐火砖结构施工工艺
RU2542171C2 (ru) * 2013-04-30 2015-02-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИФПМ СО РАН) Устройство для термической обработки и способ формирования кристаллического сорбента
CN111039544A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-21 彩虹显示器件股份有限公司 一种铂金通道保护支撑结构

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DE4433154C2 (de) * 1994-09-17 1998-04-09 Riedhammer Gmbh Co Kg Feuerfeste Wandung für einen Heizkanal eines offenen Ringkammerofens
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CA2614453C (fr) 2015-01-13
AR055350A1 (es) 2007-08-22
EP1907780A2 (de) 2008-04-09
EP1907780B1 (de) 2008-09-10
EG25134A (en) 2011-09-18
ES2311285T3 (es) 2009-02-01
DE602006002752D1 (de) 2008-10-23
US20090126306A1 (en) 2009-05-21
AU2006268489B2 (en) 2011-02-10
SI1907780T1 (sl) 2009-02-28
CA2614453A1 (fr) 2007-01-18
US8069628B2 (en) 2011-12-06
FR2888633B1 (fr) 2009-12-04
ATE408109T1 (de) 2008-09-15
WO2007006962A3 (fr) 2007-02-15
WO2007006962A2 (fr) 2007-01-18
BRPI0612877A2 (pt) 2010-11-30
BRPI0612877B1 (pt) 2020-03-17
AU2006268489A1 (en) 2007-01-18
ZA200800900B (en) 2009-08-26
EA200800293A1 (ru) 2008-06-30
EA012996B1 (ru) 2010-02-26
FR2888633A1 (fr) 2007-01-19

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